2023-2024学年小升初英语专项考点梳理：句式 知识清单
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| 名称 | 2023-2024学年小升初英语专项考点梳理：句式 知识清单 |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2024-05-21 14:33:32 | ||
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句 式
一．考点精讲
1. 陈述句肯定形式变否定形式
类别 方法 示例
谓语动词为be动词(am, is, are, was, were) 在be动词后直接+ not He is a student. →He isn’t a student.
He was a teacher before. →He wasn’t a teacher before.
谓语动词含有情态动词(can, will, must, should…) 在情态动词后直接+ not He can play football well. →He can’t play football well.
谓语动词为实义动词，且没有情态动词、助动词 在谓语动词(务必用动词原形)前+ don’t (原形用)；doesn’t (三单用)；didn’t (过去时用) I like apples. →I don’t like apples.
He likes apples. →He doesn’t like apples.
I liked apples before. →I didn’t like apples before.
Tips: not与其他词连在一起时，一般写为缩略形式，但am not不缩写。
常见缩略形式如下：
is not = isn’t are not = aren’t was not = wasn’t were not = weren’t
do not = don’t does not = doesn’t did not = didn’t have not = haven’t
has not = hasn’t should not = shouldn’t must not = mustn’t need not = needn’t
can not = can’t will not = won’t
2. 陈述句变一般疑问句
类别 方法 示例
谓语动词为be动词(am, is, are, was, were) 第一步：把be动词放在句首 ( I am/We are改为Are you; I was/We were改为Were you)第二步：句号改问号 He is kind. →Is he kind I am a student. →Are you a student
Mike was thin before. →Was Mike thin before
谓语动词含有情态动词(can, will, must, should…) 第一步：把情态动词放在句首第二步：句号改问号(注意人称的变换) I can sing. →Can you sing I’d like some tomatoes. →Would you like some tomatoes
谓语动词为实义动词，且没有情态动词、助动词 第一步：在句首加Do/Does/Did,后用动词原形第二步：句号改问号(注意人称的变换) I go to school on foot. →Do you go to school on foot
He goes to school on foot. →Does he go to school on foot
I went to school on foot. →Did you go to school on foot
Tips: 在一般疑问句时，注意人称的变换 I,we改为you; my, our改为your 除了“Can I…？” “Would you like …？” 这两种的some不用改为any之外，其余疑问句中的some要改为any。
3. 陈述句变特殊疑问句
类别 特殊疑问句 示例
问人 Who He is my father. → Who is he
问谁的…… Whose It is Amy’s book. → Whose book is it
问时间 WhenWhat time I get up at six. → When do you get up It’s six o’clock. → What time is it
问位置 Where The boy is under the tree. → Where is the boy
问原因 Why I like summer because I can swim. → Why do you like summer
问选择 Which I liked the red pen. → Which pen do you like
问事、物 What This is an orange. → What is this I often watch TV. → What do you often do
问爱好 What I like singing and dancing. → What are your hobbies
问颜色 What colour The bag is black. → What colour is the bag
问星期 What day Today is Monday. → What day is today
问季节 WhichWhat I like summer best. → Which season do you like best My favorite season is spring → What is your favorite season
问交通方式 How I go to school on foot. → How do you go to school
问年龄 How old My sister is 12 years old. → How old is your sister
问数量 How many There are ten apples on the tree. → How many apples are there on the tree
问价钱 How much The shoes are 60 yuan. → How much are the shoes
问体重 How heavy The girl is 35kg. → How heavy is the girl
问身高 How tall I’m 1.54 metres. → How tall are you
4. 陈述句变感叹句
方法 示例
① 找出句子中最后面的单词，看看是名词还是形容词（副词），名词用What，形容词（副词）用How② 把What / How 放在句首，接着写be动词/动词后面的单词，再写be动词/动词前面的单词和be动词/动词，最后加上感叹号 ① She is a tall girl. (女孩，名词，用What)→ What a tall girl she is ! (多么高的女孩啊！)② They are kind teachers. (老师，名词，用What)→ What kind teachers they are ! (多么和蔼的老师们啊！)③ The story is funny. (有趣的，形容词，用How)→ How funny the story is ! (多么有趣的故事啊！)④ The man drives fast. (快，副词，用How)→ How fast the man drives! (这个男人开车开得好快啊！)
5. 祈使句
类别 形式 示例
肯定祈使句 ① 谓语动词是动词原形 Stand up.
② be +名词短语或形容词 ① Be a good boy. ② Be careful
③ let + 宾格 + 动词原形 Let me help you.
否定祈使句 以动词原形和be开头的直接在句首+ Don’t Sit down, please. → Don’t sit down, pleaseBe sad. → Don’t be sad.
以please开头的祈使句在please后+ don’t Please stop. → Please don’t stop.
③ let开头的祈使句有两种变化A. 直接在let前 + Don’tB. Let + 宾语 + not Let’s go to school.→ Don’t let’s go to school.→ Let’s not go to school.
④ no开头的祈使句 No finishing. No swimming.
6. there be句型与have句型
类别 主要用法 例句
There be（有）表示某地有某物/某人 ① There be + 某物/某人+某地. There is a boy near the lake.
②当句子出现几个并列主语时，谓语动词的单复数要与最接近be动词的那个主语的单复数保持一致，即“就近原则” There is an egg and some apples on the table.There are some apples and an egg on the table.
③ There be + not + 某物/某人+某地. There are not any children in the classroom.
④ Is / Are there + 某物/某人+某地 Is there any water in the cup
⑤ 询问某地有什么时用“ What + be动词 + 地点？” There is a kite in the tree.→ What’s in the tree (there通常省略)
have / has（有）表示某人/某物有某物 除了主语为第三人称单数谓语动词用has外，其余的用have ①I have many books.②Tom has some oranges.③A horse has four legs.
一．考点精讲
1. 陈述句肯定形式变否定形式
类别 方法 示例
谓语动词为be动词(am, is, are, was, were) 在be动词后直接+ not He is a student. →He isn’t a student.
He was a teacher before. →He wasn’t a teacher before.
谓语动词含有情态动词(can, will, must, should…) 在情态动词后直接+ not He can play football well. →He can’t play football well.
谓语动词为实义动词，且没有情态动词、助动词 在谓语动词(务必用动词原形)前+ don’t (原形用)；doesn’t (三单用)；didn’t (过去时用) I like apples. →I don’t like apples.
He likes apples. →He doesn’t like apples.
I liked apples before. →I didn’t like apples before.
Tips: not与其他词连在一起时，一般写为缩略形式，但am not不缩写。
常见缩略形式如下：
is not = isn’t are not = aren’t was not = wasn’t were not = weren’t
do not = don’t does not = doesn’t did not = didn’t have not = haven’t
has not = hasn’t should not = shouldn’t must not = mustn’t need not = needn’t
can not = can’t will not = won’t
2. 陈述句变一般疑问句
类别 方法 示例
谓语动词为be动词(am, is, are, was, were) 第一步：把be动词放在句首 ( I am/We are改为Are you; I was/We were改为Were you)第二步：句号改问号 He is kind. →Is he kind I am a student. →Are you a student
Mike was thin before. →Was Mike thin before
谓语动词含有情态动词(can, will, must, should…) 第一步：把情态动词放在句首第二步：句号改问号(注意人称的变换) I can sing. →Can you sing I’d like some tomatoes. →Would you like some tomatoes
谓语动词为实义动词，且没有情态动词、助动词 第一步：在句首加Do/Does/Did,后用动词原形第二步：句号改问号(注意人称的变换) I go to school on foot. →Do you go to school on foot
He goes to school on foot. →Does he go to school on foot
I went to school on foot. →Did you go to school on foot
Tips: 在一般疑问句时，注意人称的变换 I,we改为you; my, our改为your 除了“Can I…？” “Would you like …？” 这两种的some不用改为any之外，其余疑问句中的some要改为any。
3. 陈述句变特殊疑问句
类别 特殊疑问句 示例
问人 Who He is my father. → Who is he
问谁的…… Whose It is Amy’s book. → Whose book is it
问时间 WhenWhat time I get up at six. → When do you get up It’s six o’clock. → What time is it
问位置 Where The boy is under the tree. → Where is the boy
问原因 Why I like summer because I can swim. → Why do you like summer
问选择 Which I liked the red pen. → Which pen do you like
问事、物 What This is an orange. → What is this I often watch TV. → What do you often do
问爱好 What I like singing and dancing. → What are your hobbies
问颜色 What colour The bag is black. → What colour is the bag
问星期 What day Today is Monday. → What day is today
问季节 WhichWhat I like summer best. → Which season do you like best My favorite season is spring → What is your favorite season
问交通方式 How I go to school on foot. → How do you go to school
问年龄 How old My sister is 12 years old. → How old is your sister
问数量 How many There are ten apples on the tree. → How many apples are there on the tree
问价钱 How much The shoes are 60 yuan. → How much are the shoes
问体重 How heavy The girl is 35kg. → How heavy is the girl
问身高 How tall I’m 1.54 metres. → How tall are you
4. 陈述句变感叹句
方法 示例
① 找出句子中最后面的单词，看看是名词还是形容词（副词），名词用What，形容词（副词）用How② 把What / How 放在句首，接着写be动词/动词后面的单词，再写be动词/动词前面的单词和be动词/动词，最后加上感叹号 ① She is a tall girl. (女孩，名词，用What)→ What a tall girl she is ! (多么高的女孩啊！)② They are kind teachers. (老师，名词，用What)→ What kind teachers they are ! (多么和蔼的老师们啊！)③ The story is funny. (有趣的，形容词，用How)→ How funny the story is ! (多么有趣的故事啊！)④ The man drives fast. (快，副词，用How)→ How fast the man drives! (这个男人开车开得好快啊！)
5. 祈使句
类别 形式 示例
肯定祈使句 ① 谓语动词是动词原形 Stand up.
② be +名词短语或形容词 ① Be a good boy. ② Be careful
③ let + 宾格 + 动词原形 Let me help you.
否定祈使句 以动词原形和be开头的直接在句首+ Don’t Sit down, please. → Don’t sit down, pleaseBe sad. → Don’t be sad.
以please开头的祈使句在please后+ don’t Please stop. → Please don’t stop.
③ let开头的祈使句有两种变化A. 直接在let前 + Don’tB. Let + 宾语 + not Let’s go to school.→ Don’t let’s go to school.→ Let’s not go to school.
④ no开头的祈使句 No finishing. No swimming.
6. there be句型与have句型
类别 主要用法 例句
There be（有）表示某地有某物/某人 ① There be + 某物/某人+某地. There is a boy near the lake.
②当句子出现几个并列主语时，谓语动词的单复数要与最接近be动词的那个主语的单复数保持一致，即“就近原则” There is an egg and some apples on the table.There are some apples and an egg on the table.
③ There be + not + 某物/某人+某地. There are not any children in the classroom.
④ Is / Are there + 某物/某人+某地 Is there any water in the cup
⑤ 询问某地有什么时用“ What + be动词 + 地点？” There is a kite in the tree.→ What’s in the tree (there通常省略)
have / has（有）表示某人/某物有某物 除了主语为第三人称单数谓语动词用has外，其余的用have ①I have many books.②Tom has some oranges.③A horse has four legs.