备战2024年中考英语阅读话题训练二 人与社会 主题13 高铁的建设与发展
一、阅读理解
（2023九上·余姚月考）阅读理解
China now has more than 30, 000 kilometers of high speed track, and this is expected to increase to 38,000 kilometers by 2025. Fully two thirds of the world's high speed rail(by length) is in China. Here, we track the exciting technological developments in high speed rail and consider their cultural influence.
While the main advantage of the high speed rail lines is convenient for people to get from one city to another as quickly as possible, some of these high speed lines have become popular tourist attractions(景点). A good example of this is the Hefei-Fuzhou high speed line. Technically speaking, this was one of the most challenging high speed rail routes ever built; nearly 90% of the track was laid either on bridges or in tunnels(隧道). However, the amazing views are worth it, as the train goes through some of China's most beautiful mountainous areas, including the Huangshan and the Wuyi Mountain Ranges.
As China has gained skills and knowledge in high speed rail, it is trying to export (出口) its technology to other countries. Its first project on the international market was the line connecting
Istanbul with Turkey's capital, Ankara, 530 kilometers away. This was followed by projects among other countries. Perhaps its most challenging project is a Trans Asian network connecting China with Europe. Although it is difficult, China will make every effort to take on this plan. It is hoped to be completed by 2030 as a part of China's Belt and Road Initiative (中国"一带一路"倡议).
Thanks to high speed rail, the travel time between main cities in China has already been reduced to only a few hours. So this convenience should improve the development within and out of China. No doubt, it will also bring the people of the country closer together, and in time bring about deep social changes.
1．What is the purpose of the example of the Hefei-Fuzhou line in Paragraph 2
A．To prove how fast the high speed lines can be.
B．To stress how convenient the high speed lines are.
C．To show the development of the high speed lines.
D．To explain high speed lines can be tourist attractions.
2．What is the most challenging project that China plans to set up
A．Inventing faster trains.
B．Connecting China with Europe.
C．Designing and building its own trains.
D．Connecting the whole country in 2030.
3．What advantage of the high speed rail is mentioned in the text
A．Improving the peace. B．Reducing the travel time.
C．Making tourism cheaper. D．Avoiding social changes.
4．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage
A．Racing to the Future
B．Great Changes in China
C．Rising China in the World
D．High Speed Rail in the World
（2020·呼和浩特） 阅读理解
New trains run across rocky mountains and the Great Wall to the north of Beijing like bullets（子弹）. They run on a high-speed railway line between Beijing and Zhangjiakou. The opening was on Dec 30, 2019.
The railway is an important support project for the 2022 Winter Olympics. The 174-km railway's trains move at a top speed of 350 km/h. This reduces the travel time between Beijing and Zhangjiakou, the Winter Games will be held there, from over three hours to only 47 minutes. It has 10 stops in total. It will help improve tourism. There are places of interest nearby.
Some of the trains on this railway are smart trains that can run by themselves. With the help of the Beidou Navigation Satellite System, they can automatically（自动）start, run between stations, change their timing according to the time table, correctly stop at a station, and open and close their doors. Passengers can also watch live sports programmes during the Winter Olympics on the train, which is helped with 5G technology.
Some people consider Zhan Tianyou as "the father of China's railways". Who is Zhan Tianyou In 1872, the Qing government chose 30 young boys to be sent to the US to study. They were the first students in Chinese history to study abroad. Zhan Tianyou was one of them. After graduating from Yale University, Zhan came back to China. In 1905, the Qing government decided to build a railroad between Beijng and Zhangjiakou. Zhan, who studied engineering, led the project. The project is best-known for its Y-shaped switchback（人字形坡路）. There are many mountains along the Beijng-Zhangjiakou railway. It was difficult for trains to climb the mountains.
He led construction（建设）on the old Beijing—Zhangjiakou railway, China's first independently—designed railway. It was not possible to build a railway without foreign help at that time. But Zhan, the head engineer of the railway project, insisted（坚持） that it could be done. Zhan came up with an idea to reduce the slope（坡度）: a Y-shaped switchback. Instead of going directly from A to B along a steep（陡的）slope, the train goes from A to C first and then from C to B. This makes the slope much less steep.
After many difficulties, the Beijing—Zhangjiakou line went into operation in 1909. Its trains ran at 35 km/h.
As President Xi Jinping said, the Beijing-Zhangjiakou railway stands for the development of China's railways over more than a century, as well as China's development in general.
5．Which is not correct about the Beijing-Zhangjiakou high-speed railway
A．Its construction is of great value for the 2022 Winter Olympics.
B．It was based on the old Beijing-Zhangjiakou railway that was built by foreigners.
C．Not all of the trains on this railway are conducted by man.
D．The trains on this railway are faster than before.
6．Thanks to ____, the trains on the Beijing-Zhangjiakou high-speed railway can start automatically.
A．the Beidou Navigation Satellite System
B．Zhan Tianyou
C．5G technology
D．Yale University
7．Which is wrong about Zhan Tianyou
A．He is remembered as one of the most important engineers in Chinese history.
B．He took the advice of Qing government and designed V-shaped switchback on his own.
C．He was chosen and sent to the US to study engineering with other young boys in 1872.
D．Though he went through a lot of difficulties, he succeeded at last.
8．What do the underlined words mean They mean ____.
A．sports programmes that are happening while they are shown
B．sports programmes that are lively
C．sports programmes that are popular
D．sports programmes that last long time
9．Why was the old Beijing-Zhangjiakou railway designed its Y-shaped switchback
A．To help people know more about sightseeing nearby.
B．To make China's first independently-designed railway famous.
C．To make the trains speed up.
D．To reduce the difficulty of building.
（2022·阜新）Passage 2阅读理解
China now has more than 30, 000 kilometers of high speed track, and this is expected to increase to 38,000 kilometers by 2025. Fully two thirds of the world's high speed rail（by length）is in China. Here, we track the exciting technological developments in high speed rail and consider their cultural influence.
While the main advantage of the high speed rail lines is convenience for people to get from one city to another as quickly as possible, some of these high speed lines have become popular tourist attractions（places that many tourists visit）. A good example of this is the Hefei-Fuzhou high speed line. Technically speaking, this was one of the most challenging high speed rail routes ever built; nearly 90% of the track was laid either on bridges or in tunnels（隧道）. However, the amazing views are worth it, as the train goes through some of China's most beautiful mountainous areas, including the Huangshan and the Wuyi Mountain Ranges.
As China has gained skills and knowledge in high speed rail, it is trying to export（出口）its technology to other countries. Its first project on the international market was the line connecting Istanbul with Turkey's capital, Ankara, 530 kilometers away. This was followed by projects among other countries. Perhaps its most challenging project is a Trans Asian network（横贯亚洲铁路网）connecting China with Europe. Although it is difficult, China will make every effort to take on this plan. It is hoped to be completed by 2030 as a part of China's Belt and Road Initiative（一带一路的倡议）.
Thanks to high speed rail, the travel time between main cities in China has already been reduced to only a few hours. So this convenience should improve the development within and out of China. No doubt, it will also bring the people of the country closer together, and in time bring about deep social changes.
10．How many kilometers of high speed track does China have now
A．Over 38,000. B．Over 30,000.
C．Over 45,000. D．Over 57,000.
11．Why does the writer talk about the Hefei-Fuzhou line in Paragraph 2
A．To prove how fast the high speed lines can be.
B．To stress how convenient the high speed lines are.
C．To explain high speed lines can be popular tourist attractions.
D．To show the technical development of the high speed lines.
12．What is the most challenging project that China plans to take on
A．Inventing faster trains.
B．Connecting China with Europe.
C．Designing and building its own trains.
D．Connecting the whole country in 2030.
13．What advantages does the high speed rail have
A．It should improve the development within and out of China.
B．It takes only a few hours to travel between main cities in China by high-speed train.
C．It will bring the people of the country closer together, and bring about deep social changes.
D．All the above.
14．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage
A．Racing to the Future
B．Great Changes in China
C．Rising China in the World
D．High Speed Rail in the World
（2022九上·余杭月考）阅读下列短文，从题中所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中选出最佳选项。
China now has more than 30, 000 kilometers of high speed track, and this is expected to increase to 38,000 kilometers by 2025. Fully two thirds of the world's high speed rail(by length) is in China. Here, we track the exciting technological developments in high speed rail and consider their cultural influence.
While the main advantage of the high speed rail lines is convenience for people to get from one city to another as quickly as possible, some of these high speed lines have become popular tourist attractions(景点). A good example of this is the Hefei-Fuzhou high speed line. Technically speaking, this was one of the most challenging high speed rail routes ever built; nearly 90% of the track was laid either on bridges or in tunnels(隧道). However, the amazing views are worth it, as the train goes through some of China's most beautiful mountainous areas, including the Huangshan and the Wuyi Mountain Ranges.
As China has gained skills and knowledge in high speed rail, it is trying to export (出口) its technology to other countries. Its first project on the international market was the line connecting
Istanbul with Turkey's capital, Ankara, 530 kilometers away. This was followed by projects among other countries. Perhaps its most challenging project is a Trans Asian network connecting China with Europe. Although it is difficult, China will make every effort to take on this plan. It is hoped to be completed by 2030 as a part of China's Belt and Road Initiative (中国“一带一路”倡议).
Thanks to high speed rail, the travel time between main cities in China has already been reduced to only a few hours. So this convenience should improve the development within and out of China. No doubt, it will also bring the people of the country closer together, and in time bring about deep social changes.
15．What is the purpose of the example of the Hefei-Fuzhou line in Paragraph 2
A．To prove how fast the high speed lines can be.
B．To stress how convenient the high speed lines are.
C．To show the development of the high speed lines.
D．To explain high speed lines can be tourist attractions.
16．What is the most challenging project that China plans to set up
A．Inventing faster trains.
B．Connecting China with Europe.
C．Designing and building its own trains.
D．Connecting the whole country in 2030.
17．What advantage of the high speed rail is mentioned in the text
A．Improving the peace. B．Reducing the travel time.
C．Making tourism cheaper. D．Avoiding social changes.
18．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage
A．Racing to the Future B．Great Changes in China
C．Rising China in the World D．High Speed Rail in the World
（2022·乐昌模拟）阅读短文，从每小题所给的四个选项中，选出能回答所提问题或完成所给句子的最佳答案。
China-Laos Railway Welcome to take the train of China-Laos Railway! As a very important project of China's Belt and Road Initiative（BRI“一带一路"倡议）, the railway was put into use on Dec. 3, 2021. Presidents of the two countries saw the opening of the railway by video. Let's take a look! From: Kunming, capital of southwest China's Yunnan Province To: Vientiane, capital city of Laos
Total length（长度）：1, 035km Length in Laos：422km Train speed：160 km-200 km per hour China-Laos Railway crosses areas rich in wildlife including wild Asian elephants. Developers set up protective fences（栅栏）to reduce the project's influence on them. As a symbol of friendship between China and Laos, China-Laos Railway could provide Laos with a connection with the world, which could make the country more attractive to investors（投资者）, create new jobs, and quicken economic（经济）growth. It will cut the travel time between the two cities to about 10 hours. The railway created more than 110, 00 jobs for people in Laos during its constitution（建设）. Construction of the Las part started in December 2016, and construction of the China part linking Yuxi and the border（边境）town of Mohan started in December 2015.
19．The China part of China-Laos Railway is_________.
A．160km B．422km C．613km D．1,035km
20．Developers set up fences to_________.
A．protect wild animals. B．stop people crossing the railway
C．protect the railway D．avoid environmental pollution
21．The underlined words"the two cities"in the passage refer to_________.
A．Yuxi and Vientiane B．Kunming and Vientiane
C．Mohan and Vientiane D．Kunming and Yuxi
22．From the last two paragraphs, we can infer that China-Laos Railway_________.
A．will attract fewer investors to Laos
B．made many people lose their jobs
C．started its construction in December 2016
D．is a symbol of friendship between China and Laos
23．You may read this passage from_________.
A．a science magazine B．a story book
C．a news report D．an English learning guide
（2021·永州）阅读下面的材料，从每小题所给的A、B、C三个选项中，选出最佳答案。
China's unbelievable high-speed rail network At the beginning of the 21st century China had no high-speed railways. Slow, crowded and often uncomfortable trains ran across this vast country, with low average speeds making journeys such as Shanghai-Beijing a test of travel. Today, it's a completely different picture. With 37,900 kilometers of lines, linking all of its major big cities. China has the world's largest work of high-speed railways. Half of that total has been completed in the last five years alone, with a further 3,700 kilometers due to open in the coming months of 2021. The network is expected to double in length again, to 70,000 kilometers, by 2035.
24．How were the trains in China at the beginning of the 21st century
A．Fast. B．Comfortable. C．Crowded.
25．How many kilometers of lines are due to open in the coming months of 2021
A．3,700. B．37,900. C．70,000.
（2021·丹东模拟）阅读理解
The opening of the Beijing—Zhangjiakou high-speed railway took place in December, 2019. The
railway is a milestone in China's railway development because it has
used the latest technologies in railway building.
The railway is 174 kilometers long, with 10 stations. The
stations are managed by one control center, which is described by China Railway
Beijing Group — also known
as CR Bejing — as an "intelligent (智能的) brain". The center collects and shares the stations'
real-time information. "With the information, the workers in the center
can control the stations' lighting and temperature, monitor (监测) trains' operation and deal with emergencies(紧急情况). " said Zhu Dianping, from CR Beiing.
Zhu said some trains on the Bejing—Zhangjiakou line are "smart"
as they provide 5G signals and wireless charging (无线充电)
for passengers, as well as intelligent lighting. These trains can start and
stop, open and close doors, and deal with emergencies themselves.
All the ten stations provide e-ticket services. Travelers
who have bought tickets online can use their ID cards instead of waiting in
line for paper tickets.
At Qinghe Railway Station in Beijing, China's first
visual remote ticket vending machine (远程可视售票机) has been installed (安装) to help passengers
who are not able to afford tickets online. Passengers keep in touch with the
conductor through the machine and buy tickets according to video instructions.
In addition, the Badaling Great Wall Station, the deepest
underground railway station in China, is another great example of the country's
achievements in railway building.
26．Which can be inferred (推断) according to the passage
A．Each station has a control center.
B．All the trains can start and stop themselves.
C．All the stations have visual remote ticket vending machines.
D．The Badaling Great Wall Station is the deepest underground railway station in China.
27．The control center is described as ________.
A．CR Beijing B．Railway Beijing Group
C．a railway station D．an "intelligent brain"
28．What does the word "milestone" mean in Chinese
A．英石(重量单位) B．垫脚石
C．里程表 D．里程碑
29．E-ticket services are provided so that travelers ________.
A．don't have to wait in line for paper tickets
B．can buy cheaper tickets
C．can only buy tickets online
D．can buy paper tickets
30．What is special about the Beijing—Zhangialou high-speed railway according to the passage
A．Fast and cheap. B．Long and deep.
C．Smart and intelligent. D．Expensive and steady.
31．（2020九上·余姚期末）阅读理解
Many of you have probably had this experience: You get on a train and are ready to take a nap or read a book, only to find that the passenger in front of you is watching a TV show without earphones. The child next to you won't stop crying. And the man behind you talks on her phone during the whole trip.
Wish the train could be less noisy There might be a solution for you. The Beijing Shanghai high-speed railway, one of China's busiest high-speed rail lines, will have "quiet" carriages (车厢) starting from Dec 23, Xinhua reported.
In quiet carriages, videos will be muted (静音) and doors at the ends of the carriage will be kept closed to reduce noise from other carriages, CGTN noted. Train attendants (乘务员) will make sure that passengers remain quiet and follow the rules.
Passengers who are willing to follow the rules can choose the quiet carriages when booking their tickets, according to China Daily.
Some people have pointed out that this kind of quiet environment should be offered in all carriages. They say that having quiet carriages might give people the idea that they don't need to be quiet in non-quiet carriages.
While some Internet users are in favor of the new service, it has also led discussion about just how quiet travelers should be in quiet carriages. Many people have raised questions such as "What if l snore (打呼噜) "and "Can we talk to our travel partners if we need to "
（1）The first paragraph is written to show that _______________.
A．many people watch TV shows on trains
B．people do all kinds of things on trains
C．traveling by train is very common
D．people on trains are sometimes very noisy
（2）In the quiet carriages, it is TRUE that _______________.
A．train attendants won't be at the service
B．no one will make sure passengers follow the rules
C．passengers won't be allowed to watch videos
D．the doors at the ends of the carriage will stay closed
（3）The underlined phrase "in favor of' in the last paragraph means _______________.
A．in need of B．in support of C．in search of D．in place of
（4）From the last paragraph, we can know that _______________.
A．the rules should be made more clear
B．most people don't like the service
C．it's easy to make trains perfectly quiet
D．the service is better for travelling alone
（2020九上·西安月考）阅读理解
Chinahas been famous around the world since ancient times. In the past, we had theFour Great Inventions. Nowadays, more inventions and creations have made Chinastronger and greater in the world.
OnMay 5th, 2017, at Shanghai Pudong International Airport, China's first largehomemade jet airliner(喷气式客机),the C919, took off successfully for the first time. It has taken about tenyears for the scientists and researchers to make this Chinese Dream come true.It's a pride of the whole nation. So far, more than 23 companies have alreadyordered 570 C919 planes from China. But we still have a long way to go beforethe C919 carries passengers by 2020. It also faces the challenge of competingwith the Airbus A320 and the new Boeing B737.
What'smore, China is working on the new high-speed trains with the highest speed of400 km/h. It will be ready by 2020. The new trains are expected to push areacooperation(合作)and create new business for China and foreign countries. Many countries,especially the ones in Central Asia, Southeast Asia, the Middle East andEastern Europe, are planning to build high-speed rail lines or to improve theirrailways with the help of China. They'd to get support in technology fromChina.
Chinahas made great progress in both science and technology. And it makes a greatcontribution(贡献)to human, too. All of these are changing the daily life of Chinese people, evenof the people around the world.
32．The C919 will have a competition with ________ and the new Boeing B737.
A．the Airbus A320 B．the Boeing B777
C．the Airbus A380 D．the Boeing B787
33．Which of the following is true according to the passage
A．Over 32 companies ordered 570 C919 planes from China.
B．Successfully, the C919 took off for the first time on May 5th, 2017.
C．Many countries in Central Asia help China build high-speed rail lines.
D．The high-speed trains with the speed of 400 km/h can carry more passengers.
34．The passage mainly wants to tell us ________.
A．the Chinese scientists are better at science and technology than before.
B．the Four Great Inventions makes China strong and great in the world.
C．China has increased the international influence with its development.
D．China has produced the new high-speed trains with the speed of 400 km/h.
35．（2020·丽水模拟）阅读理解
The construction (建设)
of high-speed railways in China began with the building of the Qinhuangdao-
Shenyang High-Speed Railway (HSR) in 1999. Now the high-speed rail network in China
is the largest in the world. So far, there have been about 1,700 kilometers of
HSR in service, along with trains of an average (平均)
speed of 220 km/h.
Now Chinese government plans to spend $300
million building the largest and fastest HSR system in the world by 2020. It's
said that the trains can run 400 km/h and create new business for China and
other countries through the Belt and Road (一带一路).
It's predicted that the HSR network in China
will reach 30,000 kilometers and it will be like a grid, which is mainly made
up of 8 long-distance high-speed rail lines: four north-south HSR lines and
four east-west HSR lines. Except for the Qingdao-Taiyuan HSR, all HSR lines of
the rail grid are longer than 1,000 kilometers.
Feng Hao, an expert, says "Many markets
along the Belt and Road, especially in Central Asia, Southeast Asia, the Middle
East and Eastern European countries, are planning to build HSR lines. They look
forward to getting technological support from China".
（1）_______________ is the first HSR line in China.
A．The Qinhuangdao-Shenyang HSR B．The Qingdao-Taiyuan HSR
C．The Beijing-Shanghai HSR D．The Qinhuangdao-Shanghai HSR
（2）By 2020, the trains run _______________ km/h faster than before.
A．400 B．300 C．220 D．180
（3）What does the expert Feng Hao say
A．Our country supports other countries in money.
B．Many markets are not planning to build HSR lines.
C．Our country plans to spend $300 million building HSR system.
D．Other countries want to get technological support from our country in HSR.
（4）Which of the following is mentioned
A．The first builders of HSR. B．The speed of HSR.
C．The building materials of HSR. D．The ticket price of HSR.
答案解析部分
【答案】1．D
2．B
3．B
4．A
【知识点】说明文；中国铁路建设
【解析】【分析】短文大意：本文介绍了中国目前拥有超过3万公里的高速铁路，预计到2025年将增至3.8万公里。详细地介绍了中国高铁的发展和未来的计划等。
【点评】考查说明文阅读。认真阅读题干，根据题干要求，在文中寻找答案所在的语句或段落，进行分析理解，词义猜测，推理判断和概括归纳，选出正确的选项。
1．目的意图题。根据第二段While the main advantage of the high speed rail lines is convenient for people to get from one city to another as quickly as possible, some of these high speed lines have become popular tourist attractions(景点). A good example of this is the Hefei-Fuzhou high speed line. Technically speaking, this was one of the most challenging high speed rail routes ever built; nearly 90% of the track was laid either on bridges or in tunnels(隧道). However, the amazing views are worth it, as the train goes through some of China's most beautiful mountainous areas, including the Huangshan and the Wuyi Mountain Ranges.（虽然高铁线路的主要优势是方便人们尽快从一个城市到另一个城市，但其中一些高铁线路已成为热门旅游景点。肥至福州高铁就是一个很好的例子。从技术上讲，这是有史以来最具挑战性的高铁路线之一，近90%的轨道要么铺设在桥梁上，要么铺设在隧道中。然而，当火车经过中国一些最美丽的山区时，这些令人惊叹的景色是值得的，包括黄山和武夷山山脉。）可知，第二段合肥至福州线的例子的目的是解释高铁线路可以成为旅游景点。故答案为D 。
2．细节理解题。根据This was followed by projects among other countries. Perhaps its most challenging project is a Trans Asian network connecting China with Europe.可知，中国计划承担的最具挑战性的项目是连接中国和欧洲。故答案为B 。
3．细节理解题。根据Thanks to high speed rail, the travel time between main cities in Chinahas already been reduced to only a few hours .可知，文中提到高铁的优点是"缩短旅行时间"。故答案为B 。
4．标题归纳题。根据No doubt, it will also bring the people of the country closer together, and in time bring about deep social changes.（毫无疑问，它也将使这个国家的人民更紧密地联系在一起，并及时带来深刻的社会变化。）和全文内容可知，本文主要介绍了中国目前拥有超过3万公里的高速铁路，预计到2025年将增至3.8万公里。详细地介绍了中国高铁的发展和未来的计划等。所以最好的标题是"奔向未来"。故答案为A 。
【答案】5．B
6．A
7．B
8．A
9．D
【知识点】说明文；对社会有突出贡献的人物事迹；中国铁路建设
【解析】【分析】大意：文章介绍了京张铁路的背景和建造者詹天佑。
【点评】考查阅读理解。注意首先查看题干，划取问题关键词；再仔细阅读文章，排除错误及无关选项，选择正确答案。
5．细节理解题。根据第五段He led construction(建设) on the old Beijing—Zhangjiakou railway, China's first independently—designed railway. It was not possible to build a railway without foreign help at that time. But Zhan, the head engineer of the railway project, insisted(坚持) that it could be done. 他领导了中国第一条独立设计的铁路——老京张铁路的建设。当时没有外国的帮助是不可能修建铁路的。但詹，铁路项目的总工程师，坚持认为这是可以做到的，可知它不是以外国人修建的旧京张铁路为基础的。故选B。
6．细节理解题。根据第三段With the help of the Beidou Navigation Satellite System, they can automatically(自动) start, run between stations, change their timing according to the time table, correctly stop at a station, and open and close their doors. 在北斗导航卫星系统的帮助下，他们可以自动启动、在站点之间运行、根据时间表更改时间、正确停靠站点以及打开和关闭车门，可知感谢北斗导航卫星系统。故选A。
7．细节理解题。根据第四段After graduating from Yale University, Zhan came back to China. In 1905, the Qing government decided to build a railroad between Beijng and Zhangjiakou. Zhan, who studied engineering, led the project. The project is best-known for its Y-shaped switchback(人字形坡路). 从耶鲁大学毕业后，詹回到了中国。1905年，清政府决定在北京和张家口之间修建一条铁路。詹是工程专业的学生，他领导了这个项目。该项目以其Y形折返而闻名，可知不是V字形，B表述错误。故选B。
8．词义猜测题。根据during the Winter Olympics on the train, which is helped with 5G technology. 在5G技术的帮助下，可知应是可以实时观看正在播放的体育节目。故选A。
9．推断题。根据倒数第二段Zhan came up with an idea to reduce the slope(坡度): a Y-shaped switchback. Instead of going directly from A to B along a steep(陡的) slope, the train goes from A to C first and then from C to B. This makes the slope much less steep. 詹想出了一个减少坡度的主意：一个Y形的转弯。火车不是沿着陡峭的斜坡从A直接到B，而是先从A到C，然后从C到B。这使得斜坡不那么陡峭，可知是减少建造的难度。故选D。
【答案】10．B
11．C
12．B
13．D
14．A
【知识点】新闻报道类；说明文；中国铁路建设
【解析】【分析】本文主要介绍了中国的高铁基本情况，以及未来要连接中国和欧洲的项目。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题，推断题，和主旨题，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息，主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。
10．细节题。根据China now has more than 30, 000 kilometers of high speed track，可知中国现在有超过30000公里的高速铁路，故选B。
11．推断题。根据some of these high speed lines have become popular tourist attractions. A good example of this is the Hefei-Fuzhou high speed line.其中一些高铁已经成为热门的旅游景点。合肥至福州高铁就是一个很好的例子。可推知是为了解释高铁线路可以成为热门的旅游景点。故选C。
12．细节题。根据Perhaps its most challenging project is a Trans Asian network（横贯亚洲铁路网）connecting China with Europe，可知中国计划承担的最具挑战性的项目是连接中欧，故选B。
13．细节题。根据Thanks to high speed rail, the travel time between main cities in China has already been reduced to only a few hours. So this convenience should improve the development within and out of China. No doubt, it will also bring the people of the country closer together, and in time bring about deep social changes.，可知高铁的优点是，它应该能促进中国国内外的发展，坐高铁在中国主要城市之间只需要几个小时，它将使这个国家的人民更加紧密地团结在一起，并带来深刻的社会变革，故选D。
14．主旨题。通读全文可知本文主要介绍了中国的高铁基本情况，以及未来要连接中国和欧洲的项目，所以Racing to the Future奔向未来是最佳标题，故选A。
【答案】15．D
16．B
17．B
18．A
【知识点】议论文；中国铁路建设
【解析】【分析】本文主要介绍了中国的高铁基本情况，以及未来要连接中国和欧洲的项目。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题、推断题和主旨题三种常考题型，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息；主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。
15．推理判断题，根据句子While the main advantage of the high speed rail lines is convenience for people to get from one city to another as quickly as possible, some of these high speed lines have become popular tourist attractions(景点). 虽然高铁的主要优点是方便人们从一个城市到另一个城市，这些高铁线路中的一些已经成为受欢迎的旅游景点。可知举例子的目的是说明高铁线路可以成为旅游景点。故选D。
16．细节理解题，根据句子Perhaps its most challenging project is a Trans Asian network connecting China with Europe. 也许它最具挑战性的项目是连接中国和欧洲。可知最具挑战性的项目是连接中国和欧洲，故选B。
17．细节理解题，根据句子Thanks to high speed rail, the travel time between main cities in China has already been reduced to only a few hours. 可知多亏了高速铁路，中国主要城市之间的旅行时间已经缩短到只有几个小时。故选B。
18．主旨大意题，通读全文可知本文主要介绍了中国高铁的基本情况，以及未来要连接中国和欧洲的项目，根据句子No doubt, it will also bring the people of the country closer together, and in time bring about deep social changes. 毫无疑问，它也将使这个国家的人民更紧密地联系在一起，并最终带来深刻的社会变革。所以奔向未来更加合适，故选A。
【答案】19．C
20．A
21．B
22．D
23．C
【知识点】说明文；中国铁路建设
【解析】【分析】本文介绍了“中老铁路”的修建细节及其意义。
【点评】考查阅读理解。细节理解题、推理判断题和词义猜测题是阅读理解题中常考题型。细节理解题需要从文中寻找答案；推理判断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息；词句猜测题需要联系上下文，推测出词句的意思。
19．推理判断题。根据Total length（长度）：1,035km；Length in Laos：422km可知，铁路总长1035千米，老挝境内长422千米，那么中国境内部分长1035-422=613千米。故选C。
20．细节理解题。根据 China-Laos Railway crosses areas rich in wildlife including wild Asian elephants. Developers set up protective fences（栅栏）to reduce the project's influence on them.（ 中老铁路穿越野生动物丰富的地区，包括野生亚洲象。 开发商设立了栅栏，以减少项目对他们的影响。 ）可知，开发商设置栅栏是为了保护野生动物。故选A。
21．词句猜测题。根据From: Kunming, capital of southwest China's Yunnan Province；To: Vientiane, capital city of Laos（ 出发地：中国西南云南省省会昆明；至：老挝首都万象 ）可知，此处两个城市指代的是昆明和万象。故选B。
22．推理判断题。根据As a symbol of friendship between China and Laos, China-Laos Railway could provide Laos with a connection with the world, which could make the country more attractive to investors（投资者）, create new jobs, and quicken economic（经济）growth.（ 作为中老友谊的象征，中老铁路可以为老挝提供一条通往世界的通道，从而提高老挝对投资者的吸引力，创造新的就业机会，加快经济增长。 ）推理可知，这条铁路是中国和老挝友谊的象征。故选D。
23．推理判断题。通读全文内容可知，本文介绍了“中老铁路”的修建细节及其意义，可能从新闻报道中读到。故选C。
【答案】24．C
25．C
【知识点】说明文；中国铁路建设
【解析】【分析】文章大意：本文主要介绍了中国令人难以置信的高铁。
【点评】考查阅读理解。首先通读全文，了解文章大意，然后分析问题和选项，从文中找到依据，最后得出正确答案。
24．细节理解题。根据文中第一段 At the beginning of the 21st century China had no high-speed railways. Slow, crowded and often uncomfortable trains ran across this vast country, 21世纪初，中国还没有高速铁路。缓慢、拥挤、常常让人不舒服的火车穿过这个辽阔的国家，可知，21世纪初，中国的火车很拥挤，故选C。
25．细节理解题。根据文中第二段 The network is expected to double in length again, to 70,000 kilometers, by 2035. 可知预计到2035年，该网络的长度将再翻一番，达到7万公里。故选C。
【答案】26．D
27．D
28．D
29．A
30．C
【知识点】新闻报道类；说明文；中国铁路建设
【解析】【分析】短文大意：本文主要介绍了北京——张家口高铁。
【点评】考查新闻报道类阅读。通读全文，了 解大意，根据对问题的理解在文章中寻找相关信息，结合上下文情境，给出答案。
26．细节理解题。根据最后一段中的 In addition, the Badaling Great Wall Station, the deepest underground railway station in China, 可知八达岭长城站是中国最深的地下火车站，故答案为D。
27．细节理解题。根据第二段中的The stations are managed by one control center, which is described by China Railway Beijing Group — also known as CR Bejing — as an "intelligent (智能的) brain". 可知控制中心被描述为一个"智能大脑"，故答案为D。
28．词义猜测提。根据第一段中的because it has used the latest technologies in railway building. 因为它使用了最新的铁路建设技术，可知此处是讲这条铁路是中国铁路发展的里程碑，milestone指代里程碑，故答案为D。
29．细节理解题。根据第四段中的All the ten stations provide e-ticket services. Travelers who have bought tickets online can use their ID cards instead of waiting in line for paper tickets. 可知是网络售票，不用排队，故答案为A。
30．细节理解题。根据第三段中的the Bejing—Zhangjiakou line are "smart" as they provide 5G signals and wireless charging (无线充电) for passengers, as well as intelligent lighting. 可知张家口高铁很智能，富有创造性，故答案为C。
31．【答案】（1）D
（2）D
（3）B
（4）A
【知识点】新闻报道类；说明文；中国铁路建设
【解析】【分析】本文主要介绍了为了避免乘坐火车时太吵，京沪高速铁路将配备安静车厢。
（1）段意概括题。通过通读本段，可知主要内容是介绍人们在火车上有时会很吵，故选D。
（2）细节理解题。根据第三段In quiet carriages, videos will be muted (静音) and doors at the ends of the carriage will be kept closed to reduce noise from other carriages, 可知在安静车厢，车厢末尾的门将保持关闭状态，故选D。
（3）词义猜测题。in favor of支持，与in support of同义，故选B。
（4）推理判断题。根据最后一段，可知主要内容是人们提出的一些问题，推测出规定应该更加明确，故选A。
【点评】考查阅读理解，包含段意概括题、细节理解题、词义猜测题、推理判断题，注意先略读文章，掌握文章大意，再根据题干到文章找到相关内容。
【答案】32．A
33．B
34．C
【知识点】说明文；中国铁路建设
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了中国近年来在科技方面的重大发展。文章介绍了中国首架大型国产喷气式客机C919和中国高铁的发展，以及一些发展中国家希望得到中国高铁技术方面的支持。表明了这些进步给中国人甚至全世界人民产生了重大影响。
【点评】 考查阅读理解。首先通读全文，理解文章大意，然后分析问题和选项，从文中找到依据，最后得出答案。
32．细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句"It also faces the challenge of competing with the Airbus A320 and the new Boeing B737."可知，国产大飞机C919将面临来自空客A320和波音B737的竞争。故选A。
33．细节理解题。根据第二段第一句"On May 5th, 2017, at Shanghai Pudong International Airport, China's first large homemade jet airliner(喷气式客机), the C919, took off successfully for the first time."可知，C919于2017年5月5日首次成功起飞。故选B。
34．主旨大意题。本文介绍了中国近年来在科技方面的重大发展，文章首先介绍了中国大型喷气式客机C919试飞成功，然后介绍了中国高铁的发展，以及一些国家希望在高铁方面得到中国的技术支持。表明了中国的发展对世界产生了更大的影响。故选C。
35．【答案】（1）A
（2）D
（3）D
（4）B
【知识点】新闻报道类；议论文；“一带一路”；中国铁路建设
【解析】【分析】文章大意：介绍的是中国高速铁路的过往与发展，并且着重介绍了我国为实行一带一路政策，准备于2020年前铺设世界最大，对高速的铁路网。
（1） 细节理解题。根据文中语句The construction（建设）of high-speed railways in China began with the building of the Qinhuangdao-Shenyang High-Speed Railway（HSR）in 1999．可见，中国的第一系高連铁路线是青岛至沈阳的这条高速铁路，故选A。
（2）细节理解题。根据文中语句So far，there have been about 1700 kilometers of HSR in service，along with trains of an average（平均）speed of 220 km/h以及It's said that the trains can run 400km/h可见，未来的火车比起现在，速度将会提升180千米每小时，故选D。
（3）细节理解题。根据文中语句Many markets along the Belt and Road，especially in Central Asia，Southeast Asia，the Middle East and Eastern European countries，are planning to build HSR lines．They look forward to getting technological support from China，可见冯浩说过，许多国家正在期待着中国的技术支持，故选D。
（4）细节理解题。根据文中语句So far，there have been about 1700 kilometers of HSR in service，along with trains of an average（平均）speedof 220 km/h以及It's said that the trains can run 400 km/h可见，文中提及到了高速铁路的速度，而其他三个选项中，不论是高速铁路的首创者，材料以及票价，都没有提及，故选B。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本文主要考查细节理解题，首先仔细阅读文后的问题，弄清问题的大意；然后带着问题阅读短文，抓住关键信息，选择正确答案。
1 / 1备战2024年中考英语阅读话题训练二 人与社会 主题13 高铁的建设与发展
一、阅读理解
（2023九上·余姚月考）阅读理解
China now has more than 30, 000 kilometers of high speed track, and this is expected to increase to 38,000 kilometers by 2025. Fully two thirds of the world's high speed rail(by length) is in China. Here, we track the exciting technological developments in high speed rail and consider their cultural influence.
While the main advantage of the high speed rail lines is convenient for people to get from one city to another as quickly as possible, some of these high speed lines have become popular tourist attractions(景点). A good example of this is the Hefei-Fuzhou high speed line. Technically speaking, this was one of the most challenging high speed rail routes ever built; nearly 90% of the track was laid either on bridges or in tunnels(隧道). However, the amazing views are worth it, as the train goes through some of China's most beautiful mountainous areas, including the Huangshan and the Wuyi Mountain Ranges.
As China has gained skills and knowledge in high speed rail, it is trying to export (出口) its technology to other countries. Its first project on the international market was the line connecting
Istanbul with Turkey's capital, Ankara, 530 kilometers away. This was followed by projects among other countries. Perhaps its most challenging project is a Trans Asian network connecting China with Europe. Although it is difficult, China will make every effort to take on this plan. It is hoped to be completed by 2030 as a part of China's Belt and Road Initiative (中国"一带一路"倡议).
Thanks to high speed rail, the travel time between main cities in China has already been reduced to only a few hours. So this convenience should improve the development within and out of China. No doubt, it will also bring the people of the country closer together, and in time bring about deep social changes.
1．What is the purpose of the example of the Hefei-Fuzhou line in Paragraph 2
A．To prove how fast the high speed lines can be.
B．To stress how convenient the high speed lines are.
C．To show the development of the high speed lines.
D．To explain high speed lines can be tourist attractions.
2．What is the most challenging project that China plans to set up
A．Inventing faster trains.
B．Connecting China with Europe.
C．Designing and building its own trains.
D．Connecting the whole country in 2030.
3．What advantage of the high speed rail is mentioned in the text
A．Improving the peace. B．Reducing the travel time.
C．Making tourism cheaper. D．Avoiding social changes.
4．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage
A．Racing to the Future
B．Great Changes in China
C．Rising China in the World
D．High Speed Rail in the World
【答案】1．D
2．B
3．B
4．A
【知识点】说明文；中国铁路建设
【解析】【分析】短文大意：本文介绍了中国目前拥有超过3万公里的高速铁路，预计到2025年将增至3.8万公里。详细地介绍了中国高铁的发展和未来的计划等。
【点评】考查说明文阅读。认真阅读题干，根据题干要求，在文中寻找答案所在的语句或段落，进行分析理解，词义猜测，推理判断和概括归纳，选出正确的选项。
1．目的意图题。根据第二段While the main advantage of the high speed rail lines is convenient for people to get from one city to another as quickly as possible, some of these high speed lines have become popular tourist attractions(景点). A good example of this is the Hefei-Fuzhou high speed line. Technically speaking, this was one of the most challenging high speed rail routes ever built; nearly 90% of the track was laid either on bridges or in tunnels(隧道). However, the amazing views are worth it, as the train goes through some of China's most beautiful mountainous areas, including the Huangshan and the Wuyi Mountain Ranges.（虽然高铁线路的主要优势是方便人们尽快从一个城市到另一个城市，但其中一些高铁线路已成为热门旅游景点。肥至福州高铁就是一个很好的例子。从技术上讲，这是有史以来最具挑战性的高铁路线之一，近90%的轨道要么铺设在桥梁上，要么铺设在隧道中。然而，当火车经过中国一些最美丽的山区时，这些令人惊叹的景色是值得的，包括黄山和武夷山山脉。）可知，第二段合肥至福州线的例子的目的是解释高铁线路可以成为旅游景点。故答案为D 。
2．细节理解题。根据This was followed by projects among other countries. Perhaps its most challenging project is a Trans Asian network connecting China with Europe.可知，中国计划承担的最具挑战性的项目是连接中国和欧洲。故答案为B 。
3．细节理解题。根据Thanks to high speed rail, the travel time between main cities in Chinahas already been reduced to only a few hours .可知，文中提到高铁的优点是"缩短旅行时间"。故答案为B 。
4．标题归纳题。根据No doubt, it will also bring the people of the country closer together, and in time bring about deep social changes.（毫无疑问，它也将使这个国家的人民更紧密地联系在一起，并及时带来深刻的社会变化。）和全文内容可知，本文主要介绍了中国目前拥有超过3万公里的高速铁路，预计到2025年将增至3.8万公里。详细地介绍了中国高铁的发展和未来的计划等。所以最好的标题是"奔向未来"。故答案为A 。
（2020·呼和浩特） 阅读理解
New trains run across rocky mountains and the Great Wall to the north of Beijing like bullets（子弹）. They run on a high-speed railway line between Beijing and Zhangjiakou. The opening was on Dec 30, 2019.
The railway is an important support project for the 2022 Winter Olympics. The 174-km railway's trains move at a top speed of 350 km/h. This reduces the travel time between Beijing and Zhangjiakou, the Winter Games will be held there, from over three hours to only 47 minutes. It has 10 stops in total. It will help improve tourism. There are places of interest nearby.
Some of the trains on this railway are smart trains that can run by themselves. With the help of the Beidou Navigation Satellite System, they can automatically（自动）start, run between stations, change their timing according to the time table, correctly stop at a station, and open and close their doors. Passengers can also watch live sports programmes during the Winter Olympics on the train, which is helped with 5G technology.
Some people consider Zhan Tianyou as "the father of China's railways". Who is Zhan Tianyou In 1872, the Qing government chose 30 young boys to be sent to the US to study. They were the first students in Chinese history to study abroad. Zhan Tianyou was one of them. After graduating from Yale University, Zhan came back to China. In 1905, the Qing government decided to build a railroad between Beijng and Zhangjiakou. Zhan, who studied engineering, led the project. The project is best-known for its Y-shaped switchback（人字形坡路）. There are many mountains along the Beijng-Zhangjiakou railway. It was difficult for trains to climb the mountains.
He led construction（建设）on the old Beijing—Zhangjiakou railway, China's first independently—designed railway. It was not possible to build a railway without foreign help at that time. But Zhan, the head engineer of the railway project, insisted（坚持） that it could be done. Zhan came up with an idea to reduce the slope（坡度）: a Y-shaped switchback. Instead of going directly from A to B along a steep（陡的）slope, the train goes from A to C first and then from C to B. This makes the slope much less steep.
After many difficulties, the Beijing—Zhangjiakou line went into operation in 1909. Its trains ran at 35 km/h.
As President Xi Jinping said, the Beijing-Zhangjiakou railway stands for the development of China's railways over more than a century, as well as China's development in general.
5．Which is not correct about the Beijing-Zhangjiakou high-speed railway
A．Its construction is of great value for the 2022 Winter Olympics.
B．It was based on the old Beijing-Zhangjiakou railway that was built by foreigners.
C．Not all of the trains on this railway are conducted by man.
D．The trains on this railway are faster than before.
6．Thanks to ____, the trains on the Beijing-Zhangjiakou high-speed railway can start automatically.
A．the Beidou Navigation Satellite System
B．Zhan Tianyou
C．5G technology
D．Yale University
7．Which is wrong about Zhan Tianyou
A．He is remembered as one of the most important engineers in Chinese history.
B．He took the advice of Qing government and designed V-shaped switchback on his own.
C．He was chosen and sent to the US to study engineering with other young boys in 1872.
D．Though he went through a lot of difficulties, he succeeded at last.
8．What do the underlined words mean They mean ____.
A．sports programmes that are happening while they are shown
B．sports programmes that are lively
C．sports programmes that are popular
D．sports programmes that last long time
9．Why was the old Beijing-Zhangjiakou railway designed its Y-shaped switchback
A．To help people know more about sightseeing nearby.
B．To make China's first independently-designed railway famous.
C．To make the trains speed up.
D．To reduce the difficulty of building.
【答案】5．B
6．A
7．B
8．A
9．D
【知识点】说明文；对社会有突出贡献的人物事迹；中国铁路建设
【解析】【分析】大意：文章介绍了京张铁路的背景和建造者詹天佑。
【点评】考查阅读理解。注意首先查看题干，划取问题关键词；再仔细阅读文章，排除错误及无关选项，选择正确答案。
5．细节理解题。根据第五段He led construction(建设) on the old Beijing—Zhangjiakou railway, China's first independently—designed railway. It was not possible to build a railway without foreign help at that time. But Zhan, the head engineer of the railway project, insisted(坚持) that it could be done. 他领导了中国第一条独立设计的铁路——老京张铁路的建设。当时没有外国的帮助是不可能修建铁路的。但詹，铁路项目的总工程师，坚持认为这是可以做到的，可知它不是以外国人修建的旧京张铁路为基础的。故选B。
6．细节理解题。根据第三段With the help of the Beidou Navigation Satellite System, they can automatically(自动) start, run between stations, change their timing according to the time table, correctly stop at a station, and open and close their doors. 在北斗导航卫星系统的帮助下，他们可以自动启动、在站点之间运行、根据时间表更改时间、正确停靠站点以及打开和关闭车门，可知感谢北斗导航卫星系统。故选A。
7．细节理解题。根据第四段After graduating from Yale University, Zhan came back to China. In 1905, the Qing government decided to build a railroad between Beijng and Zhangjiakou. Zhan, who studied engineering, led the project. The project is best-known for its Y-shaped switchback(人字形坡路). 从耶鲁大学毕业后，詹回到了中国。1905年，清政府决定在北京和张家口之间修建一条铁路。詹是工程专业的学生，他领导了这个项目。该项目以其Y形折返而闻名，可知不是V字形，B表述错误。故选B。
8．词义猜测题。根据during the Winter Olympics on the train, which is helped with 5G technology. 在5G技术的帮助下，可知应是可以实时观看正在播放的体育节目。故选A。
9．推断题。根据倒数第二段Zhan came up with an idea to reduce the slope(坡度): a Y-shaped switchback. Instead of going directly from A to B along a steep(陡的) slope, the train goes from A to C first and then from C to B. This makes the slope much less steep. 詹想出了一个减少坡度的主意：一个Y形的转弯。火车不是沿着陡峭的斜坡从A直接到B，而是先从A到C，然后从C到B。这使得斜坡不那么陡峭，可知是减少建造的难度。故选D。
（2022·阜新）Passage 2阅读理解
China now has more than 30, 000 kilometers of high speed track, and this is expected to increase to 38,000 kilometers by 2025. Fully two thirds of the world's high speed rail（by length）is in China. Here, we track the exciting technological developments in high speed rail and consider their cultural influence.
While the main advantage of the high speed rail lines is convenience for people to get from one city to another as quickly as possible, some of these high speed lines have become popular tourist attractions（places that many tourists visit）. A good example of this is the Hefei-Fuzhou high speed line. Technically speaking, this was one of the most challenging high speed rail routes ever built; nearly 90% of the track was laid either on bridges or in tunnels（隧道）. However, the amazing views are worth it, as the train goes through some of China's most beautiful mountainous areas, including the Huangshan and the Wuyi Mountain Ranges.
As China has gained skills and knowledge in high speed rail, it is trying to export（出口）its technology to other countries. Its first project on the international market was the line connecting Istanbul with Turkey's capital, Ankara, 530 kilometers away. This was followed by projects among other countries. Perhaps its most challenging project is a Trans Asian network（横贯亚洲铁路网）connecting China with Europe. Although it is difficult, China will make every effort to take on this plan. It is hoped to be completed by 2030 as a part of China's Belt and Road Initiative（一带一路的倡议）.
Thanks to high speed rail, the travel time between main cities in China has already been reduced to only a few hours. So this convenience should improve the development within and out of China. No doubt, it will also bring the people of the country closer together, and in time bring about deep social changes.
10．How many kilometers of high speed track does China have now
A．Over 38,000. B．Over 30,000.
C．Over 45,000. D．Over 57,000.
11．Why does the writer talk about the Hefei-Fuzhou line in Paragraph 2
A．To prove how fast the high speed lines can be.
B．To stress how convenient the high speed lines are.
C．To explain high speed lines can be popular tourist attractions.
D．To show the technical development of the high speed lines.
12．What is the most challenging project that China plans to take on
A．Inventing faster trains.
B．Connecting China with Europe.
C．Designing and building its own trains.
D．Connecting the whole country in 2030.
13．What advantages does the high speed rail have
A．It should improve the development within and out of China.
B．It takes only a few hours to travel between main cities in China by high-speed train.
C．It will bring the people of the country closer together, and bring about deep social changes.
D．All the above.
14．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage
A．Racing to the Future
B．Great Changes in China
C．Rising China in the World
D．High Speed Rail in the World
【答案】10．B
11．C
12．B
13．D
14．A
【知识点】新闻报道类；说明文；中国铁路建设
【解析】【分析】本文主要介绍了中国的高铁基本情况，以及未来要连接中国和欧洲的项目。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题，推断题，和主旨题，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息，主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。
10．细节题。根据China now has more than 30, 000 kilometers of high speed track，可知中国现在有超过30000公里的高速铁路，故选B。
11．推断题。根据some of these high speed lines have become popular tourist attractions. A good example of this is the Hefei-Fuzhou high speed line.其中一些高铁已经成为热门的旅游景点。合肥至福州高铁就是一个很好的例子。可推知是为了解释高铁线路可以成为热门的旅游景点。故选C。
12．细节题。根据Perhaps its most challenging project is a Trans Asian network（横贯亚洲铁路网）connecting China with Europe，可知中国计划承担的最具挑战性的项目是连接中欧，故选B。
13．细节题。根据Thanks to high speed rail, the travel time between main cities in China has already been reduced to only a few hours. So this convenience should improve the development within and out of China. No doubt, it will also bring the people of the country closer together, and in time bring about deep social changes.，可知高铁的优点是，它应该能促进中国国内外的发展，坐高铁在中国主要城市之间只需要几个小时，它将使这个国家的人民更加紧密地团结在一起，并带来深刻的社会变革，故选D。
14．主旨题。通读全文可知本文主要介绍了中国的高铁基本情况，以及未来要连接中国和欧洲的项目，所以Racing to the Future奔向未来是最佳标题，故选A。
（2022九上·余杭月考）阅读下列短文，从题中所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中选出最佳选项。
China now has more than 30, 000 kilometers of high speed track, and this is expected to increase to 38,000 kilometers by 2025. Fully two thirds of the world's high speed rail(by length) is in China. Here, we track the exciting technological developments in high speed rail and consider their cultural influence.
While the main advantage of the high speed rail lines is convenience for people to get from one city to another as quickly as possible, some of these high speed lines have become popular tourist attractions(景点). A good example of this is the Hefei-Fuzhou high speed line. Technically speaking, this was one of the most challenging high speed rail routes ever built; nearly 90% of the track was laid either on bridges or in tunnels(隧道). However, the amazing views are worth it, as the train goes through some of China's most beautiful mountainous areas, including the Huangshan and the Wuyi Mountain Ranges.
As China has gained skills and knowledge in high speed rail, it is trying to export (出口) its technology to other countries. Its first project on the international market was the line connecting
Istanbul with Turkey's capital, Ankara, 530 kilometers away. This was followed by projects among other countries. Perhaps its most challenging project is a Trans Asian network connecting China with Europe. Although it is difficult, China will make every effort to take on this plan. It is hoped to be completed by 2030 as a part of China's Belt and Road Initiative (中国“一带一路”倡议).
Thanks to high speed rail, the travel time between main cities in China has already been reduced to only a few hours. So this convenience should improve the development within and out of China. No doubt, it will also bring the people of the country closer together, and in time bring about deep social changes.
15．What is the purpose of the example of the Hefei-Fuzhou line in Paragraph 2
A．To prove how fast the high speed lines can be.
B．To stress how convenient the high speed lines are.
C．To show the development of the high speed lines.
D．To explain high speed lines can be tourist attractions.
16．What is the most challenging project that China plans to set up
A．Inventing faster trains.
B．Connecting China with Europe.
C．Designing and building its own trains.
D．Connecting the whole country in 2030.
17．What advantage of the high speed rail is mentioned in the text
A．Improving the peace. B．Reducing the travel time.
C．Making tourism cheaper. D．Avoiding social changes.
18．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage
A．Racing to the Future B．Great Changes in China
C．Rising China in the World D．High Speed Rail in the World
【答案】15．D
16．B
17．B
18．A
【知识点】议论文；中国铁路建设
【解析】【分析】本文主要介绍了中国的高铁基本情况，以及未来要连接中国和欧洲的项目。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题、推断题和主旨题三种常考题型，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息；主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。
15．推理判断题，根据句子While the main advantage of the high speed rail lines is convenience for people to get from one city to another as quickly as possible, some of these high speed lines have become popular tourist attractions(景点). 虽然高铁的主要优点是方便人们从一个城市到另一个城市，这些高铁线路中的一些已经成为受欢迎的旅游景点。可知举例子的目的是说明高铁线路可以成为旅游景点。故选D。
16．细节理解题，根据句子Perhaps its most challenging project is a Trans Asian network connecting China with Europe. 也许它最具挑战性的项目是连接中国和欧洲。可知最具挑战性的项目是连接中国和欧洲，故选B。
17．细节理解题，根据句子Thanks to high speed rail, the travel time between main cities in China has already been reduced to only a few hours. 可知多亏了高速铁路，中国主要城市之间的旅行时间已经缩短到只有几个小时。故选B。
18．主旨大意题，通读全文可知本文主要介绍了中国高铁的基本情况，以及未来要连接中国和欧洲的项目，根据句子No doubt, it will also bring the people of the country closer together, and in time bring about deep social changes. 毫无疑问，它也将使这个国家的人民更紧密地联系在一起，并最终带来深刻的社会变革。所以奔向未来更加合适，故选A。
（2022·乐昌模拟）阅读短文，从每小题所给的四个选项中，选出能回答所提问题或完成所给句子的最佳答案。
China-Laos Railway Welcome to take the train of China-Laos Railway! As a very important project of China's Belt and Road Initiative（BRI“一带一路"倡议）, the railway was put into use on Dec. 3, 2021. Presidents of the two countries saw the opening of the railway by video. Let's take a look! From: Kunming, capital of southwest China's Yunnan Province To: Vientiane, capital city of Laos
Total length（长度）：1, 035km Length in Laos：422km Train speed：160 km-200 km per hour China-Laos Railway crosses areas rich in wildlife including wild Asian elephants. Developers set up protective fences（栅栏）to reduce the project's influence on them. As a symbol of friendship between China and Laos, China-Laos Railway could provide Laos with a connection with the world, which could make the country more attractive to investors（投资者）, create new jobs, and quicken economic（经济）growth. It will cut the travel time between the two cities to about 10 hours. The railway created more than 110, 00 jobs for people in Laos during its constitution（建设）. Construction of the Las part started in December 2016, and construction of the China part linking Yuxi and the border（边境）town of Mohan started in December 2015.
19．The China part of China-Laos Railway is_________.
A．160km B．422km C．613km D．1,035km
20．Developers set up fences to_________.
A．protect wild animals. B．stop people crossing the railway
C．protect the railway D．avoid environmental pollution
21．The underlined words"the two cities"in the passage refer to_________.
A．Yuxi and Vientiane B．Kunming and Vientiane
C．Mohan and Vientiane D．Kunming and Yuxi
22．From the last two paragraphs, we can infer that China-Laos Railway_________.
A．will attract fewer investors to Laos
B．made many people lose their jobs
C．started its construction in December 2016
D．is a symbol of friendship between China and Laos
23．You may read this passage from_________.
A．a science magazine B．a story book
C．a news report D．an English learning guide
【答案】19．C
20．A
21．B
22．D
23．C
【知识点】说明文；中国铁路建设
【解析】【分析】本文介绍了“中老铁路”的修建细节及其意义。
【点评】考查阅读理解。细节理解题、推理判断题和词义猜测题是阅读理解题中常考题型。细节理解题需要从文中寻找答案；推理判断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息；词句猜测题需要联系上下文，推测出词句的意思。
19．推理判断题。根据Total length（长度）：1,035km；Length in Laos：422km可知，铁路总长1035千米，老挝境内长422千米，那么中国境内部分长1035-422=613千米。故选C。
20．细节理解题。根据 China-Laos Railway crosses areas rich in wildlife including wild Asian elephants. Developers set up protective fences（栅栏）to reduce the project's influence on them.（ 中老铁路穿越野生动物丰富的地区，包括野生亚洲象。 开发商设立了栅栏，以减少项目对他们的影响。 ）可知，开发商设置栅栏是为了保护野生动物。故选A。
21．词句猜测题。根据From: Kunming, capital of southwest China's Yunnan Province；To: Vientiane, capital city of Laos（ 出发地：中国西南云南省省会昆明；至：老挝首都万象 ）可知，此处两个城市指代的是昆明和万象。故选B。
22．推理判断题。根据As a symbol of friendship between China and Laos, China-Laos Railway could provide Laos with a connection with the world, which could make the country more attractive to investors（投资者）, create new jobs, and quicken economic（经济）growth.（ 作为中老友谊的象征，中老铁路可以为老挝提供一条通往世界的通道，从而提高老挝对投资者的吸引力，创造新的就业机会，加快经济增长。 ）推理可知，这条铁路是中国和老挝友谊的象征。故选D。
23．推理判断题。通读全文内容可知，本文介绍了“中老铁路”的修建细节及其意义，可能从新闻报道中读到。故选C。
（2021·永州）阅读下面的材料，从每小题所给的A、B、C三个选项中，选出最佳答案。
China's unbelievable high-speed rail network At the beginning of the 21st century China had no high-speed railways. Slow, crowded and often uncomfortable trains ran across this vast country, with low average speeds making journeys such as Shanghai-Beijing a test of travel. Today, it's a completely different picture. With 37,900 kilometers of lines, linking all of its major big cities. China has the world's largest work of high-speed railways. Half of that total has been completed in the last five years alone, with a further 3,700 kilometers due to open in the coming months of 2021. The network is expected to double in length again, to 70,000 kilometers, by 2035.
24．How were the trains in China at the beginning of the 21st century
A．Fast. B．Comfortable. C．Crowded.
25．How many kilometers of lines are due to open in the coming months of 2021
A．3,700. B．37,900. C．70,000.
【答案】24．C
25．C
【知识点】说明文；中国铁路建设
【解析】【分析】文章大意：本文主要介绍了中国令人难以置信的高铁。
【点评】考查阅读理解。首先通读全文，了解文章大意，然后分析问题和选项，从文中找到依据，最后得出正确答案。
24．细节理解题。根据文中第一段 At the beginning of the 21st century China had no high-speed railways. Slow, crowded and often uncomfortable trains ran across this vast country, 21世纪初，中国还没有高速铁路。缓慢、拥挤、常常让人不舒服的火车穿过这个辽阔的国家，可知，21世纪初，中国的火车很拥挤，故选C。
25．细节理解题。根据文中第二段 The network is expected to double in length again, to 70,000 kilometers, by 2035. 可知预计到2035年，该网络的长度将再翻一番，达到7万公里。故选C。
（2021·丹东模拟）阅读理解
The opening of the Beijing—Zhangjiakou high-speed railway took place in December, 2019. The
railway is a milestone in China's railway development because it has
used the latest technologies in railway building.
The railway is 174 kilometers long, with 10 stations. The
stations are managed by one control center, which is described by China Railway
Beijing Group — also known
as CR Bejing — as an "intelligent (智能的) brain". The center collects and shares the stations'
real-time information. "With the information, the workers in the center
can control the stations' lighting and temperature, monitor (监测) trains' operation and deal with emergencies(紧急情况). " said Zhu Dianping, from CR Beiing.
Zhu said some trains on the Bejing—Zhangjiakou line are "smart"
as they provide 5G signals and wireless charging (无线充电)
for passengers, as well as intelligent lighting. These trains can start and
stop, open and close doors, and deal with emergencies themselves.
All the ten stations provide e-ticket services. Travelers
who have bought tickets online can use their ID cards instead of waiting in
line for paper tickets.
At Qinghe Railway Station in Beijing, China's first
visual remote ticket vending machine (远程可视售票机) has been installed (安装) to help passengers
who are not able to afford tickets online. Passengers keep in touch with the
conductor through the machine and buy tickets according to video instructions.
In addition, the Badaling Great Wall Station, the deepest
underground railway station in China, is another great example of the country's
achievements in railway building.
26．Which can be inferred (推断) according to the passage
A．Each station has a control center.
B．All the trains can start and stop themselves.
C．All the stations have visual remote ticket vending machines.
D．The Badaling Great Wall Station is the deepest underground railway station in China.
27．The control center is described as ________.
A．CR Beijing B．Railway Beijing Group
C．a railway station D．an "intelligent brain"
28．What does the word "milestone" mean in Chinese
A．英石(重量单位) B．垫脚石
C．里程表 D．里程碑
29．E-ticket services are provided so that travelers ________.
A．don't have to wait in line for paper tickets
B．can buy cheaper tickets
C．can only buy tickets online
D．can buy paper tickets
30．What is special about the Beijing—Zhangialou high-speed railway according to the passage
A．Fast and cheap. B．Long and deep.
C．Smart and intelligent. D．Expensive and steady.
【答案】26．D
27．D
28．D
29．A
30．C
【知识点】新闻报道类；说明文；中国铁路建设
【解析】【分析】短文大意：本文主要介绍了北京——张家口高铁。
【点评】考查新闻报道类阅读。通读全文，了 解大意，根据对问题的理解在文章中寻找相关信息，结合上下文情境，给出答案。
26．细节理解题。根据最后一段中的 In addition, the Badaling Great Wall Station, the deepest underground railway station in China, 可知八达岭长城站是中国最深的地下火车站，故答案为D。
27．细节理解题。根据第二段中的The stations are managed by one control center, which is described by China Railway Beijing Group — also known as CR Bejing — as an "intelligent (智能的) brain". 可知控制中心被描述为一个"智能大脑"，故答案为D。
28．词义猜测提。根据第一段中的because it has used the latest technologies in railway building. 因为它使用了最新的铁路建设技术，可知此处是讲这条铁路是中国铁路发展的里程碑，milestone指代里程碑，故答案为D。
29．细节理解题。根据第四段中的All the ten stations provide e-ticket services. Travelers who have bought tickets online can use their ID cards instead of waiting in line for paper tickets. 可知是网络售票，不用排队，故答案为A。
30．细节理解题。根据第三段中的the Bejing—Zhangjiakou line are "smart" as they provide 5G signals and wireless charging (无线充电) for passengers, as well as intelligent lighting. 可知张家口高铁很智能，富有创造性，故答案为C。
31．（2020九上·余姚期末）阅读理解
Many of you have probably had this experience: You get on a train and are ready to take a nap or read a book, only to find that the passenger in front of you is watching a TV show without earphones. The child next to you won't stop crying. And the man behind you talks on her phone during the whole trip.
Wish the train could be less noisy There might be a solution for you. The Beijing Shanghai high-speed railway, one of China's busiest high-speed rail lines, will have "quiet" carriages (车厢) starting from Dec 23, Xinhua reported.
In quiet carriages, videos will be muted (静音) and doors at the ends of the carriage will be kept closed to reduce noise from other carriages, CGTN noted. Train attendants (乘务员) will make sure that passengers remain quiet and follow the rules.
Passengers who are willing to follow the rules can choose the quiet carriages when booking their tickets, according to China Daily.
Some people have pointed out that this kind of quiet environment should be offered in all carriages. They say that having quiet carriages might give people the idea that they don't need to be quiet in non-quiet carriages.
While some Internet users are in favor of the new service, it has also led discussion about just how quiet travelers should be in quiet carriages. Many people have raised questions such as "What if l snore (打呼噜) "and "Can we talk to our travel partners if we need to "
（1）The first paragraph is written to show that _______________.
A．many people watch TV shows on trains
B．people do all kinds of things on trains
C．traveling by train is very common
D．people on trains are sometimes very noisy
（2）In the quiet carriages, it is TRUE that _______________.
A．train attendants won't be at the service
B．no one will make sure passengers follow the rules
C．passengers won't be allowed to watch videos
D．the doors at the ends of the carriage will stay closed
（3）The underlined phrase "in favor of' in the last paragraph means _______________.
A．in need of B．in support of C．in search of D．in place of
（4）From the last paragraph, we can know that _______________.
A．the rules should be made more clear
B．most people don't like the service
C．it's easy to make trains perfectly quiet
D．the service is better for travelling alone
【答案】（1）D
（2）D
（3）B
（4）A
【知识点】新闻报道类；说明文；中国铁路建设
【解析】【分析】本文主要介绍了为了避免乘坐火车时太吵，京沪高速铁路将配备安静车厢。
（1）段意概括题。通过通读本段，可知主要内容是介绍人们在火车上有时会很吵，故选D。
（2）细节理解题。根据第三段In quiet carriages, videos will be muted (静音) and doors at the ends of the carriage will be kept closed to reduce noise from other carriages, 可知在安静车厢，车厢末尾的门将保持关闭状态，故选D。
（3）词义猜测题。in favor of支持，与in support of同义，故选B。
（4）推理判断题。根据最后一段，可知主要内容是人们提出的一些问题，推测出规定应该更加明确，故选A。
【点评】考查阅读理解，包含段意概括题、细节理解题、词义猜测题、推理判断题，注意先略读文章，掌握文章大意，再根据题干到文章找到相关内容。
（2020九上·西安月考）阅读理解
Chinahas been famous around the world since ancient times. In the past, we had theFour Great Inventions. Nowadays, more inventions and creations have made Chinastronger and greater in the world.
OnMay 5th, 2017, at Shanghai Pudong International Airport, China's first largehomemade jet airliner(喷气式客机),the C919, took off successfully for the first time. It has taken about tenyears for the scientists and researchers to make this Chinese Dream come true.It's a pride of the whole nation. So far, more than 23 companies have alreadyordered 570 C919 planes from China. But we still have a long way to go beforethe C919 carries passengers by 2020. It also faces the challenge of competingwith the Airbus A320 and the new Boeing B737.
What'smore, China is working on the new high-speed trains with the highest speed of400 km/h. It will be ready by 2020. The new trains are expected to push areacooperation(合作)and create new business for China and foreign countries. Many countries,especially the ones in Central Asia, Southeast Asia, the Middle East andEastern Europe, are planning to build high-speed rail lines or to improve theirrailways with the help of China. They'd to get support in technology fromChina.
Chinahas made great progress in both science and technology. And it makes a greatcontribution(贡献)to human, too. All of these are changing the daily life of Chinese people, evenof the people around the world.
32．The C919 will have a competition with ________ and the new Boeing B737.
A．the Airbus A320 B．the Boeing B777
C．the Airbus A380 D．the Boeing B787
33．Which of the following is true according to the passage
A．Over 32 companies ordered 570 C919 planes from China.
B．Successfully, the C919 took off for the first time on May 5th, 2017.
C．Many countries in Central Asia help China build high-speed rail lines.
D．The high-speed trains with the speed of 400 km/h can carry more passengers.
34．The passage mainly wants to tell us ________.
A．the Chinese scientists are better at science and technology than before.
B．the Four Great Inventions makes China strong and great in the world.
C．China has increased the international influence with its development.
D．China has produced the new high-speed trains with the speed of 400 km/h.
【答案】32．A
33．B
34．C
【知识点】说明文；中国铁路建设
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了中国近年来在科技方面的重大发展。文章介绍了中国首架大型国产喷气式客机C919和中国高铁的发展，以及一些发展中国家希望得到中国高铁技术方面的支持。表明了这些进步给中国人甚至全世界人民产生了重大影响。
【点评】 考查阅读理解。首先通读全文，理解文章大意，然后分析问题和选项，从文中找到依据，最后得出答案。
32．细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句"It also faces the challenge of competing with the Airbus A320 and the new Boeing B737."可知，国产大飞机C919将面临来自空客A320和波音B737的竞争。故选A。
33．细节理解题。根据第二段第一句"On May 5th, 2017, at Shanghai Pudong International Airport, China's first large homemade jet airliner(喷气式客机), the C919, took off successfully for the first time."可知，C919于2017年5月5日首次成功起飞。故选B。
34．主旨大意题。本文介绍了中国近年来在科技方面的重大发展，文章首先介绍了中国大型喷气式客机C919试飞成功，然后介绍了中国高铁的发展，以及一些国家希望在高铁方面得到中国的技术支持。表明了中国的发展对世界产生了更大的影响。故选C。
35．（2020·丽水模拟）阅读理解
The construction (建设)
of high-speed railways in China began with the building of the Qinhuangdao-
Shenyang High-Speed Railway (HSR) in 1999. Now the high-speed rail network in China
is the largest in the world. So far, there have been about 1,700 kilometers of
HSR in service, along with trains of an average (平均)
speed of 220 km/h.
Now Chinese government plans to spend $300
million building the largest and fastest HSR system in the world by 2020. It's
said that the trains can run 400 km/h and create new business for China and
other countries through the Belt and Road (一带一路).
It's predicted that the HSR network in China
will reach 30,000 kilometers and it will be like a grid, which is mainly made
up of 8 long-distance high-speed rail lines: four north-south HSR lines and
four east-west HSR lines. Except for the Qingdao-Taiyuan HSR, all HSR lines of
the rail grid are longer than 1,000 kilometers.
Feng Hao, an expert, says "Many markets
along the Belt and Road, especially in Central Asia, Southeast Asia, the Middle
East and Eastern European countries, are planning to build HSR lines. They look
forward to getting technological support from China".
（1）_______________ is the first HSR line in China.
A．The Qinhuangdao-Shenyang HSR B．The Qingdao-Taiyuan HSR
C．The Beijing-Shanghai HSR D．The Qinhuangdao-Shanghai HSR
（2）By 2020, the trains run _______________ km/h faster than before.
A．400 B．300 C．220 D．180
（3）What does the expert Feng Hao say
A．Our country supports other countries in money.
B．Many markets are not planning to build HSR lines.
C．Our country plans to spend $300 million building HSR system.
D．Other countries want to get technological support from our country in HSR.
（4）Which of the following is mentioned
A．The first builders of HSR. B．The speed of HSR.
C．The building materials of HSR. D．The ticket price of HSR.
【答案】（1）A
（2）D
（3）D
（4）B
【知识点】新闻报道类；议论文；“一带一路”；中国铁路建设
【解析】【分析】文章大意：介绍的是中国高速铁路的过往与发展，并且着重介绍了我国为实行一带一路政策，准备于2020年前铺设世界最大，对高速的铁路网。
（1） 细节理解题。根据文中语句The construction（建设）of high-speed railways in China began with the building of the Qinhuangdao-Shenyang High-Speed Railway（HSR）in 1999．可见，中国的第一系高連铁路线是青岛至沈阳的这条高速铁路，故选A。
（2）细节理解题。根据文中语句So far，there have been about 1700 kilometers of HSR in service，along with trains of an average（平均）speed of 220 km/h以及It's said that the trains can run 400km/h可见，未来的火车比起现在，速度将会提升180千米每小时，故选D。
（3）细节理解题。根据文中语句Many markets along the Belt and Road，especially in Central Asia，Southeast Asia，the Middle East and Eastern European countries，are planning to build HSR lines．They look forward to getting technological support from China，可见冯浩说过，许多国家正在期待着中国的技术支持，故选D。
（4）细节理解题。根据文中语句So far，there have been about 1700 kilometers of HSR in service，along with trains of an average（平均）speedof 220 km/h以及It's said that the trains can run 400 km/h可见，文中提及到了高速铁路的速度，而其他三个选项中，不论是高速铁路的首创者，材料以及票价，都没有提及，故选B。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本文主要考查细节理解题，首先仔细阅读文后的问题，弄清问题的大意；然后带着问题阅读短文，抓住关键信息，选择正确答案。
1 / 1
