备战2024年中考英语阅读话题训练二 人与社会 主题10 时代榜样
一、阅读理解
（2024·长春模拟） 根据短文内容， 选择最佳答案。
What can you achieve in five days Learn a dance Read a book Or go on a road trip What about winning four gold medals You may think it is impossible, but a teenage girl has done just that!
Last October, at the 2022 ISSF World Championships in Cairo, Egypt, Pang Yuqian won four gold medals in the 50-meter rifle（步枪） events in five days. It was her first international competition, but Pang, an 18-year-old high school student from Sichuan, made quite a debut（首次亮相）.
It is widely known that a lot of things are required of a player in shooting sports, and one of them is concentration. "She is little, thin and quiet, but she will put all her attention on the rifle as long as she holds it in her hands. "Pang's coach said. What's more, she is strict with herself and often asks her coach for advice even though she is a natural for the sport. Before winning the four medals, she practiced really hard. Now, thanks to years of training, Pang is already a world-class shooter.
After winning the four gold medals, Pang kept telling her parents to keep a low profile（保持低调）and asked them not to post anything about her or her achievements on WeChat Moments, but her mom didn't listen. She shared the story of her daughter online anyway, but who can blame（责怪） her After all, not everyone can achieve in a lifetime what Pang has already achieved as a teenager.
Pang shot for the moon and got it. What a great role model to us! Come on, everyone, let's make big plans and dream big dreams . Even if we miss the moon, we'll still land among the stars!
1．What does the writer think of winning four gold medals in five days
A．Normal. B．Unbelievable. C．Easy. D．Interesting.
2．Which is the right order of the following facts
①Pang practiced hard before the competition.
②Pang won four gold medals in the 50-meter rifle events.
③Pang told her parents not to post anything about her on the Internet.
④Pang's mom shared Pang's achievements online.
A．②①③④ B．①②③④ C．①②④③ D．②①④③
3．What does the underlined word "concentration" in Paragraph 3 mean in Chinese
A．毅力 B．坚持 C．专注 D．活力
4．Why did Pang's mom want to share Pang's story with others
A．Because she wanted to show off.
B．Because she was proud of her daughter and wanted to share her happiness.
C．Because she wanted her daughter to become better.
D．Because she wanted others to praise her daughter.
5．Which is the best title of the passage
A．An Important Shooting Experience.
B．Four Gold Medals.
C．A Debut in an International Competition.
D．She Shot the Moon.
【答案】1．B
2．B
3．C
4．B
5．B
【知识点】记叙文；对社会有突出贡献的人物事迹
【解析】【分析】文章大意：本文通过简介在世锦赛上，夺得了50米步枪项目四枚金牌的庞玉倩的事迹号召大家行动起来，制定计划，为梦想而努力。
【点评】考查阅读理解。首先通读全文，了解短文大意，其次分析问题，抓住问题关键词，在文中寻找相关的信息，确定答案，最后再检查一遍，确保答案正确。
1．细节理解题。根据 You may think it is impossible, but a teenage girl has done just that!可知作者认为五天内获得四枚金牌是不可相信的。故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据Before winning the four medals, she practiced really hard. 可知在获得四枚奖牌之前，她刻苦训练。根据After winning the four gold medals, Pang kept telling her parents to keep a low profile(保持低) and asked them not to post anything about her or her achievements on WeChat Moments,。可知赢得四枚金牌后，庞一直告诉她的父母要保持低调，并要求他们不要在微信朋友圈上发布任何有关她或她的成就的信息。根据 She shared the story of her daughter online anyway 可知她妈妈在网上分享了女儿的故事。故选B。
3．词义猜测题。根据 she will put all her attention on the rifle as long as she holds it in her hands. 可知只要她手里拿着步枪，她就会把所有的注意力都放在步枪上。因此画线单词的意思是"专注"。故选C。
4．细节理解题。根据After all, not everyone can achieve in a lifetime what Pang has already achieved as a teenager. 可知并不是每个人都能在一生中达到庞在青少年时期所取得的成就。因此庞妈妈要与别人分享庞的故事是因为她为自己的女儿感到骄傲，并想分享她的快乐。故选B。
5．最佳标题题。本文通过简介在世锦赛上，夺得了50米步枪项目四枚金牌的庞玉倩的事迹号召大家行动起来，制定计划，为梦想而努力。整个故事都是围绕四块金牌引起的，因此选项B"四块金牌"符合题意。故选B。
（2024·罗湖模拟） 阅读理解
An exhibition of paintings by autistic（患自闭症的）students was held in Futian District on April4th, the 16th World Autism Awareness Day. The works on the exhibition were created by students from the Shenzhen Employment Assistance Base for Autistic Spectrum Disorders.
The founder of the base, Su Ting, who is also an art teacher, said that the exhibition aimed to raise the autistic students' awareness so that they can create value and achieve their dreams. Painting is not just a skill but a key to open their minds and improve their quality of life.
Zhong Jiayu, one of the students, joined the base 10 years ago and focused on watching and drawing fish for hours each day. Zhong's mother tried to force her to change, but Su discovered her talent and helped her in drawing fish. "At the beginning, we provided her with different types of fish and let her watch the differences, which made her drawing skills better in such a relaxing environment. " Su said.
After a year, Zhong stopped drawing fish and started to draw things she saw, and her style became clean, clear, and simple. On the exhibition, Zhong created a few excellent pictures.
So far, the base has helped over 60 autistic students develop skills and talents for employment. The base also opened a charity shop a year ago to sell the works created by the students, with the income（收入）used for the creation and arts lessons for the students. Su said that if the students can find a job, they will be happy for them. If they cannot, they can help them through the base.
6．Why was the exhibition held
A．To improve teachers' painting skills.
B．To raise students' interest in drawing.
C．To help autistic students achieve self-worth.
D．To encourage an open mind on creation at school.
7．How did Su help Zhong Jiayu
A．By forcing her to change her focus.
B．By stopping her from watching fish.
C．By providing her with a clean environment in the base.
D．By finding her talent and improving her drawing skills.
8．What happened to Zhong Jiayu after a year's fish drawing
A．Her drawings sold very well. B．She began to teach drawing.
C．Her drawing style was formed. D．She could draw any fish she saw.
9．What is the passage mainly about
A．A charity shop sold works to support autistic students.
B．An exhibition of photos by autistic students was held in Futian.
C．The 16th World Autism Awareness Day caught people's attention.
D．A base helped autistic students develop skills and get ready for work.
10．Where can you probably read the passage
A．In a story book. B．In a newspaper.
C．In a sport magazine. D．In a science book.
【答案】6．C
7．D
8．C
9．D
10．B
【知识点】新闻报道类；对社会有突出贡献的人物事迹；细节理解；推理判断；文章大意
【解析】【分析】本文主要讲述了一个自闭症儿童援助基地的创始人苏婷帮助自闭症学生发展技能并为将来的工作做好准备的故事。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题，推断题，和主旨题，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息，主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。
6．推断题。根据the exhibition aimed to raise the autistic students' awareness so that they can create value and achieve their dreams可知，该展览旨在提高自闭症学生的意识，使他们能够创造价值，实现梦想，由此推知，举办这个展览的原因是帮助自闭症学生实现自我价值。故选C。
7．细节题。根据Su discovered her talent and helped her in drawing fish. ‘At the beginning, we provided her with different types of fish and let her watch the differences, which made her drawing skills better in such a relaxing environment.可知，苏婷通过发现钟佳宇的才能和提高她的绘画技能来帮助她。故选D。
8．推断题。根据After a year, Zhong stopped drawing fish and started to draw things she saw, and her style became clean, clear, and simple可知，一年后，钟佳宇的画变得干净、清晰和简单，由此推知，她有了自己的绘画风格。故选C。
9．主旨题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了一个自闭症儿童援助基地的创始人苏婷帮助自闭症学生发展技能并为将来的工作做好准备的故事。故选D。
10．推断题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了一个自闭症儿童援助基地的创始人苏婷帮助自闭症学生发展技能并为将来的工作做好准备的故事。因此，你有可能在报纸上读到这篇文章。故选B。
（2020·呼和浩特） 阅读理解
New trains run across rocky mountains and the Great Wall to the north of Beijing like bullets（子弹）. They run on a high-speed railway line between Beijing and Zhangjiakou. The opening was on Dec 30, 2019.
The railway is an important support project for the 2022 Winter Olympics. The 174-km railway's trains move at a top speed of 350 km/h. This reduces the travel time between Beijing and Zhangjiakou, the Winter Games will be held there, from over three hours to only 47 minutes. It has 10 stops in total. It will help improve tourism. There are places of interest nearby.
Some of the trains on this railway are smart trains that can run by themselves. With the help of the Beidou Navigation Satellite System, they can automatically（自动）start, run between stations, change their timing according to the time table, correctly stop at a station, and open and close their doors. Passengers can also watch live sports programmes during the Winter Olympics on the train, which is helped with 5G technology.
Some people consider Zhan Tianyou as "the father of China's railways". Who is Zhan Tianyou In 1872, the Qing government chose 30 young boys to be sent to the US to study. They were the first students in Chinese history to study abroad. Zhan Tianyou was one of them. After graduating from Yale University, Zhan came back to China. In 1905, the Qing government decided to build a railroad between Beijng and Zhangjiakou. Zhan, who studied engineering, led the project. The project is best-known for its Y-shaped switchback（人字形坡路）. There are many mountains along the Beijng-Zhangjiakou railway. It was difficult for trains to climb the mountains.
He led construction（建设）on the old Beijing—Zhangjiakou railway, China's first independently—designed railway. It was not possible to build a railway without foreign help at that time. But Zhan, the head engineer of the railway project, insisted（坚持） that it could be done. Zhan came up with an idea to reduce the slope（坡度）: a Y-shaped switchback. Instead of going directly from A to B along a steep（陡的）slope, the train goes from A to C first and then from C to B. This makes the slope much less steep.
After many difficulties, the Beijing—Zhangjiakou line went into operation in 1909. Its trains ran at 35 km/h.
As President Xi Jinping said, the Beijing-Zhangjiakou railway stands for the development of China's railways over more than a century, as well as China's development in general.
11．Which is not correct about the Beijing-Zhangjiakou high-speed railway
A．Its construction is of great value for the 2022 Winter Olympics.
B．It was based on the old Beijing-Zhangjiakou railway that was built by foreigners.
C．Not all of the trains on this railway are conducted by man.
D．The trains on this railway are faster than before.
12．Thanks to ____, the trains on the Beijing-Zhangjiakou high-speed railway can start automatically.
A．the Beidou Navigation Satellite System
B．Zhan Tianyou
C．5G technology
D．Yale University
13．Which is wrong about Zhan Tianyou
A．He is remembered as one of the most important engineers in Chinese history.
B．He took the advice of Qing government and designed V-shaped switchback on his own.
C．He was chosen and sent to the US to study engineering with other young boys in 1872.
D．Though he went through a lot of difficulties, he succeeded at last.
14．What do the underlined words mean They mean ____.
A．sports programmes that are happening while they are shown
B．sports programmes that are lively
C．sports programmes that are popular
D．sports programmes that last long time
15．Why was the old Beijing-Zhangjiakou railway designed its Y-shaped switchback
A．To help people know more about sightseeing nearby.
B．To make China's first independently-designed railway famous.
C．To make the trains speed up.
D．To reduce the difficulty of building.
【答案】11．B
12．A
13．B
14．A
15．D
【知识点】说明文；对社会有突出贡献的人物事迹；中国铁路建设
【解析】【分析】大意：文章介绍了京张铁路的背景和建造者詹天佑。
【点评】考查阅读理解。注意首先查看题干，划取问题关键词；再仔细阅读文章，排除错误及无关选项，选择正确答案。
11．细节理解题。根据第五段He led construction(建设) on the old Beijing—Zhangjiakou railway, China's first independently—designed railway. It was not possible to build a railway without foreign help at that time. But Zhan, the head engineer of the railway project, insisted(坚持) that it could be done. 他领导了中国第一条独立设计的铁路——老京张铁路的建设。当时没有外国的帮助是不可能修建铁路的。但詹，铁路项目的总工程师，坚持认为这是可以做到的，可知它不是以外国人修建的旧京张铁路为基础的。故选B。
12．细节理解题。根据第三段With the help of the Beidou Navigation Satellite System, they can automatically(自动) start, run between stations, change their timing according to the time table, correctly stop at a station, and open and close their doors. 在北斗导航卫星系统的帮助下，他们可以自动启动、在站点之间运行、根据时间表更改时间、正确停靠站点以及打开和关闭车门，可知感谢北斗导航卫星系统。故选A。
13．细节理解题。根据第四段After graduating from Yale University, Zhan came back to China. In 1905, the Qing government decided to build a railroad between Beijng and Zhangjiakou. Zhan, who studied engineering, led the project. The project is best-known for its Y-shaped switchback(人字形坡路). 从耶鲁大学毕业后，詹回到了中国。1905年，清政府决定在北京和张家口之间修建一条铁路。詹是工程专业的学生，他领导了这个项目。该项目以其Y形折返而闻名，可知不是V字形，B表述错误。故选B。
14．词义猜测题。根据during the Winter Olympics on the train, which is helped with 5G technology. 在5G技术的帮助下，可知应是可以实时观看正在播放的体育节目。故选A。
15．推断题。根据倒数第二段Zhan came up with an idea to reduce the slope(坡度): a Y-shaped switchback. Instead of going directly from A to B along a steep(陡的) slope, the train goes from A to C first and then from C to B. This makes the slope much less steep. 詹想出了一个减少坡度的主意：一个Y形的转弯。火车不是沿着陡峭的斜坡从A直接到B，而是先从A到C，然后从C到B。这使得斜坡不那么陡峭，可知是减少建造的难度。故选D。
16．（2020·鄂州）阅读理解
Tu Youyou,
pharmacologist, born in December 1930 Tu, winner of the 2015
Nobel Prize for the discovery of artemisinin, a kind of medicine used to
fight against malaria (疟疾) has
solved the problem of fighting against malaria and done a lot for scientific
and technological inventions in traditional Chinese medicine and human
health.
Zhang Fuqing, war
hero, born in December 1924 Zhang served as a
People's Liberation (解放)
Army soldier in the Liberation War and was twice given the name of War Hero.
He volunteered in 1955 to work in Laifeng County, Hubei Province's remotest
county, so he could give his life to the poor in the mountainous region.
Wang Youde, desert
fighter, born in September 1953 Wang led his partners
to build over 600,000 mu of sand-fixation (固定)
forest and managed to control nearly I million mu of quicksand, helpfully
preventing the development of the Maowusu Desert. His work offered valuable
experience to sand prevention and control in China.
Yuan Longping,
agriculturalist, born in September 1930 Yuan, the Father of
Hybrid Rice, was the first person in the world to develop a hybrid rice
strain, and his research on higher rice yields (产量) helped provide a solution to worldwide hunger and starvation.
（1）Which of the following is Tu Youyou's great achievement
A．Discovering artemisinin.
B．Serving the people in the poor region.
C．Preventing and controlling sand.
D．Developing a hybrid rice strain.
（2）Who used to be a soldier and then worked in the poor region
A．Tu Youyou B．Zhang Fuqing C．Wang Youde D．Yuan Longping
（3）What is Wang Youde doing for our country
A．He is doing a research on higher rice yields.
B．He is protecting the environment.
C．He is working on the inventions in human health
D．He is trying to help poor people to be rich.
（4）Which is the right statement
A．Zhang Fuqing is a desert fighter.
B．Tu Youyou is a war hero.
C．Wang Youde is the winner of the Nobel Prize.
D．Yuan Longping is the Father of Hybrid Rice.
（5）The passage may come from ________.
A．A storybook. B．A novel.
C．A newspaper. D．Science fiction.
【答案】（1）A
（2）B
（3）B
（4）D
（5）C
【知识点】说明文；对社会有突出贡献的人物事迹；感动中国
【解析】【分析】文章用表格形式介绍了屠呦呦、张福清、王有德和袁隆平四位名人的主要成就和事迹。
（1）细节理解题。根据“Tu, winner of the 2015 Nobel Prize for the discovery of artemisinin”可知屠呦呦的成就是发现了青蒿素。故选A。
（2）细节理解题。根据“Zhang served as a People's Liberation Army soldier in the Liberation War and was twice given the name of War Hero. He volunteered in 1955 to work in Laifeng County, Hubei Province's remotest county， so he could give his life to the poor in the mountainous region.”可知张富清过去是战士，然后在贫困地区工作。故选B。
（3）推理判断题。根据“Wang led his partners to build over 600,000 mu of sand-fixation (固定) forest and managed to control nearly I million mu of quicksand, helpfully preventing the development of the Maowusu Desert. His work offered valuable experience to sand prevention and control in China” 可知王有德主要的成绩是阻止和控制沙漠，即为国家做出的巨大贡献是保护环境。故选B。
（4）推理判断题。根据“Tu,winner of the 2015 Nobel Prize”可知A选项表述错误；根据“Zhang Fuqing, war hero” 可知B选项表述错误；根据“Wang Youde,desert fighter” 可知C选项表述错误；根据“Yuan, the Father of Hybrid Rice”可知D选项表述正确。故选D。
（5）推理判断题。a storybook故事书；a novel小说；a newspaper报纸；science fiction科幻。这篇文章主要介绍了屠呦呦、张福清、王有德和袁隆平四位名人的主要成就和事迹。可推断来自报纸。故选C。
【点评】考查阅读理解。首先通读全文，理解文章大意，然后分析问题和选项，从文中找到依据，最后得出答案。
（2020·锦江模拟）阅读下面一篇短文，根据短文内容选择正确答案。
Margaret Thatcher Thatcher had a big influence on the man's world— politics （政治）. She was Britain's first leading lady and served as the UK's prime minister from 1979 to 1990— the first prime minister to do so in over 160 years. Thatcher managed to make her country stronger. She took a tough （强硬的） position against the Soviet Union （苏联） and led a war against Argentina. Although many people disliked her, she stuck to her rules and was successful in the end. Her toughness won her a name "The Iron Lady". Lived: 1925—2013 Country: UK Known as: Britain's first female prime minister "If you want something said, ask a man; if you want something done, ask a woman.
Billie Holiday Holiday is often described as a talent. Her voice not only moved listeners, but also shook American society. During her time, American society was still segregated （种族隔离的）.As an African—American, Holiday lived a difficult life. But this also brought inspiration to her singing. Holiday worked with white bands in the 1930s, which was ground-breaking （开拓性的） at that time. She recorded a song called Strange Fruit that was about the great pain of African—Americans. Holiday taught Americans to question their segregated society. Lived: 1915—1959 Country: US Known as; world—famous jazz singer "If I'm going to sing like someone else, then I don't need to sing at all"
Tu Youyou Tu is a chemist who studies traditional Chinese medicine. She started to look for something that can treat malaria （疟疾） in the 1960s. At that time, almost half of the world's population was at risk of having the illness. Getting inspiration from traditional Chinese medicine, Tu found artemisinin （青高素） in a plant in 1971 that could treat malaria. In 2015, Tu received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. She is the first Chinese woman to win a Nobel Prize. Lived: 1930—present Country: China Known as: Nobel Prize winning chemist "Every scientist dreams of doing something that can help the world"
17．For the three women, what is in common
A．They all got their fame in the twentieth century.
B．They all have a great influence in their own fields.
C．They all tried their best to show women could do better than men.
18．What is true about Margaret Thatcher？
A．She ruled her country cruelly.
B．She believed that action speaks louder than words.
C．At the age of 66, she was still the UK's prime minister.
19．Billie Holiday with her songs.
A．showed she was different from white people
B．taught Americans to ask their society for help
C．described how hard African—Americans lived at that time
20．From the passage about Tu Youyou, we can know .
A．it took her 44 years to find artemisinin
B．she won a Nobel Prize as soon as she found artemisinin
C．traditional Chinese medicine played a great role in finding artemisinin
21．What is the best title for the three passages together？
A．Women who make a difference
B．Women who won some great prizes
C．Women who are world—wide popular
【答案】17．B
18．B
19．C
20．C
21．A
【知识点】记叙文；对社会有突出贡献的人物事迹；感动中国
【解析】【分析】短文大意：本文主要讲述了三位在世界上有很大影响力的女人的故事。
【点评】考查人物传记类阅读。推理判断试题要求考生尽量考虑文中全部信息或事实，在通篇理解文章的基础上领会作者的言外之意，并作出正确的推理和判断。主旨大意题是在阅读和理解全文的基础上对文章进行归纳，概括和总结。不能只凭文中的只言片语而断章取义，需要在细读全文的基础上进行逻辑思维推理判断，从而获取文章中内含的信息。
17．细节理解题。A:她们都是在20世纪成名的。B:她们在各自的领域都有很大的影响力。C:她们都尽了最大的努力来证明女人可以比男人做得更好。根据第一段中Thatcher had a big influence on the man's world- politics.可知撒切尔夫人对男人的世界政治产生了很大的影响；根据Holiday is often described as a talent. Her voice not only moved listeners, but also shook American society.可知哈乐黛常被描述为一个天才，她的声音不仅感动了听众，也震动了美国社会。根据In2015, Tu received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. She is the first Chinese woman to win a Nobel Prize.可知2015年，屠呦呦获得了诺贝尔生理学或医学奖，她是第一位获得诺贝尔奖的中国女性。因此可知这三位女性在各自的领域都有很大的影响力，故答案为B。
18．推理判断题。A:她残酷地统治着她的国家。B:她相信行动胜于雄辩。C:她66岁了，还是英国首相。根据If you want something said, ask a man if you want something done, ask woman.可知如果你想说什么，就问一个男人；如果你想做什么，就问一个女人。因此可知撒切尔夫人相信行动胜于雄辩，故答案为B。
19．细节理解题。A:表明她和白人不同。B:教美国人向社会寻求帮助。C:描述了当时非裔美国人的生活。根据文中She recorded a song called Strange Fruit that Was about the great pain of African- Americans.可知她录制了一首名为《奇异的果实》的歌曲，讲述了非裔美国人的巨大痛苦。因此可知 Billie Holiday用她的歌曲描述了当时非裔美国人生活的艰辛，故答案为C。
20．细节理解题。A:她用了44年才找到青蒿素。B:她一发现青蒿素就获得了诺贝尔奖。C:中药对发现青蒿素起了很大作用。根据文中 Getting inspiration from traditional Chinese medicine, Tu found artemisinin(青蒿素) in a plant in 1971 that could treat malaria可知屠呦呦从中医学中得到灵感，于1971年在种植物中发现了可以治疗疟疾的青蒿素，故答案为C。
21．主旨大意题。A:有影响的女性。B:获得过一些大奖的女性。C:在世界范围内受欢迎的女性。根据全文内容可知本文主要讲述了三位在世界上有很大影响力的女人的故事，故答案为A。
22．（2019·江西模拟）阅读理解
Nelson Mandela, South Africa's first black
president, died on Decembr5, 2013 at 95.
Mandela was born on July 18, 1918. He grew
up in a poor village in South Africa. At school, Mandela learned about African
history and the fight against racism(种族歧视).He wanted to help his countrymen. Later Mandela studied law at a
university. He also joined a group that fought against apartheid(种族隔离).At that time, in South
Africa, blacks were not allowed to use the same public toilets or chairs as
whites, and they couldn't travel on the same buses as whites, either. Mandela
hated this and he traveled all over South Africa and fought to end apartheid.
As a result, he was put into prison(监狱) and stayed about 27 years there.
On February 10, 1990, South African
President F.W. de Klerk released(释放)Mandela from prison, and the two worked together to end apartheid.
Three years later, they won the Nobel Peace Prize,
In1994, Mandela became President of South
Africa. One year later, he created the Nelson Mandela Children's Fund, a
charity that helps poor South African children." Children are the future
of our country," he said in an interview in2002. "They must be given
love."
Mandela served as President until 1999. He
worked to improve housing and education for the country's large black
population.
（1）Nelson Mandela won Nobel Peace Prize in .
A．1990 B．1993 C．1999 D．2013
（2）Nelson Mandela served as President of South Africa for years.
A．5 B．9 C．13 D．27
（3）According to Nelson Mandela, people must give children .
A．freedom B．family C．wealth D．love
（4）What do we know about Nelson Mandela from the passage
A．He grew up in a small city in South Africa.
B．He was South Africa's first black president.
C．He was South Africa's first black to study law.
D．He was put into prison because he traveled on the same buses as whites.
【答案】（1）B
（2）A
（3）D
（4）B
【知识点】对社会有突出贡献的人物事迹
【解析】【分析】
短文大意：这篇短文主要介绍了南非前总统曼德拉的生平事迹，他因为反对种族隔离制度，被判终身监禁，并在监狱中度过了27年的生活。在1994年，成为南非第一位黑人总统。
（1）细节理解题。根据
On February 10, 1990, South African President F.W. de Klerk released(释放)Mandela from prison, and the two worked together to end apartheid. Three years later, they won the Nobel Peace Prize.在1990年2月10日南非总统把曼德拉从监狱放出，这两人一起工作到种族隔离结束。三年后，他们获得了诺贝尔奖。可知在1993年他获得诺贝尔奖。故选B。
（2）细节理解题。根据 In1994, Mandela became President of South Africa. Mandela served as President until 1999. 从1994年开始做总统到1999年结束，可知共工作了五年。故选A。
（3）细节理解题。根据One year later, he created the Nelson Mandela Children's Fund, a charity that helps poor South African children." Children are the future of our country," he said in an interview in2002. "They must be given love." 一年后，他创立了曼德拉儿童基金会，一个慈善事情帮助南非贫困孩子们。“孩子们是我们国家的未来”在2002年的一次访问中他说。“一定要给他们爱。”可知曼德拉的意思是人们必须给孩子们爱。故选D。
（4）细节理解题。根据Nelson Mandela, South Africa's first black president, died on Decembr5, 2013 at 95.可知曼德拉是南非的第一个黑人总统。故选B。
【点评】此题考查阅读理解。这是一篇介绍人物的短文阅读理解。内容简单，对于细节理解问题，我们要仔细阅读短文，在理解题意的基础上，从短文的细节中找出问题的正确答案。
23．（2019·广州模拟）阅读理解
On October5,
Tu Youyou, 84, became the first Chinese to win a Nobel Prize in natural science.
She is only the12th woman in history to be awarded the honor.
Tu was born
in Ningbo, Zhejiang, China on 30 December 1930.
She once studied at Xiaoshi Middle School and Ningbo Middle School. Her teacher said that Tu liked
reading books and she was very hard-working. From 1951 to 1955, she attended Beijing
Medical College. Later Tu was trained for two and a half years in traditional Chinese medicine.
Tu was given
the award for her discovery of artemisinin(青蒿素), which has been developed to fight against malaria(疟疾). When Tu started her search in the late 1960s, over 240,000 compounds(化合物) around the world had already been tested, without any success. Her
interest in traditional Chinese medicine drew her to ancient texts and finally found
the sweet wormwood(青蒿),which had been used to treat malaria
in China around 400 A.D. After more than190 failures, she invented the right drug
in 1971.
Tu Youyou doesn't
have a Ph.D., neither has she ever studied or worked overseas. One former colleague,
Liao Fuming, who has worked with Tu for more than 40 years, describes her as a "tough
and stubborn(固执) woman."
Tu is stubborn
enough to spend many years putting ancient texts together and use them in modern
scientific practices. The result is millions of lives saved.
"She has
done wonderful contribution to the world with her work, she really deserves it!
It's a blessing for the Chinese people, as it is for the world!" Mats Wahlgren,
member of the Nobel Assembly said.
（1）How old was Tu Youyou when she graduated from Beijing Medical College
A．12 years old. B．21 years old. C．25 years old. D．28 years old.
（2）By saying "over 240,000 compounds around the world had already been tested, without any success.", the writer wants to tell us that____________________.
A．Tu's research work against malaria was very difficult
B．scientists at that time were good at testing medicine
C．Tu got a lot of help from the world with her research work
D．scientists had successfully inventing medicine against malaria
（3）Where did Tu finally find the medicine she wanted
A．At her middle school library. B．In Chinese ancient texts.
C．In universities abroad. D．In modern science magazines.
（4）Which of the words best describes Tu Youyou
A．Proud. B．Humorous. C．Active. D．Hard-working.
（5）What is the best title for the passage
A．Tu Wins the Nobel Prize B．Tu, a clever Chinese woman
C．Traditional Chinese medicine D．How malaria was defeated
【答案】（1）C
（2）A
（3）B
（4）D
（5）A
【知识点】记叙文；对社会有突出贡献的人物事迹；感动中国
【解析】【分析】文章大意：本文主要介绍了屠呦呦的生平事迹。
（1）理解计算题。根据文中的语句From 1951 to 1955, she attended Beijing Medical College. 与Tu was born in Ningbo, Zhejiang, China on 30 December 1930. 理解可知，屠呦呦在25岁时从北京医学院毕业，故选C。
（2）理解归纳题。根据文中的语句When Tu started her search in the late 1960s, over 240,000 compounds(化合物) around the world had already been tested, without any success. 理解可知，通过这个数据可以推断屠呦呦的抗疟疾研究工作非常困难。故选A。
（3）细节理解题。根据文中的语句Her interest in traditional Chinese medicine drew her to ancient texts and finally found the sweet wormwood,which had been used to treat malaria in China around 400 A.D. After more than190 failures, she invented the right drug in 1971.理解可知，屠呦呦在中国古代文献中找到了青蒿素，故选B。
（4）细节理解题。根据文中的语句One former colleague, Liao Fuming, who has worked with Tu for more than 40 years, describes her as a "tough and stubborn woman."理解可知，屠呦呦是一个工作很刻苦的人，故选D。
（5）标题推断题。通读 全文可知此文主要介绍了屠呦呦的生平事迹以及在她84岁时获得诺贝尔自然科学奖，故选A。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本文考查细节题和主旨题等常考题型，细节题要注意从文中抓住关键词寻找答案；主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出主题句。
（2024·贵阳模拟）阅读理解
Evans Wadongo was from a poor village of Africa.He had to do homework by the light of a kerosene lamp（煤油灯）.Evans' eyes hurt and this made studying difficult.
However，Evans was excellent enough to enter a university.But he continued to worry about the kerosene lamp.He realized it was not just bad for school children but for the whole family.First，it can cause illnesses such as coughs.Also，it can lead to fires.Lastly，kerosene is expensive
One day，he had an idea.He could use a small solar（太阳能） light.Sunlight is free and solar power is clean.Evans built his first solar lamp，and it worked.He began to build more lamps and sent them to local families.An organization heard about this and provided money for him to build more solar lamps.
Each lamp only cost ＄20.However，this was a lot of money to many villagers，so Evans made sure he kept the cost down.He used recycled materials and ask volunteers to build the lamps.Finally，so the lamps were usually free.
The solar lamps made a big difference to thousands of people.Julia，a mother of three，said，my children have light to read，and I have my own light to cook."
24．The underlined word"this"in Paragraph 1 refers to ____.
A．living in a poor village
B．entering a university
C．having eye problems
25．Which of the following is the correct order of the story
a.Evans went to a university.
b.Thousands of people had safe light.
c.His first solar lamp was invented.
d.Kerosene lamps hurt Evans' eyes.
e.Recycled materials were used in the lamps.
f.People from many countries gave away money.
A．d﹣a﹣c﹣e﹣f﹣b B．b﹣f﹣d﹣a﹣e﹣c C．a﹣d﹣f﹣e﹣c﹣b
26．The purpose of giving Julia's example in Paragraph 5 is ____.
A．to express Julia's thanks to the government
B．to show Evans' influence
C．to describe Evans' feelings
27．The best title of the passage would be ____.
A．Evans—A Poor but Talented Boy
B．Evans and His Great Invention
C．The Use of a Small Solar Light
【答案】24．C
25．A
26．B
27．B
【知识点】说明文；对社会有突出贡献的人物事迹；细节理解；推理判断；代词指代
【解析】【分析】文章大意：本文主要讲述了Evans发明并制作太阳能灯的过程。
【点评】考查阅读理解。英语阅读理解题目有不同的类型，如代词指代题、细节理解题，标题选择题等，要根据题目类型，采用不同的解题方法。
24．代词指代题。根据画线词所在句"Evans' eyes hurt and this made studying difficult."可知，Evans的眼睛疼，这使学习很困难。this指代前面提到的眼睛疼这个问题。故选C。
25．细节理解题。根据第一段中"He had to do homework by the light of a kerosene lamp. Evans' eyes hurt and this made studying difficult."（d）；第二段中"However, Evans was excellent enough to enter a university."（a）；第三段中" Evans built his first solar lamp, and it worked. "（c）；第四段中"He used recycled materials and ask volunteers to build the lamps. "（e）；第四段中" Finally, people from many countries gave away money to his team, so the lamps were usually free."（f）；最后一段中"The solar lamps made a big difference to thousands of people. "（b）可知，事件的正确顺序为d-a-c-e-f-b。 故选A。
26．推理判断题。根据最后一段中"Thanks to Evans, my children have light to read, and I have my own light to cook."可知，作者在第5段给出了朱莉娅的例子是为了说明Evans发明太阳能灯带来的影响。故选B。
27．标题选择题。通读全文可知，文章本文主要讲述了Evans发明太阳能灯的故事，因此B项"Evans和他的伟大发明"最适合作本文标题。故选B。
（2024·杭州模拟） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C 和D)中选出最佳选项。
The Mogao Caves are a very special place in China, which are located in Dunhuang, Gansu Province. The Mogao Caves are thousands of years old and were listed as a world heritage(遗产)site by UNESCO in 1987.
Many people, including archaeologists(考古学家) and researchers, work hard to take care of the Mogao Caves and learn more about them. Fan Jinshi is one of them.
Fan was born in Beijing on July 9, 1938. Her father was a graduate of Tsinghua University and had a strong interest in Chinese classical art and culture.
Influenced by her father, Fan liked visiting museums when she was in middle school. With the great love of Chinese culture, she studied in the archaeology department in Peking University and graduated in 1963. Then she started working at Dunhuang and has worked there ever since. She spends almost 60 years taking care of Dunhuang. People call her the" Daughter of Dunhuang" .
On May 4, 2023, " Daughter of Dunhuang" Fan Jinshi returned to Peking University and brought back 10 million RMB donations to set up the Fan Jinshi Education Fund(基金) to ▲ .
" Money made should be spent in the right way. People cannot only think of themselves," she said " Hopefully the setting of the Fund can help Dunhuang studies at the university, so it can rarse cultural confidence and strength."
28．How long has Fan Jinshi worked at Dunhuang
A．For almost forty years. B．For about eighty years.
C．For almost sixty years. D．For over seventy years.
29．What does the underlined word" them" in Paragraph 2 refer to
A．Archaeologists. B．The Mogao Caves.
C．Researchers. D．World heritage sites.
30．Which of the following can be put into" ▲ " in Paragraph 5
A．tell people more about Dunhuang and teach the classical art
B．take care of the Mogao Caves and learn more about them
C．support the research of Dunhuang studies at Peking University
D．help take care of Dunhuang and get pictures for the museum
31．What's the best title for the passage
A．Protecting Dunhuang
B．Fan Jinshi:" Daughter of Dunhuang"
C．Helping Dunhuang Studies
D．A Great Daughter
【答案】28．C
29．B
30．C
31．B
【知识点】记叙文；对社会有突出贡献的人物事迹
【解析】【分析】文章大意：文章主要讲述了被誉为"敦煌女儿"的樊锦诗在保护莫高窟上所付出的努力和做出的贡献。
【点评】考查阅读理解。英语阅读理解题目有不同的类型，如标题选择题、推理判断题、代词指代题、细节理解题等，要根据题目类型，采用不同的解题方法。
28．细节理解题。根据第四段中"Then she started working at Dunhuang and has worked there ever since. She spends almost 60 years taking care of Dunhuang. "可知，樊锦诗在敦煌工作了约六十年。故选C。
29．代词指代题。根据第二段中"Many people, including archaeologists and researchers, work hard to take care of the Mogao Caves and learn more about them."可知，them指代前面提到的the Mogao Caves。 故选B。
30．推理判断题。根据最后一段中"Hopefully the setting of the Fund can help Dunhuang studies at the university, so it can raise cultural confidence and strength." 可知，成立樊锦诗教育基金是为了支持敦煌非遗成果在大学的研究，选项C"支持北京大学敦煌研究"，符合语境。故选C。
31．标题选择题。通读全文内容，特别是根据第四段中"Then she started working at Dunhuang and has worked there ever since. She spends almost 60 years taking care of Dunhuang. People call her the ‘Daughter of Dunhuang' ."可知，文章主要介绍了被人们誉为"敦煌女儿"的樊锦诗为保护敦煌所做出的努力和贡献，因此选项B"樊锦诗：敦煌之女"最适合作本文的标题。故选B。
32．（2020·深圳模拟）阅读下面短文，从下面每小题的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
Chinese writer Mo Yan won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 2012. Mo, who was born in 1955 into a farmer's family in Gaomi County in Shandong Province, is the first Chinese national to win the Nobel Prize in Literature. In his early years, life was not easy and he experienced hunger（饥饿）. These things have influenced Mo Yan's later writings.
60-year-old Park Geun-hye(朴槿惠)was elected（选举）the new President of South Korea in December, 2012. She becomes the country's first female head of state and her term will last five years from 2013. "I will become a president who puts people's living before anything else," she told the cheering People in central Seoul as she accepted her win. "I will keep my promises."
Barack Obama ( born in Honolulu, Hawaii in 1961), who was elected the 44thPresident of the United States in 2008, has been elected again to a second term, fighting against Republican challenger Mitt Romney. Obama is a graduate of Columbia University and Harvard Law School. His father was from Kenya. And his mother was born in Wichits, Kansas.
（1）When Mo Yan was young, his family might be .
A．big B．poor C．rich D．small
（2）When was Park Geun-hye born ____________
A．In 1952. B．In 1955. C．In 1961. D．In 1987.
（3）Where was Barack Obama born ________________
A．In Kansas. B．In Kenya. C．In Columbia. D．In Hawaii.
（4）Which of the following is NOT true about the passages ___________
A．The writer Mo Yan lived in a big city before he got the prize.
B．Park Geun-hye will lead South Korea till the year 2018.
C．Obama fought against his challenger Mitt Romney in the election.
D．Among the three persons, Park Geun-hye is the oldest.
【答案】（1）B
（2）A
（3）D
（4）A
【知识点】对社会有突出贡献的人物事迹
【解析】【分析】短文大意：这篇短文讲的是三个有名的人包括诺贝尔奖获得者莫言，韩国总统朴槿惠和美国总统奥巴马的个人简介。
（1）推理判断题。根据文中信息In his early years, life was not easy and he experienced hunger可知莫言小时候家里很贫穷，故选B。
（2）推理判断题。根据文中信息Park Geun-hue（朴槿惠）is 64 years old this year可计算出朴槿惠生于1952年，故选A。
（3）细节理解题。根据文中信息Barack Obama (born in Honolulu…可知奥巴马生于夏威夷州，故选D。
（4）细节理解题。根据文中信息Chinese writer Mo Yan won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 2012. Mo, who was born in 1955 from a farmer's family in Gaomi county in Shandong Province可以判断A项说法错误，故选A。
【点评】考查阅读理解。先阅读短文，理解短文大意。然后进行审题，带着问题阅读短文，从短文的细节中找出细节理解问题答案。对于推理判断题，要根据文章的内容确定。
1 / 1备战2024年中考英语阅读话题训练二 人与社会 主题10 时代榜样
一、阅读理解
（2024·长春模拟） 根据短文内容， 选择最佳答案。
What can you achieve in five days Learn a dance Read a book Or go on a road trip What about winning four gold medals You may think it is impossible, but a teenage girl has done just that!
Last October, at the 2022 ISSF World Championships in Cairo, Egypt, Pang Yuqian won four gold medals in the 50-meter rifle（步枪） events in five days. It was her first international competition, but Pang, an 18-year-old high school student from Sichuan, made quite a debut（首次亮相）.
It is widely known that a lot of things are required of a player in shooting sports, and one of them is concentration. "She is little, thin and quiet, but she will put all her attention on the rifle as long as she holds it in her hands. "Pang's coach said. What's more, she is strict with herself and often asks her coach for advice even though she is a natural for the sport. Before winning the four medals, she practiced really hard. Now, thanks to years of training, Pang is already a world-class shooter.
After winning the four gold medals, Pang kept telling her parents to keep a low profile（保持低调）and asked them not to post anything about her or her achievements on WeChat Moments, but her mom didn't listen. She shared the story of her daughter online anyway, but who can blame（责怪） her After all, not everyone can achieve in a lifetime what Pang has already achieved as a teenager.
Pang shot for the moon and got it. What a great role model to us! Come on, everyone, let's make big plans and dream big dreams . Even if we miss the moon, we'll still land among the stars!
1．What does the writer think of winning four gold medals in five days
A．Normal. B．Unbelievable. C．Easy. D．Interesting.
2．Which is the right order of the following facts
①Pang practiced hard before the competition.
②Pang won four gold medals in the 50-meter rifle events.
③Pang told her parents not to post anything about her on the Internet.
④Pang's mom shared Pang's achievements online.
A．②①③④ B．①②③④ C．①②④③ D．②①④③
3．What does the underlined word "concentration" in Paragraph 3 mean in Chinese
A．毅力 B．坚持 C．专注 D．活力
4．Why did Pang's mom want to share Pang's story with others
A．Because she wanted to show off.
B．Because she was proud of her daughter and wanted to share her happiness.
C．Because she wanted her daughter to become better.
D．Because she wanted others to praise her daughter.
5．Which is the best title of the passage
A．An Important Shooting Experience.
B．Four Gold Medals.
C．A Debut in an International Competition.
D．She Shot the Moon.
（2024·罗湖模拟） 阅读理解
An exhibition of paintings by autistic（患自闭症的）students was held in Futian District on April4th, the 16th World Autism Awareness Day. The works on the exhibition were created by students from the Shenzhen Employment Assistance Base for Autistic Spectrum Disorders.
The founder of the base, Su Ting, who is also an art teacher, said that the exhibition aimed to raise the autistic students' awareness so that they can create value and achieve their dreams. Painting is not just a skill but a key to open their minds and improve their quality of life.
Zhong Jiayu, one of the students, joined the base 10 years ago and focused on watching and drawing fish for hours each day. Zhong's mother tried to force her to change, but Su discovered her talent and helped her in drawing fish. "At the beginning, we provided her with different types of fish and let her watch the differences, which made her drawing skills better in such a relaxing environment. " Su said.
After a year, Zhong stopped drawing fish and started to draw things she saw, and her style became clean, clear, and simple. On the exhibition, Zhong created a few excellent pictures.
So far, the base has helped over 60 autistic students develop skills and talents for employment. The base also opened a charity shop a year ago to sell the works created by the students, with the income（收入）used for the creation and arts lessons for the students. Su said that if the students can find a job, they will be happy for them. If they cannot, they can help them through the base.
6．Why was the exhibition held
A．To improve teachers' painting skills.
B．To raise students' interest in drawing.
C．To help autistic students achieve self-worth.
D．To encourage an open mind on creation at school.
7．How did Su help Zhong Jiayu
A．By forcing her to change her focus.
B．By stopping her from watching fish.
C．By providing her with a clean environment in the base.
D．By finding her talent and improving her drawing skills.
8．What happened to Zhong Jiayu after a year's fish drawing
A．Her drawings sold very well. B．She began to teach drawing.
C．Her drawing style was formed. D．She could draw any fish she saw.
9．What is the passage mainly about
A．A charity shop sold works to support autistic students.
B．An exhibition of photos by autistic students was held in Futian.
C．The 16th World Autism Awareness Day caught people's attention.
D．A base helped autistic students develop skills and get ready for work.
10．Where can you probably read the passage
A．In a story book. B．In a newspaper.
C．In a sport magazine. D．In a science book.
（2020·呼和浩特） 阅读理解
New trains run across rocky mountains and the Great Wall to the north of Beijing like bullets（子弹）. They run on a high-speed railway line between Beijing and Zhangjiakou. The opening was on Dec 30, 2019.
The railway is an important support project for the 2022 Winter Olympics. The 174-km railway's trains move at a top speed of 350 km/h. This reduces the travel time between Beijing and Zhangjiakou, the Winter Games will be held there, from over three hours to only 47 minutes. It has 10 stops in total. It will help improve tourism. There are places of interest nearby.
Some of the trains on this railway are smart trains that can run by themselves. With the help of the Beidou Navigation Satellite System, they can automatically（自动）start, run between stations, change their timing according to the time table, correctly stop at a station, and open and close their doors. Passengers can also watch live sports programmes during the Winter Olympics on the train, which is helped with 5G technology.
Some people consider Zhan Tianyou as "the father of China's railways". Who is Zhan Tianyou In 1872, the Qing government chose 30 young boys to be sent to the US to study. They were the first students in Chinese history to study abroad. Zhan Tianyou was one of them. After graduating from Yale University, Zhan came back to China. In 1905, the Qing government decided to build a railroad between Beijng and Zhangjiakou. Zhan, who studied engineering, led the project. The project is best-known for its Y-shaped switchback（人字形坡路）. There are many mountains along the Beijng-Zhangjiakou railway. It was difficult for trains to climb the mountains.
He led construction（建设）on the old Beijing—Zhangjiakou railway, China's first independently—designed railway. It was not possible to build a railway without foreign help at that time. But Zhan, the head engineer of the railway project, insisted（坚持） that it could be done. Zhan came up with an idea to reduce the slope（坡度）: a Y-shaped switchback. Instead of going directly from A to B along a steep（陡的）slope, the train goes from A to C first and then from C to B. This makes the slope much less steep.
After many difficulties, the Beijing—Zhangjiakou line went into operation in 1909. Its trains ran at 35 km/h.
As President Xi Jinping said, the Beijing-Zhangjiakou railway stands for the development of China's railways over more than a century, as well as China's development in general.
11．Which is not correct about the Beijing-Zhangjiakou high-speed railway
A．Its construction is of great value for the 2022 Winter Olympics.
B．It was based on the old Beijing-Zhangjiakou railway that was built by foreigners.
C．Not all of the trains on this railway are conducted by man.
D．The trains on this railway are faster than before.
12．Thanks to ____, the trains on the Beijing-Zhangjiakou high-speed railway can start automatically.
A．the Beidou Navigation Satellite System
B．Zhan Tianyou
C．5G technology
D．Yale University
13．Which is wrong about Zhan Tianyou
A．He is remembered as one of the most important engineers in Chinese history.
B．He took the advice of Qing government and designed V-shaped switchback on his own.
C．He was chosen and sent to the US to study engineering with other young boys in 1872.
D．Though he went through a lot of difficulties, he succeeded at last.
14．What do the underlined words mean They mean ____.
A．sports programmes that are happening while they are shown
B．sports programmes that are lively
C．sports programmes that are popular
D．sports programmes that last long time
15．Why was the old Beijing-Zhangjiakou railway designed its Y-shaped switchback
A．To help people know more about sightseeing nearby.
B．To make China's first independently-designed railway famous.
C．To make the trains speed up.
D．To reduce the difficulty of building.
16．（2020·鄂州）阅读理解
Tu Youyou,
pharmacologist, born in December 1930 Tu, winner of the 2015
Nobel Prize for the discovery of artemisinin, a kind of medicine used to
fight against malaria (疟疾) has
solved the problem of fighting against malaria and done a lot for scientific
and technological inventions in traditional Chinese medicine and human
health.
Zhang Fuqing, war
hero, born in December 1924 Zhang served as a
People's Liberation (解放)
Army soldier in the Liberation War and was twice given the name of War Hero.
He volunteered in 1955 to work in Laifeng County, Hubei Province's remotest
county, so he could give his life to the poor in the mountainous region.
Wang Youde, desert
fighter, born in September 1953 Wang led his partners
to build over 600,000 mu of sand-fixation (固定)
forest and managed to control nearly I million mu of quicksand, helpfully
preventing the development of the Maowusu Desert. His work offered valuable
experience to sand prevention and control in China.
Yuan Longping,
agriculturalist, born in September 1930 Yuan, the Father of
Hybrid Rice, was the first person in the world to develop a hybrid rice
strain, and his research on higher rice yields (产量) helped provide a solution to worldwide hunger and starvation.
（1）Which of the following is Tu Youyou's great achievement
A．Discovering artemisinin.
B．Serving the people in the poor region.
C．Preventing and controlling sand.
D．Developing a hybrid rice strain.
（2）Who used to be a soldier and then worked in the poor region
A．Tu Youyou B．Zhang Fuqing C．Wang Youde D．Yuan Longping
（3）What is Wang Youde doing for our country
A．He is doing a research on higher rice yields.
B．He is protecting the environment.
C．He is working on the inventions in human health
D．He is trying to help poor people to be rich.
（4）Which is the right statement
A．Zhang Fuqing is a desert fighter.
B．Tu Youyou is a war hero.
C．Wang Youde is the winner of the Nobel Prize.
D．Yuan Longping is the Father of Hybrid Rice.
（5）The passage may come from ________.
A．A storybook. B．A novel.
C．A newspaper. D．Science fiction.
（2020·锦江模拟）阅读下面一篇短文，根据短文内容选择正确答案。
Margaret Thatcher Thatcher had a big influence on the man's world— politics （政治）. She was Britain's first leading lady and served as the UK's prime minister from 1979 to 1990— the first prime minister to do so in over 160 years. Thatcher managed to make her country stronger. She took a tough （强硬的） position against the Soviet Union （苏联） and led a war against Argentina. Although many people disliked her, she stuck to her rules and was successful in the end. Her toughness won her a name "The Iron Lady". Lived: 1925—2013 Country: UK Known as: Britain's first female prime minister "If you want something said, ask a man; if you want something done, ask a woman.
Billie Holiday Holiday is often described as a talent. Her voice not only moved listeners, but also shook American society. During her time, American society was still segregated （种族隔离的）.As an African—American, Holiday lived a difficult life. But this also brought inspiration to her singing. Holiday worked with white bands in the 1930s, which was ground-breaking （开拓性的） at that time. She recorded a song called Strange Fruit that was about the great pain of African—Americans. Holiday taught Americans to question their segregated society. Lived: 1915—1959 Country: US Known as; world—famous jazz singer "If I'm going to sing like someone else, then I don't need to sing at all"
Tu Youyou Tu is a chemist who studies traditional Chinese medicine. She started to look for something that can treat malaria （疟疾） in the 1960s. At that time, almost half of the world's population was at risk of having the illness. Getting inspiration from traditional Chinese medicine, Tu found artemisinin （青高素） in a plant in 1971 that could treat malaria. In 2015, Tu received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. She is the first Chinese woman to win a Nobel Prize. Lived: 1930—present Country: China Known as: Nobel Prize winning chemist "Every scientist dreams of doing something that can help the world"
17．For the three women, what is in common
A．They all got their fame in the twentieth century.
B．They all have a great influence in their own fields.
C．They all tried their best to show women could do better than men.
18．What is true about Margaret Thatcher？
A．She ruled her country cruelly.
B．She believed that action speaks louder than words.
C．At the age of 66, she was still the UK's prime minister.
19．Billie Holiday with her songs.
A．showed she was different from white people
B．taught Americans to ask their society for help
C．described how hard African—Americans lived at that time
20．From the passage about Tu Youyou, we can know .
A．it took her 44 years to find artemisinin
B．she won a Nobel Prize as soon as she found artemisinin
C．traditional Chinese medicine played a great role in finding artemisinin
21．What is the best title for the three passages together？
A．Women who make a difference
B．Women who won some great prizes
C．Women who are world—wide popular
22．（2019·江西模拟）阅读理解
Nelson Mandela, South Africa's first black
president, died on Decembr5, 2013 at 95.
Mandela was born on July 18, 1918. He grew
up in a poor village in South Africa. At school, Mandela learned about African
history and the fight against racism(种族歧视).He wanted to help his countrymen. Later Mandela studied law at a
university. He also joined a group that fought against apartheid(种族隔离).At that time, in South
Africa, blacks were not allowed to use the same public toilets or chairs as
whites, and they couldn't travel on the same buses as whites, either. Mandela
hated this and he traveled all over South Africa and fought to end apartheid.
As a result, he was put into prison(监狱) and stayed about 27 years there.
On February 10, 1990, South African
President F.W. de Klerk released(释放)Mandela from prison, and the two worked together to end apartheid.
Three years later, they won the Nobel Peace Prize,
In1994, Mandela became President of South
Africa. One year later, he created the Nelson Mandela Children's Fund, a
charity that helps poor South African children." Children are the future
of our country," he said in an interview in2002. "They must be given
love."
Mandela served as President until 1999. He
worked to improve housing and education for the country's large black
population.
（1）Nelson Mandela won Nobel Peace Prize in .
A．1990 B．1993 C．1999 D．2013
（2）Nelson Mandela served as President of South Africa for years.
A．5 B．9 C．13 D．27
（3）According to Nelson Mandela, people must give children .
A．freedom B．family C．wealth D．love
（4）What do we know about Nelson Mandela from the passage
A．He grew up in a small city in South Africa.
B．He was South Africa's first black president.
C．He was South Africa's first black to study law.
D．He was put into prison because he traveled on the same buses as whites.
23．（2019·广州模拟）阅读理解
On October5,
Tu Youyou, 84, became the first Chinese to win a Nobel Prize in natural science.
She is only the12th woman in history to be awarded the honor.
Tu was born
in Ningbo, Zhejiang, China on 30 December 1930.
She once studied at Xiaoshi Middle School and Ningbo Middle School. Her teacher said that Tu liked
reading books and she was very hard-working. From 1951 to 1955, she attended Beijing
Medical College. Later Tu was trained for two and a half years in traditional Chinese medicine.
Tu was given
the award for her discovery of artemisinin(青蒿素), which has been developed to fight against malaria(疟疾). When Tu started her search in the late 1960s, over 240,000 compounds(化合物) around the world had already been tested, without any success. Her
interest in traditional Chinese medicine drew her to ancient texts and finally found
the sweet wormwood(青蒿),which had been used to treat malaria
in China around 400 A.D. After more than190 failures, she invented the right drug
in 1971.
Tu Youyou doesn't
have a Ph.D., neither has she ever studied or worked overseas. One former colleague,
Liao Fuming, who has worked with Tu for more than 40 years, describes her as a "tough
and stubborn(固执) woman."
Tu is stubborn
enough to spend many years putting ancient texts together and use them in modern
scientific practices. The result is millions of lives saved.
"She has
done wonderful contribution to the world with her work, she really deserves it!
It's a blessing for the Chinese people, as it is for the world!" Mats Wahlgren,
member of the Nobel Assembly said.
（1）How old was Tu Youyou when she graduated from Beijing Medical College
A．12 years old. B．21 years old. C．25 years old. D．28 years old.
（2）By saying "over 240,000 compounds around the world had already been tested, without any success.", the writer wants to tell us that____________________.
A．Tu's research work against malaria was very difficult
B．scientists at that time were good at testing medicine
C．Tu got a lot of help from the world with her research work
D．scientists had successfully inventing medicine against malaria
（3）Where did Tu finally find the medicine she wanted
A．At her middle school library. B．In Chinese ancient texts.
C．In universities abroad. D．In modern science magazines.
（4）Which of the words best describes Tu Youyou
A．Proud. B．Humorous. C．Active. D．Hard-working.
（5）What is the best title for the passage
A．Tu Wins the Nobel Prize B．Tu, a clever Chinese woman
C．Traditional Chinese medicine D．How malaria was defeated
（2024·贵阳模拟）阅读理解
Evans Wadongo was from a poor village of Africa.He had to do homework by the light of a kerosene lamp（煤油灯）.Evans' eyes hurt and this made studying difficult.
However，Evans was excellent enough to enter a university.But he continued to worry about the kerosene lamp.He realized it was not just bad for school children but for the whole family.First，it can cause illnesses such as coughs.Also，it can lead to fires.Lastly，kerosene is expensive
One day，he had an idea.He could use a small solar（太阳能） light.Sunlight is free and solar power is clean.Evans built his first solar lamp，and it worked.He began to build more lamps and sent them to local families.An organization heard about this and provided money for him to build more solar lamps.
Each lamp only cost ＄20.However，this was a lot of money to many villagers，so Evans made sure he kept the cost down.He used recycled materials and ask volunteers to build the lamps.Finally，so the lamps were usually free.
The solar lamps made a big difference to thousands of people.Julia，a mother of three，said，my children have light to read，and I have my own light to cook."
24．The underlined word"this"in Paragraph 1 refers to ____.
A．living in a poor village
B．entering a university
C．having eye problems
25．Which of the following is the correct order of the story
a.Evans went to a university.
b.Thousands of people had safe light.
c.His first solar lamp was invented.
d.Kerosene lamps hurt Evans' eyes.
e.Recycled materials were used in the lamps.
f.People from many countries gave away money.
A．d﹣a﹣c﹣e﹣f﹣b B．b﹣f﹣d﹣a﹣e﹣c C．a﹣d﹣f﹣e﹣c﹣b
26．The purpose of giving Julia's example in Paragraph 5 is ____.
A．to express Julia's thanks to the government
B．to show Evans' influence
C．to describe Evans' feelings
27．The best title of the passage would be ____.
A．Evans—A Poor but Talented Boy
B．Evans and His Great Invention
C．The Use of a Small Solar Light
（2024·杭州模拟） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C 和D)中选出最佳选项。
The Mogao Caves are a very special place in China, which are located in Dunhuang, Gansu Province. The Mogao Caves are thousands of years old and were listed as a world heritage(遗产)site by UNESCO in 1987.
Many people, including archaeologists(考古学家) and researchers, work hard to take care of the Mogao Caves and learn more about them. Fan Jinshi is one of them.
Fan was born in Beijing on July 9, 1938. Her father was a graduate of Tsinghua University and had a strong interest in Chinese classical art and culture.
Influenced by her father, Fan liked visiting museums when she was in middle school. With the great love of Chinese culture, she studied in the archaeology department in Peking University and graduated in 1963. Then she started working at Dunhuang and has worked there ever since. She spends almost 60 years taking care of Dunhuang. People call her the" Daughter of Dunhuang" .
On May 4, 2023, " Daughter of Dunhuang" Fan Jinshi returned to Peking University and brought back 10 million RMB donations to set up the Fan Jinshi Education Fund(基金) to ▲ .
" Money made should be spent in the right way. People cannot only think of themselves," she said " Hopefully the setting of the Fund can help Dunhuang studies at the university, so it can rarse cultural confidence and strength."
28．How long has Fan Jinshi worked at Dunhuang
A．For almost forty years. B．For about eighty years.
C．For almost sixty years. D．For over seventy years.
29．What does the underlined word" them" in Paragraph 2 refer to
A．Archaeologists. B．The Mogao Caves.
C．Researchers. D．World heritage sites.
30．Which of the following can be put into" ▲ " in Paragraph 5
A．tell people more about Dunhuang and teach the classical art
B．take care of the Mogao Caves and learn more about them
C．support the research of Dunhuang studies at Peking University
D．help take care of Dunhuang and get pictures for the museum
31．What's the best title for the passage
A．Protecting Dunhuang
B．Fan Jinshi:" Daughter of Dunhuang"
C．Helping Dunhuang Studies
D．A Great Daughter
32．（2020·深圳模拟）阅读下面短文，从下面每小题的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
Chinese writer Mo Yan won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 2012. Mo, who was born in 1955 into a farmer's family in Gaomi County in Shandong Province, is the first Chinese national to win the Nobel Prize in Literature. In his early years, life was not easy and he experienced hunger（饥饿）. These things have influenced Mo Yan's later writings.
60-year-old Park Geun-hye(朴槿惠)was elected（选举）the new President of South Korea in December, 2012. She becomes the country's first female head of state and her term will last five years from 2013. "I will become a president who puts people's living before anything else," she told the cheering People in central Seoul as she accepted her win. "I will keep my promises."
Barack Obama ( born in Honolulu, Hawaii in 1961), who was elected the 44thPresident of the United States in 2008, has been elected again to a second term, fighting against Republican challenger Mitt Romney. Obama is a graduate of Columbia University and Harvard Law School. His father was from Kenya. And his mother was born in Wichits, Kansas.
（1）When Mo Yan was young, his family might be .
A．big B．poor C．rich D．small
（2）When was Park Geun-hye born ____________
A．In 1952. B．In 1955. C．In 1961. D．In 1987.
（3）Where was Barack Obama born ________________
A．In Kansas. B．In Kenya. C．In Columbia. D．In Hawaii.
（4）Which of the following is NOT true about the passages ___________
A．The writer Mo Yan lived in a big city before he got the prize.
B．Park Geun-hye will lead South Korea till the year 2018.
C．Obama fought against his challenger Mitt Romney in the election.
D．Among the three persons, Park Geun-hye is the oldest.
答案解析部分
【答案】1．B
2．B
3．C
4．B
5．B
【知识点】记叙文；对社会有突出贡献的人物事迹
【解析】【分析】文章大意：本文通过简介在世锦赛上，夺得了50米步枪项目四枚金牌的庞玉倩的事迹号召大家行动起来，制定计划，为梦想而努力。
【点评】考查阅读理解。首先通读全文，了解短文大意，其次分析问题，抓住问题关键词，在文中寻找相关的信息，确定答案，最后再检查一遍，确保答案正确。
1．细节理解题。根据 You may think it is impossible, but a teenage girl has done just that!可知作者认为五天内获得四枚金牌是不可相信的。故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据Before winning the four medals, she practiced really hard. 可知在获得四枚奖牌之前，她刻苦训练。根据After winning the four gold medals, Pang kept telling her parents to keep a low profile(保持低) and asked them not to post anything about her or her achievements on WeChat Moments,。可知赢得四枚金牌后，庞一直告诉她的父母要保持低调，并要求他们不要在微信朋友圈上发布任何有关她或她的成就的信息。根据 She shared the story of her daughter online anyway 可知她妈妈在网上分享了女儿的故事。故选B。
3．词义猜测题。根据 she will put all her attention on the rifle as long as she holds it in her hands. 可知只要她手里拿着步枪，她就会把所有的注意力都放在步枪上。因此画线单词的意思是"专注"。故选C。
4．细节理解题。根据After all, not everyone can achieve in a lifetime what Pang has already achieved as a teenager. 可知并不是每个人都能在一生中达到庞在青少年时期所取得的成就。因此庞妈妈要与别人分享庞的故事是因为她为自己的女儿感到骄傲，并想分享她的快乐。故选B。
5．最佳标题题。本文通过简介在世锦赛上，夺得了50米步枪项目四枚金牌的庞玉倩的事迹号召大家行动起来，制定计划，为梦想而努力。整个故事都是围绕四块金牌引起的，因此选项B"四块金牌"符合题意。故选B。
【答案】6．C
7．D
8．C
9．D
10．B
【知识点】新闻报道类；对社会有突出贡献的人物事迹；细节理解；推理判断；文章大意
【解析】【分析】本文主要讲述了一个自闭症儿童援助基地的创始人苏婷帮助自闭症学生发展技能并为将来的工作做好准备的故事。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题，推断题，和主旨题，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息，主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。
6．推断题。根据the exhibition aimed to raise the autistic students' awareness so that they can create value and achieve their dreams可知，该展览旨在提高自闭症学生的意识，使他们能够创造价值，实现梦想，由此推知，举办这个展览的原因是帮助自闭症学生实现自我价值。故选C。
7．细节题。根据Su discovered her talent and helped her in drawing fish. ‘At the beginning, we provided her with different types of fish and let her watch the differences, which made her drawing skills better in such a relaxing environment.可知，苏婷通过发现钟佳宇的才能和提高她的绘画技能来帮助她。故选D。
8．推断题。根据After a year, Zhong stopped drawing fish and started to draw things she saw, and her style became clean, clear, and simple可知，一年后，钟佳宇的画变得干净、清晰和简单，由此推知，她有了自己的绘画风格。故选C。
9．主旨题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了一个自闭症儿童援助基地的创始人苏婷帮助自闭症学生发展技能并为将来的工作做好准备的故事。故选D。
10．推断题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了一个自闭症儿童援助基地的创始人苏婷帮助自闭症学生发展技能并为将来的工作做好准备的故事。因此，你有可能在报纸上读到这篇文章。故选B。
【答案】11．B
12．A
13．B
14．A
15．D
【知识点】说明文；对社会有突出贡献的人物事迹；中国铁路建设
【解析】【分析】大意：文章介绍了京张铁路的背景和建造者詹天佑。
【点评】考查阅读理解。注意首先查看题干，划取问题关键词；再仔细阅读文章，排除错误及无关选项，选择正确答案。
11．细节理解题。根据第五段He led construction(建设) on the old Beijing—Zhangjiakou railway, China's first independently—designed railway. It was not possible to build a railway without foreign help at that time. But Zhan, the head engineer of the railway project, insisted(坚持) that it could be done. 他领导了中国第一条独立设计的铁路——老京张铁路的建设。当时没有外国的帮助是不可能修建铁路的。但詹，铁路项目的总工程师，坚持认为这是可以做到的，可知它不是以外国人修建的旧京张铁路为基础的。故选B。
12．细节理解题。根据第三段With the help of the Beidou Navigation Satellite System, they can automatically(自动) start, run between stations, change their timing according to the time table, correctly stop at a station, and open and close their doors. 在北斗导航卫星系统的帮助下，他们可以自动启动、在站点之间运行、根据时间表更改时间、正确停靠站点以及打开和关闭车门，可知感谢北斗导航卫星系统。故选A。
13．细节理解题。根据第四段After graduating from Yale University, Zhan came back to China. In 1905, the Qing government decided to build a railroad between Beijng and Zhangjiakou. Zhan, who studied engineering, led the project. The project is best-known for its Y-shaped switchback(人字形坡路). 从耶鲁大学毕业后，詹回到了中国。1905年，清政府决定在北京和张家口之间修建一条铁路。詹是工程专业的学生，他领导了这个项目。该项目以其Y形折返而闻名，可知不是V字形，B表述错误。故选B。
14．词义猜测题。根据during the Winter Olympics on the train, which is helped with 5G technology. 在5G技术的帮助下，可知应是可以实时观看正在播放的体育节目。故选A。
15．推断题。根据倒数第二段Zhan came up with an idea to reduce the slope(坡度): a Y-shaped switchback. Instead of going directly from A to B along a steep(陡的) slope, the train goes from A to C first and then from C to B. This makes the slope much less steep. 詹想出了一个减少坡度的主意：一个Y形的转弯。火车不是沿着陡峭的斜坡从A直接到B，而是先从A到C，然后从C到B。这使得斜坡不那么陡峭，可知是减少建造的难度。故选D。
16．【答案】（1）A
（2）B
（3）B
（4）D
（5）C
【知识点】说明文；对社会有突出贡献的人物事迹；感动中国
【解析】【分析】文章用表格形式介绍了屠呦呦、张福清、王有德和袁隆平四位名人的主要成就和事迹。
（1）细节理解题。根据“Tu, winner of the 2015 Nobel Prize for the discovery of artemisinin”可知屠呦呦的成就是发现了青蒿素。故选A。
（2）细节理解题。根据“Zhang served as a People's Liberation Army soldier in the Liberation War and was twice given the name of War Hero. He volunteered in 1955 to work in Laifeng County, Hubei Province's remotest county， so he could give his life to the poor in the mountainous region.”可知张富清过去是战士，然后在贫困地区工作。故选B。
（3）推理判断题。根据“Wang led his partners to build over 600,000 mu of sand-fixation (固定) forest and managed to control nearly I million mu of quicksand, helpfully preventing the development of the Maowusu Desert. His work offered valuable experience to sand prevention and control in China” 可知王有德主要的成绩是阻止和控制沙漠，即为国家做出的巨大贡献是保护环境。故选B。
（4）推理判断题。根据“Tu,winner of the 2015 Nobel Prize”可知A选项表述错误；根据“Zhang Fuqing, war hero” 可知B选项表述错误；根据“Wang Youde,desert fighter” 可知C选项表述错误；根据“Yuan, the Father of Hybrid Rice”可知D选项表述正确。故选D。
（5）推理判断题。a storybook故事书；a novel小说；a newspaper报纸；science fiction科幻。这篇文章主要介绍了屠呦呦、张福清、王有德和袁隆平四位名人的主要成就和事迹。可推断来自报纸。故选C。
【点评】考查阅读理解。首先通读全文，理解文章大意，然后分析问题和选项，从文中找到依据，最后得出答案。
【答案】17．B
18．B
19．C
20．C
21．A
【知识点】记叙文；对社会有突出贡献的人物事迹；感动中国
【解析】【分析】短文大意：本文主要讲述了三位在世界上有很大影响力的女人的故事。
【点评】考查人物传记类阅读。推理判断试题要求考生尽量考虑文中全部信息或事实，在通篇理解文章的基础上领会作者的言外之意，并作出正确的推理和判断。主旨大意题是在阅读和理解全文的基础上对文章进行归纳，概括和总结。不能只凭文中的只言片语而断章取义，需要在细读全文的基础上进行逻辑思维推理判断，从而获取文章中内含的信息。
17．细节理解题。A:她们都是在20世纪成名的。B:她们在各自的领域都有很大的影响力。C:她们都尽了最大的努力来证明女人可以比男人做得更好。根据第一段中Thatcher had a big influence on the man's world- politics.可知撒切尔夫人对男人的世界政治产生了很大的影响；根据Holiday is often described as a talent. Her voice not only moved listeners, but also shook American society.可知哈乐黛常被描述为一个天才，她的声音不仅感动了听众，也震动了美国社会。根据In2015, Tu received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. She is the first Chinese woman to win a Nobel Prize.可知2015年，屠呦呦获得了诺贝尔生理学或医学奖，她是第一位获得诺贝尔奖的中国女性。因此可知这三位女性在各自的领域都有很大的影响力，故答案为B。
18．推理判断题。A:她残酷地统治着她的国家。B:她相信行动胜于雄辩。C:她66岁了，还是英国首相。根据If you want something said, ask a man if you want something done, ask woman.可知如果你想说什么，就问一个男人；如果你想做什么，就问一个女人。因此可知撒切尔夫人相信行动胜于雄辩，故答案为B。
19．细节理解题。A:表明她和白人不同。B:教美国人向社会寻求帮助。C:描述了当时非裔美国人的生活。根据文中She recorded a song called Strange Fruit that Was about the great pain of African- Americans.可知她录制了一首名为《奇异的果实》的歌曲，讲述了非裔美国人的巨大痛苦。因此可知 Billie Holiday用她的歌曲描述了当时非裔美国人生活的艰辛，故答案为C。
20．细节理解题。A:她用了44年才找到青蒿素。B:她一发现青蒿素就获得了诺贝尔奖。C:中药对发现青蒿素起了很大作用。根据文中 Getting inspiration from traditional Chinese medicine, Tu found artemisinin(青蒿素) in a plant in 1971 that could treat malaria可知屠呦呦从中医学中得到灵感，于1971年在种植物中发现了可以治疗疟疾的青蒿素，故答案为C。
21．主旨大意题。A:有影响的女性。B:获得过一些大奖的女性。C:在世界范围内受欢迎的女性。根据全文内容可知本文主要讲述了三位在世界上有很大影响力的女人的故事，故答案为A。
22．【答案】（1）B
（2）A
（3）D
（4）B
【知识点】对社会有突出贡献的人物事迹
【解析】【分析】
短文大意：这篇短文主要介绍了南非前总统曼德拉的生平事迹，他因为反对种族隔离制度，被判终身监禁，并在监狱中度过了27年的生活。在1994年，成为南非第一位黑人总统。
（1）细节理解题。根据
On February 10, 1990, South African President F.W. de Klerk released(释放)Mandela from prison, and the two worked together to end apartheid. Three years later, they won the Nobel Peace Prize.在1990年2月10日南非总统把曼德拉从监狱放出，这两人一起工作到种族隔离结束。三年后，他们获得了诺贝尔奖。可知在1993年他获得诺贝尔奖。故选B。
（2）细节理解题。根据 In1994, Mandela became President of South Africa. Mandela served as President until 1999. 从1994年开始做总统到1999年结束，可知共工作了五年。故选A。
（3）细节理解题。根据One year later, he created the Nelson Mandela Children's Fund, a charity that helps poor South African children." Children are the future of our country," he said in an interview in2002. "They must be given love." 一年后，他创立了曼德拉儿童基金会，一个慈善事情帮助南非贫困孩子们。“孩子们是我们国家的未来”在2002年的一次访问中他说。“一定要给他们爱。”可知曼德拉的意思是人们必须给孩子们爱。故选D。
（4）细节理解题。根据Nelson Mandela, South Africa's first black president, died on Decembr5, 2013 at 95.可知曼德拉是南非的第一个黑人总统。故选B。
【点评】此题考查阅读理解。这是一篇介绍人物的短文阅读理解。内容简单，对于细节理解问题，我们要仔细阅读短文，在理解题意的基础上，从短文的细节中找出问题的正确答案。
23．【答案】（1）C
（2）A
（3）B
（4）D
（5）A
【知识点】记叙文；对社会有突出贡献的人物事迹；感动中国
【解析】【分析】文章大意：本文主要介绍了屠呦呦的生平事迹。
（1）理解计算题。根据文中的语句From 1951 to 1955, she attended Beijing Medical College. 与Tu was born in Ningbo, Zhejiang, China on 30 December 1930. 理解可知，屠呦呦在25岁时从北京医学院毕业，故选C。
（2）理解归纳题。根据文中的语句When Tu started her search in the late 1960s, over 240,000 compounds(化合物) around the world had already been tested, without any success. 理解可知，通过这个数据可以推断屠呦呦的抗疟疾研究工作非常困难。故选A。
（3）细节理解题。根据文中的语句Her interest in traditional Chinese medicine drew her to ancient texts and finally found the sweet wormwood,which had been used to treat malaria in China around 400 A.D. After more than190 failures, she invented the right drug in 1971.理解可知，屠呦呦在中国古代文献中找到了青蒿素，故选B。
（4）细节理解题。根据文中的语句One former colleague, Liao Fuming, who has worked with Tu for more than 40 years, describes her as a "tough and stubborn woman."理解可知，屠呦呦是一个工作很刻苦的人，故选D。
（5）标题推断题。通读 全文可知此文主要介绍了屠呦呦的生平事迹以及在她84岁时获得诺贝尔自然科学奖，故选A。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本文考查细节题和主旨题等常考题型，细节题要注意从文中抓住关键词寻找答案；主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出主题句。
【答案】24．C
25．A
26．B
27．B
【知识点】说明文；对社会有突出贡献的人物事迹；细节理解；推理判断；代词指代
【解析】【分析】文章大意：本文主要讲述了Evans发明并制作太阳能灯的过程。
【点评】考查阅读理解。英语阅读理解题目有不同的类型，如代词指代题、细节理解题，标题选择题等，要根据题目类型，采用不同的解题方法。
24．代词指代题。根据画线词所在句"Evans' eyes hurt and this made studying difficult."可知，Evans的眼睛疼，这使学习很困难。this指代前面提到的眼睛疼这个问题。故选C。
25．细节理解题。根据第一段中"He had to do homework by the light of a kerosene lamp. Evans' eyes hurt and this made studying difficult."（d）；第二段中"However, Evans was excellent enough to enter a university."（a）；第三段中" Evans built his first solar lamp, and it worked. "（c）；第四段中"He used recycled materials and ask volunteers to build the lamps. "（e）；第四段中" Finally, people from many countries gave away money to his team, so the lamps were usually free."（f）；最后一段中"The solar lamps made a big difference to thousands of people. "（b）可知，事件的正确顺序为d-a-c-e-f-b。 故选A。
26．推理判断题。根据最后一段中"Thanks to Evans, my children have light to read, and I have my own light to cook."可知，作者在第5段给出了朱莉娅的例子是为了说明Evans发明太阳能灯带来的影响。故选B。
27．标题选择题。通读全文可知，文章本文主要讲述了Evans发明太阳能灯的故事，因此B项"Evans和他的伟大发明"最适合作本文标题。故选B。
【答案】28．C
29．B
30．C
31．B
【知识点】记叙文；对社会有突出贡献的人物事迹
【解析】【分析】文章大意：文章主要讲述了被誉为"敦煌女儿"的樊锦诗在保护莫高窟上所付出的努力和做出的贡献。
【点评】考查阅读理解。英语阅读理解题目有不同的类型，如标题选择题、推理判断题、代词指代题、细节理解题等，要根据题目类型，采用不同的解题方法。
28．细节理解题。根据第四段中"Then she started working at Dunhuang and has worked there ever since. She spends almost 60 years taking care of Dunhuang. "可知，樊锦诗在敦煌工作了约六十年。故选C。
29．代词指代题。根据第二段中"Many people, including archaeologists and researchers, work hard to take care of the Mogao Caves and learn more about them."可知，them指代前面提到的the Mogao Caves。 故选B。
30．推理判断题。根据最后一段中"Hopefully the setting of the Fund can help Dunhuang studies at the university, so it can raise cultural confidence and strength." 可知，成立樊锦诗教育基金是为了支持敦煌非遗成果在大学的研究，选项C"支持北京大学敦煌研究"，符合语境。故选C。
31．标题选择题。通读全文内容，特别是根据第四段中"Then she started working at Dunhuang and has worked there ever since. She spends almost 60 years taking care of Dunhuang. People call her the ‘Daughter of Dunhuang' ."可知，文章主要介绍了被人们誉为"敦煌女儿"的樊锦诗为保护敦煌所做出的努力和贡献，因此选项B"樊锦诗：敦煌之女"最适合作本文的标题。故选B。
32．【答案】（1）B
（2）A
（3）D
（4）A
【知识点】对社会有突出贡献的人物事迹
【解析】【分析】短文大意：这篇短文讲的是三个有名的人包括诺贝尔奖获得者莫言，韩国总统朴槿惠和美国总统奥巴马的个人简介。
（1）推理判断题。根据文中信息In his early years, life was not easy and he experienced hunger可知莫言小时候家里很贫穷，故选B。
（2）推理判断题。根据文中信息Park Geun-hue（朴槿惠）is 64 years old this year可计算出朴槿惠生于1952年，故选A。
（3）细节理解题。根据文中信息Barack Obama (born in Honolulu…可知奥巴马生于夏威夷州，故选D。
（4）细节理解题。根据文中信息Chinese writer Mo Yan won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 2012. Mo, who was born in 1955 from a farmer's family in Gaomi county in Shandong Province可以判断A项说法错误，故选A。
【点评】考查阅读理解。先阅读短文，理解短文大意。然后进行审题，带着问题阅读短文，从短文的细节中找出细节理解问题答案。对于推理判断题，要根据文章的内容确定。
1 / 1
