2016年中考英语考点总动员系列 专题09 动词

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名称 2016年中考英语考点总动员系列 专题09 动词
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专题09 动词(原卷版)
聚焦考点☆温习理解
动词的分类
动词是表示动作或状态的词,按其词义和在句子中的作用可分为行为动词,连系动词,助动词和情态动词四大类。
(一)行为动词
行为动词又称实义动词,本身有完整的词义,能在句子中单独作谓语。行为动词可分为及物动词和不及物动词。
1.及物动词后面必须跟宾语,意思才完整。如:
He likes English very much。他非常喜欢英语。
Jim will give us a talk on English names. 吉姆将给我们作关于英文名字的报告。21世纪教育网版权所有
Uncle Wang calls it “plike”。王叔叔给他取名“plike”。
2.不及物动词本身意义完整,但后面不能直接跟宾语,如要带宾语则与介词或副词构成短语才行。 如:? ?
The students are listening to the teacher carefully.学生们在仔细听老师讲课。  21*cnjy*com
3.英语中有不少动词既可以作及物动词,也可以作不及物动词。如:
He speaks English well。他英语讲得很好。
He speaks too quickly。他说话太快。
(二)系动词
系动词本身有一定的词义,但不能独立作谓语,必须与表语一起构成谓语。常用的连系动词有 be是, get变得, turn变为,成为, become成为, look看起来, feel感觉,摸起来, grow, seem好像,似乎, sound听起来, taste尝起来, smell闻起来等。 如:?
Our country is becoming stronger and stronger.?我们的国家变得越来越强大。
(三)助动词
助动词本身无词义,不能单独作谓语,只能和主要动词一起构成谓语动词,表示否定、疑问、时态、语态等语法特征,助动词有 be, do, have, shall,w ill等。 如:?
How do you usually come to school??你通常怎样来学校?
The children are playing yo-yo now. ?孩子在玩溜溜球。
(四)情态动词
情态动词本身有一定的意义,但不能独立作谓语,只能和主要动词原形一起构成谓语。情态动词没有人称和数的变化。情态动词有 can (could), may(might), must, should等。
We can play basketball。我们会打篮球。
二、动词的基本形式
英语中的大多数动词都有五种基本形式 它们是动词原形,一般现在时三单形式,现在分词,过去式和过去分词。
(一)一般现在时第三人称单数形式的构成
1. 一般在词后加s。如:comes, spells, waits, talks, sees, dances, trains
2. 在s,x, sh, ch,结尾的词后加es。如:watches, washes, wishes, finishes
3. 1)以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es。如:study-studies, hurry-hurries, try-tries
2)以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。如:plays, says, stays, enjoys, buys
4. 以o结尾加es。如:does, goes
5. 特殊的有:are-is, have-has
(二)现在分词的构成
1. 一般在后加ing。如:spell-spelling, sing-singing, see-seeing, train-training, play-playing, hurry-hurrying, watch-watching, go-going, do-doing
2. 以不发音e的结尾的去掉e再加ing。如:dance-dancing, wake-waking, take-taking, practice-practicing, write-writing, have-having
3. 以重读闭音节结尾且一个元音字母+一个辅音字母(注意除开字母组合如show –showing, draw-drawing)要双写最后的辅音字母再加ing。如:put-putting, run-running, get-getting, let-letting, begin-beginning
4. 以ie结尾的变ie为y再加ing。如:tie-tying, die-dying, lie-lying 21教育名师原创作品
(三)规则动词的过去式和过去分词的形式是相同的。变化规则可速记为直、去、双、改四字诀。 ①一般情况下在动词原形后直接加-ed。如:wanted,played。 ②以不发音的字母e结尾的动词,去掉e再加-ed。如:hoped,lived。 ③重读闭音节单词需双写最后一个辅音字母再加-ed。如:stopped。 ④以辅音字母+y结尾的动词变y为i,再加-ed。如:studied,worried。 规则动词过去式和过去分词的读音也有规律可循。请记住:清后[t],元浊[d],[t] [d]之后读[Id]。 ①清辅音[p] [k] [f] [s] [F] 等后,ed要读[t]。如:worked,finished。 ②元音或浊辅音[b] [g] [v] [z] [m]等后,ed要读[d]。如:lived,called。 ③[t]或[d]后,ed读[Id]。如:started,needed。 注意:不规则动词变化见书上附录,要逐一熟记。be动词过去式有两种形式,主语是第一、三人称单数形式使用was,其他人称用were。
三、情态动词的基本用法
(一)can与be able to用来表示能力
can只用于一般现在时和过去时,指本身有能力的“能”;be able to用于各种时态均可,指须经过努力而“能”。表示现在或过去一般能力时,两者可以互换。如:
He can(is able to)speak Chinese。他会说汉语。
He could(was able to)swim when he was nine。他九岁时就会游泳。
(二)may(might)与can (could) 用来表示许可
表示许可时,在肯定句中may和can可以互换。may比较正式,can常用于口语中。
在疑问句中,第一人称用may或can,第二、三人称用can。在回答它们引导的疑问句时,肯定回答可以用yes,please;please do;certainly;of course等表示客气,否定回答用no,please don’t等。
为了使语气委婉,可用might代替may,could代替can,但回答时不能用might或could,而要用may和can。
表示制度规定的许可时,一般不用may,而要用can。
May I ...? 表示征求对方许可,否定回答一般用mustn’t,can’t或者had
better not。
(三)must,may与can用来表示推测
must表示有把握的推测,常常译为“一定、准是、肯定”等,语气强烈。通常用于肯定句中,在否定句或疑问句中要用can和can’t代替。
May和can表示对没有把握的推测,常常译为“可能、或许、大概”等。May用于肯定句中。在疑问句或否定句中,一般用can代替may。
(四)must,have to与should用来表示义务、职责或规劝
Must常译为“必须、应当”等,表示说话人主观上认为“必须”,只用于一般现在时和一般将来时。用于疑问句是征求对方的意见,在回答must引出的问句时,肯定回答用must,否定回答用needn’t 或don’t have to,表示“不必,没有必要”。英语否定句中,表示禁止,不允许。
have/has to表示客观条件所逼迫,意为“不得不”,它可用于各种时态。Have to的疑问式需用do引导,但回答时不用do,肯定回答一般用have to或must,否定回答用don’t have
to或mustn’t。
should常译为“应该”,表示一种义务。
(五)need用来表示必要
need作情态动词时,多用于否定句或疑问句中,表示“需要”或“必要”。在疑问句中,肯定回答用must,have to或者should。否定回答用needn’t。(need用于肯定句时,常作实义动词,有人称和数的变化)。
四、非谓语动词
非谓语动词包括动词不定式、v-ing 形式和动词的过去分词。非谓语动词在句中不能单独作谓语,不受主语的人称和数的限制。非谓语动词既有动词性质,又有非动词性质。非谓语动词的否定式都是在其前加not构成。动词不定式的被动式为“to be + 过去分词”;v-ing形式的被动式为“being + 过去分词”。
非谓语动词指的是在句中起名词,形容词或副词作用的动词形式,而不是作谓语的动词形式。 动词的非谓语形式分为动名词,分词,动词不定式。 Climbing mountain is a good exercise. (Climbing..., 动名词起名词作用)
Do you know the man wearing a white shirt. (wearing ..分词起形容词作用)
He gets up early to catch the first bus. (to catch ...不定式起副词作用)
谓语动词和非谓语动词的区别:
1)谓语动词在句中可单独作谓语,而非谓语动词不能单独作谓语。 Miss Mary teaches us English. 玛丽教我们英语。(teaches 动词作谓语)
Mr. Li came to our classroom to have a talk with us last week. (to have a talk.... 不定式作状语)
2)谓语动词受主语的人称和数的限制,而非谓语动词形式没有这种限制。 Mike likes the pop music. (动词用单数第三人称形式)
Lucy has nothing to do today。(do 用原形)
非谓语动词的特征: 1 如果非谓语动词是及物动词,后面须跟宾语。
Studying English is my favorite.(studying 后跟宾语)
To help him is my duty. 帮助他是我的责任。(help 后跟宾语)
2 非谓语动词可以带有自己的状语或逻辑主语。
Working under such a condition is terrible. (under such a condition 是 working 的状语)
It's too difficult for him to master English in such a short time. (for him 作不定式的逻辑主语)
3 非谓语动词仍有语态和时态的变化。 I am sorry to have kept you waiting long.(to have kept...是不定式的完成形式) Seen from the mountain, the city looks much more beautiful. (Seen from...是分词的被动形式)
4 非谓语动词在句中可以当成名词或者形容词来使用。 Our coming made him happy.(coming 起名词作用) There are two big swimming pools here. (swimming 起形容词作用)21·cn·jy·com
(一)动 词 不 定 式: I. 动词不定式的形式有两种:一种是带to的,另一种是不带to的。在句中起名词,形容词和副词的作用,可以担任除谓语以外的其它任何成分。 1. 动词不定式作主语: To learn English is very important.
但实际上不定式作主语常用 it来作形式主语,而将真正的主语不定式放在后面。 It's very kind of you to have given us so much help. 你给了我们那么多的帮助真是太好了。 2. 动词不定式作宾语: 某些及物动词可以用动词不定式作宾语,这些动词有decide, begin, help, begin, want, wish, like, forget, learn, ask. I have decided to go to Beijing next week. 3. 动词不定式作宾语补语 。动词不定式作宾语补足语时,有时带to,有时不带to。常接带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有ask, tell, allow, want, wish等;而在某些使役动词(如make, have, let等)和感官动词(如hear, see, watch, notice等)后作宾语补足语的动词不定式通常不带to,但当句子变为被动语态、动词不定式作主语补足语时,就要带to。
Please ask him to come here quickly.请叫他快过来。
① ask, want, teach, tell, know, would like, allow等动词后面接动词不定式作宾语补足语。
The policemen asked him to get off the bus.?
② hear, see, look at, feel, watch, notice, listen to等感官动词后接不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。
We often see Miss Li clean the classroom.?
③ let, make, have这些使役动词后接不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。但在被动语态中这些不带to的都须带上to。
In those days the bosses often made the workers work day and night.
④动词help接动词不定式作宾语补足语,可带to也可不带to。
Can you help me (to) carry the heavy bag? ?
4. 动词不定式作表语 : My idea is to finish our homework at once. 5. 动词不定式作定语: ①与被修饰词有动宾关系。如:I have something important to tell you. 我有重要的事情要告诉你。但如果不定式动词为不及物动词,后面的介词千万不要省略。
Maybe they have three rooms to live in.?
②与被修饰词有主谓关系。
Mr Liang is always the first to come and the last to leave.? 21教育网
③与被修饰之间只有修饰关系。
I have no time to play cards. 6. 不定式作状语:动词不定式作状语,多表目的 I'll go to meet my friend at the railway station. II.动词不定式的否定形式: not + to + 动词原形 The teacher told us not to swim in that river. 老师告诉我们不要在那条河里游泳。 It's unfair not to tell us. 不告诉我们是不公平。 III.带疑问词的不定式:动词不定式与疑问词who, what, which, when, how, where, whether等连用,构成不定式短语,使含义更加具体。。 I don't know when to begin. 我不知道什么时间开始。 IV.带逻辑主语的不定式:动词不定式可以带有自己的逻辑主语,构成方法是: for/of + 逻辑主语 + 不定式。不定式复合结构“for/of sb. to do sth” 作主语时, 常用“It is +adj+ for /of sb. to do sth”的句式。?
若形容词是描述不定式行为者的性格、品质的,如kind,good,nice,right,wrong,clever,careless,polite,foolish等,用of sb.。若形容词仅仅是描述事物,不是对不定式行为者的品格进行评价,用for sb.,这类形容词有difficult,easy,hard,important,dangerous,(im)possible等。如:?
It’s very kind of you to help me. 你能帮我,真好。
It’s very dangerous for children to cross the busy street.对孩子们来说,穿过繁忙的街道很危险。
注意:逻辑主语用宾格形式, for /of本身无实际意义,它只表明后面的主语从逻辑上分析是不定式的主语。
V.动词不定式的被动形式: 表示不定式动词同所修饰的名词是被动关系 。 There are much work to be done. 有好多工作要做。
(二)动名词
I.动名词是由动词原形 + ing 构成,同现在分词形式一样,在句中可作主语, 宾语,表语和定语。 1) 动名词作主语:
Learning from others is important .
2) 动名词作表语
Seeing is believing.
动名词作宾语
Please stop smoking.
动名词作定语
She is studying in the reading room.
II.动名词的否定形式:not + 动名词 He pretend not knowing it at all. 他假装全然不知。 III.动名词的被动形式 : 当动名词和它的逻辑主语是被动关系时,用动名词的被动形式来表示。【版权所有:21教育】
His being looked down upon made him sick.
特别注意: (1) 有些动词的后面能跟动名词做宾语,有些动词能跟不定式,有些两者都可以, 它们的具体含义有时还不一样。 ①.有些动词或动词短语不能带不定式,只能接动词的-ing形式。
如: enjoy, finish, keep, mind, be busy, go on, keep on, be worth, can't help practise, give up, look forward to等。
如: The peasants are busy picking apples.?
Would you mind my opening the door??
② 有些动词或动词短语只能带不定式,不能接动词的-ing形式。 want, afford, agree, decide, expect, hope, offer, plan,refuse, wish等21·世纪*教育网
③有些动词或动词短语既能带不定式,也能接动词的-ing形式。接不定式表示动作的完整性,真实性;v-ing形式 表示动作的连续性,进行性。 love, like, hate, prefer, dislike, begin, need, remember, forget, regret, try, start,
1)动词后面跟动名词还是不定式,含义不相同,总的来说,表示习惯的, 一般性的动作多跟动名词,一次性的具体的动作多跟不定式。
I like to go with you.我想和你一块儿去。 I like reading.
He promised to help her.
We love watching VCD.
2) remember, forget后面跟动名词时,动名词表示过去的动作, 后面跟不定式时,不定式表示将来的动作。 I remember meeting him in the street. I remember to write a letter to my parents.
3) "stop + 动名词"表示停止动名词所表示的动作, "stop + 不定式"表示停下来  做不定式所表示的动作。
They stopped to sing a song.(停止在做的工作而去做另一件工作)?
They stopped singing.(停止正在做的工作)
4) try to do  努力,企图做某事。
 try doing  试验,试着做某事。
5) go on to do 做了一件事后,接着做另一件事。
go on doing  继续做原来做的事。
6) mean to do  打算、想
mean doing 意味着
(2) 动名词和分词的区别: 动名词作定语时,动名词和它所修饰的词没有逻辑上的主谓关系,而分词作定语时, 分词和它所修饰的词有逻辑上的主谓关系。 reading text 阅读课文 〔动名词〕 developing country 发展中国家 〔分词〕
?a sleeping bag 睡袋 〔动名词〕 boiled water 开水 〔分词〕
(三)分 词
I.分词可分为现在分词和过去分词两种,分词是由动词 +ing 或 动词 + ed 构成,它在句中起形容词或副词的作用,可以作定语,表语,状语。动词的过去分词所表示的动作常与其所修饰的词之间是被动关系。
1.分词作定语
作定语的分词要放在被修饰的名词之前,如果是分词词组则放在被修饰的名词之后, 如被修饰的名词是 something, anything, everything, nothing 等,分词放在被修饰名词的后面。 That's an interesting story. The boy hurt by the car was sent to the hospital immediately. There is nothing interesting. 没什么有趣的事。
分词和动名词都可以作定语,判断是分词还是动名词,可以根据它们和被修饰词有无逻辑上的主谓关系来判断, 有主谓关系的是分词, 否则判断为动名词。 a swimming girl 游泳的女孩。(分词) a swimming pool 游泳的池子 (动名词) 【来源:21cnj*y.co*m】
2.分词作状语v-ing 形式作状语,可表示原因、时间、伴随等。 Being a student, he likes to help others.
3.分词作表语
The glass is broken.
4.分词作宾语补足语 可以跟宾语补足语的谓语动词有 see, watch, hear, set, keep, find, have, get 等词。 I saw him walking in the street.
have 后面的宾语补足语用过去分词常表示动作不是句子的主语发出的,而是由别人做的。 I have my hair cut. 我理发了。(是别人给我理发) II.分词的否定形式。not + 分词 Not knowing what to do next, she stopped to wait. 不知道下一步干什么,她停下来等着。 Not having finished the homework, the little girl doesn't dare to go to school. 小女孩没完成作业不敢去学校。 五、动词的时态
不同时间发生的动作要用不同的动词形式来表达,这就是动词的时态。英语动词有十六种时态,但初中阶段常用的有八种,即:一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时和过去将来时。?
(一)一般现在时
I.构成形式:am / is / are或实义动词的原形(主语是第三人称单数时,动词要用第三人称单数形式)
II.常用时间状语:always, often, usually, sometimes, once a week, every day等。
III.一般现在时的基本用法
1) 经常性或习惯性的动作。
She visits her parents every day.
2) 客观真理,客观存在,科学事实。
The earth moves around the sun.
3) 表示格言或警句中。
Pride goes before a fall.
注意:此用法如果出现在宾语从句中,即使主句是过去时,从句谓语也要用一般现在时。
Columbus proved that the earth is round..
4) 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。
I don't want so much.
5)用于谈论时间表、节目单或日程表上所安排好的事情的。
The concert begins at 7.30 and ends at 9.30.
6) 在时间状语从句或条件状语从句中,一般现在时代替一般将来时。
I'll help you as soon as you have problem.
Tell Xiao Li about it if you meet him.
IV.考查热点:如果主句为一般将来时,由if, unless等引导的条件状语从句和when, until, as soon as等引导的时间状语从句常用一般现在时表示将来。
(二)一般过去时
I.构成形式:动词的过去式
II.常用时间状语:... ago, last week, yesterday, just now, in 1988等。
III.一般过去时的基本用法
表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内所发生的动作或情况。
I worked in that factory last year.
IV.一般过去时的特殊用法 ①在虚拟语气中表示与现在事实相反的动作或状态。 I wish I were twenty years younger.但愿我年轻20岁。
②在口语中,一般过去时往往显示委婉客气。 Might I come and see you tonight? 我想今晚来看你,好吗?
V.注意事项:
① 注意时间状语的搭配。一般过去时的时间状语应该是表示过去某个时间的词或词组,如:yesterday, last month, in 1999, two days ago等,绝对不可与recently, in the past 10 years, this month等连用,因为这样的时间状语都与现在有关系。
② used to do的否定形式和疑问形式很特别:你怎么写都正确。以否定形式为例:used not to do, didn't used to do, didn't use to do都对。
Used to do经常与 be used to doing sth/ sth结构进行对比。前者表示"过去常常或过去曾经",要求加动词原形;后者表示"习惯于",要求加名词或动名词。
(三)一般将来时
I.构成形式:“will(用于任何人称) / shall (用于第一人称) + 动词原形”或“am / is /are going to + 动词原形”或“am / is /are + 动词的-ing形式”
II.常用时间状语:tomorrow, next month, in two days, soon等。
III.一般将来时的用法
1)表示将来的动作或状态。例如:
I shall attend the meeting tomorrow.
2)表示将来反复发生的动作或存在的状态。例如:
He will go to see his mother every Saturdays.
3)表示将来的意愿,决心,许诺, 命令等时常用will,征求对方意见,主语是第一称时,常用shall。
I will do my best to catch up with them.
Shall I open the door?
4)be + going + 动词不定式。也是一种将来时句型,表示打算,计划,最近或将来要作的某事。
I am going to Beijing next week.
5)be + 动词不定式。表示有职责,义务,可能,约定,意图等。
We are to meet the guests at the station.
6)be about + 动词不定式,表示马上,很快作某事。
They are about to leave.
注意:①shall用于第一人称,常被will 所代替。will 在陈述句中用于各人称,在征求意见时常用于第二人称。 Which paragraph shall I read first? Will you be at home at seven this evening?
②be about to 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。
IV.考查热点:there be结构的一般将来时为there will be / there is going to be。
(四)现在进行时
I.构成形式:am / is / are + 动词的-ing形式
II.时间状语及提示语:now, these days, at this moment, Listen! Look! 等。
III.现在进行时的用法
1) 现在进行时的用法表示说话者说话时正在发生或者进行的动作, 它注重现在正在进行的动作,而不管动作从什么时间开始,到什么时间结束。
What are you doing now?
I am looking for my key.
2) 现在进行时表示目前一段时间内正在进行的动作(但说话时这个动作不一定在进行)。
The students are preparing for the examination.
3) 某些动词的现在进行时可以表示即将发生的动作,这些动词有 arrive, come, leave, start等。
They are going to Hong Kong tomorrow.
IV. 有些动词一般不可以用于进行时态①表示状态的动词,尤其是静态动词,如:be, have ②表示认识、知觉和情感的动词,如:know, think, hear, find, see, like, want, wish, prefer等。
(五)过去进行时
I.构成形式:was / were + 动词的-ing形式
II.常用时间状语:at that time, this time yesterday, at six yesterday, when + 从句(动词为过去式)等。
III.过去进行时的用法
表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。例如:
I was watching TV when she came to see me.
IV. 过去进行时和一般过去时的区别
过去进行时和一般过去时都是过去发生的事情,但过去进行时侧重表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作或所处的状态,强调动作的连续进行,而一般过去时则表示单纯的过去事实,
They were building a house last month. (上个月正在建造,建造好与否不知)
They built a new house last month. (上个月建造好了,动作已经完成)
(六)现在完成时
I.构成形式:have / has + 动词的过去分词
II.常用时间状语及提示词:“for + 段时间”,“since + 点时间 / 从句”,already, yet, never, ever, just, before, once, so far, ever since等。
III.现在完成时的用法
1) 现在完成时表示在说话之前已经完成或刚完成的动作。
I have bought a ten-speed bicycle.
They have cleaned the classroom.
2) 现在完成时表示动作从过去开始持续到现在,或者还有可能持续下去的动作或状态。 现在完成时常与for 和 since 引导的短语或从句连用。
We have lived here since 1976.
They have waited for more than two hours.
IV.一般过去时与现在完成时的区别
过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情,强调动作;现在完成时为过去发生的,强调过去的事情对现在的影响,强调的是影响;一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用。
试比较:
I saw this film yesterday.(强调看的动作发生过了,不涉及现在)
I have seen this film. (强调对现在的影响,电影的内容已经知道了。)
V.瞬间动词与延续性动词
1)瞬间动词表示短暂。不能持续一段时间的动作,如:come, leave, begin, become, buy, receive, die, join, borrow, lend, go,等。
2)持续性动词表示能持续一段时间的动作,如:work, stay, live, learn, read, write, wait 等
3)瞬间动词用于完成时表示动作的完成。
She has already bought a dictionary. 她已经买了一本字典。
4)瞬间动词不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。但是瞬间动词的否定结构可以与表示一段时间的状语连用,说明某动作不发生的状态可以持续一段时间
She often goes on business. But she hasn’t left Shenyang for a month./since a month ago.
5)现在完成时中,非延续性动词不能与for和since引导的表示一段时间的状语连用,通常是用相应的延续性动词来代替。常用的非延续性动词及替代形式如下:
close—→be closed, put on→wear , open—→be open
get up—→be up, finish/end—→be over , lose—→be lost ,
marry—→be married(to), fall asleep/ go to sleep —→be asleep ( sleep ) ,
get to know—→ know   come/arrive—→be here/in ,
come/get back—→be back , go/leave-be away , become —→be ,
borrow —→keep , buy—→have , begin/start—→be on ,
die—→be dead , join—→be in/be a member of... ,
catch a cold—→ have a cold
VI.have/has been in / to与have/has gone to的区别
“have/has gone to + 地点”表示“某人去了某地(在途中或已到目的地,还未回来)”,指主语所指的人不在这儿。“have/has been in + 地点”表示“在某地呆了多长时间”,常与表示时间的状语连用。“have/has been to +地点”表示“曾经去过某地(说明有某种经历,但现在已不在那儿)。”
She has been to Canada. 她去过加拿大。
She has gone to Canada. 她去加拿大了。
VII.考查热点:for 与since的转换;already常用在肯定句中,yet常用在否定句和疑问句中;短暂性动词不能与表示段时间的状语连用。
(七)过去完成时
I.构成形式:had + 动词的过去分词
II. 常用时间状语:by the time / when / before + 从句(动词为过去式), by the end of last year (week, month ...) 等。
III.过去完成时的用法
过去完成时表示过去某一动作或时间以前已发生或完成的动作,也可指从过去某时开始到过去另一时为止的动作或状态,即“过去的过去”。?
By the end of last term they had learned about twenty English songs.? 21*cnjy*com
The film had already begun when we got there.?
IV.注意before与ago的用法有区别。
before表示“距过去某时以前”,即过去的过去,用于过去完成时;ago表示“距今…以前”,即从现在起的过去,用于一般过去时。
(八)过去将来时
I. 构成形式:“would + 动词原形”或“was / were + going to + 动词原形”2·1·c·n·j·y
II.常用时间状语:the next day (morning, year...), the following month (week ...) 等。
III .过去将来时的用法
过去将来时表示从过去某个时间看将要发生的动作或存在地状态,过去将来时较多地被运用在宾语从句中。例:
They were going to have a meeting.
I told him that I would see him off at the station.
IV.考查热点:在含有宾语从句的复合句中,主句为一般过去时,其宾语从句表示将来时常用此时态。
六、动词的语态
I. 概念:语态是动词的一种形式,用以表示主语和谓语之间的关系。
II. 种类:英语动词的语态有主动和被动两种:主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
III. 被动语态的构成: be +及物动词过去分词
IV.被动语态的用法
(1)动作的执行者不知道是谁或难以说明时常用被动语态。
Street lights are often turned on at six in winter.
(2)当动作的承受者比起动作的执行者来说更能引起人们的关心而需要加以强调时,要用被动语态。
This kind of bicycle is not sold in our shop.
V.被动语态的时态
初中英语教材中出现了五种时态的被动语态及带有情态动词的被动语态。
(1)一般现在时 构成:助动词be + 动词的过去分词
English is spoken in many countries.
(2) 一般过去时 构成:助动词was/were + 动词的过去分词
Was this novel written by his father?
(3) 一般将来时 构成:will/be going to do + be + 动词的过去分词【来源:21·世纪·教育·网】
The baby will be taken good care of in the hospital.
(4) 现在完成时 构成:助动词have/has + been + 动词的过去分词
Has his work been finished?
(5) 现在进行时 构成:be + being + 动词的过去分词
The problem is being discussed by the students.
(6)带有情态动词的被动语态 构成:情态动词 + be + 动词的过去分词
Your composition must be handed in tomorrow.
VI.特别说明
1. 双宾语的被动语态。含双宾语的句子由主动语态变被动语态时,可把指人的间接宾语用作被动语态的主语,也可把指物的直接宾语用作主语,但此时须在间接宾语前加上介词to或for。常用to的动词有give, tell, lend, send, show, pass, hand等;常用for的动词有borrow, make, buy等。
2. 复合宾语的被动语态。若主动语态句子为“主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 宾补”这种含复合宾语的结构,变被动语态时只能“宾作主”,而宾补不变。其中,make / hear (watch, see ...) sb. do sth. 结构变为被动语态时为“sb. + be的适当形式 + made / heard (watched, seen ...) to do sth.”。
3. 短语动词的被动语态。有些短语动词相当于及物动词,其后可接宾语,因此它们也有被动语态。但短语动词是个不可分割的整体,变为被动语态时不可丢掉其后的介词或副词。
根据近几年对语态考查的分析,编了这样几句口诀:时态一,语态二,宾变主,主变宾,by短语,后面跟。谓语动词变被动,be后添“过分”。
VII.考查热点:中考对被动语态的考查主要集中在被动语态的构成及用法上。其构成为“助动词be + 及物动词的过去分词”,通过变化助动词be体现时态。
七、容易混淆的常用动词的辨析
(1) say, speak, talk, tell的用法。
1) say表示讲话,作为及物动词使用,后跟宾语或宾语从句。
It's time to leave. We have to say goodbye to you.www-2-1-cnjy-com
2)speak表示“讲话”,一般作为不及物动词使用,而有时作为及物动词后面跟上各种语言作为宾语。
Can you speak English?
3) talk表示“谈话”,是不及物动词,与to , about, with等连用,才可以接宾语。
What are you talking about?
4) tell 表示“告诉,讲述”是及物动词,可以带双宾语或复合宾语。
She told us an interesting story yesterday.
(2) look, see, watch和watch的用法。
1) look强调“看”这个动作,是不及物动词,常与at连用,然后接宾语。
Look at the picture carefully.
2) see 指“看见”某物,强调的是结果。
They can't see the words on the blackboard.
3) watch 指的是“观看”,“注视”之意。
The twins are watching TV now.
4) read指“看书”、“看报”、“阅读”之意。
Don't read in the sun.
(3) borrow, lend和keep的区别。
1) borrow意思为“借入”,常常与from连用,是非延续性动词,表示瞬间即能完成的动作。
Meimei borrowed a book from the library just now.
2) lend 是“借出”之意,常常与to连用,同borrow一样,是非延续性动词,只表示瞬间即能完成的动作。
Uncle Wany has lent his car to Mr Li.[
3) keep是“保存”的意思,动作可以延续。
How long can the recorder be kept?
(4) bring, take, carry 和get的用法。
1) bring意思为“拿来”、“带来”。指将某物或某人从别处“带来”。
Bring me the book, please.
2) take意思是“拿走”,“带走”,把某物或某人从这里“带来”或“拿到”某处之意。
It looks like rain. Take a raincoat with you.
3) carry 是“带着、搬运、携带”的意思,指随身携带,有背着、扛着、抱着、提着的含义,不表明来去的方向。2-1-c-n-j-y
The box is heavy. Can you carry it?
4) get是去某处将某物拿回来。
There is no water in the bottle. Why not get some?
(5) wear, put on和dress的区别
1) wear是“穿着”“戴着”的意思,可以用于穿衣服、穿鞋、戴帽子、戴手套、佩戴首饰等,强调“穿着”的状态。
Tom always wears black shoes.
2) put on是“穿上”“戴上”的意思,可以用于穿衣服、穿鞋、戴帽等。着重于穿戴的动作。
It's cold. You'd better put on your coat.
3) dress可以作及物动词和不及物动词,有“穿着”“打扮”的意思。作“穿着”解时,只用于穿衣服,不用于穿鞋、戴帽、戴手套。作为及物动词用时,它的宾语是人,不是衣服。dress sb. (给某人穿衣服),而wear作“穿着”用时,也是及物动词,但它的宾语是物,不是人,即wear sth.(穿着衣物)。
She always dresses well.
(6) take, spend 和use的用法。
1) take指做某事用多少时间,句型是:It takes/took/ will take + sb. +some time + to do sth.
It took me three days to finish the work.
2) spend指某人在某事(物)上花费时间或钱。句型是:Someone spends + money/time + on something (in) doing sth.
He didn't spend much time on his lessons.
Mother spent her evenings (in) washing clothes.
3) use表示使用工具、手段等。
Do you know how to use the computer?
(7)reach, get 和arrive的区别。
1) reach是及物动词,后面要直接跟表示地点的名词作宾语。
We reached the top of the mountain at last.
2) get是不及动词,常与to连用,再接名词,后面接表示地点的副词时,不用to,get to常用于口语中。
When the students got to the cinema, the film had begun.
3) arrive是不及物动词,表示到达一个小地方如车站、码头、村庄等时,用arrive at, 到达一个大地方如某国某城市等时用arrive in。
The soldiers arrived at a small village
The foreigners will arrive in Shanghai tomorrow
(8) win与beat的区别
win是获胜之意,它是及物动词,但其后的宾语只能接比赛、战争、奖品、奖金的名称。
Which ?team won the football match?
beat指打败对手、敌人……。
My brother beat me at poker. 打扑克的时侯,我的哥哥把我打败了。
名师点睛☆典例分类
类型一、动词词义辨析
【例1】?—?Could?you?_________?some?games?you?often?played?in?your?childhood?[来源:中教—?Of?course.
A.?disturb????? B.?destroy???? C.?describe?????? D.?disagree[www.z@zs^te%~
【举一反三】
1. You are _____to type quickly when talking to each other on QQ so the other person doesn't get bored
A. suggested B. supported C. taught D. supposed
2. — Sam, my iPhone is in my bedroom. Could you it for me?
— No problem.
bring B. fetch C. take D. carry
3. During the Spring Festival, taking a plane usually ______ more money than usual.
A. takes B. pays C. costs D. spends
类型二、动词短语辨析
【例2】—Do you want to eat here?
—No. Just fish and chips to ________, please.
A. put away B. take away C. send away D. throw away【出处:21教育名师】
【举一反三】
1. I early in the morning when I was still a child.
A.am used to get up B. used get up
C. use to get up D.used to get up
2. A quarrel _________ between the couple, which made their son break away from his family.
A. broke into B. broke in C. broke down D. broke out
3. —Which hobby do you think______ the least time?
—Collecting stamps.
takes up B. puts up C. gives up D. makes up21cnjy.com
类型三、情态动词的区分
【例3】 —Is David coming by train?
—He should, but he not. He likes driving his car.
A. can B. need C. must D. may
【举一反三】
1. ---Must I tell Mike about it?
---No, you _______. He’s already been told.
A. mustn’t B. can’t C. needn’t D. shouldn’t
2. — Can I leave my car outside at night?
You ________ better not.
should B. would C. could D. had
3. ---May I go out now, Dad?
---No, You let your mother know first.
A.can B. May C.can’t D.must
类型四、非谓语动词的使用
【例4】Our Chinese teacher encouraged us _______ up even if we made a serious
mistake in our writing work.
A. not to give B. not giving C. doesn’t give D. to give
【举一反三】
1. We should prevent the children ________ the bad programmes.
A. to watch B. from watching C. from watch D. to watching
2. The shoes were worn out, what’s more, they aren’t worth _____.
A. to mend B. mending C. mended D. for mending
3. —More and more people use smart phones (智能手机) nowadays.
—Yes, they make people_______ less, people call them modern opium(鸦片)。
reading B. to read C. read D. be read
类型五、动词时态的区分
【例5】—Mr. Li will check our homework this afternoon. _____ you _____it ? [中国教^#育 —Not yet. I am doing it right now.[来~源*^:中教网@&]
A. Do, finish B. Had, finished C. Have, finished D. Will, finish
【举一反三】
1. — Where are you going for your winter holidays?
Well, we ________ yet.
haven’t decided B. hadn’t decided
C. aren’t decided D. didn’t decide
2. —I want to know if Maria ______ us in the fashion show tonight.
—I believe if she ______ her homework, she will join us.
A. joins; finishes B. will join; finishes
C. joins; will finish D. will join; will join
3. The song reminded me of the old golden days as soon as it_______.
A. played B. plays C. is played D. was played
类型六、延续性动词和非延续性动词的区分
【例6】.“Did you borrow the comic book from the library?” ??? “Yes. I_____ it for three days. I’ll return it this afternoon.” ???? A. borrowed??? B. kept????? C. have borrowed???? D. have kept
【举一反三】
1. 【贵州省安顺市2015年中考英语试题】 Premier Zhou Enlai for many years, he still lives in the hearts of Chinese people.
A. died B. was died C. has been died D. has been dead
2. —How long have you ____here? —For two days. I _____here the day before yesterday. ?? A. been;came??????? ???B. come; came???????? ?C. came; came
3. The astronaut is so tired that he ______ for eleven hours. A. has been asleep??? B. has fallen asleep???? C. has gone to bed?????? D. has gone to sleep
类型七、have been to与have gone to的区分
【例7】—Why are you worried? —I’m expecting a call from my daughter. She??????????? New for three days. A. has gone to??B. has been to??C. has been in ??D. has come in
【举一反三】
1. 【江西省2015年中等学校招生考试英语试题卷】—Ben and Sue aren’t home, are they?
—No.They _____to London on business.
A.have gone B.go C.have been D.will go
2. — Is James at home? — No, he _________ Ya'an to be a volunteer. A. has gone to??????????? B. has been to????????? C. is going to
3. — Hello, may I speak to Miss Wang? ?? — Sorry, she isn’t in. She ________ the office. A. has been to ?B. has gone to?C. has been away
类型八、主动语态和被动语态的区分
【例8】—?When?________?America?__________?by?Columbus?
—?In?1492.
A.?is,?discovered.???B.?was,?discovered.??????C.?was,?discovering.????D.?was,?discover.??
【举一反三】
1. — What’s your family rule, Sam?
— Well, I to go out with friends on school nights.
A. don’t allow B. isn’t allowed C. am not allowed D. not allow
2. – Will teachers _____ by computers in the future, Tony?
–Maybe yes, maybe no. But I’m sure we’ll learn from both of them.
A. have replaced B. are replacing C. are replaced D. be replaced
3. --Mum, may I play computer games for a while?
--As soon as all your homework ______, you can.
A. will finish B. finish C. is finished D. will be finished
课时作业☆能力提升
1. ---Look! The woman standing there is Mrs Green.
---It be Mrs Green, she has been to England.
A. may B.can C. can’t D. mustn’t
2. ---_____the man there be our new teacher?
---- He ____be, but I’m not sure.
A. May, mustn’t B. Can, may C. Must, can’t D. Can, can’t
3. Look! There ____a new bridge. It ____ last month.
A. is, build B. was, built C. is, was built D. is, is built
4. A football match ________ in our school next Monday.
A. will hold B. will be held C. is going to hold D. holds
5. The Olympics ________ every four years. And the 29th Olympics ________ in Beijing in 2008.
A. are taken place; take place B. take place; was held
C. hold; will be taken place D. are held; take place
6. ---Amy, do you know if Daniel_______ to the farm with us tomorrow if it_______?
---Sorry, I have no idea.
A. will go; will rain B. will go; rains C. goes; will rain D. goes; rains
7. --- Where’s Jenny?
--- I’m not sure. She ______ in the school library.
A. maybe B. must be C. may be D. will be
8. —We’ll make a trip to Hainan Island next weekend. Will you go with us?
—No, I can’t _____ it at present.
A. afford B. save C. offer D. accept
9. --Why did the teacher the boy? --Because he helped an old man.
A.punish B.praise
C.perform D.reflect
10. --Must I go there right now?
--No ,you .They may go there later.
A.shouldn’t B.can’t
C.needn’t D.mustn’t
11. The traffic in Jiayu _______ be terrible, but now it has improved a lot. I think you will ______ it soon.
A.use to; use to B.get used to; used to
C.used to; get used to D.get used to; use to
12. She likes singing very much. We often hear her _______ songs after class.Last night, she was heard _______ an English song in her room.
A、sing; sing B、to sing; to sing C、singing; singing D、sing; to sing
13. —Do you know who _______ the tomb of Emperor Qin and who _______ the mobile phone?
—No, but we may ask our teacher.
A.discovered; invented B.was discovered; was invented
C.invented; discovered D.was invented; was discovered
14. ____ your things, Tom. Your room is in a mess.
A. Put on B. Put away C. Put off D. Put up
15. –––Who is singing in the next room?
–––It_______ be Lucy. She has gone to Hong Kong.
A. needn’t B. must C. may not D. can’twww.21-cn-jy.com
16. It is possible that the murder _______ between 9 and 11 last night.
A. was happening B. had taken place C. took place D. had happened
17. –––What’s wrong with you, Kitty? You look tired.
–––I ________ to prepare for the exam last night.
A. picked up B. woke up C. stayed up D. looked up
18. --When you to play the piano?
-- Three years ago.
A、have ;started B、will ;start
C、do; start D、did; start
19. Their house last week and many things were lost.
A. was got into B. got into C. broke into D. was broken into
20. --You should not to old people .It is not polite.
-- OK.I won’t do that again.
A.stand up B.look up
21. –––I find it hard to Tom.
–––I don't think so. He is sometimes stubborn but he's kind.
A. go on with B. get along with C. come up with D. catch up with
22. Now more and more people ________ sending e-mails ________ letters.
A. prefer to; to writing B. prefer to; to write
C. prefer; to writing D. prefer; to write
23. Sally took a photo of her friends while they _________ computer games.
A. played B. are playing C. have played D. were playing
24. As the train _______, we had to stay here for the night.
A. left B. had left C. was leaving D. leaves
25. He made up his mind to devote his life_______ pollution_______ happily.
A. to prevent; from live B. to prevent; from living
C. to preventing; from living D. to preventing; to live
26. 【2015年江苏省苏州市中考英语试题】I was tired out, so I stopped the car a short rest.
A. have B. having C. to have D. had
27. 【2015年江苏省苏州市中考英语试题】— Has Jane done the washing yet?
— You cannot her to do such a thing.
A. want B. hope C. expect D. wish
28. 【2015年广东省初中毕业生学业考试英语试题】--- Mum, shall we go to the beach tomorrow? ----- It ______ the weather.
A.carries on B.lives on C.depends on D.holds on
29. 【贵州省安顺市2015年中考英语试题】—It’s too cold today. Would you mind the window? —Certainly not. Go ahead.
A. to close B. closing C. close D. closed
30. 【2015年江苏省苏州市中考英语试题】— Where is Joan?
— She a novel in her study.
A. has read B. reads C. will read D. is reading
31. 【2015年广东省初中毕业生学业考试英语试题】---- Have you heard of the song Little Apple?
---- Yes. It ______ every morning when aged people do square dancing downstairs.
A.is played B.plays C.was played D.played
32. 【广州市2015年初中毕业生学业考试英语试题】Many houses ______ by the earthquake and thousands of people were left homeless.
A. damaged B. were damaged C. were damaging D. are damaged
33. 【2015年安徽省初中毕业学业考试英语试题】 –Do you have any plans for this Sunday?
--I’m not sure. I ______ go to the countryside to see my grandmother.
A. can  B. must  C. may  D. need
34. 【湖南省娄底市2015年中考英语试题】—Must I clean the classroom now?
—No, you_______.
A. mustn’t B. can’t C. needn’t
35. 【山东省泰安市2015年中考英语试题】Nowadays .all passengers go through safety check before take a train.
A. can B. may C. must D. will
专题09 动词(解析版)
聚焦考点☆温习理解
动词的分类
动词是表示动作或状态的词,按其词义和在句子中的作用可分为行为动词,连系动词,助动词和情态动词四大类。
(一)行为动词
行为动词又称实义动词,本身有完整的词义,能在句子中单独作谓语。行为动词可分为及物动词和不及物动词。
1.及物动词后面必须跟宾语,意思才完整。如:
He likes English very much。他非常喜欢英语。
Jim will give us a talk on English names. 吉姆将给我们作关于英文名字的报告。www-2-1-cnjy-com
Uncle Wang calls it “plike”。王叔叔给他取名“plike”。
2.不及物动词本身意义完整,但后面不能直接跟宾语,如要带宾语则与介词或副词构成短语才行。 如:? ?
The students are listening to the teacher carefully.学生们在仔细听老师讲课。
3.英语中有不少动词既可以作及物动词,也可以作不及物动词。如:
He speaks English well。他英语讲得很好。
He speaks too quickly。他说话太快。
(二)系动词
系动词本身有一定的词义,但不能独立作谓语,必须与表语一起构成谓语。常用的连系动词有 be是, get变得, turn变为,成为, become成为, look看起来, feel感觉,摸起来, grow, seem好像,似乎, sound听起来, taste尝起来, smell闻起来等。 如:?
Our country is becoming stronger and stronger.?我们的国家变得越来越强大。
(三)助动词
助动词本身无词义,不能单独作谓语,只能和主要动词一起构成谓语动词,表示否定、疑问、时态、语态等语法特征,助动词有 be, do, have, shall,w ill等。 如:?
How do you usually come to school??你通常怎样来学校?
The children are playing yo-yo now. ?孩子在玩溜溜球。
(四)情态动词
情态动词本身有一定的意义,但不能独立作谓语,只能和主要动词原形一起构成谓语。情态动词没有人称和数的变化。情态动词有 can (could), may(might), must, should等。
We can play basketball。我们会打篮球。
二、动词的基本形式
英语中的大多数动词都有五种基本形式 它们是动词原形,一般现在时三单形式,现在分词,过去式和过去分词。
(一)一般现在时第三人称单数形式的构成
1. 一般在词后加s。如:comes, spells, waits, talks, sees, dances, trains
2. 在s,x, sh, ch,结尾的词后加es。如:watches, washes, wishes, finishes
3. 1)以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es。如:study-studies, hurry-hurries, try-tries
2)以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。如:plays, says, stays, enjoys, buys
4. 以o结尾加es。如:does, goes
5. 特殊的有:are-is, have-has
(二)现在分词的构成
1. 一般在后加ing。如:spell-spelling, sing-singing, see-seeing, train-training, play-playing, hurry-hurrying, watch-watching, go-going, do-doing
2. 以不发音e的结尾的去掉e再加ing。如:dance-dancing, wake-waking, take-taking, practice-practicing, write-writing, have-having
3. 以重读闭音节结尾且一个元音字母+一个辅音字母(注意除开字母组合如show –showing, draw-drawing)要双写最后的辅音字母再加ing。如:put-putting, run-running, get-getting, let-letting, begin-beginning
4. 以ie结尾的变ie为y再加ing。如:tie-tying, die-dying, lie-lying
(三)规则动词的过去式和过去分词的形式是相同的。变化规则可速记为直、去、双、改四字诀。 ①一般情况下在动词原形后直接加-ed。如:wanted,played。 ②以不发音的字母e结尾的动词,去掉e再加-ed。如:hoped,lived。 ③重读闭音节单词需双写最后一个辅音字母再加-ed。如:stopped。 ④以辅音字母+y结尾的动词变y为i,再加-ed。如:studied,worried。 规则动词过去式和过去分词的读音也有规律可循。请记住:清后[t],元浊[d],[t] [d]之后读[Id]。 ①清辅音[p] [k] [f] [s] [F] 等后,ed要读[t]。如:worked,finished。 ②元音或浊辅音[b] [g] [v] [z] [m]等后,ed要读[d]。如:lived,called。 ③[t]或[d]后,ed读[Id]。如:started,needed。 注意:不规则动词变化见书上附录,要逐一熟记。be动词过去式有两种形式,主语是第一、三人称单数形式使用was,其他人称用were。
三、情态动词的基本用法
(一)can与be able to用来表示能力
can只用于一般现在时和过去时,指本身有能力的“能”;be able to用于各种时态均可,指须经过努力而“能”。表示现在或过去一般能力时,两者可以互换。如:
He can(is able to)speak Chinese。他会说汉语。
He could(was able to)swim when he was nine。他九岁时就会游泳。
(二)may(might)与can (could) 用来表示许可
表示许可时,在肯定句中may和can可以互换。may比较正式,can常用于口语中。
在疑问句中,第一人称用may或can,第二、三人称用can。在回答它们引导的疑问句时,肯定回答可以用yes,please;please do;certainly;of course等表示客气,否定回答用no,please don’t等。
为了使语气委婉,可用might代替may,could代替can,但回答时不能用might或could,而要用may和can。
表示制度规定的许可时,一般不用may,而要用can。
May I ...? 表示征求对方许可,否定回答一般用mustn’t,can’t或者had
better not。
(三)must,may与can用来表示推测
must表示有把握的推测,常常译为“一定、准是、肯定”等,语气强烈。通常用于肯定句中,在否定句或疑问句中要用can和can’t代替。
May和can表示对没有把握的推测,常常译为“可能、或许、大概”等。May用于肯定句中。在疑问句或否定句中,一般用can代替may。
(四)must,have to与should用来表示义务、职责或规劝
Must常译为“必须、应当”等,表示说话人主观上认为“必须”,只用于一般现在时和一般将来时。用于疑问句是征求对方的意见,在回答must引出的问句时,肯定回答用must,否定回答用needn’t 或don’t have to,表示“不必,没有必要”。英语否定句中,表示禁止,不允许。
have/has to表示客观条件所逼迫,意为“不得不”,它可用于各种时态。Have to的疑问式需用do引导,但回答时不用do,肯定回答一般用have to或must,否定回答用don’t have
to或mustn’t。
should常译为“应该”,表示一种义务。
(五)need用来表示必要
need作情态动词时,多用于否定句或疑问句中,表示“需要”或“必要”。在疑问句中,肯定回答用must,have to或者should。否定回答用needn’t。(need用于肯定句时,常作实义动词,有人称和数的变化)。
四、非谓语动词
非谓语动词包括动词不定式、v-ing 形式和动词的过去分词。非谓语动词在句中不能单独作谓语,不受主语的人称和数的限制。非谓语动词既有动词性质,又有非动词性质。非谓语动词的否定式都是在其前加not构成。动词不定式的被动式为“to be + 过去分词”;v-ing形式的被动式为“being + 过去分词”。
非谓语动词指的是在句中起名词,形容词或副词作用的动词形式,而不是作谓语的动词形式。 动词的非谓语形式分为动名词,分词,动词不定式。 Climbing mountain is a good exercise. (Climbing..., 动名词起名词作用)
Do you know the man wearing a white shirt. (wearing ..分词起形容词作用)
He gets up early to catch the first bus. (to catch ...不定式起副词作用)
谓语动词和非谓语动词的区别:
1)谓语动词在句中可单独作谓语,而非谓语动词不能单独作谓语。 Miss Mary teaches us English. 玛丽教我们英语。(teaches 动词作谓语)
Mr. Li came to our classroom to have a talk with us last week. (to have a talk.... 不定式作状语)
2)谓语动词受主语的人称和数的限制,而非谓语动词形式没有这种限制。 Mike likes the pop music. (动词用单数第三人称形式) 2·1·c·n·j·y
Lucy has nothing to do today。(do 用原形)
非谓语动词的特征: 1 如果非谓语动词是及物动词,后面须跟宾语。
Studying English is my favorite.(studying 后跟宾语)
To help him is my duty. 帮助他是我的责任。(help 后跟宾语)
2 非谓语动词可以带有自己的状语或逻辑主语。
Working under such a condition is terrible. (under such a condition 是 working 的状语)
It's too difficult for him to master English in such a short time. (for him 作不定式的逻辑主语)
3 非谓语动词仍有语态和时态的变化。 I am sorry to have kept you waiting long.(to have kept...是不定式的完成形式) Seen from the mountain, the city looks much more beautiful. (Seen from...是分词的被动形式)
4 非谓语动词在句中可以当成名词或者形容词来使用。 Our coming made him happy.(coming 起名词作用) There are two big swimming pools here. (swimming 起形容词作用)
(一)动 词 不 定 式: I. 动词不定式的形式有两种:一种是带to的,另一种是不带to的。在句中起名词,形容词和副词的作用,可以担任除谓语以外的其它任何成分。 1. 动词不定式作主语: To learn English is very important.
但实际上不定式作主语常用 it来作形式主语,而将真正的主语不定式放在后面。 It's very kind of you to have given us so much help. 你给了我们那么多的帮助真是太好了。 2. 动词不定式作宾语: 某些及物动词可以用动词不定式作宾语,这些动词有decide, begin, help, begin, want, wish, like, forget, learn, ask. I have decided to go to Beijing next week. 3. 动词不定式作宾语补语 。动词不定式作宾语补足语时,有时带to,有时不带to。常接带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有ask, tell, allow, want, wish等;而在某些使役动词(如make, have, let等)和感官动词(如hear, see, watch, notice等)后作宾语补足语的动词不定式通常不带to,但当句子变为被动语态、动词不定式作主语补足语时,就要带to。
Please ask him to come here quickly.请叫他快过来。
① ask, want, teach, tell, know, would like, allow等动词后面接动词不定式作宾语补足语。
The policemen asked him to get off the bus.?
② hear, see, look at, feel, watch, notice, listen to等感官动词后接不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。
We often see Miss Li clean the classroom.?
③ let, make, have这些使役动词后接不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。但在被动语态中这些不带to的都须带上to。
In those days the bosses often made the workers work day and night.
④动词help接动词不定式作宾语补足语,可带to也可不带to。
Can you help me (to) carry the heavy bag? ?
4. 动词不定式作表语 : My idea is to finish our homework at once. 5. 动词不定式作定语: ①与被修饰词有动宾关系。如:I have something important to tell you. 我有重要的事情要告诉你。但如果不定式动词为不及物动词,后面的介词千万不要省略。
Maybe they have three rooms to live in.?
②与被修饰词有主谓关系。
Mr Liang is always the first to come and the last to leave.?
③与被修饰之间只有修饰关系。
I have no time to play cards. 6. 不定式作状语:动词不定式作状语,多表目的 I'll go to meet my friend at the railway station. II.动词不定式的否定形式: not + to + 动词原形 The teacher told us not to swim in that river. 老师告诉我们不要在那条河里游泳。 It's unfair not to tell us. 不告诉我们是不公平。 III.带疑问词的不定式:动词不定式与疑问词who, what, which, when, how, where, whether等连用,构成不定式短语,使含义更加具体。。 I don't know when to begin. 我不知道什么时间开始。 IV.带逻辑主语的不定式:动词不定式可以带有自己的逻辑主语,构成方法是: for/of + 逻辑主语 + 不定式。不定式复合结构“for/of sb. to do sth” 作主语时, 常用“It is +adj+ for /of sb. to do sth”的句式。?
若形容词是描述不定式行为者的性格、品质的,如kind,good,nice,right,wrong,clever,careless,polite,foolish等,用of sb.。若形容词仅仅是描述事物,不是对不定式行为者的品格进行评价,用for sb.,这类形容词有difficult,easy,hard,important,dangerous,(im)possible等。如:?
It’s very kind of you to help me. 你能帮我,真好。
It’s very dangerous for children to cross the busy street.对孩子们来说,穿过繁忙的街道很危险。
注意:逻辑主语用宾格形式, for /of本身无实际意义,它只表明后面的主语从逻辑上分析是不定式的主语。
V.动词不定式的被动形式: 表示不定式动词同所修饰的名词是被动关系 。 There are much work to be done. 有好多工作要做。
(二)动名词
I.动名词是由动词原形 + ing 构成,同现在分词形式一样,在句中可作主语, 宾语,表语和定语。 1) 动名词作主语:
Learning from others is important .
2) 动名词作表语
Seeing is believing.
动名词作宾语
Please stop smoking.
动名词作定语
She is studying in the reading room.
II.动名词的否定形式:not + 动名词 He pretend not knowing it at all. 他假装全然不知。 III.动名词的被动形式 : 当动名词和它的逻辑主语是被动关系时,用动名词的被动形式来表示。
His being looked down upon made him sick.
特别注意: (1) 有些动词的后面能跟动名词做宾语,有些动词能跟不定式,有些两者都可以, 它们的具体含义有时还不一样。 ①.有些动词或动词短语不能带不定式,只能接动词的-ing形式。
如: enjoy, finish, keep, mind, be busy, go on, keep on, be worth, can't help practise, give up, look forward to等。
如: The peasants are busy picking apples.?
Would you mind my opening the door??
② 有些动词或动词短语只能带不定式,不能接动词的-ing形式。 want, afford, agree, decide, expect, hope, offer, plan,refuse, wish等
③有些动词或动词短语既能带不定式,也能接动词的-ing形式。接不定式表示动作的完整性,真实性;v-ing形式 表示动作的连续性,进行性。 love, like, hate, prefer, dislike, begin, need, remember, forget, regret, try, start,
1)动词后面跟动名词还是不定式,含义不相同,总的来说,表示习惯的, 一般性的动作多跟动名词,一次性的具体的动作多跟不定式。
I like to go with you.我想和你一块儿去。 I like reading.
He promised to help her.
We love watching VCD.
2) remember, forget后面跟动名词时,动名词表示过去的动作, 后面跟不定式时,不定式表示将来的动作。 I remember meeting him in the street. I remember to write a letter to my parents.
3) "stop + 动名词"表示停止动名词所表示的动作, "stop + 不定式"表示停下来  做不定式所表示的动作。
They stopped to sing a song.(停止在做的工作而去做另一件工作)?
They stopped singing.(停止正在做的工作)
4) try to do  努力,企图做某事。
 try doing  试验,试着做某事。
5) go on to do 做了一件事后,接着做另一件事。
go on doing  继续做原来做的事。
6) mean to do  打算、想
mean doing 意味着
(2) 动名词和分词的区别: 动名词作定语时,动名词和它所修饰的词没有逻辑上的主谓关系,而分词作定语时, 分词和它所修饰的词有逻辑上的主谓关系。 reading text 阅读课文 〔动名词〕 developing country 发展中国家 〔分词〕21·cn·jy·com
?a sleeping bag 睡袋 〔动名词〕 boiled water 开水 〔分词〕
(三)分 词
I.分词可分为现在分词和过去分词两种,分词是由动词 +ing 或 动词 + ed 构成,它在句中起形容词或副词的作用,可以作定语,表语,状语。动词的过去分词所表示的动作常与其所修饰的词之间是被动关系。
1.分词作定语
作定语的分词要放在被修饰的名词之前,如果是分词词组则放在被修饰的名词之后, 如被修饰的名词是 something, anything, everything, nothing 等,分词放在被修饰名词的后面。 That's an interesting story. The boy hurt by the car was sent to the hospital immediately. There is nothing interesting. 没什么有趣的事。
分词和动名词都可以作定语,判断是分词还是动名词,可以根据它们和被修饰词有无逻辑上的主谓关系来判断, 有主谓关系的是分词, 否则判断为动名词。 a swimming girl 游泳的女孩。(分词) a swimming pool 游泳的池子 (动名词)
2.分词作状语v-ing 形式作状语,可表示原因、时间、伴随等。 Being a student, he likes to help others.
3.分词作表语
The glass is broken.
4.分词作宾语补足语 可以跟宾语补足语的谓语动词有 see, watch, hear, set, keep, find, have, get 等词。 I saw him walking in the street.
have 后面的宾语补足语用过去分词常表示动作不是句子的主语发出的,而是由别人做的。 I have my hair cut. 我理发了。(是别人给我理发) II.分词的否定形式。not + 分词 Not knowing what to do next, she stopped to wait. 不知道下一步干什么,她停下来等着。 Not having finished the homework, the little girl doesn't dare to go to school. 小女孩没完成作业不敢去学校。 五、动词的时态
不同时间发生的动作要用不同的动词形式来表达,这就是动词的时态。英语动词有十六种时态,但初中阶段常用的有八种,即:一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时和过去将来时。?
(一)一般现在时
I.构成形式:am / is / are或实义动词的原形(主语是第三人称单数时,动词要用第三人称单数形式)
II.常用时间状语:always, often, usually, sometimes, once a week, every day等。
III.一般现在时的基本用法
1) 经常性或习惯性的动作。
She visits her parents every day.
2) 客观真理,客观存在,科学事实。
The earth moves around the sun.
3) 表示格言或警句中。
Pride goes before a fall.
注意:此用法如果出现在宾语从句中,即使主句是过去时,从句谓语也要用一般现在时。
Columbus proved that the earth is round..
4) 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。
I don't want so much.
5)用于谈论时间表、节目单或日程表上所安排好的事情的。
The concert begins at 7.30 and ends at 9.30.
6) 在时间状语从句或条件状语从句中,一般现在时代替一般将来时。
I'll help you as soon as you have problem.
Tell Xiao Li about it if you meet him.
IV.考查热点:如果主句为一般将来时,由if, unless等引导的条件状语从句和when, until, as soon as等引导的时间状语从句常用一般现在时表示将来。【版权所有:21教育】
(二)一般过去时
I.构成形式:动词的过去式
II.常用时间状语:... ago, last week, yesterday, just now, in 1988等。
III.一般过去时的基本用法
表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内所发生的动作或情况。
I worked in that factory last year.
IV.一般过去时的特殊用法 ①在虚拟语气中表示与现在事实相反的动作或状态。 I wish I were twenty years younger.但愿我年轻20岁。
②在口语中,一般过去时往往显示委婉客气。 Might I come and see you tonight? 我想今晚来看你,好吗?
V.注意事项:
① 注意时间状语的搭配。一般过去时的时间状语应该是表示过去某个时间的词或词组,如:yesterday, last month, in 1999, two days ago等,绝对不可与recently, in the past 10 years, this month等连用,因为这样的时间状语都与现在有关系。
② used to do的否定形式和疑问形式很特别:你怎么写都正确。以否定形式为例:used not to do, didn't used to do, didn't use to do都对。
Used to do经常与 be used to doing sth/ sth结构进行对比。前者表示"过去常常或过去曾经",要求加动词原形;后者表示"习惯于",要求加名词或动名词。
(三)一般将来时
I.构成形式:“will(用于任何人称) / shall (用于第一人称) + 动词原形”或“am / is /are going to + 动词原形”或“am / is /are + 动词的-ing形式”
II.常用时间状语:tomorrow, next month, in two days, soon等。
III.一般将来时的用法
1)表示将来的动作或状态。例如:
I shall attend the meeting tomorrow.
2)表示将来反复发生的动作或存在的状态。例如:
He will go to see his mother every Saturdays.
3)表示将来的意愿,决心,许诺, 命令等时常用will,征求对方意见,主语是第一称时,常用shall。
I will do my best to catch up with them.
Shall I open the door?
4)be + going + 动词不定式。也是一种将来时句型,表示打算,计划,最近或将来要作的某事。
I am going to Beijing next week.
5)be + 动词不定式。表示有职责,义务,可能,约定,意图等。
We are to meet the guests at the station.
6)be about + 动词不定式,表示马上,很快作某事。
They are about to leave.
注意:①shall用于第一人称,常被will 所代替。will 在陈述句中用于各人称,在征求意见时常用于第二人称。 Which paragraph shall I read first? Will you be at home at seven this evening?
②be about to 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。
IV.考查热点:there be结构的一般将来时为there will be / there is going to be。
(四)现在进行时
I.构成形式:am / is / are + 动词的-ing形式
II.时间状语及提示语:now, these days, at this moment, Listen! Look! 等。
III.现在进行时的用法
1) 现在进行时的用法表示说话者说话时正在发生或者进行的动作, 它注重现在正在进行的动作,而不管动作从什么时间开始,到什么时间结束。
What are you doing now?
I am looking for my key.
2) 现在进行时表示目前一段时间内正在进行的动作(但说话时这个动作不一定在进行)。
The students are preparing for the examination.
3) 某些动词的现在进行时可以表示即将发生的动作,这些动词有 arrive, come, leave, start等。
They are going to Hong Kong tomorrow.
IV. 有些动词一般不可以用于进行时态①表示状态的动词,尤其是静态动词,如:be, have ②表示认识、知觉和情感的动词,如:know, think, hear, find, see, like, want, wish, prefer等。2-1-c-n-j-y
(五)过去进行时
I.构成形式:was / were + 动词的-ing形式
II.常用时间状语:at that time, this time yesterday, at six yesterday, when + 从句(动词为过去式)等。
III.过去进行时的用法
表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。例如:
I was watching TV when she came to see me.
IV. 过去进行时和一般过去时的区别
过去进行时和一般过去时都是过去发生的事情,但过去进行时侧重表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作或所处的状态,强调动作的连续进行,而一般过去时则表示单纯的过去事实,
They were building a house last month. (上个月正在建造,建造好与否不知)
They built a new house last month. (上个月建造好了,动作已经完成)
(六)现在完成时
I.构成形式:have / has + 动词的过去分词
II.常用时间状语及提示词:“for + 段时间”,“since + 点时间 / 从句”,already, yet, never, ever, just, before, once, so far, ever since等。
III.现在完成时的用法
1) 现在完成时表示在说话之前已经完成或刚完成的动作。
I have bought a ten-speed bicycle.
They have cleaned the classroom.
2) 现在完成时表示动作从过去开始持续到现在,或者还有可能持续下去的动作或状态。 现在完成时常与for 和 since 引导的短语或从句连用。
We have lived here since 1976.
They have waited for more than two hours.
IV.一般过去时与现在完成时的区别
过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情,强调动作;现在完成时为过去发生的,强调过去的事情对现在的影响,强调的是影响;一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用。
试比较:
I saw this film yesterday.(强调看的动作发生过了,不涉及现在)
I have seen this film. (强调对现在的影响,电影的内容已经知道了。)
V.瞬间动词与延续性动词
1)瞬间动词表示短暂。不能持续一段时间的动作,如:come, leave, begin, become, buy, receive, die, join, borrow, lend, go,等。
2)持续性动词表示能持续一段时间的动作,如:work, stay, live, learn, read, write, wait 等
3)瞬间动词用于完成时表示动作的完成。
She has already bought a dictionary. 她已经买了一本字典。
4)瞬间动词不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。但是瞬间动词的否定结构可以与表示一段时间的状语连用,说明某动作不发生的状态可以持续一段时间
She often goes on business. But she hasn’t left Shenyang for a month./since a month ago.
5)现在完成时中,非延续性动词不能与for和since引导的表示一段时间的状语连用,通常是用相应的延续性动词来代替。常用的非延续性动词及替代形式如下:
close—→be closed, put on→wear , open—→be open
get up—→be up, finish/end—→be over , lose—→be lost ,
marry—→be married(to), fall asleep/ go to sleep —→be asleep ( sleep ) ,
get to know—→ know   come/arrive—→be here/in ,
come/get back—→be back , go/leave-be away , become —→be ,
borrow —→keep , buy—→have , begin/start—→be on ,
die—→be dead , join—→be in/be a member of... ,
catch a cold—→ have a cold
VI.have/has been in / to与have/has gone to的区别
“have/has gone to + 地点”表示“某人去了某地(在途中或已到目的地,还未回来)”,指主语所指的人不在这儿。“have/has been in + 地点”表示“在某地呆了多长时间”,常与表示时间的状语连用。“have/has been to +地点”表示“曾经去过某地(说明有某种经历,但现在已不在那儿)。”
She has been to Canada. 她去过加拿大。
She has gone to Canada. 她去加拿大了。
VII.考查热点:for 与since的转换;already常用在肯定句中,yet常用在否定句和疑问句中;短暂性动词不能与表示段时间的状语连用。
(七)过去完成时
I.构成形式:had + 动词的过去分词
II. 常用时间状语:by the time / when / before + 从句(动词为过去式), by the end of last year (week, month ...) 等。
III.过去完成时的用法
过去完成时表示过去某一动作或时间以前已发生或完成的动作,也可指从过去某时开始到过去另一时为止的动作或状态,即“过去的过去”。?
By the end of last term they had learned about twenty English songs.?
The film had already begun when we got there.?
IV.注意before与ago的用法有区别。
before表示“距过去某时以前”,即过去的过去,用于过去完成时;ago表示“距今…以前”,即从现在起的过去,用于一般过去时。
(八)过去将来时
I. 构成形式:“would + 动词原形”或“was / were + going to + 动词原形”
II.常用时间状语:the next day (morning, year...), the following month (week ...) 等。
III .过去将来时的用法
过去将来时表示从过去某个时间看将要发生的动作或存在地状态,过去将来时较多地被运用在宾语从句中。例:
They were going to have a meeting.
I told him that I would see him off at the station.
IV.考查热点:在含有宾语从句的复合句中,主句为一般过去时,其宾语从句表示将来时常用此时态。
六、动词的语态
I. 概念:语态是动词的一种形式,用以表示主语和谓语之间的关系。
II. 种类:英语动词的语态有主动和被动两种:主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
III. 被动语态的构成: be +及物动词过去分词
IV.被动语态的用法
(1)动作的执行者不知道是谁或难以说明时常用被动语态。
Street lights are often turned on at six in winter. 21世纪教育网版权所有
(2)当动作的承受者比起动作的执行者来说更能引起人们的关心而需要加以强调时,要用被动语态。
This kind of bicycle is not sold in our shop.
V.被动语态的时态
初中英语教材中出现了五种时态的被动语态及带有情态动词的被动语态。
(1)一般现在时 构成:助动词be + 动词的过去分词
English is spoken in many countries.
(2) 一般过去时 构成:助动词was/were + 动词的过去分词
Was this novel written by his father?
(3) 一般将来时 构成:will/be going to do + be + 动词的过去分词
The baby will be taken good care of in the hospital.
(4) 现在完成时 构成:助动词have/has + been + 动词的过去分词
Has his work been finished?
(5) 现在进行时 构成:be + being + 动词的过去分词
The problem is being discussed by the students.
(6)带有情态动词的被动语态 构成:情态动词 + be + 动词的过去分词
Your composition must be handed in tomorrow.
VI.特别说明
1. 双宾语的被动语态。含双宾语的句子由主动语态变被动语态时,可把指人的间接宾语用作被动语态的主语,也可把指物的直接宾语用作主语,但此时须在间接宾语前加上介词to或for。常用to的动词有give, tell, lend, send, show, pass, hand等;常用for的动词有borrow, make, buy等。
2. 复合宾语的被动语态。若主动语态句子为“主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 宾补”这种含复合宾语的结构,变被动语态时只能“宾作主”,而宾补不变。其中,make / hear (watch, see ...) sb. do sth. 结构变为被动语态时为“sb. + be的适当形式 + made / heard (watched, seen ...) to do sth.”。
3. 短语动词的被动语态。有些短语动词相当于及物动词,其后可接宾语,因此它们也有被动语态。但短语动词是个不可分割的整体,变为被动语态时不可丢掉其后的介词或副词。
根据近几年对语态考查的分析,编了这样几句口诀:时态一,语态二,宾变主,主变宾,by短语,后面跟。谓语动词变被动,be后添“过分”。
VII.考查热点:中考对被动语态的考查主要集中在被动语态的构成及用法上。其构成为“助动词be + 及物动词的过去分词”,通过变化助动词be体现时态。
七、容易混淆的常用动词的辨析
(1) say, speak, talk, tell的用法。
1) say表示讲话,作为及物动词使用,后跟宾语或宾语从句。
It's time to leave. We have to say goodbye to you.
2)speak表示“讲话”,一般作为不及物动词使用,而有时作为及物动词后面跟上各种语言作为宾语。
Can you speak English?
3) talk表示“谈话”,是不及物动词,与to , about, with等连用,才可以接宾语。
What are you talking about?
4) tell 表示“告诉,讲述”是及物动词,可以带双宾语或复合宾语。
She told us an interesting story yesterday.
(2) look, see, watch和watch的用法。
1) look强调“看”这个动作,是不及物动词,常与at连用,然后接宾语。
Look at the picture carefully.
2) see 指“看见”某物,强调的是结果。
They can't see the words on the blackboard.
3) watch 指的是“观看”,“注视”之意。
The twins are watching TV now.
4) read指“看书”、“看报”、“阅读”之意。
Don't read in the sun.
(3) borrow, lend和keep的区别。
1) borrow意思为“借入”,常常与from连用,是非延续性动词,表示瞬间即能完成的动作。
Meimei borrowed a book from the library just now.
2) lend 是“借出”之意,常常与to连用,同borrow一样,是非延续性动词,只表示瞬间即能完成的动作。
Uncle Wany has lent his car to Mr Li.[
3) keep是“保存”的意思,动作可以延续。
How long can the recorder be kept?
(4) bring, take, carry 和get的用法。
1) bring意思为“拿来”、“带来”。指将某物或某人从别处“带来”。
Bring me the book, please.
2) take意思是“拿走”,“带走”,把某物或某人从这里“带来”或“拿到”某处之意。
It looks like rain. Take a raincoat with you.
3) carry 是“带着、搬运、携带”的意思,指随身携带,有背着、扛着、抱着、提着的含义,不表明来去的方向。21·世纪*教育网
The box is heavy. Can you carry it?
4) get是去某处将某物拿回来。
There is no water in the bottle. Why not get some?
(5) wear, put on和dress的区别
1) wear是“穿着”“戴着”的意思,可以用于穿衣服、穿鞋、戴帽子、戴手套、佩戴首饰等,强调“穿着”的状态。
Tom always wears black shoes.
2) put on是“穿上”“戴上”的意思,可以用于穿衣服、穿鞋、戴帽等。着重于穿戴的动作。
It's cold. You'd better put on your coat.
3) dress可以作及物动词和不及物动词,有“穿着”“打扮”的意思。作“穿着”解时,只用于穿衣服,不用于穿鞋、戴帽、戴手套。作为及物动词用时,它的宾语是人,不是衣服。dress sb. (给某人穿衣服),而wear作“穿着”用时,也是及物动词,但它的宾语是物,不是人,即wear sth.(穿着衣物)。
She always dresses well.
(6) take, spend 和use的用法。
1) take指做某事用多少时间,句型是:It takes/took/ will take + sb. +some time + to do sth.
It took me three days to finish the work.
2) spend指某人在某事(物)上花费时间或钱。句型是:Someone spends + money/time + on something (in) doing sth.【来源:21cnj*y.co*m】
He didn't spend much time on his lessons.
Mother spent her evenings (in) washing clothes.
3) use表示使用工具、手段等。
Do you know how to use the computer?
(7)reach, get 和arrive的区别。
1) reach是及物动词,后面要直接跟表示地点的名词作宾语。
We reached the top of the mountain at last.
2) get是不及动词,常与to连用,再接名词,后面接表示地点的副词时,不用to,get to常用于口语中。
When the students got to the cinema, the film had begun.
3) arrive是不及物动词,表示到达一个小地方如车站、码头、村庄等时,用arrive at, 到达一个大地方如某国某城市等时用arrive in。
The soldiers arrived at a small village
The foreigners will arrive in Shanghai tomorrow
(8) win与beat的区别
win是获胜之意,它是及物动词,但其后的宾语只能接比赛、战争、奖品、奖金的名称。
Which ?team won the football match?
beat指打败对手、敌人……。
My brother beat me at poker. 打扑克的时侯,我的哥哥把我打败了。
名师点睛☆典例分类
类型一、动词词义辨析
【例1】?—?Could?you?_________?some?games?you?often?played?in?your?childhood?[来源:中教—?Of?course.
A.?disturb????? B.?destroy???? C.?describe?????? D.?disagree[www.z@zs^te%~
【答案】C
考点:考查动词辨析。
【点睛】本题考查了动词词义辨析。在学习中必须善于总结意义相近词在用法上的区别。
【举一反三】
1. You are _____to type quickly when talking to each other on QQ so the other person doesn't get bored
A. suggested B. supported C. taught D. supposed
【答案】D
【解析】
试题分析:句意:——用QQ在网上聊天时你应该打字快一点,这样另一个人就不会厌烦。suggest “建议”, support “支持”,teach “教”, be supposed to do 则表示“应该做某事”,符合句意。所以选D。
2. — Sam, my iPhone is in my bedroom. Could you it for me?
— No problem.
bring B. fetch C. take D. carry
【答案】B
【解析】
试题分析:句意:-山姆,我的iPhone在我的卧室里。你能给我去拿来吗?-没问题。take指把东西“从近处带到远处”,bring指把东西“从远处带到近处”,fetch指“去把东西取来”,carry一般指把带东西“带走”,且是较重的物品。本题根据句意是“去取来”,所以选择B答案。
3. During the Spring Festival, taking a plane usually ______ more money than usual.
A. takes B. pays C. costs D. spends
【答案】C
考点:考查动词辨析。
类型二、动词短语辨析
【例2】—Do you want to eat here?
—No. Just fish and chips to ________, please.
A. put away B. take away C. send away D. throw away21教育网
【答案】B
【解析】
试题分析:句意:--你想在这里吃吗?--不,只要外卖的炸鱼和土豆片。get away: 离开,逃跑;take away: 带走,外带; send away:解雇; throw away: 扔掉。结合句意,故选B。
考点:考查动词短语辨析。
【点睛】本题主要考查了动词短语在语境中的辨析,在平时的学习中一定要注意准确记忆所学词组的意义及用法。
【举一反三】
1. I early in the morning when I was still a child.
A.am used to get up B. used get up
C. use to get up D.used to get up21教育名师原创作品
【答案】D
【解析】
试题分析:句意:当我还是小孩子的时候,我常常在早上起床很早。be used to do sth“被用于做某事”,used to do sth“过去常常做某事”。根据when I was still a child可知此处表示过去,故选D。
考点:考查动词短语。
2. A quarrel _________ between the couple, which made their son break away from his family.
A. broke into B. broke in C. broke down D. broke out
【答案】D
考点:考查动词短语的辨析。
3. —Which hobby do you think______ the least time?
—Collecting stamps.
takes up B. puts up C. gives up D. makes up
【答案】A
【解析】
试题分析:句意:你认为哪一项爱好占用最少的时间?take up意思是“占用”;put up意思是“挂起”;give up意思是“放弃”;make up意思是“组成”。所以选择答案A。
类型三、情态动词的区分
【例3】 —Is David coming by train?
—He should, but he not. He likes driving his car.
A. can B. need C. must D. may
【答案】D
【解析】
试题分析:句意:-戴维是坐火车来吗?-他应该是,但他不可能。他喜欢开自己的车。Can能,会;need 需要,必须; must 必须,一定;may可以。可能。所以选D。
考点:考查情态动词。
【点睛】本题主要考查了情态动词的用法,注意情态动词虽有意义但不能独立作谓语,必须后跟一个实义动词的原形。
【举一反三】
1. ---Must I tell Mike about it?
---No, you _______. He’s already been told.
A. mustn’t B. can’t C. needn’t D. shouldn’t
【答案】C
考点:考查情态动词的用法。
2. — Can I leave my car outside at night?
You ________ better not.
should B. would C. could D. had
【答案】D
【解析】
试题分析:句意:---晚上我能把车放在外面吗?--你最好别。此题考查固定短语had better not do sth最好不要做某事,根据句意,故选D。
考点:考查情态动词。
3. ---May I go out now, Dad?
---No, You let your mother know first.
A.can B. May C.can’t D.must
【答案】D
【解析】
试题分析:句意:——爸爸,现在我可以出去了吗?——不可以,你必须先让你妈妈知道。can能,会,表示推测; may可以,表示允许; can’t 不可能,表示推测; must必须,表示要求。结合句意,此处表示爸爸要求孩子让他妈妈知道。故选D。
考点:考查情态动词的用法。
类型四、非谓语动词的使用
【例4】Our Chinese teacher encouraged us _______ up even if we made a serious
mistake in our writing work.
A. not to give B. not giving C. doesn’t give D. to give
【答案】A
考点:考查动词不定式的否定形式。
【点睛】本题主要考查了非谓语动词的用法,注意一些动词后跟动名词和动词不定式的意义明显不同。
【举一反三】
1. We should prevent the children ________ the bad programmes.
A. to watch B. from watching C. from watch D. to watching
【答案】B
【解析】
试题分析:句意:我们应该阻止孩子观看有害的电视节目。Prevent sb.from doing 阻止某人做某事。结合句意,故选B
考点:考查非谓语动词的用法。
2. The shoes were worn out, what’s more, they aren’t worth _____.
A. to mend B. mending C. mended D. for mending
【答案】B
【解析】
试题分析:句意:这鞋穿坏了,而且他们不值得修了。Be worth doing值得做某事。故选B。
考点:考查非谓语动词。
3. —More and more people use smart phones (智能手机) nowadays.
—Yes, they make people_______ less, people call them modern opium(鸦片)。
reading B. to read C. read D. be read
【答案】C
【解析】
试题分析:句意:——当今越来越多的人使用智能手机。——是的,它们让人们读书读得少啦,人们把它们叫做当代的鸦片。Make sb do sth 使某人干某事。根据语意故选C。
考点:考查非谓语动词。
类型五、动词时态的区分
【例5】—Mr. Li will check our homework this afternoon. _____ you _____it ? [中国教^#育 —Not yet. I am doing it right now.[来~源*^:中教网@&]
A. Do, finish B. Had, finished C. Have, finished D. Will, finish
【答案】C
考点:考查现在完成时的用法。
【点睛】本题考查动词的时态。熟记各种时态常用的时间状语可以帮助我们正确判断动词的时态。
【举一反三】
1. — Where are you going for your winter holidays?
Well, we ________ yet.
haven’t decided B. hadn’t decided
C. aren’t decided D. didn’t decide
【答案】A
【解析】
试题分析:句意:---你打算去哪里度寒假?--嗯,我们还没有决定呢。因为有yet,应该用现在完成时,根据句意,故选A。
考点:考查现在完成时。
2. —I want to know if Maria ______ us in the fashion show tonight.
—I believe if she ______ her homework, she will join us.
A. joins; finishes B. will join; finishes
C. joins; will finish D. will join; will join
【答案】B
【解析】
试题分析:句意:---我想知道是否Maria 今晚将会来加入我们的时尚演出?----我相信如果她完成作业的话,她将会加入到我们中来。第一个if引导一般疑问句作宾语从句,第二个if是引导的条件状语从句,故选B。
考点:考查动词的时态。
3. The song reminded me of the old golden days as soon as it_______.www.21-cn-jy.com
A. played B. plays C. is played D. was played
【答案】D
考点:考查动词时态。
类型六、延续性动词和非延续性动词的区分
【例6】.“Did you borrow the comic book from the library?” ??? “Yes. I_____ it for three days. I’ll return it this afternoon.” ???? A. borrowed??? B. kept????? C. have borrowed???? D. have kept 【答案】D 【解析】
试题分析:句意:--你从图书馆借了这本漫画书吗?--是的。我已经借了三天。我将在今天下午归还。 for+ 时间段是现在完成时态的标志。延续性动词可以和时间段连用,非延续性动词不可以和时间段连用。Borrow是非延续性动词,keep是延续性动词.所以选择答案D。
【点睛】本题主要考查延续性动词、非延续性动词的用法。延续性动词可以和一段时间连用,但非延续性动词用于肯定句不能和一段时间连用,通常是用相应的延续性动词来代替。
【举一反三】
1. 【贵州省安顺市2015年中考英语试题】 Premier Zhou Enlai for many years, he still lives in the hearts of Chinese people.
A. died B. was died C. has been died D. has been dead
【答案】D
【考点定位】考查现在完成时的用法。
2. —How long have you ____here? —For two days. I _____here the day before yesterday. ?? A. been;came??????? ???B. come; came???????? ?C. came; came
【答案】A 【解析】
试题分析:句意:--你来这儿多久啦?---两天。我是前天来的。上句How long(多长时间)询问时间段,故句中应用延续性谓语动词,come为非延续性动词,故排除B、C两项;由答语中the day before yesterday可知下句后一分句为一般过去时,come的过去时为came,故选A。
3. The astronaut is so tired that he ______ for eleven hours. A. has been asleep??? B. has fallen asleep???? C. has gone to bed?????? D. has gone to sleep 【答案】A
【解析】
试题分析:句意:宇航员是太累了,他睡了十一小时。for eleven hours指一段时间,不可以用短暂性动词,be asleep指“睡着”的状态,fall asleep指“睡着”的动作 ,所以选择答案A。
类型七、have been to与have gone to的区分
【例7】—Why are you worried? —I’m expecting a call from my daughter. She??????????? New for three days. A. has gone to??B. has been to??C. has been in ??D. has come in 【答案】A 【解析】
试题分析:句意:has gone to去某地未返回;has been to曾经去过某地;has been in呆在某地;has come in已进来。由答语前半句“我正期待我女儿来的电话”可知她去纽约还未回来,故选A。
【点睛】本题考查have been to与have gone to的区分。have/has been to+地点,意为“去过某地”,现在已经回来了;have/has goneto+地点,意为“去了某地或在去某地的路上”。
【举一反三】
1. 【江西省2015年中等学校招生考试英语试题卷】—Ben and Sue aren’t home, are they?
—No.They _____to London on business.
A.have gone B.go C.have been D.will go
【答案】A
【考点定位】考查动词时态。
2. — Is James at home? — No, he _________ Ya'an to be a volunteer. A. has gone to??????????? B. has been to????????? C. is going to 【答案】A 【解析】
试题分析:句意:—詹姆斯在家吗?—他做志愿者去了雅安。is going to 表将来,跟语境不符,故排除掉C项。又has been to去过某地,在说话现场;has gone to去了某地,不在说话现场。根据语境A项正确。
3. — Hello, may I speak to Miss Wang? ?? — Sorry, she isn’t in. She ________ the office. A. has been to ?B. has gone to?C. has been away 【答案】B
类型八、主动语态和被动语态的区分
【例8】—?When?________?America?__________?by?Columbus?【出处:21教育名师】
—?In?1492.
A.?is,?discovered.???B.?was,?discovered.??????C.?was,?discovering.????D.?was,?discover.??
【答案】B
【解析】
试题分析:句意:--哥伦布什么时间发现的美洲?--在1492年。根据回答的时间可知用过去时态。主语是动作的承受者,所以用被动语态,be done,故选B。
考点:考查一般过去时的被动语态。
【点睛】本题主要考查了被动语态的用法。要认真分析句子主语和谓语动词的关系,若主语是谓语动词所表动作的承受者,就要使用被动语态。
【举一反三】
1. — What’s your family rule, Sam?
— Well, I to go out with friends on school nights.
A. don’t allow B. isn’t allowed C. am not allowed D. not allow
【答案】C
【解析】
试题分析:句意:-你的家庭规则是什么,山姆?-好吧,在上学的晚上不允许我和朋友们外出。Be not allowed to do sth不被允许做某事,所以选C。
考点:考查被动语态。
2. – Will teachers _____ by computers in the future, Tony?
–Maybe yes, maybe no. But I’m sure we’ll learn from both of them.
A. have replaced B. are replacing C. are replaced D. be replaced
【答案】D
考点:考查动词语态。
3. --Mum, may I play computer games for a while?
--As soon as all your homework ______, you can.
A. will finish B. finish C. is finished D. will be finished
【答案】C
【解析】
试题分析:句意:--妈妈,我可以玩一会儿电脑吗?--你的作业全部被完成了,你就可以玩了。分析:考查被动语态的用法,as soon as引导时间状语从句,体现主将从现的原则(主句有情态动词时,也符合这一点。),因此主句用一般现在时的被动语态。故选C
考点:考查被动语态的用法。
课时作业☆能力提升
1. ---Look! The woman standing there is Mrs Green.
---It be Mrs Green, she has been to England.
A. may B.can C. can’t D. mustn’t  21*cnjy*com
【答案】C
【解析】
试题分析:句意:——看!那表站着的那个妇女是格林太太。——它不可能是格林太太,她去了英国。May可能,没有把握的推测; can可能,用于有把握的推测; can’t不可能,用于有把握的推测; mustn’t禁止,表示要求。根据she has been to England可知此处有根据证明格林太太不在,故有把握的推测。故选C。
考点:考查情态动词的用法。
2. ---_____the man there be our new teacher?
---- He ____be, but I’m not sure.
A. May, mustn’t B. Can, may C. Must, can’t D. Can, can’t
【答案】B
【解析】
试题分析:句意:-那里那个人可能是是我们的新老师?-他可能是,但我不确定。May可以;can能,会;must必须;can’t不可能; mustn’t禁止,不允许。本题选B。
考点:考查情态动词。
3. Look! There ____a new bridge. It ____ last month.
A. is, build B. was, built C. is, was built D. is, is built
【答案】C
【解析】
试题分析:句意:看!有一座新桥。它是上个月建的。根据语境可知第一空该用一般现在时,第二空该用一般过去时。It指代上文中的bridge,它是build这一动作的承受者该用被动语态。所以选C。
考点:考查动词时态与语态。
4. A football match ________ in our school next Monday.
A. will hold B. will be held C. is going to hold D. holds
【答案】B
【解析】
试题分析:句意:下周一我们学校将举行足球比赛。当主语是动作的承受者时,用被动语态。结合句意,故选B
考点:考查被动语态的用法。
5. The Olympics ________ every four years. And the 29th Olympics ________ in Beijing in 2008.
A. are taken place; take place B. take place; was held
C. hold; will be taken place D. are held; take place
【答案】B
考点:考查动词时态及语态。
6. ---Amy, do you know if Daniel_______ to the farm with us tomorrow if it_______?
---Sorry, I have no idea.
A. will go; will rain B. will go; rains C. goes; will rain D. goes; rains
【答案】B
【解析】
试题分析:句意:-艾米,你知道丹尼尔将会和我们一起去农场如果明天下雨?-抱歉,我不知道。if Daniel will go to the farm with us tomorrow if it rains.是if引导的宾语从句。明天去,用一般将来时。if it rains,是条件状语从句,主句用一般将来时,状语从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时。I have no idea,同义词I don’t know.根据对话的意思可知选B。
考点:考查动词时态。
7. --- Where’s Jenny?
--- I’m not sure. She ______ in the school library.
A. maybe B. must be C. may be D. will be
【答案】C
考点:考查情态动词的用法。
8. —We’ll make a trip to Hainan Island next weekend. Will you go with us?
—No, I can’t _____ it at present.
A. afford B. save C. offer D. accept
【答案】A
【解析】
试题分析:句意: -我们下周末去海南岛旅行。你跟我们一起去吗?-不,现在我负担不起那费用。afford负担得起;save?? vi.节省; 挽救;offer提供;accept接受。所以选A。
考点:考查动词辨析。
9. --Why did the teacher the boy? --Because he helped an old man.
A.punish B.praise
C.perform D.reflect
【答案】B
【解析】
试题分析:句意:----老师为什么赞扬了这个男孩?--因为他帮助了一位老人。A、punish 惩罚; B、praise 赞扬;C、perform 表演,执行;D、reflect反映。从答语中可以看出老师赞扬小孩的助人为乐行为,故选B。
考点:考查动词词义辨析。
10. --Must I go there right now?
--No ,you .They may go there later.
A.shouldn’t B.can’t
C.needn’t D.mustn’t
【答案】C
【解析】
试题分析:句意:--我现在必须去那儿吗?--不用,没必要。他们可能会晚点去。以must开头的疑问句,它的否定回答为needn’t/don’t have to; may的否定回答为 mustn’t。根据题意可知选C。
考点:考查情态动词。
11. The traffic in Jiayu _______ be terrible, but now it has improved a lot. I think you will ______ it soon.
A.use to; use to B.get used to; used to
C.used to; get used to D.get used to; use to
【答案】C
考点:考查动词短语。
12. She likes singing very much. We often hear her _______ songs after class.Last night, she was heard _______ an English song in her room.
A、sing; sing B、to sing; to sing C、singing; singing D、sing; to sing
【答案】D
【解析】
试题分析:句意:她很喜欢唱歌。我们经常听见她下了课唱歌。昨天晚上听见她在她房间里唱了一首英语歌。Hear sb do sth.听见某人干某事啦;be heard to do sth 某人被听见干某事啦。根据语义和语境故选D。
考点:考查动词短语和被动语态。
13. —Do you know who _______ the tomb of Emperor Qin and who _______ the mobile phone?
—No, but we may ask our teacher.
A.discovered; invented B.was discovered; was invented
C.invented; discovered D.was invented; was discovered
【答案】A
【解析】
试题分析:句意:——你知道谁发现的秦始皇的坟墓,谁发明的手机吗?——不知道。我们可以问我们的老师。Discovered 发现,原来有但没人发现; invented发明,原来世上没有,经过人的努力,创造出来的。根据语意故选A。
考点:考查动词。
14. ____ your things, Tom. Your room is in a mess.
A. Put on B. Put away C. Put off D. Put up
【答案】B
考点:考查动词短语。
15. –––Who is singing in the next room?
–––It_______ be Lucy. She has gone to Hong Kong.
A. needn’t B. must C. may not D. can’t
【答案】D
【解析】
试题分析:句意:--谁在隔壁房间里唱歌?--不可能是丽丽,她去香港了。must的语气最强,译为“一定,准是,想必是”;may(might) , could的语气最弱,译为“也许”、“可能”。 否定语气较强时,则用can’t译为“不可能”。结合句意,故选D。
考点:考查情态动词的用法。
16. It is possible that the murder _______ between 9 and 11 last night.
A. was happening B. had taken place C. took place D. had happened
【答案】C
【解析】
试题分析:句意:谋杀可能发生在昨天晚上九点到11点之间。take place 表示“发生、举行、举办”,一般指非偶然性事件的“发生”,即这种事件的发生一定有某种原因或事先的安排,happen作“发生、碰巧”解,一般用于偶然或突发性事件。根据时间状语last night可知这里应该用一般过去时,结合句意,故选C
考点:考查动词时态。
17. –––What’s wrong with you, Kitty? You look tired.
–––I ________ to prepare for the exam last night.
A. picked up B. woke up C. stayed up D. looked up
【答案】C
考点:考查动词短语辨析。
18. --When you to play the piano?
-- Three years ago.
A、have ;started B、will ;start
C、do; start D、did; start
【答案】D
【解析】
试题分析:句意:--你什么时候开始弹钢琴的?—三年前。时间段+ago 表示时间点,即自从某一时间点开始到现在,是过去式的标志。故选D。
考点:考查动词时态。
19. Their house last week and many things were lost.
A. was got into B. got into C. broke into D. was broken into
【答案】D
【解析】
试题分析:句意:上周他们家有人闯了进来,丢了很多东西,当主语是动作的承受者时,用被动语态。结合句意,故选D
考点:考查被动语态的用法。
20. --You should not to old people .It is not polite.
-- OK.I won’t do that again.
A.stand up B.look up
C.talk back D.look back
【答案】C
【解析】
试题分析:句意:--你不应该和老人顶嘴的。那不礼貌。--好吧,我不会再那样做了。A、stand up 起立; B、look up 向上看,仰视;C、talk back 顶嘴; D、look back 回顾。 根据题意可知选C。
考点:考查动词短语辨析。
21. –––I find it hard to Tom.
–––I don't think so. He is sometimes stubborn but he's kind.
A. go on with B. get along with C. come up with D. catch up with
【答案】B
考点:考查动词短语辨析。
22. Now more and more people ________ sending e-mails ________ letters.
A. prefer to; to writing B. prefer to; to write
C. prefer; to writing D. prefer; to write
【答案】C
【解析】
试题分析:句意:现在比起写信来越来越多的人更喜欢发电子邮件。prefer doing to doing。喜欢干某事胜过干某事。结合句意,故选C
考点:考查动词的用法。
23. Sally took a photo of her friends while they _________ computer games.
A. played B. are playing C. have played D. were playing
【答案】D
考点:考查过去进行时的用法。
24. As the train _______, we had to stay here for the night.
A. left B. had left C. was leaving D. leaves
【答案】B
【解析】
试题分析:句意:因为火车已经离开了,我们必须在这等一个晚上。过去完成时表示过去某一时间或动作以前已经发生或完成了的动作。它表示动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”。结合句意,故选B
考点:考查过去完成时。
25. He made up his mind to devote his life_______ pollution_______ happily.
A. to prevent; from live B. to prevent; from living
C. to preventing; from living D. to preventing; to live
【答案】D
【解析】
试题分析:句意:为了幸福地生活,他下决心把自己的生命奉献给阻止污染。A. to prevent; from live动词不定式,阻止;生活,介词短语;B. to prevent; from living动词不定式,阻止;生活,介词短语;C. to preventing; from living阻止;生活,介词短语;D. to preventing; to live阻止;生活;made up his mind,下决心;devote…to,把……奉献给;to为介词,后接名词,代词,动名词。
根据意思可知选D。
考点:考查非谓语动词。
26. 【2015年江苏省苏州市中考英语试题】I was tired out, so I stopped the car a short rest.
A. have B. having C. to have D. had
【答案】C
【解析】
试题分析:句意:我累坏了。因此我停车休息一下。停下来,做某事:stop the car to do sth.停车的目的是休息,用不定式作目的状语。这里不是stop sth doing sth阻止……做某事,不是阻止车停下来休息,很显然不符合语境,故选C。
【考点定位】考查非谓语动词。
27. 【2015年江苏省苏州市中考英语试题】— Has Jane done the washing yet?
— You cannot her to do such a thing.
A. want B. hope C. expect D. wish
【答案】C
【考点定位】考查动词辨析。
28. 【2015年广东省初中毕业生学业考试英语试题】--- Mum, shall we go to the beach tomorrow? ----- It ______ the weather.
A.carries on B.lives on C.depends on D.holds on
【答案】C
【解析】
试题分析:句意:--妈妈,明天我们去沙滩怎么样?--那取决于天气。A.carries on继续;B.lives on 以……为食;C.depends on取决于;D.holds on坚持。结合句意,故选C。
【考点定位】考查动词辨析。
29. 【贵州省安顺市2015年中考英语试题】—It’s too cold today. Would you mind the window? —Certainly not. Go ahead.
A. to close B. closing C. close D. closed
【答案】B
【解析】
试题分析:句意:--今天太冷了。你介意把窗户关上吗?--当然不介意。去关吧。mind doing,介意做某事。结合句意,故选B。
【考点定位】考查非谓语动词的用法。
30. 【2015年江苏省苏州市中考英语试题】— Where is Joan?
— She a novel in her study.
A. has read B. reads C. will read D. is reading
【答案】D
【考点定位】考查动词时态辨析。
31. 【2015年广东省初中毕业生学业考试英语试题】---- Have you heard of the song Little Apple?
---- Yes. It ______ every morning when aged people do square dancing downstairs. 【来源:21·世纪·教育·网】
A.is played B.plays C.was played D.played
【答案】A
【解析】
试题分析:句意:--你听说过《小苹果》这首歌吗?--是的,每天上午当上了年纪的人在楼下跳广场舞时都播放它。It(这里指小苹果这首歌曲)和动词play之间是动宾关系,所以用被动结构。根据every morning可知用一般现在时,故选A。
【考点定位】考查动词的被动语态。
32. 【广州市2015年初中毕业生学业考试英语试题】Many houses ______ by the earthquake and thousands of people were left homeless.
A. damaged B. were damaged C. were damaging D. are damaged 21cnjy.com
【答案】B
【解析】
试题分析:句意:很多房子都被地震毁坏了,成千上万的人无家可归。damaged毁坏,过去式;were damaged被毁坏,被动语态;were damaging正在毁坏,过去进行时态;are damaged被毁坏,一般现在时态的被动语态。根据句意和句中的thousands of people were left homeless可知,这里用的是一般过去时态,并且Many houses和damage构成被动关系,故应选B。
【考点定位】考查动词的时态和语态。
33. 【2015年安徽省初中毕业学业考试英语试题】 –Do you have any plans for this Sunday?
--I’m not sure. I ______ go to the countryside to see my grandmother.
A. can  B. must  C. may  D. need
【答案】C
【考点定位】考查情态动词。
34. 【湖南省娄底市2015年中考英语试题】—Must I clean the classroom now?
—No, you_______.
A. mustn’t B. can’t C. needn’t
【答案】C
【解析】
试题分析:句意:--我必须现在把教室打扫干净吗?--不,你不必。must I do …?的否定回答是No, you needn’t 或者 No , you don’t have to 。根据是否定回答,故选C。21*cnjy*com
【考点定位】考查情态动词的用法。
35. 【山东省泰安市2015年中考英语试题】Nowadays .all passengers go through safety check before take a train.
A. can B. may C. must D. will
【答案】C
【考点定位】考查情态动词辨析。