2024年人教版中考英语总复习题型-翻译题做题技巧 专题训练1（含答案）

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
翻译题做题技巧+专题训练1
出题形式
1.以一篇短文的形式出现:
3个：英译汉
2个：汉译英
2.考纲要求
考查对中西文化差异的了解；
对常用短语、习惯用语和重要句型的运用；
对句子结构、语法知识的掌握
对简单的翻译技巧的掌握。
二、考查重点
1、 各类重要句型结构（定语从句等）
2、搭配（动词短语，名词短语）、
3、重点词的用法及习惯表达、
4、主要语法规则及其运用等
5、简单的翻译技巧（省略、补充，词义选择引申、词性转换、长句拆分、逆序翻译等）。
三、解题指导
1.通读短文，了解大意。
2.分析要求翻译的句子的结构、类型、时态
3.调序、润色。
4.切不可逐字逐句地翻译
四．翻译方法与技巧
如何汉译英
考查点有：①五大基本句型；②含动词短语；③特殊句型类（如there be句型、祈使句）；④状语从句；⑤含固定搭配。因此，考生在做题时，可参考以下步骤：
1. 辨结构：首先分析句子结构，判断该句的考查点：
①五大基本句型：如果该句中只有一个主语和谓语，那么该句为简单句，即句子的结构可以为：主+谓+宾/主+系+表（+其它）；
②含动词短语：根据汉语意思可以确定应使用哪些动词短语。如：句中出现“放弃”，则应使用动词短语“give up”，出现“交朋友”，应使用“make friends”； ③特殊句型类（如there be句型、祈使句）：根据汉语意思判断应使用哪种特殊句型。如：汉语句子中出现“某处有某物”的表达，应使用there be句型，若出现“让我们做……吧”，用祈使句“let’s do sth.”；
④状语从句：判断句子是否为状语从句。若句子中出现“假如、因为、当……时候，即使”等表达，且句中有两个主语和两个谓语，则用状语从句
⑤含固定搭配（如不定式）：根据汉语意思明确要使用的固定搭配，如：句子中出现“尽力做……”，可判断应使用“try to do sth.”。
2. 译主干：翻译各部分的主干，利用“连词成句”的方法来翻译句子。连词成句时切勿遗漏连接词、修饰语等，注意英语的表达习惯以及英汉两种语言表达的差异，不要逐词翻译。
3. 核答案：包括句式结构、词汇的变化形式（如单三形式、过去式、过去分词、现在分词等）、时态及语态、单词拼写、字母大小写、标点等是否正确无误。
如何英译汉
考查句式以状语从句、宾语从句为主。命题点主要有介词短语（如with the help of）、形容词短语（如be supposed to do）、动词短语（如think about）、比较级结构（than）、动词不定式（如allow sb. to do sth.）（4年4考）、句型类（It’s+adj.+for sb.+to do sth.）。（4年6考）考生在翻译时，可参考以下方法：
1. 分析句 子结构。①若是复合句（状语从句、宾语从句），首先找到句子主干，找出连接词，理清修饰成分；②若是简单句（五大基本句型、祈使句、感叹句等），则要注意各句式的翻译特点（如祈使句一般直接以动词开头、感叹句译为“多么……啊！”）；③若是固定句型、短语，则要熟记句型、短语的含义。
2. 注意表达通顺、符合逻辑。在翻译的过程中，应注意两种语言的差异，遵循汉语习惯，或长句变短句，或在语序上做调整等，切忌将句子译成英式汉语。此处需要考生在把英语转换为汉语的同时，具备扎实的汉语功底。
3. 核对检查。对翻译好的句子和原句进行核对，确保两者一致。注意人称、数字、日期等是否一致，是否有错别字等。
真题演练
2023年长沙
The Great Wall of China, like the Pyramids of Egypt,the Taj Mahal in India and the Hanging Gardens of Babylon, is one of the great wonders of the world.66.它是世界上最长的城墙。
The Great Wall has a long history of more than 2,300 years.67. It was rebuilt many times.
It runs across North China like a huge dragon. It winds its way from west to east, across deserts, through mountains, till finally it reaches the sea. And it is quite tall and wide. There are no other man-made objects as big as this.
The Great Wall is unique (独特的). It is one of the symbols of China.68. 有很多关于长城的故事。 For
example,Meng JiangnvWeeping over the Great Wall is a sad but touching love story. From the story, we learn that the Great Wall was made not only of stone and earth, but of flesh(肉) and blood.
69.The Great Wall is not just a wall.The walls were connected by a system(系统) of watch- towers. These were used not only to stop the enemy's attack (攻击) but also to communicate with the then capital by signal.
No trip to China is complete without visiting the Great Wall. 70. Today the Great Wall is a must-see. Its size and beauty will take your breath away. A tour to the Great Wall will give you a taste of China's history and will provide you with the journey of a lifetime! Just as the Chinese saying goes,"He who doesn't reach the Great Wall is not a true man."
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2022年长沙
When people say Chinese culture, we often think of paper cutting. 66. Paper cutting is an art form with a long history in China. Traditional paper-cuts were first put on windows for decoration(装饰). That is why paper-cuts are also called “window flowers”. Most paper-cuts are made of red paper, because red means good luck in Chinese culture. Today, people use paper-cuts to decorate not only windows, but also doors and other furniture(家具). 67. Sometimes, people use them as gifts.
Paper-cuts are popular because of their expressions of good wishes and hopes. During the Spring Festival, for example, many people put up paper-cuts of the Chinese character(汉字) “Fu” upside down on the door. 68. 他们希望这会给他们带来好运。 At wedding ceremonies(婚礼), you can always see paper-cuts of the character “Xi”. It means that the new couple can enjoy happiness together.
Paper cutting has developed into different styles in different parts of China. 69. Paper-cuts from the north of China usually have interesting shapes. In southern China, people prefer paper-cuts with the themes(主题) of flowers, fruit, birds and fish.
70. 学习剪纸非常容易。 With a piece of paper and a knife or a pair of scissors, you can try to make your own paper-cuts. Although paper cutting is easy to start with, you need a lot of practice and imagination to become really good at it.
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2021年长沙
Yangge is a kind of traditional Chinese folk (民间的) dance. The performers (表演者) dance to music with handkerchiefs (手帕) or fans in their hands. 1. It’s a very popular festival activity in north China.
Yangge may have different forms from place to place, but all of them express happiness. 2. 很多人非常喜欢秧歌。Most dancers are young men and young women. Some are even old ladies. Almost every village in northern Shaanxi Province has yangge teams. 3. They begin to prepare yangge even a month before the Chinese New Year. During the Spring Festival, the yangge teams pay New Year’s calls from house to house.
4. They wish people a happy New Year by dancing yangge in the streets. Some young men often play the drums, and the performers wave red silk bands (挥舞红绸带). People set off firecrackers (鞭炮) to welcome the dancers. 5. 他们邀请表演者品尝自制食物。The sounds of songs, drums and firecrackers form an air of festivity in the village.
Nowadays, yangge has spread into city parks, streets and squares, and it has developed into a kind of popular exercise for city people.
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（2020长沙）
Lots of young people have never experienced home-life. Meals are cooked and clothes are washed as if by magic! 65. 我们知道很多孩子不会洗衣做饭。They don't clean the floor, make the bed or slice（切）the meat. Yes, they have homework but often no housework. But how are you ever going to learn the practical skills you will need in later life if everything is done for you A change is coming. 66. In China, schools are now thinking about teaching life skills as a subject. We all need to prepare for real life, especially the housework. 67. 我父母拥有这些技能,但他们却忘记教我了。At university, I had to learn to shop, prepare my food and cook meals. I wish my parents or my teachers had taught me all of them before! Now, I feel very confident （信心）in running a home. I especially enjoy cooking.
68. Some people might say you can order food or book services online. In fact, good life skills will make you a better student, a better workmate and a better family member in your life. Making a meal needs good planning, skillful cooking, control of temperature and a good nose! It makes you smarter!
All this needs to start early. 69. If you don't have practical life skills, your education will be incomplete. One day, you will wonder why you have no clean socks, and why some of your best friends can cook a delicious meal but you cannot!
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（2019长沙）
Do you enjoy hitting the books It doesn’t mean you enjoy beating your books with your hand. That may be reasonable if you don’t understand something inside your books. Hitting the books just means that you are studying hard. You can learn a lot when you hit the books. 65．Especially before exams, most students spend a lot of time hitting the books to get good grades.
This is just one example of expressions that can’t be understood by taking them apart（分开）word by word. Expressions like this are called idioms（习语）. They are an important part of a culture’s language. Languages and cultures are closely connected. One example of an idiom in the Chinese language is “dui niu tan qin”, or “to play the lute（拨弦乐器）to a cow.” 66. 这意味着某人在说话或写作时不考虑其听众或读者。
Let’s get back to idioms that begin with the word “hit”. 67. There are many of them in English, but it’s not that easy for you to understand.
One common idiom you may hear in English is “hit the road”. It means to leave or to go. You can say, “Hey, I need to hit the road. Can we talk about this another time ” Or simply, “It’s time to hit the road.” When you are tired and you want to go to bed, you can say, “I need to hit the hay（干草）.” It means you want to go to sleep. 68．That’s because a bed was often a big bag with hay inside in the past.
69. 习语使你的语言生动而有趣。 Let’s hit the road to learn some and try to use them.
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（2018长沙）
People have been trying to find out if homework is good or bad for school children， and they have different opinions．
65．Some people think that homework is an important part of learning for students．They believe it not only enables children to practice what they have learned in class， but also helps improve their handwriting．They also say that homework helps teach children how to work on their own．66．Also， it's a skill which is useful to them in future life．
Others disagree， though．67．他们认为家庭作业给孩子们太多的压力．And the time spent on homework could have been used to do other activities like reading and playing sports．To back up their opinion， they give the example of Finland（芬兰）．68．在芬兰， 学生几乎没什么作业．But the country remains one of the most educationally successful countries in the world．
Here is my point of view（观点） on this matter．69．Whether the homework is good or bad depends on the purpose of it．If there is no clear reason for giving homework， the students won't get anything from doing it， so it should not be set．However， I still believe that homework can really help with children's learning， if teachers clearly tell them why they should do the homework and let them know how they have done in their homework．
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（2017长沙）
Starting high school can be difficult. Everyone is nervous and nobody knows where to go for classes
Thinking about making new friends might make you feel nervous. too. 66. 但是别担心，因为你不是孤身一人。You are going to school with a group of students of your age, and we
have several tips (贴士)for you to follow.
Forget your fear and just talk to someone.
67.It is easier said than done. But try to take a deep breath and find your voice. Don't be afraid to approach(接近 ）people. Introduce yourself and
start a conversation about something you have in common. Sit in the middle of the c1assroom with as many new friends around you as possible.
Join clubs.
Take part in after—schoo1 activities that interest you. 68. 尽量在俱乐部里交朋友。If you don't join anything.you will be just going to c1ass and then going home. Being in a club makes you more socia1
Stay c1ean.
No one lies a bad smell that could knock someone over. Shower every day,brush your teeth and wash your hair. 69.You are supposed to make yourself loo c1ean and tidy, whatever you wear. Be respectful (尊重的)of people's differences.
70. Everyone has his or her own opinion of the world. And everyone be1ieves in different things. It's a good thing to have different friends with different opinions because you can each share your own.
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（2016长沙）
Reading an English newspaper is a good way to improve a student’s language ability. As there are many useful and common words in an English newspaper, it may help students increase their vocabulary（词汇量）as well as improve their reading skills. 66.他们可以从报纸上学到新的知识。 But what is the proper way to read an English newspaper Do students need to look over all the content（内容）of the newspaper
The first step is to choose a right newspaper with good language. Then turn to the front page and read the headlines（标题）to know what has happened. As the most important things are put on the front page, it’s easy to find out what you’re interested in and then turn to the page to read it completely. 67. There is no need to go through all the articles.
Secondly, read newspapers every day. Remember words through context（上下文）, in which these words may appear repeatedly. 68. Once they appear several times, you will remember them easily. Don’t look up every unknown word in your dictionary. You can try to guess the meaning between sentences. 69.如果你的猜测错了，不要放弃。 Keep reading, and you will become familiar with the words after reading them several times in different texts.
Reading English newspapers makes us knowledgeable. 70. It can not only help us know what is happening in the world but also improve our language.
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（2015长沙）
What are magic words Words like “thank you”, “please” and “sorry” can work wonders in our daily life. These polite expressions are used every day in American— among strangers, between friends or with family. 66. People with good manners always communicate with others well by using these magic words.
What should you do when you receive a gift for your birthday 67. 你最好坐下来写一封感谢信。68. The words “Thank you” are very important and used very often. We say them when someone hands us a letter, passes us a book, offers us a drink, or lends us an umbrella.
“Please” is another important word, but many people forget to use it. It is not polite to ask someone for help without saying “please”. 69. We are supposed to use it when we ask for something, too. It may be a book, a pen, or more milk. It may be in the classroom, at home, or at the bus stop. We can use “please” to make a request(请求) pleasant.
70. 我们也应该学会说“对不起”。If we have hurt someone’s feeling, we will have to say “sorry”. When we have told a lie and regret it, the same word should be used. Sometimes we have forgotten something or broken a promise, so we need to explain with the word as a beginning. “Sorry” is such a word that can make people forget wrongs.
“Thank you! Please! Sorry!” — these words are simple but useful. Man said them long ago. We use them now. So will our kids.
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（2014长沙）
Sometimes you feel busy and worried. 66.你可能有许多事情要做，时间却不够。You may wonder, “ Where does time go ” Here are some ideas to help you make use of it and find more free time to enjoy your life.
Plan ahead of time. 67. It’s necessary for you to make a plan at the beginning of a week or a day. Think of what you really need and don’t need to do. Spare（匀出）some time to have a short rest and look back on what you’ve done. You may have a sense of success.[]
Say no to yourself. If you are not excited about attending（出席）a social activity, then don’t go. 68.呆在家里休息。If you plan to go to a supermarket but it is raining heavily, why not stay inside It’s fine to change your mind and do your shopping another day.
Change your pace（节奏). If you usually go shopping on Saturday, choose a weekday night to go instead. 69.The stores are less crowded on Wednesday evening than Saturday afternoon. You can feel better if you regard your way home as taking a relaxing walk after supper.
Focus on（关注）simple pleasures. 70.When your day’s work is done, it’s time to get yourself relaxed. A pleasant bath, a cup of coffee or a gentle song can be enough. Although expensive relaxation is nice, when you focus on simple pleasures, you’ll get more.
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（2020长郡双语雅境二模）
Nowadays, many parents don' t require kids to help with household chores.However, kids will finally grow up someday, leaving their parents and facing the challenges in life. Parents may not be able to solve every problem for them.
65. Instead, they should have enough life skills to deal with the problems that appear in their life. Actually, young children in primary school should learn to take care of themselves in daily life. Older children should help parents do housework.66.对年长的孩子来说，学会与人沟通交流也是有必要的.As for students in middle school, they should develop qualities such as being responsible and strong.
This is what our country tries to do: Helping more students gain working spirit.To stress the importance of hardworking spirit education(劳动教育)among students of different ages,Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council have released(发布) a guideline(指导方针）recently.The guideline called for teaching the students to respect working and training scientific spirit for them.67.Actually,the government has been stressing the importance of hardworking spirit education. But this has been ignore in recent years. As a result. some teenagers don’t cherish the fruits of hard work and are not interested in working hard.
“68.学校和家庭在教育学生怎样努力工作方面发挥着重要作用.”the guideline says. Primary and middle schools should provide students with hardworking spirit classes every week, according to the guideline.69. Schools can also hold activities to give students real-world work experience. For example, schools can teach children how to plant trees on Tree Planting Day. As children’s first teachers, Parents should also encourage children to learn how to do chores at home.Students should master one or two life skills every year. These skills can include cooking, washing their own clothes and tidying their rooms.
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（长沙市一中集团2019-2020-2初三英语七校学情调研）
People in different countries speak different languages. 65. But is there a language that can be understood by everyone in the world If there is, the answer might be EMOJIS(表情符号).
Emojis are a kind of special language. Pictures are used to put meaning across. A group called the Unicode Consortium works on choosing emojis. It has added new emojis every year since 2014.66他们表明了人们思考和喜欢的事情.
Emojis can be used to stand for different groups of people. In 2015, emoji faces with different colors of skin were added. In 2016, emojis of different jobs were added, such as doctor, police officer and painter. 67. This year, emojis of disabled people were added including emojis of blind people and people in wheelchairs.
But there is also more to emojis. They can also refer to pop culture and new culture fashion.
New emojis in 2019 also include several animals, such as sloths(树懒）and flamingos(火烈鸟).68这些动物不是很常见，但是被许多人所熟知。 For example，sloths have become popular because of the 20l6 film Zootopia(《疯狂动物城》)
Many fashion designers(设计师) have included flamingos in their designs in recent years. This animal makes people feel like they’re on a vacation.
It seems that emojis are a mirror of the world we live in. 69. It will be interesting to see how they change and grow in the years to come.
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参考答案
基础题组：
2023年长沙
It Is the longest wall round the world.
长城被重建很多次。
There are many stories about the Great Wall.
长城不仅是城墙。
如今，长城是一个必看的景点。
2022年长沙
66. 剪纸在中国是一种历史悠久的艺术形式。
67. 有时，人们用 它们 / 剪纸 作为礼物。
68. They hope (that) it will bring them good luck.
69. 中国北方的剪纸通常有着有趣的形状。
70. It’s very / quite / pretty easy to learn paper cutting.
2021年长沙
46. 它在中国北方是一个非常流行的节日活动。
47. Many/A lot of/Lots of people like Yangge very much.
48. 甚至在中国新年前一个月，他们就开始准备秧歌了。
49. 他们通过在街上跳秧歌来祝福人们新年快乐。
50. They invite performers to taste/try the food made by themselves./They invite performers to taste/try the food which/that is made by themselves. /They invite performers to taste/try self-made/homemade food.
（2020长沙）
65. We know that many children can’t wash clothes or cook.
66. 在中国,学校现在在考虑把教授生活技能当做一门学科。
67. My parents have these skills, but they forgot to teach me.
68. 一些人也许会说你可以在网上点餐或者预定服务。
69. 如果你没有实际的生活技能,你的教育就是不完整的。
（2019长沙）
65.尤其在考试前，大多数学生为了取得好成绩而花许多时间努力学习。
66.It means someone speaks or writes without considering his listeners or readers.
67.英语中有很多这样的习语，但理解起来并不那么容易。
68.那是因为在过去床常常是填充着干草的大袋子。
69.Idioms make your language lively and interesting.
（2018长沙）
65. 一些人认为家庭作业是学生学习的一个重要部分。
66. 而且，这是一种对他们未来生活有用的技能。
67. They think homework puts too much stress on children.
68. In Finland, students have little homework.
69.家庭作业的好坏取决于其目的。
（2017长沙）
66.But don't worry, because you are not a1one.
67.说起容易做起难。
68. Try to mae friends in the c1ubs.
69.无论你穿什么, 都应该使自己看上去干净整洁。
70. 每个人对世界都有自己的看法。
（2016长沙）
66．They can learn new knowledge from newspapers.
67．没有必要浏览完所有的文章。
68．一旦这些词出现多次，你就能轻而易举地记住它们了。
69．If your guess is wrong, don’t give up.
70．读报不仅能帮助我们了解时事，而且还能提高我们的语言水平。
（2015长沙）
66. 有好习惯的人经常通过使用这些有魔力的词汇与别人很好的交流。.
67. You’d better sit down and write a thank-you note.
68. “谢谢”这类词非常重要并且经常被使用。
69. 当我们需要某些东西的时候，我们也应该使用它
70. We should learn to say sorry too.
（2014长沙）
66.You may have a lot things to do but you don’t have enough time.
67.在每天或者每周的开端做一个计划对于你来说很有必要。
68.You can stay at home and have a rest.
69.商店在星期三晚上没有星期六下午拥堵。
70.当你一天的工作都完成了，是时候放松自己了。
（2020长郡双语雅境二模）
65.反而他们应该有足够的生活技能来应对出现在他们生活中的问题.
66.It is also necessary for older children to learn to communicate with people.
67.实际上政府一直以来都在强调劳动教育的重要性.
68.Schools and families play an important role in teaching students how to work hard。
69.学校也可以举办给学生提供真实工作体验的活动.
（长沙市一中集团2020初三英语七校学情调研）
但是世上有一种语言是被每个人所理解的吗？
They show what people think about and like.
今年增加了残疾人的表情符号，包括盲人和坐轮椅的人的表情符号。
These animals are not very common but are known to many people.
在未来的几年里看看他们是如何变化和成长的将会很有趣。
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