备课2024年中考英语阅读话题训练—人与自我 主题05 健康生活
一、阅读理解
（2023·九龙模拟）阅读理解
At he beginning of 2021， the Chinese government said it will provide free COVID﹣19 vaccines（疫苗）to all Chinese citizens. Sine then， millions of people have gotten the vaccine. Let's make a closer look.
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The vaccine is given by injection （注射）. It's suggested to get two doses. You should wait about two weeks after the first dose to get the second one.
Can people of all ages get vaccinated？
The vaccines have been tested among three different age groups： 3 to 17， 18 to 59， and 60 and above. The 18﹣to﹣59 age group has the most data （数据）﹣﹣the vaccines have been proven to be safe to this group. The other two groups are expected to be included soon.
Is there anyone who shouldn't get vaccinated？
Experts say the vaccines are safe for most people. But people who have serious diseases such as cancer or diabetes （糖尿病），or people who are allergic （过敏的） to any of the vaccine's ingredients， should not get it. People who want to get the vaccine should not get any other vaccines during the same period.
Do I still need to wear a mask in public places after I've been vaccinated？
Yes. It takes a few weeks for the body to build immunity after vaccination. This means it's possible for a person to get infected （传染的） just after vaccination. There's also a small chance that your body won't build immunity. So before the population becomes immune to the virus， it's highly encouraged to keep wearing masks， practicing social distancing （社交隔离） and washing your hands after getting vaccinated.
1．Who is sure to be safe after getting the COVID﹣19 vaccine right now
A．All Chinese citizens. B．People aged 3 to 17.
C．People aged 18 to 59. D．People aged 60 and above.
2．What can the missing sentence" ____"be
A．How is the vaccine given？
B．Can people with serious diseases get vaccinated？
C．How does the vaccine work？
D．It is not easy to get the vaccine.
3．What do we know about people who want to get a COVID﹣19 vaccine
A．They need to get two doses within a week.
B．They only need to pay a small amount of money.
C．They will have allergic reactions （过敏反应） at first.
D．They shouldn't t get other vaccines at the same time.
4．The writer develops the last paragraph by____.
A．telling a story B．giving reasons
C．comparing two facts D．showing numbers
（2023·丰台模拟） 阅读理解
The term ecology (生态) comes from a Greek word that means "the study of the house". Ecology is the study of how all living things interact (相互影响) with their environments. In a way, Earth is the house of all living things. We all live together on this planet and it is our home. Today, we also understand ecology to mean taking care of Earth so that humans, plants and animals can all thrive(兴盛). However, we can damage the environment. Sometimes the damage cannot be changed back to what it was before.
Ecology is a huge area of study. It covers every part of a living creature's ecosystem that affects(影响) its ability to live. Ecology considers how a living thing reacts to climate and soil conditions. It also studies how much clean water is available (可用的) and the amount of natural resources. By learning about how living things, including humans, affect each other, we can make smart decisions that protect all living things and the resources they need.
There are many things that children can do to help make sure that their world stays healthy. The decisions you are making today can affect the future.
Conservation(节约) is one area of ecology where we can all make a difference. It does not matter how old we are or where we live. Conservation means using Earth's limited resources wisely so that they don't run out. When you are home, take a moment to think about how you use resources. Many people waste resources. Leaking toilets, half-filled dishwashers or clothes washers, and unattended hoses all waste precious water. If you leave lights on and appliances running in rooms where they are not being used, you are wasting energy.
There's another way we can help conserve Earth's resources. We can show our support of businesses that make their products using methods and materials that do not damage Earth. By buying their products, we are telling them that we appreciate (感谢) their efforts to be Earth-friendly.
We need to take the time to learn about how to save resources. More importantly, we must then put into practice what we learn. Children can do their part. They can show their families some ways to save resources. Together, we can all make a difference.
5．What can we learn about ecology
A．It shows how to use clean water on Earth.
B．It covers every part of all living creatures.
C．It studies how many natural resources available.
D．It considers how climate and soil conditions change.
6．The writer may agree that ____.
A．we should learn how to save resources and take actions
B．we need to do many things to help make smart decisions
C．we had better use up Earth's limited resources for better life
D．we can buy more products to show our support of businesses
7．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage
A．Ecology: Using Resources Wisely
B．Ecology: Buying Green Products
C．Ecology: Taking Care of Earth
D．Ecology: Affecting Each Other
（2023·河南模拟）根据材料内容选择最佳答案。
①Nobody likes to be sick. Nowadays many children go to the doctor to get medicine when they are sick. In ancient China, they also had doctors. But instead of treating a person after they were already sick, the Chinese believed that preventing an illness before it started was the key to one's health.
②Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has a long history of more than 5,000 years. It is a summary of the experience of the working people over many centuries of struggle against diseases. TCM considers human body as a whole of QI, XING and SHEN. The ideas of YIN-YANG and WU XING are important for TCM. WU XING refers to five basic things in the nature, that is, metal, wood, water, fire, and earth.
③One important part of TCM is Yin-Yang. The Yin-Yang symbol means balance. Hold your hand out with your palm (手掌) up. This side of your hand is the Yin side. The back of your hand is the Yang side. They are opposites, but need each other to be complete. Yin is connected with night while Yang stands for day. The symbol of Yin-Yang shows how balance is important in life and in the body.
④Another important part of TCM is chi. It is life force energy. In ancient Chinese medicine, it is believed that chi flows through the body. If chi is unbalanced or blocked, a person may become sick.
⑤How does Traditional Chinese Medicine work How is Yin-Yang and chi balances One way is through acupuncture (针灸), which is the way to unblock chi with the use of thin needles (针). The needles are put into the skin along points on the body where chi is blocked.
8．What's the main thought of Traditional Chinese Medicine
A．Getting medicine. B．Preventing an illness.
C．Going to a doctor. D．Treating a sick person.
9．What can we know about Yin-Yang
A．It is something about life force energy.
B．It means five basic things in the nature.
C．Yang is a little more important than Yin.
D．Yin and Yang are opposite but connected.
10．What does the underlined word "points" mean in the last paragraph
A．详情 B．意向 C．穴位 D．点子
11．Which of the following shows the structure(结构) of the text
A． B．
C． D．
12．What can we learn from the text
A．Keeping balance is important in our body.
B．We should spread traditional Chinese culture.
C．We'd better take medicine on time if we are sick.
D．Difference between the western medicine and TCM.
（2022·沈阳） 阅读理解
Would you try food made of rubbish When world leaders got together at the UN for a meeting on climate(气候) change, they had a special lunch. The food was made from something that most of us would throw away. There was a salad made of vegetable scraps(剩菜叶). The leaders also had hamburgers made of fruit left over from juicing.
The UN said this reminded people about food waste and the bad influence it has on climate change. "Food waste is not often noticed in climate change, and that is shameful when so many people are in hunger. " said a government secretary.
Most people don't even realize how much food they throw away every day. Sometimes they cook too much or they don't use it in time. Every year more than one-third of all food produced worldwide goes to waste, according to the UN. Stop the waste, and the whole world could save $300 billion from wasted food. More importantly, it could also do less harm to the environment.
Think about a bag of cheese(奶酪). Before we buy it at the store, people have to raise the cows, deal with the milk, and drive to the shop to sell the cheese. If you throw the cheese away, you have wasted energy, fuel(燃料) and water, which give out greenhouse gases that add to global warming.
The UN said if we stop throwing good food away, we could cut down up to 17 million tons of CO . The good of that would be the same as taking one in every four cars off the road.
13．Why did the writer think the lunch was special
A．Because the vegetables were made into juice.
B．Because the leaders had a salad and hamburgers.
C．Because food was cooked from something thrown away.
D．Because the lunch was prepared with different fresh fruits.
14．What does food waste influence at last
A．Fuel. B．Cars. C．Cows. D．Climate.
15．What can you infer(推断) from the text
A．Even small actions can help make our world better.
B．We should buy a bag of cheese from the supermarket.
C．Most people have already paid attention to food waste.
D．Saving food is more important than driving cars less often.
16．Which of the following is the best title of the text
A．Cheese—Healthy for people
B．A meeting—Traditional at the UN
C．Food waste—Bad for the environment
D．Greenhouse gases—Dangerous to the Earth
（2023·路桥模拟）阅读选择
Are you worried about the mental health of a child you know？Or are you a kid looking for help？
Having good mental health is the key lo healthy development of every child. Kids need good mental health﹣not only to be able to deal with challenges, but also to feel good about themselves, build healthy relationships with others and enjoy life.
A kid's mental health can be influenced by many things, like school life and life events. While children can experience mental health issues（问题） at any age, they are most at risk between the ages of 12﹣16.
Everyone feels sad, angry or upset sometimes, including children. But if a kid feels like this most of the time, it's a sign that they may need help. Other signs include difficulty coping, getting on with others or staying interested in activities.
Some of the common mental health﹣related issues they experience include：
*relationship problems
*eating issues
*bullying（欺凌）
*feeling sad
*worry
*self﹣harm
About I in 4 children aged 4 to 17 have recently experienced a mental health disorder in Australia. If you think your child has a mental health issue, it's necessary to reach out for professional help.
There are plenty of things that can be done to improve mental health and help prevent mental health issues from developing. For example, getting enough sleep, eating well and doing regular physical activities are as important to children as they are to adults.
Long﹣lasting and safe relationship, such as with the child's family, is considered the most influential factor（因素） in a child's life.
As a parent, there are some simple steps you can take to support your child's mental health. These are things like taking an active interest in your child. Encouraging them to talk about what's happening in their life. If you are concerned, get support from your doctor or other health or mental health professionals.
17．According to the passage, which of the following is a kid's mental health issue？ ____
A．Getting on well with others.
B．Doing harm to himself or herself.
C．Showing great interest in activities.
D．Feeling sad, angry or worried sometimes.
18．In what way does the writer tell us how we can improve kids' mental health？ ____
A．By using numbers.
B．By giving examples.
C．By following the order of time.
D．By listing some reasons.
19．The underlined word "concerned" in the passage means " ____".
A．worried B．surprised C．satisfied D．excited
20．The passage is mainly about ____.
A．children's mental health
B．ways of keeping kids healthy
C．the healthy development of kids
D．mental health experiences of children
（2023·威海中考）阅读理解
Green Energy for Today and Tomorrow
Did you know that most of the energy we use comes from the sun For example, the sun helps plants to grow. Plants that grew millions of years ago turned into coal, oil, and natural gas (天然气). We call these fossil fuels (化石燃料).
However, fossil fuels make pollution. This is bad for the Earth. Fossil fuels are also nonrenewable. Some day they will be gone. So, scientists want people to use green energy. Why is green energy important First, it is clean. It doesn't hurt the Earth. Next, it is renewable. It won't run out. Green energy gives us almost 25% of the electricity we use today.
What are the main sources (来源) of green energy
Water Power
Water power uses moving water in rivers and dams (堤坝). Moving water has energy. Water power makes 16.6% of the electricity we use.
Wind Power
Is wind power new No, it isn't. People used wind power many years ago. Wind power makes 4% of the electricity we use.
Solar Power
Soar power comes from sunlight. The sun shines on solar panels (太阳能板), and electricity is made. Solar power is now as cheap as some fossil fuels. It makes 15% of the electricity we use
Biomass (生物质能)
Biomass is energy that we get from plants around us. For example, deadwood or grass is burned in power stations. This makes electricity. Biomass is green energy because we plant new trees or crops (庄稼) after we use it. Biomass makes 2% of the electricity we use.
New Green Energy
Ocean rise and fall each day. This moving water can make electricity. We call it tide power. There is also heat under the Earth's surface. Scientists can use this heat for energy, which is called heat power. We may find other sources of green energy in the future.
Some day, green energy could make 100% of the electricity we use. That's good news for the Earth!
21．How do we get most of the electricity nowadays
A．Through fossil fuels.
B．Through green energy.
C．Through other kinds of energy.
22．In Paragraph 2, what's the meaning of the word "nonrenewable "
A．可回收的 B．不可更新的 C．不可再生的
23．Why do scientists suggest using green energy
A．Because it is as cheap as fossil fuels.
B．Because it is clean and won't be used up.
C．Because it is the main source of electricity now.
24．Where can we get biomass
A．From natural gas. B．From new trees. C．From dead plants.
25．How many kinds of green energy are mentioned in the passage
A．4. B．6. C．7.
（2023·永州） 阅读理解
On June 3, the United States Fish & Wildlife Service（USFWS）announced that it would protect the tricolored bats. The animal would be listed under the Endangered Species Act. This follows a similar announcement, made in March, to protect the endangered northern long-eared bats. The two kinds of bats are in danger, mainly because of an illness called white-nose syndrome（综合症）.
"Bats play such an important role in keeping a healthy ecosystem." USFWS director Martha Williams said. "But white-nose syndrome is destroying bats." she added.
White-nose syndrome is caused by a fungus（真菌）. It is known to influence only bats, showing up on the animal's nose and wings. The fungus grows in places that are cold, dark, and wet, like caves. As it hurts a bat's skin, the animal's behavior starts to change. The bat becomes more active than normal, wasting the energy it needs to live.
Worldwide, there are more than 1, 400 kinds of bats. Most bats are insectivores, which means they eat insects. In a single night, bats can eat insects of "up to half their weight." This is good news for farmers, since bats eat insects that harm crops. According to the USFWS, the animals help U.S. farmers save more than $3 billion a year in insect control.
Nowadays there is no treatment for white-nose syndrome. But scientists are developing ways to help bats. A 2018 study found that a special light can kill the fungus. Researchers are also testing a fungus-fighting thing that can be placed around areas where bats live. And they're working on a vaccine（疫苗）. Local villagers also provide suggestions. One example: set bat boxes. The USFWS says it will announce a decision about how to list the tricolored bats by late 2023. A decision about the northern long-eared bats is expected next month.
26．Why are the tricolored bats and the long-eared bats in danger
A．Because of a special illness.
B．Because of their food.
C．Because of their living conditions.
27．How does the fungus kill a bat at last
A．By changing a bat's behavior.
B．By hurting a bat's skin.
C．By wasting the energy a bat needs to live.
28．Why are bats helpful to farmers in the USA
A．Because bats eat insects that harm crops.
B．Because there are more than 1, 400 kinds of bats.
C．Because bats cost them more than $3 billion each year.
29．What are the researchers doing to fight against the white-nose syndrome
A．They are testing a special light.
B．They are working on a vaccine.
C．They are setting bat boxes.
30．What is the article mainly about
A．A white-nose syndrome.
B．Kinds of bats.
C．Bats in danger.
（2023·天津） 阅读理解
About 80% of people do not get enough vitamin (维生素) D every day. But this vitamin is very important for your health.
Vitamin D is really important for our bones (骨骼). When we are young, vitamin D builds up our bones and makes them strong. When we are older, we still need vitamin D to keep our bones strong. Our bodies keep the vitamin D in our bones and teeth. Then we lose vitamin D as we work and exercise during the day. But our bodies can't make vitamin D. So we have to get it from outside of our bodies.
Where can a person get this very important vitamin Vitamin D is in foods like fish and eggs. Sometimes, vitamin D is added to bread, milk, and orange juice. Food is not the only way our bodies can get vitamin D. The sun also gives us vitamin D. If we want to be healthy, we should spend some time in the sun each day. Too much sun is not good for you, but about 15 minutes a day is usually enough. And we should be sure to eat foods that are rich in vitamin D, too.
31．The writer says that vitamin D ____.
A．makes our bones strong
B．keeps our hair clean
C．is not necessary for our teeth
D．is harmful to our hearts
32．Why do we have to get vitamin D from outside of our bodies
A．It makes us popular.
B．It helps us eat more food.
C．Our bodies can't make vitamin
D．D. The more vitamin D, the better.
33．According to the writer, people can get vitamin D by _________.
A．eating fish B．watching TV
C．working hard D．having a sleep
34．How long are we advised to spend in the sun each day
A．About 15 minutes. B．About 45 minutes.
C．About 1 hour. D．About 2 hours.
35．Paragraph 3 mainly tells us ____.
A．what vitamin D is B．where we can get vitamin D
C．how much vitamin D we need D．why people don't like vitamin D
（2023·惠城模拟）阅读理解
Your beloved pet may be hurting your sleep, new research finds.
Though pets can be helpful for health, pet owner was likely to have poorer sleep, according to a study.
The researchers corrected factors that could influence sleep, including race （种族）and income （收入） , as well as age, gender （性别）and BMI, and focused on whether a person had a sleep disorder and whether a person had a cat or a dog.
The findings showed that having a dog was connected with a greater chance of having a sleep disorder and having trouble sleeping, while having a cat was connected with having a higher chance of leg jerks （抽搐）in the night. "The age of the pet has a big influence on whether or not they keep you up at night, " van Egmond said. "If you have many pets, they can egg each other on. "
With dogs, it depends a lot on the kind and the activity level it needs. Making sure a pet gets plenty of physical activities and mental stimulation （朿!| 激）during the day can help animals—and their owners—get better rest.
Unlike dogs, cats are more active at night and it is easier to use up their energy. If you play with your cat before it is ready for bed, you would make it hard for cats to fall asleep. If you feed your cat after playing with it, your cat would feel that it has successfully hunted its food and is rewarded with a nice meal in return. Then it goes to sleep quickly.
The new study shows that pets can influence your sleep, but we have to really think about that pets are much more than a pet in our family.
36．What can make a great difference to your sleep
A．Food. B．Pets. C．Work. D．Noise.
37．If you have a dog, you may have trouble in ____.
A．playing with it B．study
C．getting more money D．sleeping
38．What does the underlined phrase "egg each other on" mean
A．Encourage each other to fight or quarrel.
B．Have a talk with each other.
C．Help each other.
D．Learn from each other.
39．Which of the following is TRUE
A．We should see the pets as our family.
B．Cats are very active in the daytime.
C．All the dogs can influence your sleep.
D．No matter how much a cat eats, it is always full of energy.
40．In which part of a newspaper may this passage appear
A．Travel. B．Animals. C．Culture. D．Health.
（2023·天桥模拟）阅读理解阅读下列短文，从每题A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出一个能回答所提问题或完成所给句子的最佳答案。
Have you ever had trouble sleeping in a new place
Lots of people do. And now researchers from Brown University in Rhode Island think they know why. They found that one half of the brain "remains more awake" than the other half when people are trying to sleep in a new place.
The findings were reported m Current Biology by Brown University. In their report, the researchers said many people say they have a harder time sleeping the first night at a hotel or other places outside their homes. They call it "first-night influence". "In Japan, they say. If you change your bed, you can't sleep." said Yuka Sasaki, one of the reporters.
The researchers measured (测量) brain waves for 35 volunteers over two nights in a laboratory. The two nights were a week apart (间隔). They found during the first night the left half of the brain was more active than the right half. This was during the first deep-sleep period, the researchers said.
Sasaki said a lot of questions still remain. Researchers did not keep measuring brain waves all night long. So they don't know if the left half keeps "watch" all night, or whether it "works in shifts (轮换) with the right half later in the night". They also do not know why brain activity, at least during the first period of deep sleep, is always on the left half.
For some, this research may be culming It is good to know that our brain is "looking out for us" in a new place. But it may not help with sleep. That brain activity, at least according to this new research, makes it harder to get the sleep people wake up feeling well-rested in the morning.
41．Why do lots of people have trouble sleeping in a new place
A．They are too excited to sleep well.
B．One half of the brain is more active.
C．They don't get used to the new bed.
D．They are too busy in the daytime.
42．Which of the following best describes first-night influence
A．Being awake all night. B．Falling asleep harder.
C．Being sleepy soon. D．Taking turns to work.
43．What's the reason for researchers not to know how the brain works
A．No all-night waves records. B．Less study time to remain.
C．All activities on the left half. D．Fewer volunteers to join in.
44．What does the underlined word "calming" most probably mean
A．Pleasing. B．Different. C．Serious. D．Strange.
45．Where is the text most probably from
A．A news report. B．A sports poster.
C．A story book. D．A science magazine.
答案解析部分
【答案】1．C
2．A
3．D
4．B
【知识点】医疗保健类；说明文；疾病与防治
【解析】【分析】本文主要介绍了免费的COVID-19疫苗，包括适宜接种人群，不适宜人群等。
【点评】考查阅读理解。在回答问题时，要回到原文中寻找答案，尽量选择与原文一致的选项。
1．细节题。根据第四段的 The 18﹣to﹣59 age group has the most data （数据）﹣﹣the vaccines have been proven to be safe to this group. 可知18至59岁的年龄段有最多的数据，疫苗已被证明对这个年龄段的人来说是安全的，故选C。
2．推断题。根据第二段的 The vaccine is given by injection （注射）. It's suggested to get two doses. You should wait about two weeks after the first dose to get the second one. 可知疫苗接种是通过注射进行的。建议接种两剂，第一剂接种后大约等待两周再接种第二剂。因此此处讲述疫苗如何被接种，故选A。
3．细节题。根据第六段的People who want to get the vaccine should not get any other vaccines during the same period.可知在接种疫苗期间，想接种的人不应接种其他疫苗，故选D。
4．细节题。根据最后一段的 It takes a few weeks for the body to build immunity after vaccination. This means it's possible for a person to get infected （传染的） just after vaccination. There's also a small chance that your body won't build immunity. 可知接种疫苗后，身体需要几周时间来建立免疫力。这意味着一个人在接种疫苗后仍有可能感染病毒。此外，接种疫苗后，你的身体可能不会建立免疫力，因此是通过讲道理的方式，故选B。
【答案】5．C
6．A
7．C
【知识点】环保类；说明文
【解析】【分析】本文主要介绍了生态一词，以及生态背后的含义。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题，推断题，和主旨题，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息，主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。
5．细节题。根据Ecology considers how a living thing reacts to climate and soil conditions. It also studies how much clean water is available and the amount of natural resources，可知生态可以研究有多少自然资源可用。故选C。
6．推断题。根据Conservation is one area of ecology where we can all make a difference节约是一个我们都可以有所作为的生态学领域，以及Many people waste resources. Leaking toilets, half-filled dishwashers or clothes washers, and unattended hoses all waste precious water. If you leave lights on and appliances running in rooms where they are not being used, you are wasting energy许多人浪费资源。漏水的马桶，半满的洗碗机或洗衣机，无人看管的水管，都在浪费宝贵的水。如果你在不用的房间里开着灯，开着电器，你就是在浪费能源，可知我们应该学会如何节约资源并采取行动是作者所同意的，故选A。
7．主旨题。本文主要介绍了生态一词，以及生态背后的含义，故最佳标题是生态学：爱护地球"Ecology: Taking Care of Earth，故选C。
【答案】8．B
9．D
10．C
11．C
12．A
【知识点】医疗保健类；说明文
【解析】【分析】本文主要讲述了我们传统中医的组成部分以及如何工作。
【点评】考查阅读理解，首先通读全文，了解全文大意，其次分析问题，抓住问题关键词，在文中寻找相关信息，确定答案，最后再检查一遍，确保答案正确。
8．细节理解题。根据文中"But instead of treating a person after they were already sick, the Chinese believed that preventing an illness before it started was the key to one's health."可知，中医的主要思想是预防疾病。故选B。
9．细节理解题。根据文中"They are opposites, but need each other to be complete."可知，阴阳是对立的，但又是相连的。故选D。
10．词义猜测题。根据"on the body where chi is blocked."可知，针头沿着身体上气被阻断的穴位插入皮肤。此处划线单词points的意思是"穴位"。故选C。
11．文章结构题。通读整篇短文可知，第一段讲述了中医主要思想是预防疾病；第二段讲述中医的历史；第三段是中医中药组成部分阴阳；第四段讲述了中医的另一个重要组成部分是气；第五段中医是如何发挥作用的。选项C图片符合结构图。故选C。
12．主旨大意题。根据文中"The symbol of Yin-Yang shows how balance is important in life and in the body."可知，文章主要讲述了保持阴阳平衡对我们的身体很重要。故选A。
【答案】13．C
14．D
15．A
16．C
【知识点】环保类；说明文
【解析】【分析】本文介绍目前的食物浪费现象，呼吁我们节约粮食。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题，推断题，和主旨题，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息，主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。
13．推断题。根据The food was made from something that most of us would throw away可知，这些食物是由我们大多数人会扔掉的东西制成的。故选C。
14．细节题。根据If you throw the cheese away, you have wasted energy, fuel and water, which give out greenhouse gases that add to global warming可知，如果你把奶酪扔掉，你就浪费了能源、燃料和水，释放出加剧全球变暖的温室气体。所以食物浪费最后会影响气候。故选D。
15．推断题。根据第三段内容可知，生活中我们煮的食物过多就会导致浪费，如果我们不浪费，除了减少食物浪费外，还可以减少对环境的伤害。由此推知，即使是像不要煮过多食物这样小的行为，也能让我们的世界变得更美好。故选A。
16．主旨题。本文主要介绍目前的食物浪费现象，呼吁我们节约粮食。最佳标题是Food waste—Bad for the environment食物浪费——对环境有害，故选C。
【答案】17．B
18．B
19．A
20．A
【知识点】医疗保健类；议论文
【解析】【分析】文章大意：本文主要讲述了关于儿童心理健康的重要性以及如何帮助他们。
【点评】考查阅读理解。通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
17．细节理解题。根据文中语句Some of the common mental health-related issues they experience include: self-harm (他们遇到的一些常见的心理健康问题包括：伤害自己)可知伤害自己属于心理健康问题。故选B。
18．细节理解题。根据文中语句For example, getting enough sleep, eating well and doing regular physical activities are as important to children as they are to adults. (例如，充足的睡眠、良好的饮食和有规律的体育活动对儿童和成年人同样重要。)可知，作者用举例子的方式告诉我们如何改善孩子的心理健康。故选B。
19．词义猜测题。根据文中语句If you are concerned, get support from your doctor or other health or mental health professionals. (如果你有顾虑，向你的医生或其他健康或心理健康专业人士寻求支持。)联系后句可猜测出下划线单词"concerned"应该是"担心的"。故选A。
20．主旨大意题。根据文中语句Are you worried about the mental health of a child you know (你担心你认识的孩子的心理健康吗 )可知，本文主要讲述了关于儿童心理健康的重要性以及如何向有心理健康问题的儿童提供帮助的事情。故选A。
【答案】21．A
22．C
23．B
24．C
25．B
【知识点】科普类；环保类；说明文
【解析】【分析】文章大意：文章主要介绍了绿色能源的来源。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本文有细节理解、推理判断和词义猜测题。细节理解考查学生们把握文章细节、快速寻找相关信息的能力，答案都可以在原文找到；推理判断则需要根据文章内容进行合理的猜测或判断句子的正误；词义猜测考查学生们猜测生词意思的能力，做题时需注意结合上下文的意思进行猜词。
21．推理判断题。根据文章第一段句子"Did you know that most of the energy we use comes from the sun For example, the sun helps plants to grow...We call these fossil fuels (化石燃料)."可推断出我们今天所使用的的电力应该是来自于化石燃料，故选A。
22．词义猜测题。根据文章第二段句子"Fossil fuels are also nonrenewable. Some day they will be gone.化石燃料也是不可再生的。总有一天他们会消失的。"可猜测，应是指"不可再生的"，故选C。
23．细节理解题。根据文章第二段句子"Why is green energy important First, it is clean. It doesn't hurt the Earth. Next, it is renewable. It won't run out. Green energy gives us almost 25% of the electricity we use today."可知因为绿色能源干净且不会用尽，故选B。
24．细节理解题。根据文章中的句子"Biomass is energy that we get from plants around us. For example, deadwood or grass is burned in power stations."可知生物质能是我们从周围的植物中获得的能量。例如，枯死的植物中（枯木或草）。故选C。
25．细节理解题。根据文章中的每个开头的"Water Power，Wind Power，Solar Power，Biomass (生物质能)， "以及最后一段句子"Ocean rise and fall each day. This moving water can make electricity. We call it tide power.""Scientists can use this heat for energy, which is called heat power."可知提到了六种绿色能源，故选B。
【答案】26．A
27．C
28．A
29．B
30．C
【知识点】环保类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文主要介绍了美国野生动物保护局（USFWS）决定保护三色蝙蝠，并将其列入濒危物种名单。
【点评】通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
26．细节理解题。根据第1段The two kinds of bats are in danger，mainly because of an illness called white-nose syndrome（综合症）.（这两种蝙蝠处于危险之中，主要是因为一种叫做白鼻综合症的疾病。）可知这两种蝙蝠处于危险之中，主要是因为一种叫做白鼻综合症的疾病，故选：A。
27．细节理解题。根据第3段The bat becomes more active than normal，wasting the energy it needs to live.（蝙蝠变得比平时更加活跃，浪费了它赖以生存的能量。）可知这种疾病最后使蝙蝠变得比平时更加活跃，浪费了它赖以生存的能量，最后死亡，故选：C。
28．细节理解题。根据第4段This is good news for farmers，since bats eat insects that harm crops.（这对农民来说是个好消息，因为蝙蝠吃害虫。）可知蝙蝠对农民来说是有帮助的是因为蝙蝠吃害虫，故选：A。
29．细节理解题。根据最后1段And they're working on a vaccine（疫苗）.（他们正在研究疫苗。）可知研究人员正在做的是研究疫苗，故选：B。
30．主旨大意题。根据全文大意，主要介绍了处于濒危的蝙蝠，它濒危的原因及解决办法等等，故选：C。
【答案】31．A
32．C
33．A
34．A
35．B
【知识点】医疗保健类；说明文
【解析】【分析】本文主要介绍了维他素D的重要性及如何获取维他素D。
【点评】考查阅读理解，细节理解题时首先要通读全文，了解文中所叙述的重要事实和细节，就可以解答出来，有的甚至可以从文章的原句中直接找到答案，选出正确答案。
31．细节理解题。根据句子When we are young, vitamin D builds up our bones and makes them strong. 当我们年轻的时候，维生素D会增强我们的骨骼，使它们强壮。可知维他素D能使我们骨骼强壮。故选A。
32．细节理解题。根据句子But our bodies can't make vitamin D. So we have to get it from outside of our bodies. 但是我们的身体不能制造维生素D，所以我们必须从身体外获取。可知必须从体外获取维他命D，是因为我们的身体不能产生维他素D。故选C。
33．细节理解题。根据句子Vitamin D is in foods like fish and eggs. 维生素D存在于鱼和鸡蛋等食物中。可知可以通过吃鱼来获取维他素D。故选A。
34．细节理解题。根据句子If we want to be healthy, we should spend some time in the sun each day. Too much sun is not good for you, but about 15 minutes a day is usually enough. 如果我们想要健康，我们应该每天花一些时间在阳光下。太多的阳光对你不好，但每天大约15分钟就足够了。可知我们被建议每天在阳光中度过大约15分钟。故选A。
35．段落大意题。根据句子Where can a person get this very important vitamin Vitamin D is in foods like fish and eggs. Sometimes, vitamin D is added to bread, milk, and orange juice. 人们从哪里可以获得这种非常重要的维生素？维生素D存在于鱼和鸡蛋等食物中。有时，维生素D被添加到面包、牛奶和橙汁中。可知第三段主要讲我们从哪里获得维生素D。故选B。
【答案】36．B
37．D
38．A
39．A
40．D
【知识点】医疗保健类；其他语篇类型
【解析】【分析】文章大意：新研究表明，宠物会影响到人的睡眠。
【点评】考查阅读理解，首先阅读全文，了解全文大意，其次分析问题，抓住问题关键词，在文中寻找相关信息，确定答案，最后再检查一遍，确保答案正确。
36．细节题，根据第二段The researchers corrected factors that could influence sleep and focused on whether a person had a sleep disorder and whether a person had a cat or a dog. 研究人员纠正了可能影响睡眠的因素并重点关注一个人是否患有睡眠障碍，以及一个人是否养猫或狗。可知宠物对人的睡眠会产生影响。故选B。
37．细节题，根据第三段The findings showed that having a dog was connected with a greater chance of having a sleep disorder and having trouble sleeping研究结果显示，养狗的人更容易出现睡眠障碍和睡眠困难，所以假如你有一只狗，你或许会在睡觉方面有困难，故选D。
38．词义猜测题，根据第二段研究结果表明，养狗会增加睡眠障碍和睡眠困难的几率，而养猫则与夜间腿部抽搐有关。宠物的年龄是影响睡眠质量的因素之一，因为这决定了它们的活泼程度。这种种迹象表明，如果家里的宠物有很多，它们相互撺掇捣乱，会让你不得安宁。egg on: 撺掇，怂恿，故选A。
39．推断题，根据最后一段The new study shows that pets can influence your sleep, but we have to really think about that pets are much more than a pet in our family. 尽管这项新研究认为宠物会影响睡眠质量，但我们必须真正考虑到，宠物在我们的家庭中不仅仅是宠物。它们更是我们家庭的一部分。故选A。
40．推断题，根据全文大意，新研究表明，宠物会影响到人的睡眠。文章重点在讲影响人睡眠的因素，涉及到人的健康问题，所以在报纸的健康一栏会出现这篇文章，故选D。
【答案】41．B
42．B
43．A
44．A
45．D
【知识点】医疗保健类；科普类；说明文
【解析】【分析】文章大意：文章主要是关于睡眠的一项研究。介绍了我们为什么在新的地方睡不好觉的原因。
【点评】考查阅读理解，首先通读全文，了解全文大意，其次分析问题，抓住问题关键词，在文中寻找相关信息，确定答案，最后再检查一遍，确保答案正确。
41．细节理解题。根据文章第二段句子"They found that one half of the brain "remains more awake" than the other half when people are trying to sleep in a new place."They found that one half of the brain 'remains more awake' than the other half when people are trying tosleep in a new place.他们发现，当人们试图在一个新的地方睡觉时，大脑的一半比另一半"保持更清醒"。"可知是因为大脑的一半比另一半更加清醒。故选B。
42．细节理解题。根据文章第三段句子"In their report, the researchers said many people say they have a harder time sleeping the first night at a hotel or other places outside their homes.研究人员在他们的报告中说，许多人说，他们第一晚在酒店或家外的其他地方睡得更难。"可知他们在新地方的第一晚很难入睡，故选B。
43．细节理解题。根据文章第五段句子"Researchers did not keep measuring brain waves all night long. So they don't know if the left half keeps "watch" all night, or whether it "works in shifts (轮换) with the right half later in the night"研究人员并没有整晚都在测量脑电波。因此，他们不知道左半部分是否整夜"值班"，或者它是否"在深夜与右半部分轮班工作""可知由于没有整夜不间断地测量脑电波，所以他们不知道大脑是如何工作的，故选A。
44．词义猜测题。根据文章最后一段句子"For some, this research may be culming It is good to know that our brain is "looking out for us" in a new place."可知在某些方面，这次研究是让人高兴的，因为我们的大脑在一个新的地方"寻找我们"，这是一件好事。故选A。
45．推理判断题。根据文章第一段句子"Have you ever had trouble sleeping in a new place "和第二段"Lots of people do.And now researchers from Brown University in Rhode Island think they know why."可知这是关于睡眠的一项研究，可能来自科学杂志。故选D。
1 / 1备课2024年中考英语阅读话题训练—人与自我 主题05 健康生活
一、阅读理解
（2023·九龙模拟）阅读理解
At he beginning of 2021， the Chinese government said it will provide free COVID﹣19 vaccines（疫苗）to all Chinese citizens. Sine then， millions of people have gotten the vaccine. Let's make a closer look.
▲
The vaccine is given by injection （注射）. It's suggested to get two doses. You should wait about two weeks after the first dose to get the second one.
Can people of all ages get vaccinated？
The vaccines have been tested among three different age groups： 3 to 17， 18 to 59， and 60 and above. The 18﹣to﹣59 age group has the most data （数据）﹣﹣the vaccines have been proven to be safe to this group. The other two groups are expected to be included soon.
Is there anyone who shouldn't get vaccinated？
Experts say the vaccines are safe for most people. But people who have serious diseases such as cancer or diabetes （糖尿病），or people who are allergic （过敏的） to any of the vaccine's ingredients， should not get it. People who want to get the vaccine should not get any other vaccines during the same period.
Do I still need to wear a mask in public places after I've been vaccinated？
Yes. It takes a few weeks for the body to build immunity after vaccination. This means it's possible for a person to get infected （传染的） just after vaccination. There's also a small chance that your body won't build immunity. So before the population becomes immune to the virus， it's highly encouraged to keep wearing masks， practicing social distancing （社交隔离） and washing your hands after getting vaccinated.
1．Who is sure to be safe after getting the COVID﹣19 vaccine right now
A．All Chinese citizens. B．People aged 3 to 17.
C．People aged 18 to 59. D．People aged 60 and above.
2．What can the missing sentence" ____"be
A．How is the vaccine given？
B．Can people with serious diseases get vaccinated？
C．How does the vaccine work？
D．It is not easy to get the vaccine.
3．What do we know about people who want to get a COVID﹣19 vaccine
A．They need to get two doses within a week.
B．They only need to pay a small amount of money.
C．They will have allergic reactions （过敏反应） at first.
D．They shouldn't t get other vaccines at the same time.
4．The writer develops the last paragraph by____.
A．telling a story B．giving reasons
C．comparing two facts D．showing numbers
【答案】1．C
2．A
3．D
4．B
【知识点】医疗保健类；说明文；疾病与防治
【解析】【分析】本文主要介绍了免费的COVID-19疫苗，包括适宜接种人群，不适宜人群等。
【点评】考查阅读理解。在回答问题时，要回到原文中寻找答案，尽量选择与原文一致的选项。
1．细节题。根据第四段的 The 18﹣to﹣59 age group has the most data （数据）﹣﹣the vaccines have been proven to be safe to this group. 可知18至59岁的年龄段有最多的数据，疫苗已被证明对这个年龄段的人来说是安全的，故选C。
2．推断题。根据第二段的 The vaccine is given by injection （注射）. It's suggested to get two doses. You should wait about two weeks after the first dose to get the second one. 可知疫苗接种是通过注射进行的。建议接种两剂，第一剂接种后大约等待两周再接种第二剂。因此此处讲述疫苗如何被接种，故选A。
3．细节题。根据第六段的People who want to get the vaccine should not get any other vaccines during the same period.可知在接种疫苗期间，想接种的人不应接种其他疫苗，故选D。
4．细节题。根据最后一段的 It takes a few weeks for the body to build immunity after vaccination. This means it's possible for a person to get infected （传染的） just after vaccination. There's also a small chance that your body won't build immunity. 可知接种疫苗后，身体需要几周时间来建立免疫力。这意味着一个人在接种疫苗后仍有可能感染病毒。此外，接种疫苗后，你的身体可能不会建立免疫力，因此是通过讲道理的方式，故选B。
（2023·丰台模拟） 阅读理解
The term ecology (生态) comes from a Greek word that means "the study of the house". Ecology is the study of how all living things interact (相互影响) with their environments. In a way, Earth is the house of all living things. We all live together on this planet and it is our home. Today, we also understand ecology to mean taking care of Earth so that humans, plants and animals can all thrive(兴盛). However, we can damage the environment. Sometimes the damage cannot be changed back to what it was before.
Ecology is a huge area of study. It covers every part of a living creature's ecosystem that affects(影响) its ability to live. Ecology considers how a living thing reacts to climate and soil conditions. It also studies how much clean water is available (可用的) and the amount of natural resources. By learning about how living things, including humans, affect each other, we can make smart decisions that protect all living things and the resources they need.
There are many things that children can do to help make sure that their world stays healthy. The decisions you are making today can affect the future.
Conservation(节约) is one area of ecology where we can all make a difference. It does not matter how old we are or where we live. Conservation means using Earth's limited resources wisely so that they don't run out. When you are home, take a moment to think about how you use resources. Many people waste resources. Leaking toilets, half-filled dishwashers or clothes washers, and unattended hoses all waste precious water. If you leave lights on and appliances running in rooms where they are not being used, you are wasting energy.
There's another way we can help conserve Earth's resources. We can show our support of businesses that make their products using methods and materials that do not damage Earth. By buying their products, we are telling them that we appreciate (感谢) their efforts to be Earth-friendly.
We need to take the time to learn about how to save resources. More importantly, we must then put into practice what we learn. Children can do their part. They can show their families some ways to save resources. Together, we can all make a difference.
5．What can we learn about ecology
A．It shows how to use clean water on Earth.
B．It covers every part of all living creatures.
C．It studies how many natural resources available.
D．It considers how climate and soil conditions change.
6．The writer may agree that ____.
A．we should learn how to save resources and take actions
B．we need to do many things to help make smart decisions
C．we had better use up Earth's limited resources for better life
D．we can buy more products to show our support of businesses
7．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage
A．Ecology: Using Resources Wisely
B．Ecology: Buying Green Products
C．Ecology: Taking Care of Earth
D．Ecology: Affecting Each Other
【答案】5．C
6．A
7．C
【知识点】环保类；说明文
【解析】【分析】本文主要介绍了生态一词，以及生态背后的含义。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题，推断题，和主旨题，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息，主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。
5．细节题。根据Ecology considers how a living thing reacts to climate and soil conditions. It also studies how much clean water is available and the amount of natural resources，可知生态可以研究有多少自然资源可用。故选C。
6．推断题。根据Conservation is one area of ecology where we can all make a difference节约是一个我们都可以有所作为的生态学领域，以及Many people waste resources. Leaking toilets, half-filled dishwashers or clothes washers, and unattended hoses all waste precious water. If you leave lights on and appliances running in rooms where they are not being used, you are wasting energy许多人浪费资源。漏水的马桶，半满的洗碗机或洗衣机，无人看管的水管，都在浪费宝贵的水。如果你在不用的房间里开着灯，开着电器，你就是在浪费能源，可知我们应该学会如何节约资源并采取行动是作者所同意的，故选A。
7．主旨题。本文主要介绍了生态一词，以及生态背后的含义，故最佳标题是生态学：爱护地球"Ecology: Taking Care of Earth，故选C。
（2023·河南模拟）根据材料内容选择最佳答案。
①Nobody likes to be sick. Nowadays many children go to the doctor to get medicine when they are sick. In ancient China, they also had doctors. But instead of treating a person after they were already sick, the Chinese believed that preventing an illness before it started was the key to one's health.
②Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has a long history of more than 5,000 years. It is a summary of the experience of the working people over many centuries of struggle against diseases. TCM considers human body as a whole of QI, XING and SHEN. The ideas of YIN-YANG and WU XING are important for TCM. WU XING refers to five basic things in the nature, that is, metal, wood, water, fire, and earth.
③One important part of TCM is Yin-Yang. The Yin-Yang symbol means balance. Hold your hand out with your palm (手掌) up. This side of your hand is the Yin side. The back of your hand is the Yang side. They are opposites, but need each other to be complete. Yin is connected with night while Yang stands for day. The symbol of Yin-Yang shows how balance is important in life and in the body.
④Another important part of TCM is chi. It is life force energy. In ancient Chinese medicine, it is believed that chi flows through the body. If chi is unbalanced or blocked, a person may become sick.
⑤How does Traditional Chinese Medicine work How is Yin-Yang and chi balances One way is through acupuncture (针灸), which is the way to unblock chi with the use of thin needles (针). The needles are put into the skin along points on the body where chi is blocked.
8．What's the main thought of Traditional Chinese Medicine
A．Getting medicine. B．Preventing an illness.
C．Going to a doctor. D．Treating a sick person.
9．What can we know about Yin-Yang
A．It is something about life force energy.
B．It means five basic things in the nature.
C．Yang is a little more important than Yin.
D．Yin and Yang are opposite but connected.
10．What does the underlined word "points" mean in the last paragraph
A．详情 B．意向 C．穴位 D．点子
11．Which of the following shows the structure(结构) of the text
A． B．
C． D．
12．What can we learn from the text
A．Keeping balance is important in our body.
B．We should spread traditional Chinese culture.
C．We'd better take medicine on time if we are sick.
D．Difference between the western medicine and TCM.
【答案】8．B
9．D
10．C
11．C
12．A
【知识点】医疗保健类；说明文
【解析】【分析】本文主要讲述了我们传统中医的组成部分以及如何工作。
【点评】考查阅读理解，首先通读全文，了解全文大意，其次分析问题，抓住问题关键词，在文中寻找相关信息，确定答案，最后再检查一遍，确保答案正确。
8．细节理解题。根据文中"But instead of treating a person after they were already sick, the Chinese believed that preventing an illness before it started was the key to one's health."可知，中医的主要思想是预防疾病。故选B。
9．细节理解题。根据文中"They are opposites, but need each other to be complete."可知，阴阳是对立的，但又是相连的。故选D。
10．词义猜测题。根据"on the body where chi is blocked."可知，针头沿着身体上气被阻断的穴位插入皮肤。此处划线单词points的意思是"穴位"。故选C。
11．文章结构题。通读整篇短文可知，第一段讲述了中医主要思想是预防疾病；第二段讲述中医的历史；第三段是中医中药组成部分阴阳；第四段讲述了中医的另一个重要组成部分是气；第五段中医是如何发挥作用的。选项C图片符合结构图。故选C。
12．主旨大意题。根据文中"The symbol of Yin-Yang shows how balance is important in life and in the body."可知，文章主要讲述了保持阴阳平衡对我们的身体很重要。故选A。
（2022·沈阳） 阅读理解
Would you try food made of rubbish When world leaders got together at the UN for a meeting on climate(气候) change, they had a special lunch. The food was made from something that most of us would throw away. There was a salad made of vegetable scraps(剩菜叶). The leaders also had hamburgers made of fruit left over from juicing.
The UN said this reminded people about food waste and the bad influence it has on climate change. "Food waste is not often noticed in climate change, and that is shameful when so many people are in hunger. " said a government secretary.
Most people don't even realize how much food they throw away every day. Sometimes they cook too much or they don't use it in time. Every year more than one-third of all food produced worldwide goes to waste, according to the UN. Stop the waste, and the whole world could save $300 billion from wasted food. More importantly, it could also do less harm to the environment.
Think about a bag of cheese(奶酪). Before we buy it at the store, people have to raise the cows, deal with the milk, and drive to the shop to sell the cheese. If you throw the cheese away, you have wasted energy, fuel(燃料) and water, which give out greenhouse gases that add to global warming.
The UN said if we stop throwing good food away, we could cut down up to 17 million tons of CO . The good of that would be the same as taking one in every four cars off the road.
13．Why did the writer think the lunch was special
A．Because the vegetables were made into juice.
B．Because the leaders had a salad and hamburgers.
C．Because food was cooked from something thrown away.
D．Because the lunch was prepared with different fresh fruits.
14．What does food waste influence at last
A．Fuel. B．Cars. C．Cows. D．Climate.
15．What can you infer(推断) from the text
A．Even small actions can help make our world better.
B．We should buy a bag of cheese from the supermarket.
C．Most people have already paid attention to food waste.
D．Saving food is more important than driving cars less often.
16．Which of the following is the best title of the text
A．Cheese—Healthy for people
B．A meeting—Traditional at the UN
C．Food waste—Bad for the environment
D．Greenhouse gases—Dangerous to the Earth
【答案】13．C
14．D
15．A
16．C
【知识点】环保类；说明文
【解析】【分析】本文介绍目前的食物浪费现象，呼吁我们节约粮食。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题，推断题，和主旨题，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息，主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。
13．推断题。根据The food was made from something that most of us would throw away可知，这些食物是由我们大多数人会扔掉的东西制成的。故选C。
14．细节题。根据If you throw the cheese away, you have wasted energy, fuel and water, which give out greenhouse gases that add to global warming可知，如果你把奶酪扔掉，你就浪费了能源、燃料和水，释放出加剧全球变暖的温室气体。所以食物浪费最后会影响气候。故选D。
15．推断题。根据第三段内容可知，生活中我们煮的食物过多就会导致浪费，如果我们不浪费，除了减少食物浪费外，还可以减少对环境的伤害。由此推知，即使是像不要煮过多食物这样小的行为，也能让我们的世界变得更美好。故选A。
16．主旨题。本文主要介绍目前的食物浪费现象，呼吁我们节约粮食。最佳标题是Food waste—Bad for the environment食物浪费——对环境有害，故选C。
（2023·路桥模拟）阅读选择
Are you worried about the mental health of a child you know？Or are you a kid looking for help？
Having good mental health is the key lo healthy development of every child. Kids need good mental health﹣not only to be able to deal with challenges, but also to feel good about themselves, build healthy relationships with others and enjoy life.
A kid's mental health can be influenced by many things, like school life and life events. While children can experience mental health issues（问题） at any age, they are most at risk between the ages of 12﹣16.
Everyone feels sad, angry or upset sometimes, including children. But if a kid feels like this most of the time, it's a sign that they may need help. Other signs include difficulty coping, getting on with others or staying interested in activities.
Some of the common mental health﹣related issues they experience include：
*relationship problems
*eating issues
*bullying（欺凌）
*feeling sad
*worry
*self﹣harm
About I in 4 children aged 4 to 17 have recently experienced a mental health disorder in Australia. If you think your child has a mental health issue, it's necessary to reach out for professional help.
There are plenty of things that can be done to improve mental health and help prevent mental health issues from developing. For example, getting enough sleep, eating well and doing regular physical activities are as important to children as they are to adults.
Long﹣lasting and safe relationship, such as with the child's family, is considered the most influential factor（因素） in a child's life.
As a parent, there are some simple steps you can take to support your child's mental health. These are things like taking an active interest in your child. Encouraging them to talk about what's happening in their life. If you are concerned, get support from your doctor or other health or mental health professionals.
17．According to the passage, which of the following is a kid's mental health issue？ ____
A．Getting on well with others.
B．Doing harm to himself or herself.
C．Showing great interest in activities.
D．Feeling sad, angry or worried sometimes.
18．In what way does the writer tell us how we can improve kids' mental health？ ____
A．By using numbers.
B．By giving examples.
C．By following the order of time.
D．By listing some reasons.
19．The underlined word "concerned" in the passage means " ____".
A．worried B．surprised C．satisfied D．excited
20．The passage is mainly about ____.
A．children's mental health
B．ways of keeping kids healthy
C．the healthy development of kids
D．mental health experiences of children
【答案】17．B
18．B
19．A
20．A
【知识点】医疗保健类；议论文
【解析】【分析】文章大意：本文主要讲述了关于儿童心理健康的重要性以及如何帮助他们。
【点评】考查阅读理解。通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
17．细节理解题。根据文中语句Some of the common mental health-related issues they experience include: self-harm (他们遇到的一些常见的心理健康问题包括：伤害自己)可知伤害自己属于心理健康问题。故选B。
18．细节理解题。根据文中语句For example, getting enough sleep, eating well and doing regular physical activities are as important to children as they are to adults. (例如，充足的睡眠、良好的饮食和有规律的体育活动对儿童和成年人同样重要。)可知，作者用举例子的方式告诉我们如何改善孩子的心理健康。故选B。
19．词义猜测题。根据文中语句If you are concerned, get support from your doctor or other health or mental health professionals. (如果你有顾虑，向你的医生或其他健康或心理健康专业人士寻求支持。)联系后句可猜测出下划线单词"concerned"应该是"担心的"。故选A。
20．主旨大意题。根据文中语句Are you worried about the mental health of a child you know (你担心你认识的孩子的心理健康吗 )可知，本文主要讲述了关于儿童心理健康的重要性以及如何向有心理健康问题的儿童提供帮助的事情。故选A。
（2023·威海中考）阅读理解
Green Energy for Today and Tomorrow
Did you know that most of the energy we use comes from the sun For example, the sun helps plants to grow. Plants that grew millions of years ago turned into coal, oil, and natural gas (天然气). We call these fossil fuels (化石燃料).
However, fossil fuels make pollution. This is bad for the Earth. Fossil fuels are also nonrenewable. Some day they will be gone. So, scientists want people to use green energy. Why is green energy important First, it is clean. It doesn't hurt the Earth. Next, it is renewable. It won't run out. Green energy gives us almost 25% of the electricity we use today.
What are the main sources (来源) of green energy
Water Power
Water power uses moving water in rivers and dams (堤坝). Moving water has energy. Water power makes 16.6% of the electricity we use.
Wind Power
Is wind power new No, it isn't. People used wind power many years ago. Wind power makes 4% of the electricity we use.
Solar Power
Soar power comes from sunlight. The sun shines on solar panels (太阳能板), and electricity is made. Solar power is now as cheap as some fossil fuels. It makes 15% of the electricity we use
Biomass (生物质能)
Biomass is energy that we get from plants around us. For example, deadwood or grass is burned in power stations. This makes electricity. Biomass is green energy because we plant new trees or crops (庄稼) after we use it. Biomass makes 2% of the electricity we use.
New Green Energy
Ocean rise and fall each day. This moving water can make electricity. We call it tide power. There is also heat under the Earth's surface. Scientists can use this heat for energy, which is called heat power. We may find other sources of green energy in the future.
Some day, green energy could make 100% of the electricity we use. That's good news for the Earth!
21．How do we get most of the electricity nowadays
A．Through fossil fuels.
B．Through green energy.
C．Through other kinds of energy.
22．In Paragraph 2, what's the meaning of the word "nonrenewable "
A．可回收的 B．不可更新的 C．不可再生的
23．Why do scientists suggest using green energy
A．Because it is as cheap as fossil fuels.
B．Because it is clean and won't be used up.
C．Because it is the main source of electricity now.
24．Where can we get biomass
A．From natural gas. B．From new trees. C．From dead plants.
25．How many kinds of green energy are mentioned in the passage
A．4. B．6. C．7.
【答案】21．A
22．C
23．B
24．C
25．B
【知识点】科普类；环保类；说明文
【解析】【分析】文章大意：文章主要介绍了绿色能源的来源。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本文有细节理解、推理判断和词义猜测题。细节理解考查学生们把握文章细节、快速寻找相关信息的能力，答案都可以在原文找到；推理判断则需要根据文章内容进行合理的猜测或判断句子的正误；词义猜测考查学生们猜测生词意思的能力，做题时需注意结合上下文的意思进行猜词。
21．推理判断题。根据文章第一段句子"Did you know that most of the energy we use comes from the sun For example, the sun helps plants to grow...We call these fossil fuels (化石燃料)."可推断出我们今天所使用的的电力应该是来自于化石燃料，故选A。
22．词义猜测题。根据文章第二段句子"Fossil fuels are also nonrenewable. Some day they will be gone.化石燃料也是不可再生的。总有一天他们会消失的。"可猜测，应是指"不可再生的"，故选C。
23．细节理解题。根据文章第二段句子"Why is green energy important First, it is clean. It doesn't hurt the Earth. Next, it is renewable. It won't run out. Green energy gives us almost 25% of the electricity we use today."可知因为绿色能源干净且不会用尽，故选B。
24．细节理解题。根据文章中的句子"Biomass is energy that we get from plants around us. For example, deadwood or grass is burned in power stations."可知生物质能是我们从周围的植物中获得的能量。例如，枯死的植物中（枯木或草）。故选C。
25．细节理解题。根据文章中的每个开头的"Water Power，Wind Power，Solar Power，Biomass (生物质能)， "以及最后一段句子"Ocean rise and fall each day. This moving water can make electricity. We call it tide power.""Scientists can use this heat for energy, which is called heat power."可知提到了六种绿色能源，故选B。
（2023·永州） 阅读理解
On June 3, the United States Fish & Wildlife Service（USFWS）announced that it would protect the tricolored bats. The animal would be listed under the Endangered Species Act. This follows a similar announcement, made in March, to protect the endangered northern long-eared bats. The two kinds of bats are in danger, mainly because of an illness called white-nose syndrome（综合症）.
"Bats play such an important role in keeping a healthy ecosystem." USFWS director Martha Williams said. "But white-nose syndrome is destroying bats." she added.
White-nose syndrome is caused by a fungus（真菌）. It is known to influence only bats, showing up on the animal's nose and wings. The fungus grows in places that are cold, dark, and wet, like caves. As it hurts a bat's skin, the animal's behavior starts to change. The bat becomes more active than normal, wasting the energy it needs to live.
Worldwide, there are more than 1, 400 kinds of bats. Most bats are insectivores, which means they eat insects. In a single night, bats can eat insects of "up to half their weight." This is good news for farmers, since bats eat insects that harm crops. According to the USFWS, the animals help U.S. farmers save more than $3 billion a year in insect control.
Nowadays there is no treatment for white-nose syndrome. But scientists are developing ways to help bats. A 2018 study found that a special light can kill the fungus. Researchers are also testing a fungus-fighting thing that can be placed around areas where bats live. And they're working on a vaccine（疫苗）. Local villagers also provide suggestions. One example: set bat boxes. The USFWS says it will announce a decision about how to list the tricolored bats by late 2023. A decision about the northern long-eared bats is expected next month.
26．Why are the tricolored bats and the long-eared bats in danger
A．Because of a special illness.
B．Because of their food.
C．Because of their living conditions.
27．How does the fungus kill a bat at last
A．By changing a bat's behavior.
B．By hurting a bat's skin.
C．By wasting the energy a bat needs to live.
28．Why are bats helpful to farmers in the USA
A．Because bats eat insects that harm crops.
B．Because there are more than 1, 400 kinds of bats.
C．Because bats cost them more than $3 billion each year.
29．What are the researchers doing to fight against the white-nose syndrome
A．They are testing a special light.
B．They are working on a vaccine.
C．They are setting bat boxes.
30．What is the article mainly about
A．A white-nose syndrome.
B．Kinds of bats.
C．Bats in danger.
【答案】26．A
27．C
28．A
29．B
30．C
【知识点】环保类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文主要介绍了美国野生动物保护局（USFWS）决定保护三色蝙蝠，并将其列入濒危物种名单。
【点评】通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
26．细节理解题。根据第1段The two kinds of bats are in danger，mainly because of an illness called white-nose syndrome（综合症）.（这两种蝙蝠处于危险之中，主要是因为一种叫做白鼻综合症的疾病。）可知这两种蝙蝠处于危险之中，主要是因为一种叫做白鼻综合症的疾病，故选：A。
27．细节理解题。根据第3段The bat becomes more active than normal，wasting the energy it needs to live.（蝙蝠变得比平时更加活跃，浪费了它赖以生存的能量。）可知这种疾病最后使蝙蝠变得比平时更加活跃，浪费了它赖以生存的能量，最后死亡，故选：C。
28．细节理解题。根据第4段This is good news for farmers，since bats eat insects that harm crops.（这对农民来说是个好消息，因为蝙蝠吃害虫。）可知蝙蝠对农民来说是有帮助的是因为蝙蝠吃害虫，故选：A。
29．细节理解题。根据最后1段And they're working on a vaccine（疫苗）.（他们正在研究疫苗。）可知研究人员正在做的是研究疫苗，故选：B。
30．主旨大意题。根据全文大意，主要介绍了处于濒危的蝙蝠，它濒危的原因及解决办法等等，故选：C。
（2023·天津） 阅读理解
About 80% of people do not get enough vitamin (维生素) D every day. But this vitamin is very important for your health.
Vitamin D is really important for our bones (骨骼). When we are young, vitamin D builds up our bones and makes them strong. When we are older, we still need vitamin D to keep our bones strong. Our bodies keep the vitamin D in our bones and teeth. Then we lose vitamin D as we work and exercise during the day. But our bodies can't make vitamin D. So we have to get it from outside of our bodies.
Where can a person get this very important vitamin Vitamin D is in foods like fish and eggs. Sometimes, vitamin D is added to bread, milk, and orange juice. Food is not the only way our bodies can get vitamin D. The sun also gives us vitamin D. If we want to be healthy, we should spend some time in the sun each day. Too much sun is not good for you, but about 15 minutes a day is usually enough. And we should be sure to eat foods that are rich in vitamin D, too.
31．The writer says that vitamin D ____.
A．makes our bones strong
B．keeps our hair clean
C．is not necessary for our teeth
D．is harmful to our hearts
32．Why do we have to get vitamin D from outside of our bodies
A．It makes us popular.
B．It helps us eat more food.
C．Our bodies can't make vitamin
D．D. The more vitamin D, the better.
33．According to the writer, people can get vitamin D by _________.
A．eating fish B．watching TV
C．working hard D．having a sleep
34．How long are we advised to spend in the sun each day
A．About 15 minutes. B．About 45 minutes.
C．About 1 hour. D．About 2 hours.
35．Paragraph 3 mainly tells us ____.
A．what vitamin D is B．where we can get vitamin D
C．how much vitamin D we need D．why people don't like vitamin D
【答案】31．A
32．C
33．A
34．A
35．B
【知识点】医疗保健类；说明文
【解析】【分析】本文主要介绍了维他素D的重要性及如何获取维他素D。
【点评】考查阅读理解，细节理解题时首先要通读全文，了解文中所叙述的重要事实和细节，就可以解答出来，有的甚至可以从文章的原句中直接找到答案，选出正确答案。
31．细节理解题。根据句子When we are young, vitamin D builds up our bones and makes them strong. 当我们年轻的时候，维生素D会增强我们的骨骼，使它们强壮。可知维他素D能使我们骨骼强壮。故选A。
32．细节理解题。根据句子But our bodies can't make vitamin D. So we have to get it from outside of our bodies. 但是我们的身体不能制造维生素D，所以我们必须从身体外获取。可知必须从体外获取维他命D，是因为我们的身体不能产生维他素D。故选C。
33．细节理解题。根据句子Vitamin D is in foods like fish and eggs. 维生素D存在于鱼和鸡蛋等食物中。可知可以通过吃鱼来获取维他素D。故选A。
34．细节理解题。根据句子If we want to be healthy, we should spend some time in the sun each day. Too much sun is not good for you, but about 15 minutes a day is usually enough. 如果我们想要健康，我们应该每天花一些时间在阳光下。太多的阳光对你不好，但每天大约15分钟就足够了。可知我们被建议每天在阳光中度过大约15分钟。故选A。
35．段落大意题。根据句子Where can a person get this very important vitamin Vitamin D is in foods like fish and eggs. Sometimes, vitamin D is added to bread, milk, and orange juice. 人们从哪里可以获得这种非常重要的维生素？维生素D存在于鱼和鸡蛋等食物中。有时，维生素D被添加到面包、牛奶和橙汁中。可知第三段主要讲我们从哪里获得维生素D。故选B。
（2023·惠城模拟）阅读理解
Your beloved pet may be hurting your sleep, new research finds.
Though pets can be helpful for health, pet owner was likely to have poorer sleep, according to a study.
The researchers corrected factors that could influence sleep, including race （种族）and income （收入） , as well as age, gender （性别）and BMI, and focused on whether a person had a sleep disorder and whether a person had a cat or a dog.
The findings showed that having a dog was connected with a greater chance of having a sleep disorder and having trouble sleeping, while having a cat was connected with having a higher chance of leg jerks （抽搐）in the night. "The age of the pet has a big influence on whether or not they keep you up at night, " van Egmond said. "If you have many pets, they can egg each other on. "
With dogs, it depends a lot on the kind and the activity level it needs. Making sure a pet gets plenty of physical activities and mental stimulation （朿!| 激）during the day can help animals—and their owners—get better rest.
Unlike dogs, cats are more active at night and it is easier to use up their energy. If you play with your cat before it is ready for bed, you would make it hard for cats to fall asleep. If you feed your cat after playing with it, your cat would feel that it has successfully hunted its food and is rewarded with a nice meal in return. Then it goes to sleep quickly.
The new study shows that pets can influence your sleep, but we have to really think about that pets are much more than a pet in our family.
36．What can make a great difference to your sleep
A．Food. B．Pets. C．Work. D．Noise.
37．If you have a dog, you may have trouble in ____.
A．playing with it B．study
C．getting more money D．sleeping
38．What does the underlined phrase "egg each other on" mean
A．Encourage each other to fight or quarrel.
B．Have a talk with each other.
C．Help each other.
D．Learn from each other.
39．Which of the following is TRUE
A．We should see the pets as our family.
B．Cats are very active in the daytime.
C．All the dogs can influence your sleep.
D．No matter how much a cat eats, it is always full of energy.
40．In which part of a newspaper may this passage appear
A．Travel. B．Animals. C．Culture. D．Health.
【答案】36．B
37．D
38．A
39．A
40．D
【知识点】医疗保健类；其他语篇类型
【解析】【分析】文章大意：新研究表明，宠物会影响到人的睡眠。
【点评】考查阅读理解，首先阅读全文，了解全文大意，其次分析问题，抓住问题关键词，在文中寻找相关信息，确定答案，最后再检查一遍，确保答案正确。
36．细节题，根据第二段The researchers corrected factors that could influence sleep and focused on whether a person had a sleep disorder and whether a person had a cat or a dog. 研究人员纠正了可能影响睡眠的因素并重点关注一个人是否患有睡眠障碍，以及一个人是否养猫或狗。可知宠物对人的睡眠会产生影响。故选B。
37．细节题，根据第三段The findings showed that having a dog was connected with a greater chance of having a sleep disorder and having trouble sleeping研究结果显示，养狗的人更容易出现睡眠障碍和睡眠困难，所以假如你有一只狗，你或许会在睡觉方面有困难，故选D。
38．词义猜测题，根据第二段研究结果表明，养狗会增加睡眠障碍和睡眠困难的几率，而养猫则与夜间腿部抽搐有关。宠物的年龄是影响睡眠质量的因素之一，因为这决定了它们的活泼程度。这种种迹象表明，如果家里的宠物有很多，它们相互撺掇捣乱，会让你不得安宁。egg on: 撺掇，怂恿，故选A。
39．推断题，根据最后一段The new study shows that pets can influence your sleep, but we have to really think about that pets are much more than a pet in our family. 尽管这项新研究认为宠物会影响睡眠质量，但我们必须真正考虑到，宠物在我们的家庭中不仅仅是宠物。它们更是我们家庭的一部分。故选A。
40．推断题，根据全文大意，新研究表明，宠物会影响到人的睡眠。文章重点在讲影响人睡眠的因素，涉及到人的健康问题，所以在报纸的健康一栏会出现这篇文章，故选D。
（2023·天桥模拟）阅读理解阅读下列短文，从每题A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出一个能回答所提问题或完成所给句子的最佳答案。
Have you ever had trouble sleeping in a new place
Lots of people do. And now researchers from Brown University in Rhode Island think they know why. They found that one half of the brain "remains more awake" than the other half when people are trying to sleep in a new place.
The findings were reported m Current Biology by Brown University. In their report, the researchers said many people say they have a harder time sleeping the first night at a hotel or other places outside their homes. They call it "first-night influence". "In Japan, they say. If you change your bed, you can't sleep." said Yuka Sasaki, one of the reporters.
The researchers measured (测量) brain waves for 35 volunteers over two nights in a laboratory. The two nights were a week apart (间隔). They found during the first night the left half of the brain was more active than the right half. This was during the first deep-sleep period, the researchers said.
Sasaki said a lot of questions still remain. Researchers did not keep measuring brain waves all night long. So they don't know if the left half keeps "watch" all night, or whether it "works in shifts (轮换) with the right half later in the night". They also do not know why brain activity, at least during the first period of deep sleep, is always on the left half.
For some, this research may be culming It is good to know that our brain is "looking out for us" in a new place. But it may not help with sleep. That brain activity, at least according to this new research, makes it harder to get the sleep people wake up feeling well-rested in the morning.
41．Why do lots of people have trouble sleeping in a new place
A．They are too excited to sleep well.
B．One half of the brain is more active.
C．They don't get used to the new bed.
D．They are too busy in the daytime.
42．Which of the following best describes first-night influence
A．Being awake all night. B．Falling asleep harder.
C．Being sleepy soon. D．Taking turns to work.
43．What's the reason for researchers not to know how the brain works
A．No all-night waves records. B．Less study time to remain.
C．All activities on the left half. D．Fewer volunteers to join in.
44．What does the underlined word "calming" most probably mean
A．Pleasing. B．Different. C．Serious. D．Strange.
45．Where is the text most probably from
A．A news report. B．A sports poster.
C．A story book. D．A science magazine.
【答案】41．B
42．B
43．A
44．A
45．D
【知识点】医疗保健类；科普类；说明文
【解析】【分析】文章大意：文章主要是关于睡眠的一项研究。介绍了我们为什么在新的地方睡不好觉的原因。
【点评】考查阅读理解，首先通读全文，了解全文大意，其次分析问题，抓住问题关键词，在文中寻找相关信息，确定答案，最后再检查一遍，确保答案正确。
41．细节理解题。根据文章第二段句子"They found that one half of the brain "remains more awake" than the other half when people are trying to sleep in a new place."They found that one half of the brain 'remains more awake' than the other half when people are trying tosleep in a new place.他们发现，当人们试图在一个新的地方睡觉时，大脑的一半比另一半"保持更清醒"。"可知是因为大脑的一半比另一半更加清醒。故选B。
42．细节理解题。根据文章第三段句子"In their report, the researchers said many people say they have a harder time sleeping the first night at a hotel or other places outside their homes.研究人员在他们的报告中说，许多人说，他们第一晚在酒店或家外的其他地方睡得更难。"可知他们在新地方的第一晚很难入睡，故选B。
43．细节理解题。根据文章第五段句子"Researchers did not keep measuring brain waves all night long. So they don't know if the left half keeps "watch" all night, or whether it "works in shifts (轮换) with the right half later in the night"研究人员并没有整晚都在测量脑电波。因此，他们不知道左半部分是否整夜"值班"，或者它是否"在深夜与右半部分轮班工作""可知由于没有整夜不间断地测量脑电波，所以他们不知道大脑是如何工作的，故选A。
44．词义猜测题。根据文章最后一段句子"For some, this research may be culming It is good to know that our brain is "looking out for us" in a new place."可知在某些方面，这次研究是让人高兴的，因为我们的大脑在一个新的地方"寻找我们"，这是一件好事。故选A。
45．推理判断题。根据文章第一段句子"Have you ever had trouble sleeping in a new place "和第二段"Lots of people do.And now researchers from Brown University in Rhode Island think they know why."可知这是关于睡眠的一项研究，可能来自科学杂志。故选D。
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