备战2024年中考英语阅读话题训练三 人与自然 主题15人与自然和谐共生
一、阅读理解
（2023·南通） 阅读理解
Climate change(气候变化)has brought a serious warning to the living areas of the Siberian crane, increasing the need to better protect the birds and their migratory channels (迁徙路径), an expert said.
The Siberian crane breeds (繁殖) in northeast Siberia in Russia and flies to Poyang Lake for the winter in East China's Jiangxi Province. About 95 percent of the birds spend the season in Poyang.
Qian Fawen, a research professor from the National Bird Banding Center of China, said that Poyang's water levels decide whether it is suitable for the birds to live there. However, climate change has made the levels change often. "In some years, the lake experiences floods; in others, it experiences droughts. Both of these situations create food shortages in the cranes' living area," he said.
The Siberian crane is listed as seriously endangered on the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List. "We need to protect their living area, which is mainly wetland, so that we can protect them," Qian said.
In the recently announced National Action Plan for the Protection of Bird Migration Channels (2021-35), 1, 140 places in China were considered as important breeding grounds, wintering grounds and staying stops, including Poyang and the Yellow River wetland in Ningxia. The plan said that the government should watch and count the number of migratory birds and pay farmers for losses caused by the birds.
Since China joined the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands in 1992, it has designated (指定) 202,600 hectares of wetland as Wetlands of International Importance. They store and clean water, keep all kinds of living things, help store floods and prevent droughts. According to a plan announced by the central government in October, by 2025, China will have protected 55 percent of its wetlands.
After the Wetlands Protection Law, the nation's first law to protect wetlands, was introduced on June 1, 2022, complete protection was strengthened. The law clearly explained what the government should do and introduced strict punishment for people who destroy wetland areas. It limits building at important national wetlands and it doesn't allow harmful activities, including using them as farmlands, leaving wastewater everywhere, harvesting and fishing too much.
Key nature reserve management offices in China have reported more birds wintering in the nation's wetlands, including some new rare kinds. ▲
1．What can we learn from Paragraph 2 to Paragraph 4
A．About 95 percent of the Siberian cranes spend their winter in Poyang Lake.
B．Climate change has little influence on the Siberian cranes' living area in Poyang.
C．The Siberian cranes will live in Poyang all year round if the wetland is protected.
D．Water levels decide that Poyang Lake isn't suitable for the Siberian cranes to live.
2．Which of the following behaviors is right at important wetlands
①building houses②making farmlands③limiting fishing
④leaving wastewater⑤watching birds
A．①③ B．②④ C．③⑤ D．②⑤
3．What does this passage mainly tell us
A．The problem the Siberian cranes face and the ways people protect wetlands.
B．The reason why the Siberian cranes migrate and the place they usually stay in.
C．The importance of protecting the Siberian cranes and the result it will lead to.
D．The loss of wetlands and the actions that have already been taken to help them.
4．What will the writer probably continue to write in " ▲ " in Paragraph 8
A．People have done something to protect wetlands.
B．The number of the birds has increased in wetlands.
C．Experts will go on to do other research on wetlands.
D．The government will make more laws to protect wetlands.
【答案】1．A
2．C
3．A
4．B
【知识点】环保类；说明文
【解析】【分析】大意：文章主要介绍了西伯利亚鹤面临的问题以及人们保护湿地的方式。
【点评】考查阅读理解。注意多做练习：提高英语阅读理解能力需要大量的练习，可以通过做阅读理解练习题来提高自己的阅读理解水平。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段The Siberian crane breeds(繁殖) in northeast Siberia in Russia and flies to Poyang Lake for the winter in East China's Jiangxi Province. About 95 percent of the birds spend the season in Poyang. 西伯利亚鹤在俄罗斯西伯利亚东北部繁殖，飞往中国东部江西省的鄱阳湖过冬。大约95%的鸟类在鄱阳湖度过这个季节，可知大约95%的西伯利亚鹤在鄱阳湖过冬。故选A。
2．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段It limits building at important national wetlands and it doesn't allow harmful activities, including using them as farmlands, leaving wastewater everywhere, harvesting and fishing too much.它限制了重要国家湿地的建设，不允许有害活动，包括将其用作农田，到处都是废水，过多地收割和捕鱼，可知③⑤当选。故选C。
3．主旨大意题。根据第一段Climate change(气候变化) has brought a serious warning to the living areas of the Siberian crane, increasing the need to better protect the birds and their migratory channels(迁徙路径), an expert said.一位专家表示，气候变化给西伯利亚鹤的生活区带来了严重警告，增加了更好地保护西伯利亚鹤及其迁徙通道的必要性；以及第四段In the recently announced National Action Plan for the Protection of Bird Migration Channels (2021-35), 1, 140 places in China were considered as important breeding grounds, wintering grounds and staying stops, including Poyang and the Yellow River wetland in Ningxia. 在最近公布的《国家鸟类迁徙通道保护行动计划（2021-35年）》中，中国有1140个地方被视为重要的繁殖地、越冬地和停留地，其中包括鄱阳湖和宁夏的黄河湿地，可知文章主要介绍了西伯利亚鹤面临的问题以及人们保护湿地的方式。故选A。
4．推理判断题。根据最后一段Key nature reserve management offices in China have reported more birds wintering in the nation's wetlands, including some new rare kinds. 中国主要自然保护区管理办公室报告称，有更多的鸟类在中国湿地越冬，其中包括一些新的稀有物种，可知接下来应是指出湿地中的鸟类数量有所增加。故选B。
（2023·槐荫模拟）阅读选择
I am Tom. Last week I went to Corsica with my friends on vacation. It was my first visit to the island! We took the ship to the city Ajaccio. It took us eight hours. We chatted and played card games to kill time.
When we got to Ajaccio, I got a surprise because of the weather. It was already October! But it was so hot that we just needed to wear T-shirts and shorts. We went to the beach to enjoy the sunshine and some of my friends even went swimming in the sea. The Corsican scenery(风景) was so beautiful. We had a picnic, went for a long walk along the coast and took lots of pictures.
One day we took the local train to another beautiful city named Corte. We visited the museum where we learned more about Corsican history and enjoyed the beautiful views of the city.
The food in Corsica was fantastic and we often visited the market to taste something delicious. We also went to some local restaurant for dinner and ate fresh seafood. At the end of the trip, we were very sad to leave and I hope to return to Corsica again some day.
5．How did Tom go to Ajaccio
A．By air. B．By ship. C．By train. D．By bus.
6．How was the weather in Ajaccio
A．Hot. B．Dry. C．Cold. D．Rainy.
7．What did NOT Tom do in Corte
A．Learned history. B．Enjoyed the views.
C．Played basketball. D．Visited the museum.
8．Tom had a ____ time in Corsica.
A．hard B．busy C．long D．wonderful
9．The text mainly talks about ____ .
A．a trip to Corsica B．a weekend
C．ways to kill time D．the food in Corsica
【答案】5．B
6．A
7．C
8．D
9．A
【知识点】旅游观光类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文介绍了作者去Corsica的一段旅行。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题，推断题，和主旨题，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息，主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。
5．细节题。根据We took the ship to the city Ajaccio，可知乘船去了阿雅克肖市，故选B。
6．细节题。根据it was so hot，可知天气很热，故选A。
7．推断题。根据We visited the museum where we learned more about Corsican history and enjoyed the beautiful views of the city我们参观了博物馆，在那里我们了解了更多关于科西嘉岛的历史，并欣赏了这座城市的美景，可知在Corte他没有踢足球，故选C。
8．推断题。根据The Corsican scenery(风景) was so beautiful. We had a picnic, went for a long walk along the coast and took lots of pictures科西嘉岛的景色太美了。我们野餐了，沿着海岸走了很长一段路，拍了很多照片，可知在Corsica他度过了一段精彩的时光，故选D。
9．主旨题。通过阅读全文，可知这段短文主要是关于去Corsica的一段旅行，故选A。
（2021·鞍山） 阅读理解
An exhibition（展览）about the Grand Canal（大运河）ended at the National Museum of China in Beijing on March lst.
The Grand Canal is more than 2,500 years old. It is made up of the Beijing—Hangzhou Grand Canal, the Sui and Tang Grand Canal, and the Zhedong Canal. At nearly 3,200 kilometers long, it is the world's longest man-made waterway. It has influenced the development of Chinese economics（经济）and culture for hundreds of years.
Before it was built, people in ancient China used horses and oxen（公牛）, or simply traveled on foot, to trade goods（货物）. It was impossible to transport（运输）large-sized goods. After the Grand Canal connected the north and the south, business and cultural exchanges were able to develop further.
In fact, the Grand Canal played an important role in the building of the Forbidden City（紫禁城）. Materials from different parts of the country were sent to Beijing through the canal, including bricks（砖）fired in Shandong and Jiangsu and wood cut in Hunan. People even owe the beginning of Beijing duck to the canal. White lake ducks in the south were shipped to Beijing. They were then kept to make Beijing duck. People from all walks of life preferred to get together along the canal. They shared their experiences, traditions and culture with others.
10．Paragraph 2 is written to ____.
A．describe the exhibition
B．introduce the Grand Canal to readers
C．describe the Forbidden City
D．describe the position of the Grand Canal
11．Before the Grand Canal was put into use, it was impossible to ____ between the north and the south.
A．trade goods B．travel
C．carry small goods D．ship large-sized goods
12．The underlined word "owe" in Paragraph 4 means ____.
A．归功于 B．运送 C．欠债 D．阻碍
13．From the passage, we can learn that ____.
A．the Grand Canal is nearly 2,300 kilometers long
B．we can watch an exhibition about the Grand Canal on March 2nd
C．the bricks fired in Hunan were sent to Beijing through the canal
D．people from all walks of life preferred to get together along the canal
14．What's the main idea of the passage
A．The Grand Canal helps to create new jobs.
B．The Grand Canal makes western culture develop.
C．The Grand Canal influences China's development.
D．The Grand Canal helps the south of China develop faster.
【答案】10．B
11．D
12．A
13．D
14．C
【知识点】人文地理类；说明文
【解析】【分析】大意：文章主要介绍了大运河对中国的影响。
【点评】考查阅读理解，主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。
10．细节理解题。根据第二段The Grand Canal is more than 2,500 years old. It is made up of the Beijing—Hangzhou Grand Canal, the Sui and Tang Grand Canal, and the Zhedong Canal. 大运河已有2500多年的历史。它由京杭大运河、隋唐大运河和浙东运河组成，可知第二段给读者介绍了大运河。故选B。
11．细节理解题。根据第三段Before it was built, people in ancient China used horses and oxen（公牛）, or simply traveled on foot, to trade goods（货物）. It was impossible to transport（运输）large-sized goods.在它建成之前，中国古代的人们使用马和牛，或者只是步行旅行来进行货物贸易。运输大型货物是不可能的，可知运输大型货物是不可能的。故选D。
12．词义猜测题。根据上文Materials from different parts of the country were sent to Beijing through the canal, including bricks(砖) fired in Shandong and Jiangsu and wood cut in Hunan.来自全国各地的物资通过运河运往北京，包括在山东和江苏烧制的砖块和在湖南切割的木材，可知人们甚至把北京鸭子的起源归功于运河，owe意为"归功于"。故选A。
13．细节理解题。根据最后一段People from all walks of life preferred to get together along the canal. 可知，各行各业的人都喜欢沿着运河聚在一起。故选D。
14．主旨大意题。根据第二段It has influenced the development of Chinese economics(经济) and culture for hundreds of years. 它影响了中国经济和文化数百年的发展，可知文章主要介绍了大运河对中国的影响。故选C。
（2023·呼和浩特） 阅读理解
Recently, China has announced the list of the first five national parks. Each of them is divided into two parts—the core（核心）protection area and the general control area. In the core protection area, only research and surveillance（监视）in science are allowed. And the general control area is open to the public, allowing travel activities such as camping and hiking. In the future, national parks are expected to be natural classrooms. People can learn about different kinds of animals and plants through eco-friendly travel activities.
Three River-Source National Park on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is the largest national park in China. Because it is home to the sources of the Yangtze, Yellow and Lancang rivers, people call it "China's water tower".
Northeast China Tiger and Leopard National Park is in Heilongjiang and Jilin Provinces. It covers an area of 14,100 square kilometres. It is our country's biggest and only place for wild Siberian tigers and Amur leopards to live in.
Wuyi Mountain National Park in Fujian Province is a UNESCO natural and cultural heritage site（遗址）. The forest makes up over 96 percent of the park. The park is the paradise of birds, kingdom of snakes and world of insects. You can also see the Danxia landform（地貌）there.
Giant Panda National Park connects panda habitats（栖息地）in Sichuan, Shaanxi and Gansu Provinces. Inside the park are more than 1,600 wild giant pandas. They make up over 70 percent of the pandas in China.
Hainan Tropical Rain forest National Park is the largest tropical forest in China. There are more than 400 kinds of plants that can only be found in Hainan.
15．What activity can be done in the core protection area
A．Hunting. B．Researching. C．Hiking. D．Camping.
16．Which is called "China's water tower"
A．Three River-Source National Park.
B．Northeast China Tiger and Leopard National Park.
C．Giant Panda National Park.
D．Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park.
17．The underlined word "paradise" means ____.
A．a perfect place B．a happy feeling
C．a good example D．a sweet smile
18．Which of the following is not mentioned
A．Three River-Source National Park is the largest national park in China.
B．Northeast China Tiger and Leopard National Park covers an area of 14,100 square kilometres.
C．There are more than 1,600 wild giant pandas in Giant Panda National Park.
D．More than 400 kinds of plants and animals can only be found in Hainan.
19．What might be the best title for the text
A．The beautiful scenes of nature
B．The home of animals and plants
C．The introduction to the five national parks
D．The relationships among the five national parks
【答案】15．B
16．A
17．A
18．D
19．C
【知识点】旅游观光类；说明文
【解析】【分析】文章大意：本文主要介绍了中国首批五个国家公园的相关信息。
【点评】考查阅读理解。首先理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
15．细节理解题。根据文章第一段Each of them is divided into two parts—the core(核心) protection area and the general control area. In the core protection area, only research and surveillance(监视) in science are allowed.可知，在核心保护区，允许进行科学研究，故选B。
16．细节理解题。根据文章第二段Three River-Source National Park on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is the largest national park in China. Because it is home to the sources of the Yangtze, Yellow and Lancang rivers, people call it "China's water tower".可知，位于青藏高原的三江源国家公园被称之为"中国的水塔"，故选A。
17．词义猜测题。根据上文The forest makes up over 96 percent of the park.（森林占了公园面积的96%以上。）可知，这个公园是鸟类的天堂，蛇的王国，昆虫的世界，由此可推知，paradise意为"一个很好的地方"，故选A。
18．细节理解题。根据文章第二段Three River-Source National Park on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is the largest national park in China.和文章第三段Northeast China Tiger and Leopard National Park is in Heilongjiang and Jilin Provinces. It covers an area of 14,100 square kilometres.和倒数第二段Giant Panda National Park connects panda habitats(栖息地) in Sichuan, Shaanxi and Gansu Provinces. Inside the park are more than 1,600 wild giant pandas.可知，A项：三江源国家公园是中国最大的国家公园。、B项：东北虎豹国家公园占地14100平方公里。、以及C项：大熊猫国家公园里有1600多只野生大熊猫。在文章中都有提及，D项：超过400种动植物只能在海南找到。没有提及，故选D。
19．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段Recently, China has announced the list of the first five national parks. Each of them is divided into two parts—the core(核心) protection area and the general control area.可推知，本文主要介绍了中国的首批五个国家公园的相关信息，本文的标题应为"五个国家公园的介绍"，故选C。
（2021·青岛） 阅读下列短文，做出正误判断或选出最佳选项。
There are three famous towers to the south of the Yangtze River—the Tengwang Pavilion the Yellow Crane Tower and the Yueyang Tower.
The Tengwang Pavilion is in Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province. A Tribute to the Tengwang Pavilion (《滕王阁序》) written by Wang Bo in the early Tang Dynasty made the pavilion well-known at that time. On the fifth floor, you can have an amazing bird view of the city. The best time to visit the pavilion falls in March to May and September to early November.
The Yellow Crane Tower sits in Wuhan City, Hubei Province. You can read some poems written in different dynasties on the third floor, which won fame for the tower. Its cultural importance made it the symbol of Wuhan. On the top of the tower, you will enjoy a beautiful view of the Yangtze River, its bridge and the buildings around the tower in Wuhan.
The Yueyang Tower lies in Yueyang City, Hunan Province. It's a 19-meter-high building which is made of wood. From the top, you will see the white sails of passing boats under the blue sky. The tower was made very famous by the works of Fan Zhongyan who was a great politician and writer during the Northern Song Dynasty.
20．July is the best time to visit the Tengwang Pavilion.
21．You can read poems of different times when you visit the Yellow Crane Tower.
22．You can enjoy beautiful city views from the Tengwang Pavilion and the Yellow Crane Tower.
23．The Yueyang Tower is a wooden building in Hubei Province.
24．All the three buildings were made famous by great ancient works.
【答案】20．错误
21．正确
22．正确
23．错误
24．正确
【知识点】人文地理类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文主要介绍了三座中国古建筑——滕王阁、黄鹤楼和岳阳楼。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本文主要涉及细节理解题，解答此类题目要从原文找答案。
20．细节理解题。根据" The best time to visit the pavilion falls in March to May and September to early November. "可知参观滕王阁最好的时间是三月到五月和九月到十一月上旬，而七月不在这个时间段，故选错误。
21．细节理解题。根据"You can read some poems written in different dynasties on the third floor, which won fame for the tower."可知在黄鹤楼可以读不同时期的诗歌，故选正确。
22．细节理解题。根据"On the fifth floor, you can have an amazing bird view of the city. "及"On the top of the tower, you will enjoy a beautiful view of the Yangtze River"可知在滕王阁和黄鹤楼都能欣赏到美丽的城市风景，故选正确。
23．细节理解题。根据"The Yueyang Tower lies in Yueyang City, Hunan Province. "可知岳阳楼在湖南省岳阳市，故选错误。
24．细节理解题。根据"There are three famous towers to the south of the Yangtze River—the Tengwang Pavilion the Yellow Crane Tower and the Yueyang Tower. "可知三座建筑都是古代杰出的建筑作品，故选正确。
（2023·路桥模拟）阅读选择
Many people enjoy traveling. However, sometimes traveling to another place in person isn't possible. If you're stuck at home, you can enjoy wonderful sights through virtual （虚拟的） travel.
Everest VR：Journey to the Top of the World Climb Mount Everest in Nepal with this VR documentary. Viewer（观众）follow real climbers on their journey to the top of the world. At Mount Everest's top, they can see amazing sights that they might never see in real life.
Lights Over Lapland's virtual trips This virtual trip starts on a regular day in Lapland, Sweden. Viewers then go on a 360﹣degree journey through a national park, a forest, and a lake to the foot of Mount Nuolja . After a long day of exploring （探索）the Arctic wilderness, travelers finish the trip with a beautiful view of the Northern Lights.
Virtual Yosemite Yosemite National Park in California, US, has waterfalls, rivers, forests, lakes, mountains, and many animals. The virtual tours show 360﹣degree views of Yosemite's natural sights. Viewers can even hear the sounds of nature like the sounds of rushing waterfalls singing birds.
25．While watching Everest VR：Journey to the Top of the World, you can ____.
A．go on a journey to a park
B．enjoy sights from the top of the world
C．see some famous art collections at home
D．hear beautiful natural sounds of California
26．What do Lights Over Lapland's virtual trips and Virtual Yosemite have in common？ ____
A．They both show 360﹣degree views.
B．They both pay attention to natural parks.
C．Views can see the beautiful Northern Lights.
D．Viewers can enjoy sights of the same country.
27．The passage is for people who love ____.
A．going traveling B．making friends
C．watching movies D．doing research
【答案】25．B
26．A
27．A
【知识点】旅游观光类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】文章大意：短文主要介绍了通过虚拟旅行可以欣赏到美丽的景色。
【点评】考查阅读理解。通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
25．细节理解题。根据表格一： Viewer (观众) follow real climbers on their journey to the top of the world. At Mount Everest's top，they can see amazing sights that they might never see in real life. （观众跟随真正的登山者攀登世界之巅。在珠穆朗玛峰的顶部，他们可以看到他们在现实生活中可能从未见过的惊人景象。)可知在观看珠穆朗玛峰VR：世界之巅之旅时，你可以欣赏世界之巅的景色。故选B。
26．细节理解题。根据表格二： Viewers then go on a 360-degree journey through a national park, a forest, and a lake to the foot of Mount Nuolja. (然后，观众将进行一次360度的旅行，穿越国家公园、森林和湖泊，到达诺亚山脚下。)以及表格三： The virtual tours show 360-degree views of Yosemite's natural sights. (虚拟之旅展示了约塞米蒂自然景观的360度全景。)可知"拉普兰之光"的虚拟旅行和"虚拟约塞米蒂"的共同之处：都是360度全景。故选A。
27．推理判断题。根据第一段Many people enjoy traveling. However, sometimes traveling to another place in person isn't possible. lf you're stuck at home, you can enjoy wonderful sights through virtual （虚拟的) travel.(许多人喜欢旅行。然而，有时亲自去另一个地方旅行是不可能的。如果你被困在家里，你可以通过虚拟旅行欣赏美景。)可推断出这篇文章是为喜欢旅行的人写的。故选A。
（2023·宁波模拟）阅读理解
Name Introduction
The Tishan Bridge
It was an ancient single arch stone bridge, which got its name because of the famous calligrapher, Wang Xizhi, in the eastern Jin Dynasty. According to the legend, Wang Xizhioffered to write words on the fans for an elder lady, who was trying to sell fans on the bridge, and immediately, all the townspeople queued up to buy one. Once it was for villages to pass across, but later for tourists for recreational purposes.
The Pujin Bridge
It was a pontoon bridge made of bamboo rope and was constantly repaired. As it was built on the Yellow River by the Qin Kingdom, it was once called "River Bridge". It was not until Hundreds of years later, when Emperor Xuanzongof Tang Dynasty gave orders to replace the bamboo ropes with iron chains, that its name was changed into what it is now. Though with strong iron chains, it was still a traditional plank bridges for daily passing.
The Travellers'Bridge
It was built in about 282 by Emperor Wudiof the western Jin Dynasty. As the first stone single-arch bridge in China's history, it was built near the capital city Luoyang, and it was called the "Travellers' Bridge". Unlike traditional rope or plank bridges, the arch was high enough to allow large boats to pass under.
The Guangji Bridge
It was built in 1171 with countless large stones and was located outside the ancient city of Chaozhouin Guangdong province. Its name means "helping the people". The bridge was the gateway from Guangdong to Fujian and Zhejiang in ancient times. It is now regarded by many as the first swing bridge in the world. The swing was for navigation and flood relief.
28．The bridges were made of stones EXCEPT ____.
A．River Bridge B．TishanBridge
C．Travellers' Bridge D．GuangjiBridge
29．The earliest stone single-arch bridge was in great height for ____.
A．recreational purposes B．flood relief
C．daily passing D．water transportation
30．We can read the passage from a(n) ____.
A．history book B．romance novel
C．architecture（建筑）magazine D．news report
【答案】28．A
29．D
30．C
【知识点】人文地理类；说明文
【解析】【分析】本文介绍了天山桥、旅客桥等四座桥。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及推断题，推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息。
28．推断题。根据The Tishan Bridge，was an ancient single arch stone bridge，The Travellers'Bridge，As the first stone single-arch bridge in China's history，The Guangji Bridge，It was built in 1171 with countless large stones天山大桥，是一座古老的单拱石桥，旅行者桥，作为中国历史上第一座石质单拱桥，广济桥，它建于1171年，用无数的大石头砌成的，可知除了河桥以外，其余的桥都是用石头砌成的，故选A。
29．推断题。根据As the first stone single-arch bridge in China's history, it was built near the capital city Luoyang, and it was called the "Travellers' Bridge". Unlike traditional rope or plank bridges, the arch was high enough to allow large boats to pass under作为中国历史上第一座石质单拱桥，它建在首都洛阳附近，被称为"旅行者桥"。与传统的绳索桥或木板桥不同，这座桥的拱高足以让大船从下面通过，可知最早的石质单拱桥高度很高，便于水上运输，故选D。
30．推断题。本文介绍了天山桥、旅客桥等四座桥，可知这篇文章摘自建筑杂志，故选C。
（2023·长春） 根据短文内容, 判断句子正误。
It was a school trip. All of us were hungry for it for long. I went to Changbai Mountain with my classmates at the beginning of 2023. The trip was really wonderful.
Jilin Province, in the northeast of China, is famous for Changbai Mountain. It is one of the "Top 10 Mountains in China". The name of it means "a mountain which remains white all year round" in Chinese. The name Changbai Mountain was first used in the Liao Dynasty. The mountain was recorded in the Classic of Mountains and Seas under the name Buxian Mountain. It was called Taibai Mountain in the Tang Dynasty.
In the early morning, we climbed the mountain from the western side. Along the way, we saw several wild animals and we were totally shocked at the beauty of the mountain. The whole mountain area is under thick snow cover for two months every year. The higher points from 1,500 meters to 2,400 meters above the sea level are covered with snow for more than six months. Changbai Mountain is one of the most popular places for winter sports and amusements. We even tried many thrilling rides on the snow. It was so much fun. Besides, wed enjoyed different kinds of foods.
What excited us most is undoubtedly the Tianchi Lake. It is the deepest alpine (高山的) lake in China. The Tianchi Lake is the place where the Songhua, Tumen and Yalu rivers begin and it has been regarded as a mysterious lake. Not all visitors are lucky enough to see the Tianchi Lake clearly the first time they go there, but we were.
One more thing we remembered was taking baths in the hot springs. All our tiredness and pressure were gone there. As visitors, we can't stop being in love with everything we experienced in Changbai Mountain.
31．Changbai means "remaining white all year round" in Chinese.
32．The name Changbai Mountain was used in the Tang Dynasty.
33．Along the way, the students were totally shocked at the wild animals.
34．Some visitors can't see the Tianchi Lake clearly the first time they go there.
35．The students' tiredness and pressure were taken away by different kinds of foods.
【答案】31．正确
32．错误
33．错误
34．正确
35．错误
【知识点】旅游观光类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】短文主要写了作者和同学们期待已久的一次学校旅行，他们去了中国东北的吉林省长白山。
【点评】主要是根据原文与问题进行推理判断，从原文找到对应问题，逐一检查，进行判断。
31．根据第二段The name of it means"a mountain which remains white all year round" in Chinese.（它的名字在中文里的意思是"终年洁白的山"。）可知，长白山在中文里的意思是"终年洁白的山"。故选正确。
32．根据第二段The name Changbai Mountain was first used in the Liao Dynasty.（长白山这个名字最早是在辽朝使用的。）可知，长白山一名最早是在辽朝使用，而不是唐朝。故选错误。
33．根据第三段Along the way，we saw several wild animals and we were totally shocked at the beauty of the mountain. （一路上，我们看到了几只野生动物，我们完全被这座山的美丽所震撼。）可知，学生们被长白山的美丽所震撼，而非野生动物。故选错误。
34．根据倒数第二段Not all visitors are lucky enough to see the Tianchi Lake clearly the first time they go there，but we were.（并不是所有的游客都有幸第一次去就能清楚地看到天池，但我们做到了。）可知，一些游客第一次去天池看不清楚它。故选正确。
35．根据最后一段One more thing we remembered was taking baths in the hot springs.All our tiredness and pressure were gone there.（我们记得的另一件事是在温泉里洗澡。我们所有的疲劳和压力都消失了。）可知，洗澡让我们的疲劳和压力都消失了，而不是各种食物。故选错误。
（2023·日照中考）阅读理解
When you are tired of buildings, you can visit one of London's many beautiful parks, Hyde Park first opened to the people of London in the seventeenth century. It is not far from the shops of busy Oxford Street, but it is nice and quiet. In the center is the lake called the Serpentine, and you can take a boat out on the water.
There are usually a lot of people at Speakers' Corner. Some people come here because they want to tell the world important or interesting things - about the government, or science, or the church, or 'the end of the world'. They stand at the Corner, and call out to all the people around them. Other people stand and listen, and sometimes laugh too.
Kensington Gardens is next to Hyde Park. Here you can see a statue （雕像） of Peter Pan, the famous boy in the book Peter Pan by J. M. Baie There is also a playground here, called the Diana, Princess of Wales Memorial Playground. And the playground has lots of exciting things for children.
Regent's Park is the home of London zoo. The zoo opened in 1828, and it has animals and birds from all over the world. There is also a theatre in the park. On a summer's evening, you can sit out and watch a play by Shakespeare. Or you can see the park from the water - take a boat along the canal（运河） from Camden Lock to Little Venice. In the summer, you can listen to music in the park.
St James's Park is next to the Mall. It is a small park, but very beautiful, and it is the oldest of the royal （皇家） parks. Lots of birds live on and around the lake in the centre of the park.
36．Where can you listen to an interesting speech？
A．In Hyde Park. B．In Regent's Park.
C．In St James's Park. D．In Kensington Gardens.
37．What can you do in Regent's Park？
A．See a statue of Peter Pan.
B．Enjoy plays or music.
C．Go boating on the lake.
D．Watch birds on the playground.
38．What do we know about St James's Park？
A．It's a very old royal park.
B．It's far away from the Mall.
C．It was built in the 17th century.
D．It has a lake called the Serpentine.
【答案】36．A
37．B
38．A
【知识点】人文地理类；说明文
【解析】【分析】文章大意：本文主要介绍伦敦几个有名的公园。
【点评】考查阅读理解。主要涉及细节理解题，解题时首先要通读全文，了解文中所叙述的重要事实或细节，就可以解答出来，有的甚至可以从文章的原句中直接找到答案。此类考查事实和细节的题目大多数是针对文章的细节设计的。
36．细节理解题。根据文章第一段句子"Hyde Park first opened to the people of London in the seventeenth century"和第二段句子"The are usually a lot of people at Speakers' Corner.Some people come here because they want to tell the world important or interesting things - about the government, or science, or the church, or 'the end of the world'."可知在海德公园可以听有趣的演说，故选A。
37．细节理解题。根据文章第三段句子"Regent's Park is the home of London zoo...There is also a theatre in the park. On a summer 's evening, you can sit out and watch a play by Shakespeare.ln the summer, you can listen to music in the park."可知在摄政公园可以欣赏戏剧或音乐。故选B。
38．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段句子"St James's Park is next to the Mall. It is a small park, but very beautiful, and it is the oldest of the royal （皇家） parks."可知圣詹姆斯公园是一个非常古老的皇家公园。故选A。
（2023·张家界）阅读理解
Going green makes a big difference in our life. I'm Jessica Wong. Today I'll tell you what my family does every day to save the earth. It's reported that a common family produces more than one ton of rubbish a year. Some of this waste takes hundreds of years to decay. Also, it costs much money to buy new things to take the place of the things we throw away.
In order to protect the environment and save money, my family has recycled everything. On the one hand, we collect used things every day, such as paper, bottles and boxes, and put them into different bins. Then they are sent to a recycling center. Finally, they are treated and can be used again. Recycling will help reduce a lot of waste. On the other hand, we use old clothes to make different kinds of bags. I especially like to use old jeans to make bags. These cute and useful bags are popular with young people. As a result, I open a small shop and set up a website to sell them online.
What's more, my parents and my brother often go to work by bike. If it rains, they'll take the bus. We're also going to grow our own vegetables, raise cows, keep hens and ducks. Soon, we'll be able to have eggs and milk for meals.
What a difference we make for our earth.
39．How much rubbish does a common family produce
A．Two hundred kilos. B．One ton. C．Over one ton.
40．The underlined word "decay " in the passage means ____ in Chinese.
A．腐烂 B．浪费 C．运送
41．What are the bags made of in Jessica's shops
A．Paper. B．Old clothes. C．Boxes.
42．How does Jessica's brother often go to work
A．By bike. B．By car. C．By bus.
43．According to this passage, what do we know
A．Going green makes little difference in our life.
B．Jessica's bags are popular with all people.
C．We can do small things to help save our earth.
【答案】39．C
40．A
41．B
42．A
43．C
【知识点】环保类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】文章大意：本文主要介绍Jessica Wong一家为了环保所做的事。
【点评】考查阅读理解，包含细节理解题、推理判断题和词义猜测题，注意先读懂文章大意，再分析问题和选项，到文章找到关键词进行理解和判断。
39．细节理解题。根据"It's reported that a common family produces more than one ton of rubbish a year."可知，据报道，一个普通家庭每年产生一吨多的垃圾。故选C。
40．词句猜测题。分析划线部分的上文It's reported that a common family produces more than one ton of rubbish a year. 据报道，一个普通家庭每年产生一吨多的垃圾。Some of this waste takes hundreds of years to decay."可知，其中一些废物需要数百年时间，由此推知，应该是需要数百年时间腐烂。故选A。
41．细节理解题。根据"On the other hand, we use old clothes to make different kinds of bags."可知，用旧衣服做不同种类的包。故选B。
42．细节理解题。根据"What's more, my parents and my brother often go to work by bike."可知，父母和哥哥弟经常骑自行车去上班。故选A。
43．推理判断题。根据文章内容可知，Jessica Wong一家做的都是保护环境的小事，但却对地球产生很大的影响。故选C。
1 / 1备战2024年中考英语阅读话题训练三 人与自然 主题15人与自然和谐共生
一、阅读理解
（2023·南通） 阅读理解
Climate change(气候变化)has brought a serious warning to the living areas of the Siberian crane, increasing the need to better protect the birds and their migratory channels (迁徙路径), an expert said.
The Siberian crane breeds (繁殖) in northeast Siberia in Russia and flies to Poyang Lake for the winter in East China's Jiangxi Province. About 95 percent of the birds spend the season in Poyang.
Qian Fawen, a research professor from the National Bird Banding Center of China, said that Poyang's water levels decide whether it is suitable for the birds to live there. However, climate change has made the levels change often. "In some years, the lake experiences floods; in others, it experiences droughts. Both of these situations create food shortages in the cranes' living area," he said.
The Siberian crane is listed as seriously endangered on the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List. "We need to protect their living area, which is mainly wetland, so that we can protect them," Qian said.
In the recently announced National Action Plan for the Protection of Bird Migration Channels (2021-35), 1, 140 places in China were considered as important breeding grounds, wintering grounds and staying stops, including Poyang and the Yellow River wetland in Ningxia. The plan said that the government should watch and count the number of migratory birds and pay farmers for losses caused by the birds.
Since China joined the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands in 1992, it has designated (指定) 202,600 hectares of wetland as Wetlands of International Importance. They store and clean water, keep all kinds of living things, help store floods and prevent droughts. According to a plan announced by the central government in October, by 2025, China will have protected 55 percent of its wetlands.
After the Wetlands Protection Law, the nation's first law to protect wetlands, was introduced on June 1, 2022, complete protection was strengthened. The law clearly explained what the government should do and introduced strict punishment for people who destroy wetland areas. It limits building at important national wetlands and it doesn't allow harmful activities, including using them as farmlands, leaving wastewater everywhere, harvesting and fishing too much.
Key nature reserve management offices in China have reported more birds wintering in the nation's wetlands, including some new rare kinds. ▲
1．What can we learn from Paragraph 2 to Paragraph 4
A．About 95 percent of the Siberian cranes spend their winter in Poyang Lake.
B．Climate change has little influence on the Siberian cranes' living area in Poyang.
C．The Siberian cranes will live in Poyang all year round if the wetland is protected.
D．Water levels decide that Poyang Lake isn't suitable for the Siberian cranes to live.
2．Which of the following behaviors is right at important wetlands
①building houses②making farmlands③limiting fishing
④leaving wastewater⑤watching birds
A．①③ B．②④ C．③⑤ D．②⑤
3．What does this passage mainly tell us
A．The problem the Siberian cranes face and the ways people protect wetlands.
B．The reason why the Siberian cranes migrate and the place they usually stay in.
C．The importance of protecting the Siberian cranes and the result it will lead to.
D．The loss of wetlands and the actions that have already been taken to help them.
4．What will the writer probably continue to write in " ▲ " in Paragraph 8
A．People have done something to protect wetlands.
B．The number of the birds has increased in wetlands.
C．Experts will go on to do other research on wetlands.
D．The government will make more laws to protect wetlands.
（2023·槐荫模拟）阅读选择
I am Tom. Last week I went to Corsica with my friends on vacation. It was my first visit to the island! We took the ship to the city Ajaccio. It took us eight hours. We chatted and played card games to kill time.
When we got to Ajaccio, I got a surprise because of the weather. It was already October! But it was so hot that we just needed to wear T-shirts and shorts. We went to the beach to enjoy the sunshine and some of my friends even went swimming in the sea. The Corsican scenery(风景) was so beautiful. We had a picnic, went for a long walk along the coast and took lots of pictures.
One day we took the local train to another beautiful city named Corte. We visited the museum where we learned more about Corsican history and enjoyed the beautiful views of the city.
The food in Corsica was fantastic and we often visited the market to taste something delicious. We also went to some local restaurant for dinner and ate fresh seafood. At the end of the trip, we were very sad to leave and I hope to return to Corsica again some day.
5．How did Tom go to Ajaccio
A．By air. B．By ship. C．By train. D．By bus.
6．How was the weather in Ajaccio
A．Hot. B．Dry. C．Cold. D．Rainy.
7．What did NOT Tom do in Corte
A．Learned history. B．Enjoyed the views.
C．Played basketball. D．Visited the museum.
8．Tom had a ____ time in Corsica.
A．hard B．busy C．long D．wonderful
9．The text mainly talks about ____ .
A．a trip to Corsica B．a weekend
C．ways to kill time D．the food in Corsica
（2021·鞍山） 阅读理解
An exhibition（展览）about the Grand Canal（大运河）ended at the National Museum of China in Beijing on March lst.
The Grand Canal is more than 2,500 years old. It is made up of the Beijing—Hangzhou Grand Canal, the Sui and Tang Grand Canal, and the Zhedong Canal. At nearly 3,200 kilometers long, it is the world's longest man-made waterway. It has influenced the development of Chinese economics（经济）and culture for hundreds of years.
Before it was built, people in ancient China used horses and oxen（公牛）, or simply traveled on foot, to trade goods（货物）. It was impossible to transport（运输）large-sized goods. After the Grand Canal connected the north and the south, business and cultural exchanges were able to develop further.
In fact, the Grand Canal played an important role in the building of the Forbidden City（紫禁城）. Materials from different parts of the country were sent to Beijing through the canal, including bricks（砖）fired in Shandong and Jiangsu and wood cut in Hunan. People even owe the beginning of Beijing duck to the canal. White lake ducks in the south were shipped to Beijing. They were then kept to make Beijing duck. People from all walks of life preferred to get together along the canal. They shared their experiences, traditions and culture with others.
10．Paragraph 2 is written to ____.
A．describe the exhibition
B．introduce the Grand Canal to readers
C．describe the Forbidden City
D．describe the position of the Grand Canal
11．Before the Grand Canal was put into use, it was impossible to ____ between the north and the south.
A．trade goods B．travel
C．carry small goods D．ship large-sized goods
12．The underlined word "owe" in Paragraph 4 means ____.
A．归功于 B．运送 C．欠债 D．阻碍
13．From the passage, we can learn that ____.
A．the Grand Canal is nearly 2,300 kilometers long
B．we can watch an exhibition about the Grand Canal on March 2nd
C．the bricks fired in Hunan were sent to Beijing through the canal
D．people from all walks of life preferred to get together along the canal
14．What's the main idea of the passage
A．The Grand Canal helps to create new jobs.
B．The Grand Canal makes western culture develop.
C．The Grand Canal influences China's development.
D．The Grand Canal helps the south of China develop faster.
（2023·呼和浩特） 阅读理解
Recently, China has announced the list of the first five national parks. Each of them is divided into two parts—the core（核心）protection area and the general control area. In the core protection area, only research and surveillance（监视）in science are allowed. And the general control area is open to the public, allowing travel activities such as camping and hiking. In the future, national parks are expected to be natural classrooms. People can learn about different kinds of animals and plants through eco-friendly travel activities.
Three River-Source National Park on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is the largest national park in China. Because it is home to the sources of the Yangtze, Yellow and Lancang rivers, people call it "China's water tower".
Northeast China Tiger and Leopard National Park is in Heilongjiang and Jilin Provinces. It covers an area of 14,100 square kilometres. It is our country's biggest and only place for wild Siberian tigers and Amur leopards to live in.
Wuyi Mountain National Park in Fujian Province is a UNESCO natural and cultural heritage site（遗址）. The forest makes up over 96 percent of the park. The park is the paradise of birds, kingdom of snakes and world of insects. You can also see the Danxia landform（地貌）there.
Giant Panda National Park connects panda habitats（栖息地）in Sichuan, Shaanxi and Gansu Provinces. Inside the park are more than 1,600 wild giant pandas. They make up over 70 percent of the pandas in China.
Hainan Tropical Rain forest National Park is the largest tropical forest in China. There are more than 400 kinds of plants that can only be found in Hainan.
15．What activity can be done in the core protection area
A．Hunting. B．Researching. C．Hiking. D．Camping.
16．Which is called "China's water tower"
A．Three River-Source National Park.
B．Northeast China Tiger and Leopard National Park.
C．Giant Panda National Park.
D．Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park.
17．The underlined word "paradise" means ____.
A．a perfect place B．a happy feeling
C．a good example D．a sweet smile
18．Which of the following is not mentioned
A．Three River-Source National Park is the largest national park in China.
B．Northeast China Tiger and Leopard National Park covers an area of 14,100 square kilometres.
C．There are more than 1,600 wild giant pandas in Giant Panda National Park.
D．More than 400 kinds of plants and animals can only be found in Hainan.
19．What might be the best title for the text
A．The beautiful scenes of nature
B．The home of animals and plants
C．The introduction to the five national parks
D．The relationships among the five national parks
（2021·青岛） 阅读下列短文，做出正误判断或选出最佳选项。
There are three famous towers to the south of the Yangtze River—the Tengwang Pavilion the Yellow Crane Tower and the Yueyang Tower.
The Tengwang Pavilion is in Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province. A Tribute to the Tengwang Pavilion (《滕王阁序》) written by Wang Bo in the early Tang Dynasty made the pavilion well-known at that time. On the fifth floor, you can have an amazing bird view of the city. The best time to visit the pavilion falls in March to May and September to early November.
The Yellow Crane Tower sits in Wuhan City, Hubei Province. You can read some poems written in different dynasties on the third floor, which won fame for the tower. Its cultural importance made it the symbol of Wuhan. On the top of the tower, you will enjoy a beautiful view of the Yangtze River, its bridge and the buildings around the tower in Wuhan.
The Yueyang Tower lies in Yueyang City, Hunan Province. It's a 19-meter-high building which is made of wood. From the top, you will see the white sails of passing boats under the blue sky. The tower was made very famous by the works of Fan Zhongyan who was a great politician and writer during the Northern Song Dynasty.
20．July is the best time to visit the Tengwang Pavilion.
21．You can read poems of different times when you visit the Yellow Crane Tower.
22．You can enjoy beautiful city views from the Tengwang Pavilion and the Yellow Crane Tower.
23．The Yueyang Tower is a wooden building in Hubei Province.
24．All the three buildings were made famous by great ancient works.
（2023·路桥模拟）阅读选择
Many people enjoy traveling. However, sometimes traveling to another place in person isn't possible. If you're stuck at home, you can enjoy wonderful sights through virtual （虚拟的） travel.
Everest VR：Journey to the Top of the World Climb Mount Everest in Nepal with this VR documentary. Viewer（观众）follow real climbers on their journey to the top of the world. At Mount Everest's top, they can see amazing sights that they might never see in real life.
Lights Over Lapland's virtual trips This virtual trip starts on a regular day in Lapland, Sweden. Viewers then go on a 360﹣degree journey through a national park, a forest, and a lake to the foot of Mount Nuolja . After a long day of exploring （探索）the Arctic wilderness, travelers finish the trip with a beautiful view of the Northern Lights.
Virtual Yosemite Yosemite National Park in California, US, has waterfalls, rivers, forests, lakes, mountains, and many animals. The virtual tours show 360﹣degree views of Yosemite's natural sights. Viewers can even hear the sounds of nature like the sounds of rushing waterfalls singing birds.
25．While watching Everest VR：Journey to the Top of the World, you can ____.
A．go on a journey to a park
B．enjoy sights from the top of the world
C．see some famous art collections at home
D．hear beautiful natural sounds of California
26．What do Lights Over Lapland's virtual trips and Virtual Yosemite have in common？ ____
A．They both show 360﹣degree views.
B．They both pay attention to natural parks.
C．Views can see the beautiful Northern Lights.
D．Viewers can enjoy sights of the same country.
27．The passage is for people who love ____.
A．going traveling B．making friends
C．watching movies D．doing research
（2023·宁波模拟）阅读理解
Name Introduction
The Tishan Bridge
It was an ancient single arch stone bridge, which got its name because of the famous calligrapher, Wang Xizhi, in the eastern Jin Dynasty. According to the legend, Wang Xizhioffered to write words on the fans for an elder lady, who was trying to sell fans on the bridge, and immediately, all the townspeople queued up to buy one. Once it was for villages to pass across, but later for tourists for recreational purposes.
The Pujin Bridge
It was a pontoon bridge made of bamboo rope and was constantly repaired. As it was built on the Yellow River by the Qin Kingdom, it was once called "River Bridge". It was not until Hundreds of years later, when Emperor Xuanzongof Tang Dynasty gave orders to replace the bamboo ropes with iron chains, that its name was changed into what it is now. Though with strong iron chains, it was still a traditional plank bridges for daily passing.
The Travellers'Bridge
It was built in about 282 by Emperor Wudiof the western Jin Dynasty. As the first stone single-arch bridge in China's history, it was built near the capital city Luoyang, and it was called the "Travellers' Bridge". Unlike traditional rope or plank bridges, the arch was high enough to allow large boats to pass under.
The Guangji Bridge
It was built in 1171 with countless large stones and was located outside the ancient city of Chaozhouin Guangdong province. Its name means "helping the people". The bridge was the gateway from Guangdong to Fujian and Zhejiang in ancient times. It is now regarded by many as the first swing bridge in the world. The swing was for navigation and flood relief.
28．The bridges were made of stones EXCEPT ____.
A．River Bridge B．TishanBridge
C．Travellers' Bridge D．GuangjiBridge
29．The earliest stone single-arch bridge was in great height for ____.
A．recreational purposes B．flood relief
C．daily passing D．water transportation
30．We can read the passage from a(n) ____.
A．history book B．romance novel
C．architecture（建筑）magazine D．news report
（2023·长春） 根据短文内容, 判断句子正误。
It was a school trip. All of us were hungry for it for long. I went to Changbai Mountain with my classmates at the beginning of 2023. The trip was really wonderful.
Jilin Province, in the northeast of China, is famous for Changbai Mountain. It is one of the "Top 10 Mountains in China". The name of it means "a mountain which remains white all year round" in Chinese. The name Changbai Mountain was first used in the Liao Dynasty. The mountain was recorded in the Classic of Mountains and Seas under the name Buxian Mountain. It was called Taibai Mountain in the Tang Dynasty.
In the early morning, we climbed the mountain from the western side. Along the way, we saw several wild animals and we were totally shocked at the beauty of the mountain. The whole mountain area is under thick snow cover for two months every year. The higher points from 1,500 meters to 2,400 meters above the sea level are covered with snow for more than six months. Changbai Mountain is one of the most popular places for winter sports and amusements. We even tried many thrilling rides on the snow. It was so much fun. Besides, wed enjoyed different kinds of foods.
What excited us most is undoubtedly the Tianchi Lake. It is the deepest alpine (高山的) lake in China. The Tianchi Lake is the place where the Songhua, Tumen and Yalu rivers begin and it has been regarded as a mysterious lake. Not all visitors are lucky enough to see the Tianchi Lake clearly the first time they go there, but we were.
One more thing we remembered was taking baths in the hot springs. All our tiredness and pressure were gone there. As visitors, we can't stop being in love with everything we experienced in Changbai Mountain.
31．Changbai means "remaining white all year round" in Chinese.
32．The name Changbai Mountain was used in the Tang Dynasty.
33．Along the way, the students were totally shocked at the wild animals.
34．Some visitors can't see the Tianchi Lake clearly the first time they go there.
35．The students' tiredness and pressure were taken away by different kinds of foods.
（2023·日照中考）阅读理解
When you are tired of buildings, you can visit one of London's many beautiful parks, Hyde Park first opened to the people of London in the seventeenth century. It is not far from the shops of busy Oxford Street, but it is nice and quiet. In the center is the lake called the Serpentine, and you can take a boat out on the water.
There are usually a lot of people at Speakers' Corner. Some people come here because they want to tell the world important or interesting things - about the government, or science, or the church, or 'the end of the world'. They stand at the Corner, and call out to all the people around them. Other people stand and listen, and sometimes laugh too.
Kensington Gardens is next to Hyde Park. Here you can see a statue （雕像） of Peter Pan, the famous boy in the book Peter Pan by J. M. Baie There is also a playground here, called the Diana, Princess of Wales Memorial Playground. And the playground has lots of exciting things for children.
Regent's Park is the home of London zoo. The zoo opened in 1828, and it has animals and birds from all over the world. There is also a theatre in the park. On a summer's evening, you can sit out and watch a play by Shakespeare. Or you can see the park from the water - take a boat along the canal（运河） from Camden Lock to Little Venice. In the summer, you can listen to music in the park.
St James's Park is next to the Mall. It is a small park, but very beautiful, and it is the oldest of the royal （皇家） parks. Lots of birds live on and around the lake in the centre of the park.
36．Where can you listen to an interesting speech？
A．In Hyde Park. B．In Regent's Park.
C．In St James's Park. D．In Kensington Gardens.
37．What can you do in Regent's Park？
A．See a statue of Peter Pan.
B．Enjoy plays or music.
C．Go boating on the lake.
D．Watch birds on the playground.
38．What do we know about St James's Park？
A．It's a very old royal park.
B．It's far away from the Mall.
C．It was built in the 17th century.
D．It has a lake called the Serpentine.
（2023·张家界）阅读理解
Going green makes a big difference in our life. I'm Jessica Wong. Today I'll tell you what my family does every day to save the earth. It's reported that a common family produces more than one ton of rubbish a year. Some of this waste takes hundreds of years to decay. Also, it costs much money to buy new things to take the place of the things we throw away.
In order to protect the environment and save money, my family has recycled everything. On the one hand, we collect used things every day, such as paper, bottles and boxes, and put them into different bins. Then they are sent to a recycling center. Finally, they are treated and can be used again. Recycling will help reduce a lot of waste. On the other hand, we use old clothes to make different kinds of bags. I especially like to use old jeans to make bags. These cute and useful bags are popular with young people. As a result, I open a small shop and set up a website to sell them online.
What's more, my parents and my brother often go to work by bike. If it rains, they'll take the bus. We're also going to grow our own vegetables, raise cows, keep hens and ducks. Soon, we'll be able to have eggs and milk for meals.
What a difference we make for our earth.
39．How much rubbish does a common family produce
A．Two hundred kilos. B．One ton. C．Over one ton.
40．The underlined word "decay " in the passage means ____ in Chinese.
A．腐烂 B．浪费 C．运送
41．What are the bags made of in Jessica's shops
A．Paper. B．Old clothes. C．Boxes.
42．How does Jessica's brother often go to work
A．By bike. B．By car. C．By bus.
43．According to this passage, what do we know
A．Going green makes little difference in our life.
B．Jessica's bags are popular with all people.
C．We can do small things to help save our earth.
答案解析部分
【答案】1．A
2．C
3．A
4．B
【知识点】环保类；说明文
【解析】【分析】大意：文章主要介绍了西伯利亚鹤面临的问题以及人们保护湿地的方式。
【点评】考查阅读理解。注意多做练习：提高英语阅读理解能力需要大量的练习，可以通过做阅读理解练习题来提高自己的阅读理解水平。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段The Siberian crane breeds(繁殖) in northeast Siberia in Russia and flies to Poyang Lake for the winter in East China's Jiangxi Province. About 95 percent of the birds spend the season in Poyang. 西伯利亚鹤在俄罗斯西伯利亚东北部繁殖，飞往中国东部江西省的鄱阳湖过冬。大约95%的鸟类在鄱阳湖度过这个季节，可知大约95%的西伯利亚鹤在鄱阳湖过冬。故选A。
2．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段It limits building at important national wetlands and it doesn't allow harmful activities, including using them as farmlands, leaving wastewater everywhere, harvesting and fishing too much.它限制了重要国家湿地的建设，不允许有害活动，包括将其用作农田，到处都是废水，过多地收割和捕鱼，可知③⑤当选。故选C。
3．主旨大意题。根据第一段Climate change(气候变化) has brought a serious warning to the living areas of the Siberian crane, increasing the need to better protect the birds and their migratory channels(迁徙路径), an expert said.一位专家表示，气候变化给西伯利亚鹤的生活区带来了严重警告，增加了更好地保护西伯利亚鹤及其迁徙通道的必要性；以及第四段In the recently announced National Action Plan for the Protection of Bird Migration Channels (2021-35), 1, 140 places in China were considered as important breeding grounds, wintering grounds and staying stops, including Poyang and the Yellow River wetland in Ningxia. 在最近公布的《国家鸟类迁徙通道保护行动计划（2021-35年）》中，中国有1140个地方被视为重要的繁殖地、越冬地和停留地，其中包括鄱阳湖和宁夏的黄河湿地，可知文章主要介绍了西伯利亚鹤面临的问题以及人们保护湿地的方式。故选A。
4．推理判断题。根据最后一段Key nature reserve management offices in China have reported more birds wintering in the nation's wetlands, including some new rare kinds. 中国主要自然保护区管理办公室报告称，有更多的鸟类在中国湿地越冬，其中包括一些新的稀有物种，可知接下来应是指出湿地中的鸟类数量有所增加。故选B。
【答案】5．B
6．A
7．C
8．D
9．A
【知识点】旅游观光类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文介绍了作者去Corsica的一段旅行。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题，推断题，和主旨题，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息，主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。
5．细节题。根据We took the ship to the city Ajaccio，可知乘船去了阿雅克肖市，故选B。
6．细节题。根据it was so hot，可知天气很热，故选A。
7．推断题。根据We visited the museum where we learned more about Corsican history and enjoyed the beautiful views of the city我们参观了博物馆，在那里我们了解了更多关于科西嘉岛的历史，并欣赏了这座城市的美景，可知在Corte他没有踢足球，故选C。
8．推断题。根据The Corsican scenery(风景) was so beautiful. We had a picnic, went for a long walk along the coast and took lots of pictures科西嘉岛的景色太美了。我们野餐了，沿着海岸走了很长一段路，拍了很多照片，可知在Corsica他度过了一段精彩的时光，故选D。
9．主旨题。通过阅读全文，可知这段短文主要是关于去Corsica的一段旅行，故选A。
【答案】10．B
11．D
12．A
13．D
14．C
【知识点】人文地理类；说明文
【解析】【分析】大意：文章主要介绍了大运河对中国的影响。
【点评】考查阅读理解，主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。
10．细节理解题。根据第二段The Grand Canal is more than 2,500 years old. It is made up of the Beijing—Hangzhou Grand Canal, the Sui and Tang Grand Canal, and the Zhedong Canal. 大运河已有2500多年的历史。它由京杭大运河、隋唐大运河和浙东运河组成，可知第二段给读者介绍了大运河。故选B。
11．细节理解题。根据第三段Before it was built, people in ancient China used horses and oxen（公牛）, or simply traveled on foot, to trade goods（货物）. It was impossible to transport（运输）large-sized goods.在它建成之前，中国古代的人们使用马和牛，或者只是步行旅行来进行货物贸易。运输大型货物是不可能的，可知运输大型货物是不可能的。故选D。
12．词义猜测题。根据上文Materials from different parts of the country were sent to Beijing through the canal, including bricks(砖) fired in Shandong and Jiangsu and wood cut in Hunan.来自全国各地的物资通过运河运往北京，包括在山东和江苏烧制的砖块和在湖南切割的木材，可知人们甚至把北京鸭子的起源归功于运河，owe意为"归功于"。故选A。
13．细节理解题。根据最后一段People from all walks of life preferred to get together along the canal. 可知，各行各业的人都喜欢沿着运河聚在一起。故选D。
14．主旨大意题。根据第二段It has influenced the development of Chinese economics(经济) and culture for hundreds of years. 它影响了中国经济和文化数百年的发展，可知文章主要介绍了大运河对中国的影响。故选C。
【答案】15．B
16．A
17．A
18．D
19．C
【知识点】旅游观光类；说明文
【解析】【分析】文章大意：本文主要介绍了中国首批五个国家公园的相关信息。
【点评】考查阅读理解。首先理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
15．细节理解题。根据文章第一段Each of them is divided into two parts—the core(核心) protection area and the general control area. In the core protection area, only research and surveillance(监视) in science are allowed.可知，在核心保护区，允许进行科学研究，故选B。
16．细节理解题。根据文章第二段Three River-Source National Park on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is the largest national park in China. Because it is home to the sources of the Yangtze, Yellow and Lancang rivers, people call it "China's water tower".可知，位于青藏高原的三江源国家公园被称之为"中国的水塔"，故选A。
17．词义猜测题。根据上文The forest makes up over 96 percent of the park.（森林占了公园面积的96%以上。）可知，这个公园是鸟类的天堂，蛇的王国，昆虫的世界，由此可推知，paradise意为"一个很好的地方"，故选A。
18．细节理解题。根据文章第二段Three River-Source National Park on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is the largest national park in China.和文章第三段Northeast China Tiger and Leopard National Park is in Heilongjiang and Jilin Provinces. It covers an area of 14,100 square kilometres.和倒数第二段Giant Panda National Park connects panda habitats(栖息地) in Sichuan, Shaanxi and Gansu Provinces. Inside the park are more than 1,600 wild giant pandas.可知，A项：三江源国家公园是中国最大的国家公园。、B项：东北虎豹国家公园占地14100平方公里。、以及C项：大熊猫国家公园里有1600多只野生大熊猫。在文章中都有提及，D项：超过400种动植物只能在海南找到。没有提及，故选D。
19．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段Recently, China has announced the list of the first five national parks. Each of them is divided into two parts—the core(核心) protection area and the general control area.可推知，本文主要介绍了中国的首批五个国家公园的相关信息，本文的标题应为"五个国家公园的介绍"，故选C。
【答案】20．错误
21．正确
22．正确
23．错误
24．正确
【知识点】人文地理类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文主要介绍了三座中国古建筑——滕王阁、黄鹤楼和岳阳楼。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本文主要涉及细节理解题，解答此类题目要从原文找答案。
20．细节理解题。根据" The best time to visit the pavilion falls in March to May and September to early November. "可知参观滕王阁最好的时间是三月到五月和九月到十一月上旬，而七月不在这个时间段，故选错误。
21．细节理解题。根据"You can read some poems written in different dynasties on the third floor, which won fame for the tower."可知在黄鹤楼可以读不同时期的诗歌，故选正确。
22．细节理解题。根据"On the fifth floor, you can have an amazing bird view of the city. "及"On the top of the tower, you will enjoy a beautiful view of the Yangtze River"可知在滕王阁和黄鹤楼都能欣赏到美丽的城市风景，故选正确。
23．细节理解题。根据"The Yueyang Tower lies in Yueyang City, Hunan Province. "可知岳阳楼在湖南省岳阳市，故选错误。
24．细节理解题。根据"There are three famous towers to the south of the Yangtze River—the Tengwang Pavilion the Yellow Crane Tower and the Yueyang Tower. "可知三座建筑都是古代杰出的建筑作品，故选正确。
【答案】25．B
26．A
27．A
【知识点】旅游观光类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】文章大意：短文主要介绍了通过虚拟旅行可以欣赏到美丽的景色。
【点评】考查阅读理解。通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
25．细节理解题。根据表格一： Viewer (观众) follow real climbers on their journey to the top of the world. At Mount Everest's top，they can see amazing sights that they might never see in real life. （观众跟随真正的登山者攀登世界之巅。在珠穆朗玛峰的顶部，他们可以看到他们在现实生活中可能从未见过的惊人景象。)可知在观看珠穆朗玛峰VR：世界之巅之旅时，你可以欣赏世界之巅的景色。故选B。
26．细节理解题。根据表格二： Viewers then go on a 360-degree journey through a national park, a forest, and a lake to the foot of Mount Nuolja. (然后，观众将进行一次360度的旅行，穿越国家公园、森林和湖泊，到达诺亚山脚下。)以及表格三： The virtual tours show 360-degree views of Yosemite's natural sights. (虚拟之旅展示了约塞米蒂自然景观的360度全景。)可知"拉普兰之光"的虚拟旅行和"虚拟约塞米蒂"的共同之处：都是360度全景。故选A。
27．推理判断题。根据第一段Many people enjoy traveling. However, sometimes traveling to another place in person isn't possible. lf you're stuck at home, you can enjoy wonderful sights through virtual （虚拟的) travel.(许多人喜欢旅行。然而，有时亲自去另一个地方旅行是不可能的。如果你被困在家里，你可以通过虚拟旅行欣赏美景。)可推断出这篇文章是为喜欢旅行的人写的。故选A。
【答案】28．A
29．D
30．C
【知识点】人文地理类；说明文
【解析】【分析】本文介绍了天山桥、旅客桥等四座桥。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及推断题，推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息。
28．推断题。根据The Tishan Bridge，was an ancient single arch stone bridge，The Travellers'Bridge，As the first stone single-arch bridge in China's history，The Guangji Bridge，It was built in 1171 with countless large stones天山大桥，是一座古老的单拱石桥，旅行者桥，作为中国历史上第一座石质单拱桥，广济桥，它建于1171年，用无数的大石头砌成的，可知除了河桥以外，其余的桥都是用石头砌成的，故选A。
29．推断题。根据As the first stone single-arch bridge in China's history, it was built near the capital city Luoyang, and it was called the "Travellers' Bridge". Unlike traditional rope or plank bridges, the arch was high enough to allow large boats to pass under作为中国历史上第一座石质单拱桥，它建在首都洛阳附近，被称为"旅行者桥"。与传统的绳索桥或木板桥不同，这座桥的拱高足以让大船从下面通过，可知最早的石质单拱桥高度很高，便于水上运输，故选D。
30．推断题。本文介绍了天山桥、旅客桥等四座桥，可知这篇文章摘自建筑杂志，故选C。
【答案】31．正确
32．错误
33．错误
34．正确
35．错误
【知识点】旅游观光类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】短文主要写了作者和同学们期待已久的一次学校旅行，他们去了中国东北的吉林省长白山。
【点评】主要是根据原文与问题进行推理判断，从原文找到对应问题，逐一检查，进行判断。
31．根据第二段The name of it means"a mountain which remains white all year round" in Chinese.（它的名字在中文里的意思是"终年洁白的山"。）可知，长白山在中文里的意思是"终年洁白的山"。故选正确。
32．根据第二段The name Changbai Mountain was first used in the Liao Dynasty.（长白山这个名字最早是在辽朝使用的。）可知，长白山一名最早是在辽朝使用，而不是唐朝。故选错误。
33．根据第三段Along the way，we saw several wild animals and we were totally shocked at the beauty of the mountain. （一路上，我们看到了几只野生动物，我们完全被这座山的美丽所震撼。）可知，学生们被长白山的美丽所震撼，而非野生动物。故选错误。
34．根据倒数第二段Not all visitors are lucky enough to see the Tianchi Lake clearly the first time they go there，but we were.（并不是所有的游客都有幸第一次去就能清楚地看到天池，但我们做到了。）可知，一些游客第一次去天池看不清楚它。故选正确。
35．根据最后一段One more thing we remembered was taking baths in the hot springs.All our tiredness and pressure were gone there.（我们记得的另一件事是在温泉里洗澡。我们所有的疲劳和压力都消失了。）可知，洗澡让我们的疲劳和压力都消失了，而不是各种食物。故选错误。
【答案】36．A
37．B
38．A
【知识点】人文地理类；说明文
【解析】【分析】文章大意：本文主要介绍伦敦几个有名的公园。
【点评】考查阅读理解。主要涉及细节理解题，解题时首先要通读全文，了解文中所叙述的重要事实或细节，就可以解答出来，有的甚至可以从文章的原句中直接找到答案。此类考查事实和细节的题目大多数是针对文章的细节设计的。
36．细节理解题。根据文章第一段句子"Hyde Park first opened to the people of London in the seventeenth century"和第二段句子"The are usually a lot of people at Speakers' Corner.Some people come here because they want to tell the world important or interesting things - about the government, or science, or the church, or 'the end of the world'."可知在海德公园可以听有趣的演说，故选A。
37．细节理解题。根据文章第三段句子"Regent's Park is the home of London zoo...There is also a theatre in the park. On a summer 's evening, you can sit out and watch a play by Shakespeare.ln the summer, you can listen to music in the park."可知在摄政公园可以欣赏戏剧或音乐。故选B。
38．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段句子"St James's Park is next to the Mall. It is a small park, but very beautiful, and it is the oldest of the royal （皇家） parks."可知圣詹姆斯公园是一个非常古老的皇家公园。故选A。
【答案】39．C
40．A
41．B
42．A
43．C
【知识点】环保类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】文章大意：本文主要介绍Jessica Wong一家为了环保所做的事。
【点评】考查阅读理解，包含细节理解题、推理判断题和词义猜测题，注意先读懂文章大意，再分析问题和选项，到文章找到关键词进行理解和判断。
39．细节理解题。根据"It's reported that a common family produces more than one ton of rubbish a year."可知，据报道，一个普通家庭每年产生一吨多的垃圾。故选C。
40．词句猜测题。分析划线部分的上文It's reported that a common family produces more than one ton of rubbish a year. 据报道，一个普通家庭每年产生一吨多的垃圾。Some of this waste takes hundreds of years to decay."可知，其中一些废物需要数百年时间，由此推知，应该是需要数百年时间腐烂。故选A。
41．细节理解题。根据"On the other hand, we use old clothes to make different kinds of bags."可知，用旧衣服做不同种类的包。故选B。
42．细节理解题。根据"What's more, my parents and my brother often go to work by bike."可知，父母和哥哥弟经常骑自行车去上班。故选A。
43．推理判断题。根据文章内容可知，Jessica Wong一家做的都是保护环境的小事，但却对地球产生很大的影响。故选C。
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