2024年中考语法宾语从句精讲&专项练习讲义（含答案）

2024中考语法宾语从句精讲&专项练习
宾语从句就是置于动词、介词等词后面起宾语作用的句子。
I know him.
I know (that) he is a good man.
宾语从句的连词（引导词）
1、当宾语从句是陈述句时，由连词that引导，因为that在从句中不作任何成分，也没有任何具体意思，因此在口语或非正式文体中常省略。
Jacky feels (that) his own ability is better.
Jim thought (that) the train was like a big moving matchbox.
2、当宾语从句是一般疑问句时，由连词whether或if引导（口语中常用if），因为 if/whether翻译成：“是否”，具有一定的意义，所以不能省略。
She asked me if she could borrow these books.
Let's see whether we can find out some information about the city.
3、当宾语从句是特殊疑问句时，由连接代词（what, who, whom, which, whose）或连接副词（when, where, how, why）引导，因为连接代词或连接副词在从句中担任一定的句子成分，具有一定的意义，所以不能省略。
Do you know what he said just now？
I asked him where I could get so much money？
4、带how的词组也都可以引导宾语从句
Could you tell us how much it costs to fly to Hainan？
Could you tell us how long the meeting will last？
I don't know how far it is to the cinema？
Please tell us how soon you will be ready？
Can you tell us how old his brother is？
Could you tell us how often you go abroad for a holiday？
5、在主句为动词be加某些形容词（如sorry, sure, afraid, glad等）作表语时，后面所跟的可以省略that的从句，也可算是宾语从句。
I'm sorry (that) I don't know
We're sure (that) our team will win.
I'm afraid (that) he won't pass the exam.
We're happy (that) you can come.
宾语从句的语序
宾语从句的语序用陈述语序
His brother asks when he will go to the library？
I don't know what he wants to buy.
Can you tell me who we are going to meet？
宾语从句的时态
1、如果主句是现在的时态（包括一般现在时，现在进行时，现在完成时），从句的时态可根据实际情况而定（包括一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时，现在完成时等）。
I know he lives here.
I know he lived here ten years ago.
I have heard that he will come tomorrow.
2、如果主句是过去的时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时），那么从句的时态一定要用相对应的过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）。
I knew who lived here.
I saw she was talking with her mother.
He said that he had seen the movie.
3、当从句是客观真理，定义，公理，定理时用一般现在时。
The teacher said that the earth travels around the sun.
宾语从句的注意事项
1、could / would是委婉语气，而不是过去式，因此宾语从句的时态根据实际情况用不同时态。
Could you please tell me where I can buy the tickets？
Could you tell us when he will come back？
2、如果主句的谓语动词是ask时，连词不可能是that；如果主句的谓语动词是say时，连词用that。
He asks if I like playing the piano？
He said (that) he would take care of the child.
You may ask the man over there how you can get to the bus station.
3、如果从句中含有or或or not时，只能用whether而不用if.
Could you tell me whether that's a fast train or not
I don't care whether he'll stay here or not.
4、连词if和when在不同从句中的区别：
Do you know if he will come back next week？If he comes back, please let me know.
I don't know when he will come. I can't wait here any more. When he comes, would you please ask him to call me
5、连词+宾语从句可改写为连词+to do的形式。
I don't know what I shall do next.
I don't know what to do next.
She didn't decide which one she would choose.
She didn't decide which one to choose.
Please tell me whom you'll give the letter to.
Please tell me whom to give the letter to.
宾语从句专项练习
单项选择
1.At junior high, I was wondering ________ my senior high was going to be like.
A. what B. how C. which D. while
2.—I wonder with ______ Mary went to the concert.
—Her cousin, Tony.
A.who B.whose C.whom D.which
3.He, a kind person, always thinks about _______ he can do to help the people in trouble.
A.how B.what C.why D.which
4.Have you asked him ____he is going to the party tonight with us
A.which B.whether C.what D.that
5.I wonder ____ that brought the Olympic back to life.
A. who it was B. who was it C. it was who D. was it who
6.You should explore your talents so as to find out ________ your real interests lie.
A.what B.which C.where D.that
7.Experts believe_______ people can waste less food by shopping only when it is necessary.
A. why B. where C. that D. what
8.My cousin brought out all her four evening dresses and told me to take _____ I liked.
A. whatever B. whichever C. wherever D. however
9.High school students will be better aware of _____ the real world is like by participating in community service.
A. whether B. why C. what D. which
10.—I have to say that's a wonderful plan. But I wonder ______. Next month Or next year
—We don't have that much time, I'm afraid.
A. how soon it will be carried out B. how long it will be carried out
C. how soon will it be carried out D. how long will it be carried out
二．填空。
1.A new school will be built in ________ is a bankrupt factory now.
2.One must know _____ an object was made in order to preserve it.
3.He didn't take in ________ he read because his mind was on something else.
4.Now I know _____ I am! I'm Tyson's little brother, but that's only part of my identity.
5.You can find out ________ or not they are prepared to share the cost of the flowers with you.
6.I hope it will turn fine this weekend and _______ every one of you will come to my birthday party.
7.I often see the preview of a film on the Internet so that I can decide _____ or not I will see it.
8.She asked me ______ I had returned the books to the library，and I admitted that I hadn't.
9.Von Wong hopes _____ his work will also help pressure big companies to reduce their plastic footprint.
10.He added that the present plan would be discussed the next day and _____ the new one would come up the next week.
答案：
一．
1.答案：A
解析：考查宾语从句。句意：初中的时候，我一直在想我的高中会是什么样子。空处引导宾语从句，从句缺少介词like后面的宾语，表示"什么样子"应用what来引导。故选A。
2.答案：C
解析：考查宾语从句。句意：—我想知道玛丽和谁一起去听音乐会了。—她的表弟托尼。动词wonder后接宾语从句，从句中介词with缺少宾语，且指人。所以用连接代词whom连接。故选C。
3.答案：B
解析：本题主要考查宾语从句。根据句意，他，一个善良的人，总是考虑他能做什么来帮助有困难的人。由主句谓语动词 thinks about 可知此处是一个宾语从句，缺少连接词，根据宾语从句 he can do 中缺少宾语，可知要用连接词what，意为"什么"，充当 do 的宾语。故选 B。
4.答案：B
解析：本题主要考查宾语从句。根据句意，你问过他今晚是否和我们一起去参加聚会了吗？此处为宾语从句，从句中不缺少成分，表示"是否"应用 whether 或 if。故选 B。
5.答案：A
解析：考査宾语从句。句意为:我想知道是谁让奥林匹克重获生机了。 wonder后接who引导的宾语从句,宾语从句使用陈述语序。 故选A。
6.答案：C
解析：本题主要考查宾语从句。结合句意，为了找出自己真正感兴趣的地方，你应该探索你的才能。分析句子结构可知，填空处及后面部分在句子中做 find out 的宾语，属于宾语从句，且从句中缺少地点状语，因此应填入 where。故选C。
7.答案：C
解析：考查宾语从句。句意为：专家们相信，人们只有当有必要购物时去买东西，这样才可以少浪费食物。believe后跟宾语从句，且宾语从句句意完整，应用只起连接作用、无实意的that引导。故选C。
8.答案：B
解析：考查宾语从句的连接词。句意：我表妹把她所有的四件晚礼服都拿出来，告诉我随便拿一件。A. whatever无论什么；B. whichever无论哪一个；C. wherever无论在哪里；D. however无论如何。空格处引导的是宾语从句，由前面的"four evening dresses"可知，句子表示"我表妹告诉我随便拿一件"，空格处意为"无论哪一个"，即whichever，在从句中作宾语。故选B。
9.答案：C
解析：考查宾语从句。句意：通过参加社区服务，高中生会更好地意识到现实世界是什么样的。本句中be aware of做谓语，其后跟的是宾语从句；又由于宾语从句中缺少介词like的宾语，所以要用what引导。故选C。
10.答案：A
解析：本题主要考查宾语从句。根据题目中的Next month Or next year 可知，是问多久之后，是在对将来的一段时间提问。how long意为"多久、多长时间"，主要是对一段时间进行提问。how soon表示"不久之后"，主要用来对表示将来的一段时间提问。因此应用 how soon引导宾语从句。宾语从句要用陈述句语序，即疑问词+主语+谓语+其他成分。故选A。
二．1.答案：what
解析：考查宾语从句。句意：那个破产的工厂厂址将建一所新学校。分析句子可知，"is a bankrupt factory now"是宾语从句，从句中缺少主语，指物，应用连接代词what引导该从句，意为"......的地方"。故填what。
2.答案：how
解析：考查宾语从句。句意:为了保护一件物品,一个人必须要知道它是如何被制成的。_____ an object was made是一个宾语从句,作know的宾语,结合句意可知宾语从句中缺少状语,表示"如何"。故填how。
3.答案：what
解析：考查宾语从句。句意:他没有领会他阅读的东西,因为他的心思在其他事情上。分析句子结构可知,"________ he read"为宾语从句,作take in的宾语,空处在从句中作宾语,表示"……的事物"。故填what。
4.答案：who
解析：考查宾语从句。_____ I am是一个宾语从句,作know的宾语,从句中缺少表语,再根据I'm Tyson's little brother, but that's only part of my identity.可知,此处是指现在我知道我是谁。故填who。
5.答案：whether
解析：考查宾语从句的从属连词。句意：你可以知道他们是否准备与你分担鲜花的费用。结合句意和句子结构可知，空处引导的为find out 后的宾语从句，表示"他们是否准备与你分担鲜花的费用"，故空处需要表示"是否"，又根据空后关键词or not 可知，此处仅能用whether 不能用if。故填whether。
6.答案：that
解析：考查名词性从句。句意:我希望这个周末将会是晴天并且你们每个人都来参加我的生日聚会。若一个动词后跟有两个或两个以上that引导的宾语从句,第一个that可以省略,第二个及以后的that不可以省略。故填that。
7.答案：whether
解析：考查名词性从句。句意:我经常在网上看一下电影的预告片以便决定我是否会去看这部电影。结合句意并分析句子结构可知,空处引导宾语从句,且意为"是否",再由空后的or not可知。故填whether。
8.答案：whether/if
解析：句意:她问我是否已经把书还给图书馆了， 我承认我还没有还。空格处引导宾语从句，且在句中意为"是否"。故填whether/if。
9.答案：that
解析：考查宾语从句。_____ his work will also help pressure big companies to reduce their plastic footprint(他的工作也会帮助迫使大公司减少它们的塑料足迹)是一个宾语从句,作hopes的宾语,从句中不缺少成分,且意义完整。故填that。
10.答案：that
解析：考查that引导宾语从句时不能省略的一种情况。that the present plan would be discussed the next day和_____ the new one would come up the next week为and连接的两个并列的宾语从句,作added的宾语,第二个宾语从句中不缺少成分,且意义完整。当动词后带有多个that引导的宾语从句时,第一个that 可以省略,而其他的that一般不能省略。故填that。