2023—2024学年高一年级第二学期期中测试卷
英语试题
2024.4
(本试卷满分150分 考试时间120分钟)
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节 阅读理解(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中, 选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
The Natick Community Organic Farm (NCOF) offers a unique work experience for teens. Through farm work, they learn new skills, solve problems, and become good citizens and leaders.
Leader in Training (LIT)
Ages 14–16
8:30 am–4:30 pm, minimum one week commitment
The LIT position is an unpaid volunteer opportunity for motivated teens to assist in one or more weeks of our ten-week summer program with children ages 3–11. LITs learn from and work alongside our summer staff as we educate kids about farming, food, the environment, and sustainability. If you would like to explore the field of farm work, outdoor education, or teaching, you might be a great fit as an LIT!
Teen Work Crew (TWC)
Ages 15–18
8:30 am–3:30 pm
Our TWC program offers paid, mentored (指导) work experience for teens. Teens work 24 hours per week and are scheduled for 2–4 weeks in a ten-week summer. TWC tackles the “big jobs” around the farm, such as fencing, mowing, splitting wood, rebuilding animal enclosures, and more.
Mentoring Teens through the Agriculture Apprentice (学徒) Program
Ages 14–17
8:30 am–5:00 pm
This program provides year-round job training and paid work experience to teens who wish to master the wide range of skills it takes to run a diversified (多样化的) farm. Candidates are selected by farm staff based on participation in other farm programs for their skills and “can do” attitudes. By working closely with farm staff, apprentices tackle independent projects, building confidence and leadership abilities while forming life-long friendships.
21. Who is the text intended for
A. College graduates. B. Agricultural experts.
C. Experienced farmers. D. Middle school students.
22. What is special about LIT compared to other programs
A. It doesn’t pay its participants.
B. It offers the longest work hours.
C. It focuses on sustainable agriculture.
D. It provides a visit to diversified farms.
23. What do the farm staff value most about applicants in the third program
A. Their management capability.
B. Their farm skills and attitudes.
C. Their previous work experience.
D. Their character and quality.
【答案】21. D 22. A 23. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。Natick社区有机农场（NCOF）为青少年提供独特的工作经验。本文主要介绍了Natick社区有机农场的一些项目活动。
【21题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“The Natick Community Organic Farm (NCOF) offers a unique work experience for teens. Through farm work, they learn new skills, solve problems, and become good citizens and leaders.(纳蒂克社区有机农场为青少年提供了独特的工作体验。通过农活，他们学习新技能，解决问题，成为好公民和好领袖)”且三个项目要求的年龄在14到18岁之间，可推知，这篇文章的读者是中学生。故选D。
【22题详解】
推理判断题。根据Leader in Training (LIT)部分下“The LIT position is an unpaid volunteer opportunity for motivated teens to assist in one or more weeks of our ten-week summer program with children ages 3—11.(这个职位是一个无薪的志愿者机会，为有动力的青少年提供一个或多个星期的暑期项目，帮助3到11岁的孩子)”可知，与其他课程相比，LIT的特别之处在于不付钱给参与者。故选A。
【23题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Candidates are selected by farm staff based on participation in other farm programs for their skills and “can do” attitudes. (候选人是由农场工作人员根据他们参与其他农场项目的技能和“能做”的态度来选择的)”可知，对于第三个项目的申请者，农场员工最看重的是农业技术和态度。故选B。
B
Born in 1887 in a Russian-Jewish town, Chagall started painting at the age of 19. Disappointed with the colors of traditional Russian art, he loved to paint with strong blues, reds and yellows.
So in 1911, he moved to Paris, France, where artists from around the world were creating novel art forms and he acquired fresh ways of painting eagerly. He stayed true to his childhood memories. While others chose modern subjects, he painted scenes of fantasy based on an older, farmer-like way of life. Blue dogs, yellow skies and red trees were all creations of his imagination.
Chagall went through two world wars and personal sufferings. In 1941, because his family were Jewish, the Chagalls had to leave France to escape the Nazis during World War Ⅱ. In 1944 came another blow. Chagall’s beloved wife Bella died of an illness. Despite the hardships, his passion for painting never faded. In the 1950s, he returned to France and continued to make his dreamlike paintings.
One day, during a walk in a village, he discovered a 700-year-old church (教堂), where he saw a stained-glass (彩色玻璃) window that contained a green horse. It looked as if Chagall might have created it himself. Here was a sure sign, he thought, that he should create his own stained-glass windows.
Then Chagall devoted all his energy and time to the work. As we know, many stained-glass windows are made of flat colors, but Chagall used various techniques to create the effects he wanted. He made flexible use of bright colors, putting light into the works. He painted images on glass, then had them fired to high temperatures, making the lines and colors part of the glass.
Chagall created the stained-glass windows for churches and other buildings around the world until his death in 1985. He gave them as gifts to the world and often refused payment. Today, people are still amazed at how his stained-glass creations shine and change with the sun.
24. Why did Chagall choose to go to Paris
A. To learn new painting skills. B. To publicize his new ideas about art.
C. To experience the colorful local life. D. To participate in modern art exhibitions.
25. What led Chagall to design stained-glass windows
A. Desire to let in more sunlight. B. Intention to improve the quality of glass.
C. Encouragement from some famous artists. D. Inspiration from an ancient church window.
26. What does paragraph 5 mainly talk about
A. Chagall’s working attitude. B. The images Chagall created.
C. Chagall’s artistic experiences. D. Chagall’s efforts to achieve desired effects.
27. Which of the following can best describe Chagall as an artist
A. Imaginative and honest. B. Generous and easy-going.
C. Creative and strong-willed. D. Energetic and traditional.
【答案】24. A 25. D 26. D 27. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了艺术家Chagall创造自己的彩色玻璃窗的经过。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“So in 1911, he moved to Paris, France, where artists from around the world were creating novel art forms and he acquired fresh ways of painting eagerly. (所以在1911年，他搬到了法国巴黎，在那里，世界各地的艺术家都在创造新的艺术形式，他渴望获得新的绘画方式)”可知，夏加尔去巴黎是为了学习新的绘画技巧。故选A。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“One day, during a walk in a village, he discovered a 700-year-old church (教堂), where he saw a stained-glass (彩色玻璃) window that contained a green horse. It looked as if Chagall might have created it himself. Here was a sure sign, he thought, that he should create his own stained-glass windows. (有一天，在一个村庄散步时，他发现了一座有700年历史的教堂，在那里他看到了一个彩色玻璃的窗户，上面有一匹绿马。看起来好像是夏加尔自己创作的。他认为，这是一个明确的迹象，表明他应该制造自己的彩色玻璃窗)”可知，来自古老教堂窗户的灵感促使夏加尔设计彩色玻璃窗。故选D。
【26题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第五段“Then Chagall devoted all his energy and time to the work. As we know, many stained-glass windows are made of flat colors, but Chagall used various techniques to create the effects he wanted. He made flexible use of bright colors, putting light into the works. He painted images on glass, then had them fired to high temperatures, making the lines and colors part of the glass. (然后夏加尔把他所有的精力和时间都投入到工作中。正如我们所知，许多彩色玻璃窗是由平面颜色制成的，但夏加尔使用了各种技术来创造他想要的效果。他灵活地运用鲜艳的色彩，给作品注入了光。他在玻璃上作画，然后将其高温烧制，使线条和颜色成为玻璃的一部分)”可知，第5段主要讲了夏加尔作品为了达到他想要的效果而付出的努力。故选D。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Then Chagall devoted all his energy and time to the work. As we know, many stained-glass windows are made of flat colors, but Chagall used various techniques to create the effects he wanted. (然后夏加尔把他所有的精力和时间都投入到工作中。正如我们所知，许多彩色玻璃窗是由平面颜色制成的，但夏加尔使用了各种技术来创造他想要的效果)”；最后一段“Chagall created the stained-glass windows for churches and other buildings around the world until his death in 1985. (夏加尔为世界各地的教堂和其他建筑设计了彩色玻璃窗，直到1985年去世)”可推知，夏加尔有创造力，意志坚定。故选C。
C
Sending human travelers to Mars would require scientists and engineers to overcome a range of technological and safety obstacles. One of them is the serious risk posed by particle radiation(辐射)from the sun, distant stars and galaxies (星系).
Answering two key questions would go a long way toward overcoming that difficulty: Would particle radiation pose too serious a threat to human life throughout a round trip to the red planet And, could the very timing of a mission to Mars help shield astronauts and the spacecraft from the radiation
In a new article published in the journal Space Weather, an international team of space scientists, including researchers from UCLA, answers those two questions with a “no” and a “yes.” That is, humans should be able to safely travel to and from Mars, only if the spacecraft has enough protection and the round trip is shorter than approximately four years. And the timing of a human mission to Mars would indeed make a difference: The scientists determined that the best time for a flight to leave Earth would be when solar activity is at its peak(高峰期), because, during this period, the most dangerous and energetic particles from distant galaxies are deflected (偏转) by the enhanced solar activity.
A trip of that length would be imaginable. The average flight to Mars takes about nine months, so depending on the timing of launch and available fuel, it is reasonable that a human mission could reach the planet and return to Earth in less than two years, according to Yuri Shprits, a UCLA research geophysicist and co–author of the paper.
“This study shows that while space radiation impose (强加) strict limitations on how heavy the spacecraft can be and the time of launch, and it presents technological difficulties for human missions to Mars, such a mission is possible,” said Shprits, who also is head of space physics and space weather at GFZ Research Centre for Geosciences in Potsdam, Germany.
28. What’s the function of the first paragraph
A. To list human’s achievements in space.
B. To show a possible way to travel to Mars.
C. To introduce scientists’ effort to travel to Mars.
D. To present one of the difficulties of the trip to Mars.
29. What does the underlined word “shield” in paragraph 2 mean
A. Escape. B. Approach. C. Protect. D. Separate.
30. What is the longest duration (持续时间) of a round trip to Mars for the safety of humans
A. About 9 months. B. Less than 4 years. C. Less than two years. D. One year.
31. What can be the best title for the text
A. Will It Be Safe for Humans to Fly to Mars
B. Humans Will Travel to Mars in the Near Future.
C. The Timing of a Trip to Mars Is Planned.
D. Particle Radiation Changes for the Solar Activity.
【答案】28. D 29. C 30. B 31. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是前往火星的旅程中，人类将会受到太空中的粒子辐射的影响。科学家认为，恰当的启程时间和合理的旅行周期将能确保宇航员的安全。
【28题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段的“One of them is the serious risk posed by particle radiation(辐射) from the sun, distant stars and galaxies (星系).(其中之一是来自太阳、遥远恒星和星系的粒子辐射带来的严重风险)”和第二段的“Answering two key questions would go a long way toward overcoming that difficulty(回答两个关键问题将对克服这一困难大有帮助)”可推知，第一段的作用是介绍人类前往火星需要克服的一个难题。故选D项。
【29题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线词后的“from the radiation(从辐射)”可知，此处作者提出疑问：前往火星的恰当时机能否保护宇航员和宇宙飞船免受辐射的伤害。由此可知，shield意为“保护；保卫”，与protect意思相近。故选C项。
【30题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段的“That is, humans should be able to safely travel to and from Mars, only if the spacecraft has enough protection and the round trip is shorter than approximately four years.(也就是说，人类应该能够安全地往返火星，前提是宇宙飞船有足够的屏蔽，往返时间不超过大约4年)”可知，人类安全地往返火星是可行的，前提是宇宙飞船有足够的保护，而且往返时间少于四年。故选B项。
【31题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段“Answering two key questions would go a long way toward overcoming that difficulty: Would particle radiation pose too serious a threat to human life throughout a round trip to the red planet And, could the very timing of a mission to Mars help shield astronauts and the spacecraft from the radiation (回答两个关键问题将对克服这一困难大有帮助：粒子辐射是否会在往返火星的过程中对人类生命构成太严重的威胁？而且，前往火星的时间是否能够帮助宇航员和宇宙飞船免受辐射的伤害 )”和第三段的“That is, humans should be able to safely travel to and from Mars, only if the spacecraft has enough protection and the round trip is shorter than approximately four years.(也就是说，人类应该能够安全地往返火星，前提是宇宙飞船有足够的屏蔽，往返时间不超过大约4年)”可知，本文主要讲的是人类前往火星将会受到太空中的粒子辐射的影响。科学家认为合适的启程时间和合理的旅行周期将能确保宇航员的安全，故A项“Will It Be Safe for Humans to Fly to Mars (人类飞往火星会是安全的吗？)”可作本文标题，故选A项。
D
There are 7,000 documented languages currently spoken across the world, but half of them could be endangered. It is predicted that 1,500 known languages may no longer be spoken by the end of this century.
Researchers analyzed thousands of languages to identify factors that put endangered ones at risk. The findings highlight a link between higher levels of schooling and language loss, as regionally dominant (首要的) languages taught in class often throw a shadow on indigenous (土著的) tongues. Additionally, the density of roads in an area is also a contributor. “We found that the more roads there are, connecting countries to cities, and villages to towns, the higher the risk of languages being endangered. It’s as if roads are helping dominant languages ‘steam roll’ over other smaller languages,” said Professor Lindell Bromham, co–author of the study.
The study, published in Nature, Ecology and Evolution, estimates one language is currently lost within every three–month period. But levels of language loss could actually triple in the next 40 years, with at least one language per month disappearing unless measures are taken.
“When a language is lost, we lose so much of our human cultural diversity,” said Professor Bromham. “Fortunately, many of the languages predicted to be lost this century still have fluent speakers, so there is still the chance to invest in supporting communities to restore (恢复)indigenous languages.”
There are many Internet sites and apps to help new speakers learn languages like Spanish, English and Chinese, but these now extend to specialist apps designed to teach endangered languages or help preserve them. Ma! Iwaidja, for instance, is an app that enables those working with speakers of the Iwaidja indigenous Australian language to record words, phrases and translations. Another initiative is the Rosetta Project, a global cooperation of language specialists and native speakers working to build an open–access digital library of human languages.
The UNESCO International Decade of Indigenous Languages (IDIL 2022–2032), which begins this year, also aims to engage the global community with the critical issue of language loss.
32. According to paragraph 2, which of the following factors puts endangered languages at risk
A. The history of the languages. B. The way people are taught.
C. People’s access to the wider world. D. The influence of local culture.
33. What do we know about indigenous language loss according to the study
A. It is hard to predict. B. It’s not a concern.
C. It is worsening. D. It is out of our control.
34. What is Bromham’s attitude towards restoring indigenous languages
A. Doubtful. B. Respectful. C. Hopeless. D. Confident.
35. How does the author introduce the ways to restore indigenous languages
A. By listing experts’ opinions. B. By telling stories.
C. By making comparisons. D. By giving examples.
【答案】32. C 33. C 34. D 35. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是全世界目前在使用的有记载的语言有7000种，其中一半的语言可能濒临消失。据预测，到本世纪末，1500种已知的语言可能会不再被使用。
【32题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Additionally, the density of roads in an area is also a contributor. “We found that the more roads there are, connecting countries to cities, and villages to towns, the higher the risk of languages being endangered. ”(此外，一个地区的道路密度也是促成因素。“我们发现，连接国家和城市、村庄和城镇的道路越多，语言受到威胁的风险就越高。”)”可知，接触更广阔的世界是土著语言消失的原因之一。故选C项。
【33题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The study, published in Nature, Ecology and Evolution, estimates one language is currently lost within every three–month period. But levels of language loss could actually triple in the next 40 years, with at least one language per month disappearing unless measures are taken. (这项发表在《自然、生态与进化》杂志上的研究估计，目前每三个月就有一种语言消失。但是，如果不采取措施，在未来40年里，语言消失的程度实际上可能会增加两倍，每个月至少会有一种语言消失)”可知，语言消失的情况正越来越严重。故选C项。
【34题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Fortunately, many of the languages predicted to be lost this century still have fluent speakers, so there is still the chance to invest in supporting communities to restore (恢复) indigenous languages. (幸运的是，许多预计在本世纪消失的语言仍然有流利的使用者，因此仍然有机会投资支持社区恢复土著语言。)”可知，在Bromham看来，对于土著语言的恢复是有心的。故选D项。
【35题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“Ma! Iwaidja, for instance, is an app that enables those working with speakers of the Iwaidja indigenous Australian language to record words, phrases and translations. Another initiative is the Rosetta Project, a global cooperation of language specialists and native speakers working to build an open–access digital library of human languages.(例如，Ma! Iwaidja是一款应用程序，可以让那些与说澳大利亚土著语言Iwaidja的人一起工作的人记录单词、短语和翻译。另一项倡议是Rosetta Project，这是一项由语言专家和母语使用者组成的全球合作项目，致力于建立一个开放获取的人类语言数字图书馆)”和最后一段的“The UNESCO International Decade of Indigenous Languages (IDIL 2022–2032), which begins this year, also aims to engage the global community with the critical issue of language loss.(今年开始的教科文组织的IDIL 2022–2032也旨在让全球社会关注语言丧失这一关键问题。)”可知，作者通过举例子的方式介绍了恢复土著语言的方法。故选D项。
第二节 七选五 (共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Why was school created ____36____Especially on test days, many students wonder exactly why they’re being subjected to such terrible and unusual punishment!
If you’re honest with yourself, though, you know what a great place school is.____37____. Sure, tests can be stressful, but think of how boring life would be if you didn’t get to learn new things and see other people so often!
Schools are not a new invention. You may have seen some old one-room schoolhouses that have been around for several hundred years or more.____38____.
In fact, education dates back to the very first humans ever to live on Earth. Why To survive, every generation has found it necessary to pass on its knowledge, skills, values, and traditions to the next generation. How can they do this Education! Each subsequent generation (后代) must be taught these things.
____39____They educated young people within the family unit. Over time, however, populations grew and societies formed.
Rather than every family being responsible for education, people soon found out that it would be easier and more efficient to have a small group of adults teach a larger group of children.____40____.
A. In this way, the idea of school was born.
B. The earliest schools, though, date back thousands of years.
C. At that time, schools focused on reading, writing, and maths.
D. Ancient schools weren’t like the schools we know today, though.
E. We’re sure that’s a question that every student asks from time to time.
F. The earliest human beings didn’t need schools to pass along information.
G. You have fun, learn all kinds of interesting things, and get to spend time with your friends.
【答案】36. E 37. G 38. B 39. F 40. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。介绍了学校的好处和学校产生的历史。
【36题详解】
根据前文“Why was school created (为什么要创建学校 )”以及后文“Especially on test days, many students wonder exactly why they’re being subjected to such terrible and unusual punishment!(特别是在考试的日子里，许多学生都想知道为什么他们会受到如此可怕和不寻常的惩罚!)”可知，此处通过从学生的角度谈论创建学校的理由，E项“We’re sure that’s a question that every student asks from time to time.(我们确信这是每个学生都会时不时问的问题)”承接上文，学生问的问题就是前文的问题，并引出下文。故选E项。
【37题详解】
根据前文“If you’re honest with yourself, though, you know what a great place school is.(如果你对自己诚实的话，你就会知道学校是一个多么好的地方)”可知，此处讲述学校是个好地方，G项“You have fun, learn all kinds of interesting things, and get to spend time with your friends.(你玩得很开心，学习各种有趣的东西，并与你的朋友们共度时光)”符合此处主题，说明学校提高的益处，承接上文。故选G项。
【38题详解】
根据前文“Schools are not a new invention. You may have seen some old one-room schoolhouses that have been around for several hundred years or more.(学校并不是一项新发明。你可能见过一些已经存在了几百年甚至更久的单间校舍)”可知，此处讲述学校的历史，B项“The earliest schools, though, date back thousands of years.(然而，最早的学校可以追溯到几千年前)”符合本段主题。故选B项。
【39题详解】
根据后文“They educated young people within the family unit. Over time, however, populations grew and societies formed.(他们以家庭为单位教育年轻人。然而，随着时间的推移，人口增长，社会形成)”可知，此处讲述早期的教育，F项“The earliest human beings didn’t need schools to pass along information.(最早的人类不需要学校来传递信息)”引出下文，符合语境。故选F项。
【40题详解】
根据前文“Rather than every family being responsible for education, people soon found out that it would be easier and more efficient to have a small group of adults teach a larger group of children.(人们很快发现，让一小群成年人教育一大群孩子，会更容易、更有效，而不是每个家庭都负责教育)”可知，本段主要讲述学校诞生的原因，A项“In this way, the idea of school was born.(就这样，学校的概念诞生了)”是对前文的总结，符合文意。故选A项。
第三部分 语言运用(共四节，满分55分)
第一节 完形填空(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
“Eco-mermaid” Merle Liivand wove a remarkable story with her attachment to the ocean. On March 7, she ____41____ her own world record by swimming a full marathon’s distance with a single fin (鳍) in Biscayne Bay, Florida. When Merle Liivand was a child, she had health problems, and began swimming to help her lungs get ____42____ . In one training session, she nearly ended up swallowing (吞下) some ____43____that was floating (漂浮) in the sea.
That ____44____ made her think of all the sea animals who faced ____45____ pollution every day. She decided to work to make people more aware of plastic pollution. Inspired by sea creatures, she began swimming with a special single swimming fin ____46____ both of her feet. This single fin allows her to swim by ____47____ both of her legs together. She believes swimming with it ____48____“a bigger message”.
Since 2022, she’s broken records, swimming vast distances — first in California, then in Florida, and this time swimming the____49____of a full marathon. Despite challenges like jellyfish (水母) stings, she ____50____ collecting trash along her route. Her dedication extends beyond records; it’s about community and global ____51____.
During her ____52____, a friend kayaked (划皮划艇) alongside, providing food and water and collecting the trash she ____53____. By the end of her marathon, the kayak held three bags full of trash. Liivand’s actions aim to ____54____a bigger goal: it’s not just about achievements, but about making a ____55____ impact on the world.
41. A. planned B. kept C. broke D. prepared
42. A. stronger B. cleaner C. lighter D. cooler
43. A. water B. plastic C. sand D. metal
44. A. situation B. cleanup C. disaster D. experience
45. A. different B. visible C. similar D. challenging
46. A. attached to B. referred to C. applied to D. devoted to
47. A. connecting B. removing C. kicking D. wiping
48. A. hides B. marks C. finds D. carries
49. A. depth B. length C. width D. height
50. A. continued B. relaxed C. faced D. paused
51. A. accomplishment B. betterment C. management D. agreement
52. A. training B. adventure C. travel D. marathon
53. A. gathered B. shared C. sorted D. pushed
54. A. miss B. review C. break D. reach
55. A. various B. lasting C. positive D. side
【答案】41. C 42. A 43. B 44. D 45. C 46. A 47. C 48. D 49. B 50. A 51. B 52. D 53. A 54. D 55. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了海洋环保人士Merle Liivand在佛罗里达州比斯开湾用单蹼游泳完成全程马拉松的距离，打破自己创下的世界纪录，期间她还持续收集路线上的垃圾，旨在提高人们对塑料污染的认识，并对全球环境改善做出贡献。
【41题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：3月7日，Merle Liivand在佛罗里达州的比斯开湾用单片鱼鳍游泳，完成了相当于全程马拉松的距离，从而打破了自己之前的世界纪录。A. planned计划；B. kept保持；C. broke打破；D. prepared准备。根据空后“her own world record ”以及下文“Since 2022, she’s broken records, swimming vast distances—first in California, then in Florida”可知，Merle打破了之前的世界记录。故选C。
【42题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Merle Liivand小时候有健康问题，游泳以帮助她的肺部变得更强壮。A. stronger更强壮的；B. cleaner更干净的；C. lighter更轻的；D. cooler更凉爽的。根据上文“When Merle Liivand was a child, she had health problems, and began swimming to help her lungs”可知，Merle Liivand小时候有健康问题。所以她开始游泳，是为了让她的肺部更强壮。故选A。
【43题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在一次训练中，她差点吞下了一些漂浮在海里的塑料。A. water水；B. plastic塑料；C. sand沙子；D. metal金属。根据下文“She decided to work to make people more aware of plastic pollution.”可知，航洋中充满了塑料垃圾，所以Merle Liivand在一次训练中差点吞下了一些漂浮在海里的塑料。故选B。
【44题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：那次经历让她想到了所有每天面临类似污染问题的海洋动物。A. situation情况；B. cleanup清理；C. disaster灾难；D. experience经验，经历。根据上文“In one training session, she nearly ended up swallowing (吞下) some____3____that was floating (漂浮) in the sea.”可知，Merle Liivand差点吞下了一些漂浮在海里的塑料的经历让她想到了海洋的动物也会面临类似的问题。故选D。
【45题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：那次经历让她想到了所有每天面临类似污染问题的海洋动物。A. different不同的；B. visible可见的；C. similar相似的；D. challenging挑战性的。根据空后“pollution every day”可知，海洋动物面临的污染与她经历的塑料污染类似。故选C。
【46题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：受海洋生物启发，她开始使用一种特殊的单片游泳鳍，这种鳍固定在她的双脚上。A. attached to把……固定于；B. referred to参考，提及；C. applied to应用于；D. devoted to致力于。根据上文“by swimming a full marathon’s distance with a single fin (鳍) in Biscayne Bay, Florida”可知，Merle Liivand是把类似于鱼类的单片游泳鳍固定在双脚上。故选A。
【47题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这片单鳍使她能够通过同时踢动两条腿来游泳。A. connecting连接；B. removing移除；C. kicking踢；D. wiping擦拭。根据上文“she began swimming with a special single swimming fin____6____both of her feet. ”可知，单片游泳鳍固定到双脚上后，能够让Merle Liivand同时踢动两条腿来游泳。故选C。
【48题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她相信使用它游泳传递了一个更大的信息。A. hides隐藏；B. marks标记；C. finds发现；D. carries带有，传输。根据空后的“a bigger message”可知，Merle Liivand想用这种方式传递出更大的信息。所以此处她的这种游泳方式承载和传达了一种信息。故选D。
【49题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：从2022年开始，她打破了记录，游了巨大的距离——首先在加利福尼亚，然后在佛罗里达，这一次游完了全程马拉松的距离。A. depth深度；B. length长度；C. width宽度；D. height高度。根据上文“Since 2022, she’s broken records, swimming vast distances”以及空后“of a full marathon”可知，Merle Liivand在2022年游了巨大的距离，而这次是游完了马拉松的长度。故选B。
【50题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管面临水母蜇伤等挑战，她还是继续沿着路线收集垃圾。A. continued继续；B. relaxed放松；C. faced面对；D. paused暂停。根据上文“Despite challenges like jellyfish (水母)stings”可知，尽管遇到了一些挑战，Merle Liivand还是继续在游泳的过程中收集垃圾。故选A。
【51题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：她的奉献超越了记录；这是关于社区和全球的改善。A. accomplishment成就；B. betterment改善；C. management管理；D. agreement协议。根据上文“Her dedication extends beyond records”可知，Merle Liivand对于奉献超越了记录本身，让社区的全球环境得到改善。故选B。
【52题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在她的马拉松过程中，一位朋友划着皮划艇陪伴在旁，提供食物和水，并收集她收集的垃圾。A. training训练；B. adventure冒险；C. travel旅行；D. marathon马拉松。根据下文“By the end of her marathon”可知，此处表示在Merle Liivand的马拉松过程中，一位朋友在旁边陪伴她并给她支持。故选D。
【53题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在她的马拉松过程中，一位朋友划着皮划艇陪伴在旁，提供食物和水，并收集她收集的垃圾。A. gathered收集；B. shared分享；C. sorted分类；D. pushed推。根据上文“Despite challenges like jellyfish (水母) stings, she ____10____ collecting trash along her route. Her dedication extends beyond records”可知，Merle Liivand的一位朋友把她在海洋里收集的垃圾再次收集起来。故选A。
【54题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：Liivand的行为旨在实现更大的目标：不仅仅是成就，而是对世界产生积极的影响。A. miss错过；B. review复习；C. break打断；D. reach实现。根据空后“a bigger goal”可知，Merle Liivand想要实现更大的目标。故选D。
【55题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Liivand的行为旨在实现更大的目标：不仅仅是成就，而是对世界产生积极的影响。A. various各种各样的；B. lasting持久的；C. positive积极的；D. side副作用的，侧面的。根据全文语境可知，Merle Liivand在游泳的过程中收集海洋垃圾，从而改善了社区和全球的环境，所以此处指她想对世界产生积极的影响。故选C。
第二节 短文填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Biang Biang noodles, originated in Shaanxi Province, are well known for its traditional flavor and a funny name and interesting story.
The Chinese character for Biang is one of the most complex in the Chinese language, ____56____ (contain) 42 strokes (笔画) in simplified Chinese, ____57____ is far more than most characters.
Unlike other noodles that are named after how they’re made like pulled noodles, story has it that the name dates back to the Qing Dynasty. The noodles had already existed for long but didn’t have a nice name. One day, a hungry scholar, living a poor life, tried his luck for a free meal. ____58____ (attract) by the sound of making noodles, he stopped and made ____59____ proposal that the noodle shop owner give him free noodles, and in return he would come up ____60____ a name for it.
After ____61____ (enjoy) his delicious free lunch, the scholar got ____62____ (inspire) for the name when the noodle chef slammed the noodles on the counter. The repeated motion gives Biang Biang noodles the character to be thick and chewy (耐嚼).
Despite the fact that the scholar just wanted to give the noodle shop owner his money’s worth, the name he created was ____63____ (extreme) difficult. Since then, it ____64____ (regard) as one of the top 14 _____65_____ (difficult) characters to write in the entire language. Anyway, the noodle comes down with its super taste and unforgettable name.
【答案】56. containing
57. which 58. Attracted
59. a 60. with
61. enjoying
62. inspiration
63. extremely
64. has been regarded
65. most difficult
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。陕西特色小吃Biang Biang面因其传统风味、有趣的名字和故事而闻名。文章介绍了Biang Biang面背后的故事。
【56题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意为：“Biang”是中国语言中最复杂的汉字之一，简体中文有42个笔画，远远超过大多数汉字。此处是非谓语动词作状语，contain与其逻辑主语The Chinese character for Biang构成逻辑上的主动的关系，故填containing。
【57题详解】
考查非限制性定语从句。句意为：“Biang”是中国语言中最复杂的汉字之一，简体中文有42个笔画，远远超过大多数汉字。分析句子可知，这是一个非限制性定语从句，从句中缺主语，修饰The Chinese character for Biang，指物。故填which。
【58题详解】
考查过去分词作状语。句意为：他被制作面条的声音所吸引，停下来向面馆老板提出了免费面条的建议。此处是非谓语动词作状语，attract与其逻辑主语he构成逻辑上被动的关系，还要注意首字母大写，故填Attracted。
【59题详解】
考查冠词。句意为：他停了下来，提议面馆老板给他免费的面条，作为回报，他要为面条起个名字。此处泛指一个提议，proposal是可数名词，意思是“提议”，且发音是以辅音音素开头，故填a。
【60题详解】
考查固定搭配。句意为：他停了下来，提议面馆老板给他免费的面条，作为回报，他要为面条起个名字。想出一个主意，给面条起一个名字，可以使用固定搭配come up with a name，故填with。
【61题详解】
考查动名词。句意为：在享用完美味的免费午餐后，这位学者得到了这个名字的灵感，因为面条师傅把面条摔在柜台上。在介词after后，故用动名词，填enjoying。
【62题详解】
考查名词。句意为：在享用完美味的免费午餐后，这位学者得到了这个名字的灵感，因为面条师傅把面条摔在柜台上。得到了这个名字的灵感，需要填入名词充当宾语，故填inspire的名词形式inspiration，不可数。故填inspiration。
【63题详解】
考查副词。句意：尽管学者只是想给面馆老板物有所值，但他创造的名字却非常难记。空格修饰形容词difficult，需要使用副词形式，故填extremely。
【64题详解】
考查时态和语态。句意为：从那时起，它就被认为是整个语言中最难写的14个字之一。由时间状语Since then决定regard用现在完成时，与句子的主语it构成被动，故填has been regarded。
65题详解】
考查形容词的最高级。句意为：从那时起，它就被认为是整个语言中最难写的14个字之一。根据top可知，这里想表达的是最难的14个汉字，也就是使用最高级，故填most difficult。
第三节 语法单句填空(共10小题;每小题1分，满分10分)
A. 用所给词的正确形式或所学语法知识填空，使句意完整正确。注意：每空不限一词。
66. In Chinese culture, 2024 is the Year of the Dragon, or “loong”, the image of which appears on many cultural artifacts___________(pass) down through Chinese history. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】passed
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在中国文化中，2024年是龙年，许多中国历史上流传下来的文物上都有龙年的形象。分析句子结构可知，句子中已经有谓语动词，因此空格处需要填入非谓语动词，动词与逻辑主语cultural artifacts之间为动宾关系，因此用过去分词，本句中为过去分词作后置定语。故填passed。
67. Every spring, tourists from all over the world come ___________ (flood) in to enjoy the sight of The Slender West Lake, the He Garden and the Ge Garden, which fully reveal the charm of Yangzhou. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】flooding
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：每年春天，来自世界各地的游客涌入扬州，欣赏瘦西湖、何园和个园的美景，这些景点充分展现了扬州的魅力。分析句子结构可知，空处需要非谓语动词作伴随状语。flood in“涌入”，该动词短语和其逻辑主语tourists之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语。故填flooding。
68. The most unattractive person is only eager ________ (love), and they will open up like a flower. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】to be loved
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：最没有魅力的人只渴望被爱，他们会像花朵一样开放。分析句子可知，句中涉及固定短语“be eager to do”，意为“渴望做某事”，“person”与“love”之间为被动关系，故应用动词不定式的被动形式“to be done”，“love”的过去分词为“loved”。故填to be loved。
69. The small output of tea, called “Mingqian tea”, ___________ (seek) after for its outstanding quality. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】is sought
【解析】
【详解】考查被动语态。句意：被称为“明前茶”的少量茶叶因其卓越的品质而受到追捧。这里的“seek”需要使用被动语态，因为茶叶是被寻求的对象。由于句子描述的是一般性的事实，所以使用一般现在时，故答案是is sought。
70. ___________ (push) her career further, Jia Ling, a well-known film director and actress, offered to her fans another masterpiece, YOLO, short for “You Only Live Once”. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】To push
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了进一步推动她的职业生涯，知名电影导演兼演员贾玲向粉丝们呈现了另一部力作《YOLO》，该缩写代表“你只活一次”。分析句子结构可知，空处需要动词不定式作目的状语。故填To push。
71. The relation of disease to ___________ (poor) and ignorance is easy to see. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】poverty
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：疾病与贫穷和无知的关系是显而易见的。此处应用名词poverty作宾语，不可数，故填poverty。
72. The course is intended to educate people about the ___________ (destroy) effects of alcohol abuse. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】destructive
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：该课程旨在教育人们了解酗酒的破坏性影响。分析可知，空处应为形容词作定语修饰名词effects，故填destructive。
73. Stories have spread about his__________ (generous) and the huge amounts of money he donated to the charity. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】generosity
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：关于他的慷慨和他向慈善机构捐赠的巨额资金的故事已经传开了。形容词性物主代词his后接名词形式，在句中作宾语。generous的名词形式为generosity，为不可数名词。故填generosity。
74. ________ the Internet brings many valuable advantages, being connected has its problems. （用适当的词填空）
【答案】 While
【解析】
【详解】考查让步状语从句。句意：虽然互联网带来了许多宝贵的优势，但连接也有它的问题。根据“being connected has its problems.”可知，前后句之间为转折关系，应用while“虽然，尽管”，引导让步状语从句。故填While。
75. The Lunar New Year, or Spring Festival, has been officially listed as a UN floating holiday in its calendar of conferences from 2024, ___________ is welcomed by the UN’s member countries. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】which
【解析】
【详解】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：农历新年或春节从2024年起已正式被列为联合国会议日历中的一个浮动假日，这被联合国成员国所欢迎。横线前有名词，说明这是一个非限制性定语从句，横线在从句中作主语，指代整个句子，故填which。
第四节 完成句子(共10小题;每小题1分，满分10分)
每空一词，注意词的正确形式。每题所有空格都填对得1分。
76. 亚马逊雨林通过固定碳和产生氧气，使得地球生生不息。
The Amazon rainforest ________ ________ ________ the planet by fixing carbon and producing oxygen.
【答案】 ①. breathes ②. life ③. into
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语。根据句意及所给句子可知，此处需要填入“生生不息”，应用动词短语breathe life into…意为“注入新活力”，本句为陈述事实，因此用一般现在时，主语为第三人称单数，因此谓语动词用单数。故填①breathes；②life；③into。
77. 出于好奇，有些青少年尝试抽电子烟，转而电子烟又伤害他们的身心健康。
Out of curiosity, some teenagers try smoking e-cigarettes, which ________ _________damage their physical and mental health.
【答案】 ①. in ②. turn
【解析】
【详解】考查介词短语。介词短语in turn“反过来，转而”。故填in；turn。
78. 不负韶华，未来可期。
Make the best of each day, and a promising future is lying ________ ________ ________ you.
【答案】 ①. in ②. store ③. for
【解析】
【详解】考查介词短语。介词短语in store for“准备着”。故填in；store；for。
79. 她立刻意识到这些是海啸来临的征兆。
It immediately________ ________ her that these were signs of an approaching tsunami.
【答案】 ①. occurred ②. to
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语和动词时态。表示“某人意识到”应用动词短语occur to sb.，结合“were”可知，此处使用一般过去时。故填①occurred②to。
80. 通常，研究结果以图表、报告的形式呈现。
Generally, the result of a research ________ _________ ________ _________ graphs, charts and reports.
【答案】 ①. takes ②. the ③. form ④. of
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语。分析可知，空处表示“以……的形式呈现”，其英文是take the form of，本句为一般现在时，主语the result of a research表示单数，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式，故填①takes②the③form④of。
81. 在某种程度上，我们能随时了解全世界的知识。
____________ ____________ ____________ ____________， the world's knowledge is all at our fingers.
【答案】 ① To ②. a ③. certain ④. extent
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】考查固定短语。表示“程度”可以使用extent一词，“在某种程度上”为固定词组：to a certain extent，在句中作状语。故填①To ②a ③certain④extent。
82. 新政减少了学生的在校时间，大大减轻了我们的学业负担。
The new policies have ________ _________ ________ the amount of time students spend in school, which has greatly lightened our academic burden.
【答案】 ①. cut ②. back ③. on
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语。根据汉语提示可知，空处需要动词短语cut back on“削减；减少”。根据空前的have以及句意可知，本句话为现在完成时态，所以cut需要用过去分词cut。故填①cut②back②on。
83. 通过使用搜索引擎，我们可以在数秒之内调出几百万条信息。
Millions of results can be _________ ________ in seconds by using a search engine.
【答案】 ①. brought ②. up
【解析】
【详解】考查被动语态。分析可知，空处表示“调出”，英文是bring up，主语Millions of results与谓语bring up之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，结合空前情态动词can，其后的被动语态为can+be+过去分词，bring的过去分词为brought，故填①brought②up。
84. 我们要抛弃那种想要找到归属感就必须取悦他人的想法！
We must ________ _________ ________ the idea that we should please others to find a sense of belonging!
【答案】 ①. get ②. rid ③. of
【解析】
【详解】考查固定搭配。“抛弃”为动词短语get rid of，由情态动词must可知，动词get应用原形，故填get rid of。
85. 观众爆发出雷鸣般掌声，我意识到我表演成功了。
I realized it was a successful performance with a thunderous applause ________ _______ from the audience.
【答案】 ①. breaking ②. out
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语。根据汉语提示可知，空处需要动词短语break out“爆发”。分析句子结构可知，该动词短语在句中作宾语补足语，和宾语“a thunderous applause”之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作宾补。故填①breaking②out。
第四部分 书面表达—应用文写作 (满分20分)
86. 为了提高学生珍惜地球和保护环境的意识，上周日你校举办了一场主题为“人与自然和谐共生”的英语演讲比赛，请你为校广播台写一则英文报道，内容包括：
(1) 举办英语演讲比赛的目的；
(2) 介绍演讲比赛的活动过程；
(3) 活动反响。
注意：
(1)写作词数应为80左右；
(2)可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯;
(3)参考词汇：人与自然和谐共生— harmonious coexistence between man and nature。
Harmonious Coexistence Between Man and Nature
____________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】范文
Harmonious Coexistence Between Man and Nature
Aimed at raising students’ awareness of treasuring our planet and protecting the environment, an English speech contest was held on the theme of “living in harmony with nature” in our school last Sunday.
The contest was rather intense and enlightening, with students from different grades sharing their thoughts. Topics ranged from the impact of climate change to practical measures to reduce our carbon footprint. A Senior 3 student got the first prize, who stressed the importance of education and out joint efforts.
The event was regarded as a call for all to take action towards protecting the environment, and our love for our mother nature was deepened.
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生为校广播台写一则英文报道，报道“人与自然和谐共生”的英语演讲比赛。
【详解】1.词汇积累
举行：hold→host
被视为：be regarded as→be considered as
强调：stress→emphasize
比赛：contest→competition
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：The contest was rather intense and enlightening, with students from different grades sharing their thoughts.
拓展句：The contest was rather intense and enlightening because students from different grades shared their thoughts.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Aimed at raising students’ awareness of treasuring our planet and protecting the environment, an English speech contest was held on the theme of “living in harmony with nature” in our school last Sunday. (运用了过去分词作状语)
[高分句型2] A Senior 3 student got the first prize, who stressed the importance of education and out joint efforts. (运用了who引导非限制性定语从句)2023—2024学年高一年级第二学期期中测试卷
英语试题
2024.4
(本试卷满分150分 考试时间120分钟)
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节 阅读理解(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中, 选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
The Natick Community Organic Farm (NCOF) offers a unique work experience for teens. Through farm work, they learn new skills, solve problems, and become good citizens and leaders.
Leader in Training (LIT)
Ages 14–16
8:30 am–4:30 pm, minimum one week commitment
The LIT position is an unpaid volunteer opportunity for motivated teens to assist in one or more weeks of our ten-week summer program with children ages 3–11. LITs learn from and work alongside our summer staff as we educate kids about farming food, the environment, and sustainability. If you would like to explore the field of farm work, outdoor education, or teaching, you might be a great fit as an LIT!
Teen Work Crew (TWC)
Ages 15–18
8:30 am–3:30 pm
Our TWC program offers paid, mentored (指导) work experience for teens. Teens work 24 hours per week and are scheduled for 2–4 weeks in a ten-week summer. TWC tackles the “big jobs” around the farm, such as fencing, mowing, splitting wood, rebuilding animal enclosures, and more.
Mentoring Teens through the Agriculture Apprentice (学徒) Program
Ages 14–17
8:30 am–5:00 pm
This program provides year-round job training and paid work experience to teens who wish to master the wide range of skills it takes to run a diversified (多样化的) farm. Candidates are selected by farm staff based on participation in other farm programs for their skills and “can do” attitudes. By working closely with farm staff, apprentices tackle independent projects, building confidence and leadership abilities while forming life-long friendships.
21. Who is the text intended for
A. College graduates. B. Agricultural experts.
C. Experienced farmers. D. Middle school students.
22. What is special about LIT compared to other programs
A. It doesn’t pay its participants.
B. It offers the longest work hours.
C. It focuses on sustainable agriculture.
D. It provides a visit to diversified farms.
23. What do the farm staff value most about applicants in the third program
A. Their management capability.
B. Their farm skills and attitudes.
C. Their previous work experience.
D. Their character and quality.
B
Born in 1887 in a Russian-Jewish town, Chagall started painting at the age of 19. Disappointed with the colors of traditional Russian art, he loved to paint with strong blues, reds and yellows.
So in 1911, he moved to Paris, France, where artists from around the world were creating novel art forms and he acquired fresh ways of painting eagerly. He stayed true to his childhood memories. While others chose modern subjects, he painted scenes of fantasy based on an older, farmer-like way of life. Blue dogs, yellow skies and red trees were all creations of his imagination.
Chagall went through two world wars and personal sufferings. In 1941, because his family were Jewish, the Chagalls had to leave France to escape the Nazis during World War Ⅱ. In 1944 came another blow. Chagall’s beloved wife Bella died of an illness. Despite the hardships, his passion for painting never faded. In the 1950s, he returned to France and continued to make his dreamlike paintings.
One day, during a walk in a village, he discovered a 700-year-old church (教堂), where he saw a stained-glass (彩色玻璃) window that contained a green horse. It looked as if Chagall might have created it himself. Here was a sure sign, he thought, that he should create his own stained-glass windows.
Then Chagall devoted all his energy and time to the work. As we know, many stained-glass windows are made of flat colors, but Chagall used various techniques to create the effects he wanted. He made flexible use of bright colors, putting light into the works. He painted images on glass, then had them fired to high temperatures, making the lines and colors part of the glass.
Chagall created the stained-glass windows for churches and other buildings around the world until his death in 1985. He gave them as gifts to the world and often refused payment. Today, people are still amazed at how his stained-glass creations shine and change with the sun.
24. Why did Chagall choose to go to Paris
A. To learn new painting skills. B. To publicize his new ideas about art.
C. To experience the colorful local life. D. To participate in modern art exhibitions.
25. What led Chagall to design stained-glass windows
A. Desire to let in more sunlight. B. Intention to improve the quality of glass.
C. Encouragement from some famous artists. D. Inspiration from an ancient church window.
26. What does paragraph 5 mainly talk about
A. Chagall’s working attitude. B. The images Chagall created.
C. Chagall’s artistic experiences. D. Chagall’s efforts to achieve desired effects.
27. Which of the following can best describe Chagall as an artist
A. Imaginative and honest. B. Generous and easy-going.
C. Creative and strong-willed. D. Energetic and traditional.
C
Sending human travelers to Mars would require scientists and engineers to overcome a range of technological and safety obstacles. One of them is the serious risk posed by particle radiation(辐射)from the sun, distant stars and galaxies (星系).
Answering two key questions would go a long way toward overcoming that difficulty: Would particle radiation pose too serious a threat to human life throughout a round trip to the red planet And, could the very timing of a mission to Mars help shield astronauts and the spacecraft from the radiation
In a new article published in the journal Space Weather, an international team of space scientists, including researchers from UCLA, answers those two questions with a “no” and a “yes.” That is, humans should be able to safely travel to and from Mars, only if the spacecraft has enough protection and the round trip is shorter than approximately four years. And the timing of a human mission to Mars would indeed make a difference: The scientists determined that the best time for a flight to leave Earth would be when solar activity is at its peak(高峰期), because, during this period, the most dangerous and energetic particles from distant galaxies are deflected (偏转) by the enhanced solar activity.
A trip of that length would be imaginable. The average flight to Mars takes about nine months, so depending on the timing of launch and available fuel, it is reasonable that a human mission could reach the planet and return to Earth in less than two years, according to Yuri Shprits, a UCLA research geophysicist and co–author of the paper.
“This study shows that while space radiation impose (强加) strict limitations on how heavy the spacecraft can be and the time of launch, and it presents technological difficulties for human missions to Mars, such a mission is possible,” said Shprits, who also is head of space physics and space weather at GFZ Research Centre for Geosciences in Potsdam, Germany.
28. What’s the function of the first paragraph
A. To list human’s achievements in space.
B. To show a possible way to travel to Mars.
C. To introduce scientists’ effort to travel to Mars.
D. To present one of the difficulties of the trip to Mars.
29. What does the underlined word “shield” in paragraph 2 mean
A. Escape. B. Approach. C. Protect. D. Separate.
30. What is the longest duration (持续时间) of a round trip to Mars for the safety of humans
A. About 9 months. B. Less than 4 years. C. Less than two years. D. One year.
31. What can be the best title for the text
A. Will It Be Safe for Humans to Fly to Mars
B. Humans Will Travel to Mars in the Near Future.
C. The Timing of a Trip to Mars Is Planned.
D. Particle Radiation Changes for the Solar Activity.
D
There are 7,000 documented languages currently spoken across the world, but half of them could be endangered. It is predicted that 1,500 known languages may no longer be spoken by the end of this century.
Researchers analyzed thousands of languages to identify factors that put endangered ones at risk. The findings highlight a link between higher levels of schooling and language loss, as regionally dominant (首要的) languages taught in class often throw a shadow on indigenous (土著的) tongues. Additionally, the density of roads in an area is also a contributor. “We found that the more roads there are, connecting countries to cities, and villages to towns, the higher the risk of languages being endangered. It’s as if roads are helping dominant languages ‘steam roll’ over other smaller languages,” said Professor Lindell Bromham, co–author of the study.
The study, published in Nature, Ecology and Evolution, estimates one language is currently lost within every three–month period. But levels of language loss could actually triple in the next 40 years, with at least one language per month disappearing unless measures are taken.
“When a language is lost, we lose so much of our human cultural diversity,” said Professor Bromham. “Fortunately, many of the languages predicted to be lost this century still have fluent speakers, so there is still the chance to invest in supporting communities to restore (恢复)indigenous languages.”
There are many Internet sites and apps to help new speakers learn languages like Spanish, English and Chinese, but these now extend to specialist apps designed to teach endangered languages or help preserve them. Ma! Iwaidja, for instance, is an app that enables those working with speakers of the Iwaidja indigenous Australian language to record words, phrases and translations. Another initiative is the Rosetta Project, a global cooperation of language specialists and native speakers working to build an open–access digital library of human languages.
The UNESCO International Decade of Indigenous Languages (IDIL 2022–2032), which begins this year, also aims to engage the global community with the critical issue of language loss.
32. According to paragraph 2, which of the following factors puts endangered languages at risk
A. The history of the languages. B. The way people are taught.
C. People’s access to the wider world. D. The influence of local culture.
33. What do we know about indigenous language loss according to the study
A. It is hard to predict. B. It’s not a concern.
C. It is worsening. D. It is out of our control.
34. What is Bromham’s attitude towards restoring indigenous languages
A. Doubtful. B. Respectful. C. Hopeless. D. Confident.
35. How does the author introduce the ways to restore indigenous languages
A. By listing experts’ opinions. B. By telling stories.
C. By making comparisons. D. By giving examples.
第二节 七选五 (共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Why was school created ____36____Especially on test days, many students wonder exactly why they’re being subjected to such terrible and unusual punishment!
If you’re honest with yourself, though, you know what a great place school is.____37____. Sure, tests can be stressful, but think of how boring life would be if you didn’t get to learn new things and see other people so often!
Schools are not a new invention. You may have seen some old one-room schoolhouses that have been around for several hundred years or more.____38____.
In fact, education dates back to the very first humans ever to live on Earth. Why To survive, every generation has found it necessary to pass on its knowledge, skills, values, and traditions to the next generation. How can they do this Education! Each subsequent generation (后代) must be taught these things.
____39____They educated young people within the family unit. Over time, however, populations grew and societies formed.
Rather than every family being responsible for education, people soon found out that it would be easier and more efficient to have a small group of adults teach a larger group of children.____40____.
A. In this way, the idea of school was born.
B. The earliest schools, though, date back thousands of years.
C. At that time, schools focused on reading, writing, and maths.
D. Ancient schools weren’t like the schools we know today, though.
E. We’re sure that’s a question that every student asks from time to time.
F. The earliest human beings didn’t need schools to pass along information.
G. You have fun, learn all kinds of interesting things, and get to spend time with your friends.
第三部分 语言运用(共四节，满分55分)
第一节 完形填空(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
“Eco-mermaid” Merle Liivand wove a remarkable story with her attachment to the ocean. On March 7, she ____41____ her own world record by swimming a full marathon’s distance with a single fin (鳍) in Biscayne Bay, Florida. When Merle Liivand was a child, she had health problems, and began swimming to help her lungs get ____42____ . In one training session, she nearly ended up swallowing (吞下) some ____43____that was floating (漂浮) in the sea.
That ____44____ made her think of all the sea animals who faced ____45____ pollution every day. She decided to work to make people more aware of plastic pollution. Inspired by sea creatures she began swimming with a special single swimming fin ____46____ both of her feet. This single fin allows her to swim by ____47____ both of her legs together. She believes swimming with it ____48____“a bigger message”.
Since 2022, she’s broken records, swimming vast distances — first in California, then in Florida, and this time swimming the____49____of a full marathon. Despite challenges like jellyfish (水母) stings, she ____50____ collecting trash along her route. Her dedication extends beyond records; it’s about community and global ____51____.
During her ____52____, a friend kayaked (划皮划艇) alongside, providing food and water and collecting the trash she ____53____. By the end of her marathon, the kayak held three bags full of trash. Liivand’s actions aim to ____54____a bigger goal: it’s not just about achievements, but about making a ____55____ impact on the world.
41. A. planned B. kept C. broke D. prepared
42. A. stronger B. cleaner C. lighter D. cooler
43. A. water B. plastic C. sand D. metal
44. A. situation B. cleanup C. disaster D. experience
45. A. different B. visible C. similar D. challenging
46. A. attached to B. referred to C. applied to D. devoted to
47. A. connecting B. removing C. kicking D. wiping
48. A. hides B. marks C. finds D. carries
49. A. depth B. length C. width D. height
50. A. continued B. relaxed C. faced D. paused
51. A. accomplishment B. betterment C. management D. agreement
52. A. training B. adventure C. travel D. marathon
53. A. gathered B. shared C. sorted D. pushed
54. A. miss B. review C. break D. reach
55. A. various B. lasting C. positive D. side
第二节 短文填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Biang Biang noodles, originated in Shaanxi Province, are well known for its traditional flavor and a funny name and interesting story.
The Chinese character for Biang is one of the most complex in the Chinese language, ____56____ (contain) 42 strokes (笔画) in simplified Chinese, ____57____ is far more than most characters.
Unlike other noodles that are named after how they’re made like pulled noodles, story has it that the name dates back to the Qing Dynasty. The noodles had already existed for long but didn’t have a nice name. One day, a hungry scholar, living a poor life, tried his luck for a free meal. ____58____ (attract) by the sound of making noodles, he stopped and made ____59____ proposal that the noodle shop owner give him free noodles, and in return he would come up ____60____ a name for it.
After ____61____ (enjoy) his delicious free lunch, the scholar got ____62____ (inspire) for the name when the noodle chef slammed the noodles on the counter. The repeated motion gives Biang Biang noodles the character to be thick and chewy (耐嚼).
Despite the fact that the scholar just wanted to give the noodle shop owner his money’s worth, the name he created was ____63____ (extreme) difficult. Since then, it ____64____ (regard) as one of the top 14 _____65_____ (difficult) characters to write in the entire language. Anyway, the noodle comes down with its super taste and unforgettable name.
第三节 语法单句填空(共10小题;每小题1分，满分10分)
A. 用所给词的正确形式或所学语法知识填空，使句意完整正确。注意：每空不限一词。
66. In Chinese culture, 2024 is the Year of the Dragon, or “loong”, the image of which appears on many cultural artifacts___________(pass) down through Chinese history. (所给词的适当形式填空)
67. Every spring, tourists from all over the world come ___________ (flood) in to enjoy the sight of The Slender West Lake, the He Garden and the Ge Garden, which fully reveal the charm of Yangzhou. (所给词的适当形式填空)
68. The most unattractive person is only eager ________ (love), and they will open up like a flower. (所给词的适当形式填空)
69. The small output of tea, called “Mingqian tea”, ___________ (seek) after for its outstanding quality. (所给词的适当形式填空)
70. ___________ (push) her career further, Jia Ling, a well-known film director and actress, offered to her fans another masterpiece, YOLO, short for “You Only Live Once”. (所给词的适当形式填空)
71. The relation of disease to ___________ (poor) and ignorance is easy to see. (所给词的适当形式填空)
72. The course is intended to educate people about the ___________ (destroy) effects of alcohol abuse. (所给词的适当形式填空)
73. Stories have spread about his__________ (generous) and the huge amounts of money he donated to the charity. (所给词的适当形式填空)
74. ________ the Internet brings many valuable advantages, being connected has its problems. （用适当词填空）
75. The Lunar New Year, or Spring Festival, has been officially listed as a UN floating holiday in its calendar of conferences from 2024, ___________ is welcomed by the UN’s member countries. (用适当的词填空)
第四节 完成句子(共10小题;每小题1分，满分10分)
每空一词，注意词的正确形式。每题所有空格都填对得1分。
76. 亚马逊雨林通过固定碳和产生氧气，使得地球生生不息。
The Amazon rainforest ________ ________ ________ the planet by fixing carbon and producing oxygen.
77. 出于好奇，有些青少年尝试抽电子烟，转而电子烟又伤害他们的身心健康。
Out of curiosity, some teenagers try smoking e-cigarettes, which ________ _________damage their physical and mental health.
78. 不负韶华，未来可期。
Make the best of each day, and a promising future is lying ________ ________ ________ you.
79. 她立刻意识到这些是海啸来临的征兆。
It immediately________ ________ her that these were signs of an approaching tsunami.
80. 通常，研究结果以图表、报告的形式呈现。
Generally, the result of a research ________ _________ ________ _________ graphs, charts and reports.
81. 在某种程度上，我们能随时了解全世界的知识。
____________ ____________ ____________ ____________， the world's knowledge is all at our fingers.
82. 新政减少了学生的在校时间，大大减轻了我们的学业负担。
The new policies have ________ _________ ________ the amount of time students spend in school, which has greatly lightened our academic burden.
83. 通过使用搜索引擎，我们可以在数秒之内调出几百万条信息。
Millions of results can be _________ ________ in seconds by using a search engine.
84. 我们要抛弃那种想要找到归属感就必须取悦他人的想法！
We must ________ _________ ________ the idea that we should please others to find a sense of belonging!
85. 观众爆发出雷鸣般的掌声，我意识到我表演成功了。
I realized it was a successful performance with a thunderous applause ________ _______ from the audience.
第四部分 书面表达—应用文写作 (满分20分)
86. 为了提高学生珍惜地球和保护环境的意识，上周日你校举办了一场主题为“人与自然和谐共生”的英语演讲比赛，请你为校广播台写一则英文报道，内容包括：
(1) 举办英语演讲比赛的目的；
(2) 介绍演讲比赛的活动过程；
(3) 活动反响。
注意：
(1)写作词数应为80左右；
(2)可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯;
(3)参考词汇：人与自然和谐共生— harmonious coexistence between man and nature。
Harmonious Coexistence Between Man and Nature
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