专题17 阅读理解（原卷版）
聚焦考点☆温习理解
初中英语阅读理解的解题技巧
阅读理解也是中考英语题的必考题目之一，本题型旨在考查学生阅读，理解的能力，几年来，中考英语题中的阅读理解材料新，题材丰富，考查学生综合推断能力，根据语篇猜单词意思的能力的力度加大，也考查学生关注细节的能力。所以学生往往要么没能正确理解语篇中某些句子的意思，在细节题上丢分，要么就是对语篇的整体把握不够，在综合题或者推断题方面丢分。那么到底怎么做好阅读理解这一题型呢？我将从以下三个方面谈论这个问题：
一、解题思路
（一）先读问题，弄清考查要点，以便能带着问题看文章，这样会心中有数，有的放矢。
（二）快速浏览全文，掌握全貌，注意发现与问题有关的信息，如果时间紧，至少要扫视一下起首段和尾段。再把标题和文章内容结合起来想一想，这样全文大意便清楚了。此时，不要忙于答题。
（三）细读原文，捕捉相关信息词，掌握短文细节内容。这是解题的关键，应特别注意以下几点：
1． 抓住四个"W"和一个"H"，就是边读边用铅笔做些标记，把What (事件)，When（时间），Where（地点），Why（原因），How（经过）划出来。抓住了四个“W”和一个“H”，就抓住了文章的全貌，一些直接性的问题便可解决。
2．抓住连接词及起关键作用的副词、代词、介词、插入语等。因为这些词具有因果，让步，递进，转折，指代，列举及承上启下等各种连接上下文的特殊功能。这对考生分清文章层次，辨明各种关系，了解人物心理，推断作者意图，进行逻辑推理等手段来分析难点，都具有举足轻重的作用。
3． 注意领会文章的寓意。
4．根据题意，初选答案。这一步须仔细审题，领会测试要求，确定解题方法。对那些明显的，有把握的题可以断然确定，不必把其余三个答案再作推敲而浪费时间：有些略难的题，应再查阅短文（不是重读一遍），迅速找出依据，予以排除。常用的解题方法有如下几种：
① 直接解题法。即从原文中直接找出答案。
② 归纳解题法。对于不能从原文中直接找出答案的可在把握全文中心和线索的前题下进行概括、归纳得出正确答案。【版权所有：21教育】
③ 综合推理法。读者需统观全文，认真分析，综合推理及至计算，最后归纳出正确答案。
题干中有"suggest, conclude, conclusion, probably, reason, because, according to“等字眼时，属于推断概括型，考查内容着眼于全篇，考生应具备一定的分析归纳，推理等逻辑思维能力。21教育名师原创作品
④ 捕捉关键词。在阅读时应该注意与问题相关的同义词，近义词，反义词或同位词等信息词来得出正确答案。
⑤ 转换解题法。即原文这么说，而在问题和所给选项中则用另外的词去转换一种说法，但仍表示同一含义。
⑥ 排除法。根据语言，句法结构，信息词和常识，在没有把握的选项中用排除法得出正确答案。
四、重读原文，仔细斟酌核对答案。在解完最后一道题后，如果时间允许，再将原文读一遍；用全文的主题思想统率各思考题，研究其内在联系和逻辑关系，目的在于对所做答案进一步审查，推出未解答的题，以便减少失误。
二、题型分类
初中英语阅读理解往往有以下三大题型，抓住它的解法和思路，就可以顺利做好这些题目：
（一）选择符合文章的选项
（二）判断正误
（三）根据文章内容回答问题，现今该题型归纳在任务型阅读中，此处不做详解。
中考英语阅读理解解题技巧阅读理解是中考英语试卷中的重头戏，是初中英语教学大纲的集中体现，而且占分比例较大，是应该极为重视的题型之一，英语要想拿高分，对阅读理解题目就一定不能忽视。中考中阅读理解的题材非常广泛，包括科普、社会、文化、政治、经济等；体裁多样，包括记叙文、说明文、应用文等，采用单项选择的考查形式，测试点集中，考查角度灵活。
那么，如何做好中考中的阅读理解呢﹖
第一、是要排除心理障碍，不要因为自身词汇量小，阅读文章中有较多的“拦路虎”，而对之望而生畏，造成紧张心理，导致越读越慌，越慌越难的窘境，从而影响正常的答题。对于阅读文章中的生词问题，我在后面会详细谈一下。
第二、忌不带问题阅读。要先看题干，弄清题目要求，带着问题有目的地进行阅读，这样就能把握方向，同时也可边阅读边选出考查表层情况问题的答案，提高阅读效率及答题的正确性。
第三、是要切忌一个词一个词割裂地理解，或将无关的词硬凑在一起理解，以致无法获取句子语义及特定语境中篇章的意义，造成信息流中断，曲解或偏离题意。
第四、是要善于抓关键句和主题句。文章的第一句或最后一句往往是文章或段落的关键句或主题句，对文章的理解起着重要的作用；同时要学会正确猜测词义，有机地联系上下文，读了上文，猜测下文，不要逐词翻译，造成前后脱节，缺乏语感，以致于理解错误。
第五，充分利用语篇中的文字或图表形式等基本信息，准确地捕捉关键事实和细节，进而归纳出主旨大意，领会全文的逻辑关系，弄清作者的写作意图等，进行推理判断，挖掘字里行间的深层内涵。
第六，完成选择时，看其是否与文中内容相矛盾，有无文中信息支持点，再有就是看它是否完全符合题目的要求；如果让你判断其标题的话，要看文章表达的是人还是事，从而推断其标题内容。所有的选项必须以文章为基础，不要随意发挥想像或联想。
第七，忌忽略时间。做阅读理解题时，一定要从整体上控制时间，时间分配根据文章的难易程度有别。文中一两处没弄懂的地方可以暂且放置一边，等把全部题做完后，再回头来处理。因为做完题后，你的心情相对放松了往往会产生新的思路、新的灵感。即使做完题后时间所剩无几了，你再把未处理的题猜测一下也不晚，因为你仍然有选对的可能性。
第八，良好的阅读习惯。这个要靠平时的培养。克服阅读时不必要的附带动作，如头部转动、用手指或铅笔逐个点词等等；避免朗读，人看的速度要比读快2倍，朗读必然影响阅读速度；不要逐词逐词地看，这样既影响速度又影响理解。正确的方法是头部不动，用眼睛去扫描，这样既能提高速度又能整句理解。
有很同学告诉我，他们最怕在阅读时碰到生词。接下来呢，我就想具体谈谈在阅读的时候，遇到一些生词该怎么办，一个人词汇量再大，在阅读英语文章时也难免会遇到生词，这就需要我们去猜测该词的词义。猜测词义可以通过上下文进行逻辑推理，也可通过语法进行分析判断，有时还要依靠常识和经验。考试的时候是不允许带字典的，出题的人在设计理解题时，设计者往往在四个选项中设计出一个似是而非的答案。这样答案干扰性特别强，容易迷惑考生。很多同学碰到了文章的生词，影响了阅读速度不说，头疼的是甚至于不能理解文章的本意，如果发现一个看似正确答案时就草率定案，自然而然也就在下面的答题不知该选哪一个，往往会掉进设计者设置的“陷阱”里,答错的几率自然增大。其实文章中大部分生词的意思都可以通过上下文的关系猜出来的，下面我就介绍一些猜词的技巧：
1.通过因果关系猜词
通过因果关系猜词，首先是找出生词与上下文之间的逻辑关系，然后才能猜词。有时文章借助关联词(如because，as，since，for，so，thus，as a result，of course，therefore等等)表示前因后果。例如：
You shouldn't have blamed him for that，for it wasn't his fault.通过for引出的句子所表示的原因(那不是他的错)，可猜出blame的词义是"责备"。
2.通过同义词和反义词的关系猜词
通过同义词猜词，一是要看由and或or连接的同义词词组，如happy and gay，即使我们不认识gay这个词，也可以知道它是愉快的意思；二是看在进一步解释的过程中使用的同义词，如Man has known something about the planets Venus，Mars，and Jupiter with the help of spaceships.此句中的Venus(金星)、Mars(火星)、Jupiter(木星)均为生词，但只要知道planets就可猜出这几个词都属于"行星"这一义域。通过反义词猜词，一是看表转折关系的连词或副词，如but，while，however等；二是看与not搭配的或表示否定意义的词语，如：He is so homely，not at all as handsome as his brother.根据not at all...handsome我们不难推测出homely的意思，即不英俊、不漂亮的意思。
3.通过构词法猜词
在阅读文章时，我们总会遇上一些新词汇，有时很难根据上下文来推断其词意，而它们对文章的理解又有着举足轻重的作用，此时，如掌握了一些常用的词根、前缀、后缀等语法知识，如前缀un-表反义词，如happy、unhappy，fair、unfair，important、unimportant等； 后缀- ment表名词，如develop、development，state、statement，argue、argument等； 后缀-er、-or或-ist表同源名词；如calculate、calculator，visit、visitor，law、lawyer，wait、waiter，sci- ence、scientist，art、artist等，这些问题便不难解决了。
通过定义或释义关系来推测词义
例如：But sometimes，no rain falls for a long，long time.Then there is a dry period，or drought. 从drought所在句子的上文我们得知很久不下雨，于是便有一段干旱的时期，即drought，由此可见drought意思为"久旱"，"旱灾"。而a dry period和drought是同义语。这种同义或释义关系常由is，or，that is，in other words，be called或破折号等来表示。21cnjy.com
5.通过句法功能来推测词义
例如：Bananas，oranges，pineapples，coconuts and some other kind of fruit grow in warm areas.假如pineapples和coconuts是生词，我们可以从这两个词在句中所处的位置来判断它们大致的意思。从句中不难看出pineapples，coconuts和bananas，oranges是同类关系，同属fruit类，因此它们是两样水果，准确地说，是菠萝和椰子。【出处：21教育名师】
6.通过描述猜词
描述即作者为帮助读者更深更感性地了解某人或某物而对该人或该物作出的外在相貌或内在特征的描写。例如：The penguin is a kind of sea bird living in the South Pole.It is fat and walks in a funny way.Although it cannot fly，it can swim in the icy water to catch the fish.从例句的描述中可以得知penguin是一种生活在南极的鸟类。后面更详尽地描述了该鸟类的生活习性。
名师点睛☆典例分类
【例1】
The Little Prince was written by a French pilot and writer Antoine de Saint—Exupery. It is one of the most famous books around the world. It was published in 1943. This story has been translated into 42 languages and was adapted(改编) into a movie.
The little prince lives on a small planet alone. He leads a happy life. One day the winds brings him a seed. The seed then turns into the loveliest flower he has ever seen. He takes good care of the flower, but finally he decides to leave it and his planet in search for a secret—the most important thing in his life.
During his journey in space, the little prince meets a king, a businessman, a lamplighter and a geographer. They all live alone on different planets. At last he finds out the secret from a fox of the Earth. Before he returns to his planet, he tells his secret to the writer of the book, whom he meets in the desert. The secret is: the power of love.
When you read this touching and sincere story of the little prince, you can’t help smiling and feeling the beauty of life and love in your heart.
56. Where did the writer of The Little Prince come from?
A. England B. France C. America D. Canada
57. After reading the passage, we can’t know______.
A. who wrote the book B. when the book was published
C. what is the book about D. who adapted the book into a movie
58．Who told the little prince the secret?
A. A fox. B. A king. C. A geographer. D. A businessman.
59. The underlined word “ touching” means “_______”in Chinese.
A. 无聊的 B. 感人的 C. 惊讶的 D. 失望的
60. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A. The story has been translated into 24 languages.21教育网
B. The secret is the power of knowledge.
C. The little prince met the writer of the book in the desert.
D. The king, the businessman, the lamplighter and the geographer live on the same planet.
【例2】
Samuel Osmond is a 19-year-old law student from Cornwall, England. He never studied the piano. However, he can play very difficult musical pieces by musicians such as Chopin and Beethoven just a few minutes after he hears them. He learns a piece of music by listening to it in parts. Then he thinks about the notes in his head. Two years ago, he played his first piece Moonlight Sonata（奏鸣曲）by Beethoven. He surprised everyone around him.
Amazed that he remembered this long and difficult piece of music and played it perfectly, his teachers say Samuel is unbelievable. They say his ability is very rare, but Samuel doesn’t even realize that what he can do is special. Samuel wanted to become a lawyer as it was the wish of his parents, but music teachers told him he should study music instead. Now, he studies law and music.
Samuel can’t understand why everyone is so surprised. “I grew up with music. My mother played the piano and my father played the guitar. About two years ago, I suddenly decided to start playing the piano, without being able to read music and without having any lessons. It comes easily to me ---I hear the notes and can bear them in mind---each and every note,” says Samuel.
Recently, Samuel performed a piece during a special event at his college. The piece had more than a thousand notes. The audience was impressed by his amazing performance. He is now learning a piece that is so difficult that many professional(专业的) pianists can’t play it. Samuel says confidently,” It’s all about super memory---I guess I have that gift.”
However, Samuel’s ability to remember things doesn’t stop with music. His family says that even when he was a young boy, Samuel heard someone read a story, and then he could retell the story word for word.
Samuel is still only a teenager. He doesn’t know what he wants to do in the future. For now, he is just happy to play beautiful music and continue his studies.
61. What is special about Samuel Osmond?
A. He has a gift for writing music. B. He can write down the note he hears.
C. He is a top student at the law school. D. He can play the musical piece he hears.
62. What can we learn from the passage?
A. Samuel chose law against the wish of his parents.
B. Samuel planned to be a lawyer rather than a musician.
C. Samuel thinks of himself as a man of great musical ability.
D. Samuel studies law and music on the advice of his teachers.
63. Everyone around Samuel was surprised because he _________.
A. received a good early education in music B. played the guitar and the piano perfectly
C. could play the piano without reading music D. could play the guitar better than his father
64. What can we infer(推断) about Samuel in Paragraph 4?
A. He became famous during a special event at his college.
B. He is proud of his ability to remember things accurately(精确地).
C. He plays the piano better than many professional pianists.
D. He impressed the audience by playing all the musical pieces.
65. Which of the following is the best title of the passage?
A. The Qualities of a Musician
B. The Story of a Musical Talent
C. The Importance of Early Education
D. The Relationship between Memory and Music.
【例3】
How do students spend their spare time after finishing their homework? Watch TV, play computer games, or go outside to relax? Here’s a good example.
Tim and Kerry Meek are both teachers. They live in the UK with their two daughters: eleven-year-old Amy and nine-year-old Ella. Recently, the Meek family has become the focus of the whole country after they completed 100 different outdoor activities in one year.
The Meek couple didn’t want their children to spend all their free time in front of the TV and become “couch tomatoes”. So about one year ago, the Meeks decided that watching TV and playing computer games were not permitted. Instead, they set 100 tasks for the two girls to do outside. Although Mr. and Mrs. Meek are not outdoor activity fans, they took part in all the activities to encourage their daughters. It turns out that the two sisters really had a good time joining activities.
Every holiday and weekend, whether it’s sunny, rainy or snowy, the Meeks’ would set off to try the activities on their list, including hiking, sailing, climbing, skiing, and so on. The two little girls not only had a wonderful time, but also learned a lot of skills from the activities. They were even able to stand up in front of their school to give a talk for charity. “Our friends spend a lot of their free time doing things which are harmful to their health. Luckily, we’ve had the chance to experience something different.” Amy and Ella also helped their parents to draw up a new list of challenges for the next 12 months.
So we should do more outdoor exercises to keep healthy in our spare time.21·世纪*教育网
71. What are Tim and Kerry Meek? (No more than 4 words.)
__________________________________________________________
72. Why did the Meeks become the focus of the UK? (No more than 10 words.)
__________________________________________________________
73. When did the Meeks go out to do the activities? (No more than 4 words.)
__________________________________________________________
74. What did the two little girls learn from the activities? (No more than 4 words.)
__________________________________________________________ 【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
75. What should we do to keep healthy in our spare time? (No more than 6 words.)
___________________________________________________________
课时作业☆能力提升
1. If you have no special plans for your holidays , why not spend your time helping others?
More and more young people in the US volunteer to spend their school holidays working for others. And they don’t do it for money . Here are some of their stories.
Alice Hamilton, 17
I’m going to help the forest Center build new hiking paths in the mountains. It’s going to be terrific . I will spend the whole summer living in a tent and breathing the fresh mountain air. I’m going to sleep under the stars . It will be a nice sport , and I will be able to do something good at the same time!
Jason Moore , 18
This summer , I’ll volunteer with Special House Program. They build good , low-cost houses and sell them to the poor . They’ll teach me what to do , so I am going to help people and also have a chance to learn how to build houses.
Trish Anderson , 16
I’m going to teach children choose and read books that they like . I want to be a teacher . Every day , I’m going to help children choose and read books that they like . I want to be a teacher , and I love children and reading , so this is going to be a great experience for me .
31. What does Alice volunteer to do in summer ?
A. To sleep under the stars . B. To help build new hiking paths in the mountains .
C. To be house designer. D. To spend the whole summer living in a tent .www-2-1-cnjy-com
32.From the passage , we know that Jason Moore . 【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
A. is 18 years old B. likes reading C. isn’t very rich D. likes children
33 wants to be a teacher .
Alice Hamilton B. Jason Moore C. Trish Anderson D. The writer
2．What is “American” food ? To many people , American food means hamburgers, hot dogs , and fried chicken . However , are those the only kinds of food in the U.S.?
Except for Thanksgiving turkey , it’s hard to find a typical “American” food . The United States is a land of immigrants（移民) . When people move to America , they bring their cooking styles with them . So Americans eat food from many different countries. That’s why you can find almost all kinds of ethnic (异国风味的) food in America, such as Italian pizza , Mexican tacos (墨西哥饼) and Chinese fried rolls. But they don’t taste quite like the real taste of the food .
As a large country-style cooking, take a trip to New England and try seafood dishes , and travel through the Midwest for baked food.
Now Americans live at a fast speed and often have some fast food. One of the most common quick American meals is sandwiches . Some Americans also choose to eat unhealthy food, but others prefer “all natural” eating habits. They refuse to eat any food with additives(添加剂).
American culture is a good example of the saying : “You are what you eat.” The different kinds of food show the different kinds of personal taste . Anyway , it’s all American.
37. Which food is mentioned in the passage ？
① hamburgers ② pan cakes ③ turkey ④ Chinese fried rolls ⑤ Italian noodles
A. ①②③ B.①③④ C. ②④⑤ D. ③④⑤
38. The saying “You are what you eat” means .
A. 入乡随俗 B. 想吃就吃 C. 食如其人 D. 你吃你的
39. People can find almost kinds of ethnic food in America because .
A. America has many foods from different countries
B. the United States is a land of immigrants
C. America is a large country
D. America has many foreign food factories
40. From the passage , we know that .
A. the typical “American” food is American fast food
B. the style of food in South America is baked food
C. all the Americans like to eat natural food
D. it is hard to find a typical “American” food
3．Last Tuesday, after doing all the family shopping in town, I wanted to have a rest before catching the train. So I bought a newspaper and some chocolate and went into a station coffee shop with long tables to sit at. I put my heavy bag down on the floor, put the newspaper and chocolate on the table to keep a place, and went to get a cup of coffee.
When I came back with my coffee, there was someone sitting near to me. It was one of those strange-looking young men, with dark glasses, torn clothes, and long hair. But I wasn't surprised at such a young man. What surprised me most was that he had started to eat my chocolate!
I was rather uneasy about him, but I didn't want to get into trouble. I just looked down at the front page of the newspaper and took a bit of chocolate. The boy looked at me. Then he took a second piece of my chocolate. I could hardly believe it. Still I didn't say anything. When he took a third one, I felt more angry than uneasy. I thought, "Well, I shall have the last piece." And I got it.
The boy gave me a strange look and then stood up. As he left, he shouted out, "This woman is crazy!" Everyone looked at me. That was embarrassing（令人难堪） enough. But it was worse when I finished my coffee and ready to leave. It wasn't my chocolate I had eaten a moment before. Mine was just under my newspaper.
34. The woman telling the story went to town to_______.
A. catch the train
B. buy some chocolate and coffee
C. have a rest
D. do some shopping for her family
35. The woman was not happy because_______.
A. the train was late
B. she was afraid of the young man
C. she thought the chocolate was hers
D. she couldn't find her coffee
36. According to the story, who got angry at last?
A. The young man B. The woman C. Neither of them D. Both of them
37. The woman found she had made a mistake
A. just after she saw the young man next to her
B. when the young man was leaving
C. after she finished reading her newspaper
D. right before she was about to leave the coffee shop
4．Americans love to drive. They have drive-in movie theaters, drive-through restaurants and driving vacations. It’s often called the “Great American Road Trip”: Your whole family gets into a van or recreational vehicle (RV, 旅行房车), and hits the road for a summertime trip across the country.
American cars are always big, but RVs are the biggest. These are houses on wheels. RVs have kitchens, bathrooms and bedrooms. All across the country you can find RV parks – places to park your RV and spend the night. And, if you can’t find one, you can always make your home in a grocery store parking lot.
As big as RVs are, they still seem very small to a family who has to spend every hour of every day together. With your little brother kicking you in the face all night in your tiny bed under the table, the dog barking and Mom playing her country music on the radio, your family is not at its best.
What’s worse, RVs are always breaking down. So it’s possible to spend a lot of time watching dad under the RV on the side of a dusty road.
But RV travel can be a great time with the family, too. You can see the country in the comfort of your own “home”. You can spend every night in a different, natural and beautiful place, or just stay where you are. You don’t have to pay for hotels or restaurants, only gas. But, best of all, you are free to go wherever you want at any time in your home-away-from-home.
38. RVs have the following EXCEPT____.
A. Bathrooms B. Bedrooms C. Kitchens D. Gardens
39. Why do American people like to travel in RVs?
A. Because RVs can go faster than other cars.
B. Because they can listen to music on the radio.
C. Because RVs never break down on the road.
D. Because it’s like traveling in their own home.
40. If you travel in RVs, you only have to pay for____.
A. Hotels. B. Gas. C. Food. D. Drinks.
41. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A. Traveling in RVs is more expensive than living in hotels.
B. RVs are big enough for families traveling together.
C. It is not difficult to find parking places for RVs and spend the night.
D. It is less fun to travel in RVs than to stay in hotels.
5．I came to study in the USA a year ago. Yet I did not know the real American society until I injured (伤害) in an accident, because after the accident I had to see a doctor --- and to court (法院).
After the accident, my roommate called a doctor for me. I was very grateful and decided to repay him one day. But the next day, he asked me to pay him $ 200 for what he had done. I was very surprised. He had good reason to charge me, he said. And if I wanted to collect money from the person who was responsible (负责) for my injury. I’d have to have a good lawyer (律师). And only a good doctor can help me get a good lawyer. Now that he had helped me find a good doctor, it was only fair that I should pay him.
But every time I went to see the doctor, I had to wait about 50 minutes. He would see two or three patients at the same time, and often stop treating one so as to see another, yet he charged me $ 115 each time. The final examination report consisted of ten lines, and it cost me $ 215.
My lawyer knew very well the other party was responsible for the accident, yet he hardly did anything. He simply waited to collect his money. He was so irresponsible that I decided not to ask for him again. And he made me pay him $ 770.
Now I had to act as my own lawyer. Because of my inexperience, I told the insurance company (保险公司)the date I was leaving America. Knowing that, they played for time, and I left without getting a cent.
My experiences taught me two things about America: firstly, in a country like America money is everything. It is more important than friendship or honor. Secondly, foreigners are still being unfairly treated. So when we talk about America, we should see both its good and bad sides.
42. The writer’s roommate offered to help him because ______.
A. he thought it was a chance to make some money
B. he felt sorry for the writer
C. he knew the doctor was a very good one
D. he wanted the writer to have a good lawyer
43. A good doctor is necessary for the writer to ______.
A. be properly treated
B. talk with the person responsible for the accident
C. become healthy before he leaves America
D. finally get the responsible party to pay for his injury
44. The word “charge” in this passage means “______”.
A. be responsible B. be careful C. ask as a price D. get an answer
45. What can you get from the story?
A. Going to court is something very common in America.
B. Money is more important than other things in the USA.
C. There are more bad sides in America than good sides.
D. One must be very careful while driving a car.
6．What to Bring When Visiting Lijiang of Yunnan
Welcome to Lijiang．Lijiang is a nice place to visit．If you visit Lijiang，you’d better do as the following．
Needs
Reasons
Hat and sunglasses
The Lijiang’s sun can be quite shiny even during winter，so remember to bring a hat and sunglasses．
Raincoat or umbrella
It’s hard for us to know Lijiang’s weather，so it is necessary to bring an umbrella or a raincoat to Lijiang，even if it is sunny．
Water
A day in Lijiang you may be very thirsty，so make sure that you bring a bottle of water with you．
Camera
There will be lots of chances to take photos on your visit to Lijiang，so make sure to bring your camera．Don’t forget to bring more batteries so that you won’t miss anything!
Watch
There are many sights and gift shops in Lijiang．Bring a watch，so you can arrange（安排）your time．
46．According to the passage，what things do you NOT have to bring when you visit Lijiang?
A．A bottle of water． B．A watch． C．Batteries． D．An mp4．
47．What’s the weather like in Lijiang?
A．It’s warm． B． It’s hot． C．It changes a lot． D．It’s rainy．
48．Why do you need to bring fl watch when you visit Lijiang?www.21-cn-jy.com
A．Because you must go back home on time．
B．Because you can use your time better．
C．Because you will look cool with a watch．
D．Because you will feel free．
49．Which statement is NOT TRUE according to the passage?
A．You don’t have to bring an umbrella or a raincoat to Lijiang when it is sunny．
B．You should bring a bottle of water so that you won’t be thirsty．
C．You often wear sunglasses and a hat in Lijiang because the sun is too bright．
D．You should bring more batteries so that you can take more interesting pictures．
50．What kind of passage is it?
A．A story． B．An ad． C．A diary． D．A letter．
7．The designer of the Apple Computer，Steve Jobs，was not quite successful in his early years．He was not among the best students at school，and from time to time he got into trouble with either his schoolmates or his teachers．But he was full of new ideas，which few people saw the value of．Things remained the same when he went up to college and he dropped out halfway．
Steve Jobs worked first as a video game designer at Atari．He worked there for only a few months and then he set out to tour India．He hoped that the trip would give him more ideas and give him fl change in life for the better．
After he returned from India，he began to live on a farm in California．And then，in l975，Steve Jobs set about making a new type of computer．Along with his friend Stephen Wozniak，he designed the Apple Computer in his bedroom and built it in his garage（车库）．He gave the name “Apple” because it reminded him of a happy summer he once spent on an orchard（果园）in Oregon．
His Apple Computer was so successful that Steve Jobs soon became worldwide famous．But unluckily，he died of illness in 2012．
51．Steve Jobs ________ when he was in schoo1．
A．was an outstanding student B．didn’t do very well
C．was always praised by others D．didn’t learn anything
52．The underlined word “value” means _______．
A．beauty B．chance C．importance D．hope
53．Steve Jobs _________．
A．received excellent college education
B．didn’t go to college at all
C．studied in college for 4 years
D．didn’t finish his college education
54．Steve Jobs named his computer company “Apple” because _______．
A．apple was his favorite fruit
B．he designed the computer under an apple tree
C．he wanted to remember the happy time on the orchard
D．the computer was designed on the orchard
55．Steve Job’s ______ would be the most important thing for his lifetime success．
A．“failure” in school B．new ideas
C．travel on India D．stay on the orchard
8．Maybe you have seen this in schools：some students are studying nearly all the time but they just pass their exams，while some others may spend much less time on their books but do much better in exams．How could this happen? People used to think that hard work is the only way to success．But now they have understood that smart work can make them succeed，too． 2·1·c·n·j·y
Hard workers don’t mind working for long hours，while smart workers always think of several different answers to these question，“Why should I suffer this?” “Isn’t there a better way to do this?” Thanks to these people，we can use computers instead of the abacus now．Progress in every field is the direct result of “try to find a better way” by smart workers． 21*cnjy*com
There was a large soap factory in Japan．Once it received an unusual letter from someone who complained that there was no soap in the soapbox he bought．
How could empty soapboxes go out of the factory? The engineers checked the producing and packing．The producing was fine，but in about one in ten thousand cases, the packing machine（机器）let an empty soapbox go．There was no need to spend a lot of money repairing the machine for such a small problem．The engineer soon worked out a solution, he put a huge X-ray machine and two large computers to find out the empty soapboxes．After teaching the workers how to use it，he sat down in his seat，exhausted．
“Sir，we could have solved the problems in a much simpler and cheaper way，”a worker said．“Really? How?”
“We can put a huge fan near the packing machine．The wind coming from the fan will blow away the empty boxes。leaving the other boxes with soap．”
See，this is smart work．In order to succeed，we should not only work hard like the engineer，but also think smart like this worker．
56．Some students spend less time on schoolwork but do better in exams _____．
A．because of their hard work
B．because of different education
C．because they try to find a better way
D．because they study for a much longer time
57．Someone wrote to the soap factory and complained that ________．
A．the soapbox he bought was empty
B．their soap was too expensive
C．the soap he bought was terrible
D．their service was very bad
58．The soap factory could only ______ near the packing machine to solve the problems in a much simpler and cheaper way．
A．set some soapboxes B．set an X-ray machine
C．put two large computers D．put a huge fan
59．The phrase “blow away” in the passage means“_______”．
A．停止 B．远离 C．吹走 D．逃脱
60．The article mainly tells us we should ______ in order to succeed．
A．work hard for long hours and study all the time
B．work hard like the engineer and think smart like the worker
C．spend much less time on our schoolwork than before
D．spend enough money repairing the machine for any problem
9．Daniel wakes up in the morning and collects his post.
There’s a letter for him with a picture of a sick horse. It’s from a charity(慈善机构), asking him to give money to help save the animals. The doorbell rings and there is an old woman outside . She is asking for money to help old people. When he turns on the TV, he hears sad music and sees a picture of a poor child who is dying of hunger in Africa. He knows those poor children need money. He is always ready to help those in trouble.
In May 2003, Yao Ming, a basketball star, held a TV show in Shanghai and he collected ＄300, 000 to help scientists with medical research.“We must do something to help our country at this difficult time.”he said.
People such as Daniel and Yao feel good about helping others with money.
根据短文内容, 判断正(T)误(F)。
41.Daniel always collects letters in the evening.
42.Daniel often looks after a sick horse.
43.Yao Ming is kind and helpful.
44.Many people such as Daniel and Yao like helping others with money.
45.This passage is mainly about charity.
10．A teenage girl couldn’t stand her parents’ family rules, so she left home.
She wanted to be famous. But she had poor education and several years later she had to ask for food on the street for a living. Now her father has died. Her mother is an old woman. But she is still looking for her daughter. She has been to every corner of the city. Everywhere she goes, she puts up a big photo of herself on the wall. At the lower part of the photo she writes,“I still love you . . . , come back home!”
One day, the daughter saw one of the photos. The face was familiar. “Is that my mother?” she moved closer and read the words“I still love you ...”She cried. When she got home, it was early morning. She knocked on the door. The door opened itself. She rushed to her mother’s bedroom. Her mother was sleeping. She woke her mother up,“It’s me! Your daughter is back home!” The mother and daughter held each other, full of happy tears. The daughter asked, “Why is the door not locked? A thief could get in.”The mother answered softly,“The door has never been locked since you left.”
The door of parents’ love for their children will never be closed.
根据短文内容, 回答下列问题。
46.Why did the girl leave home?
__________________________________________________21世纪教育网版权所有
47.Why couldn’t the girl be famous?
__________________________________________________
48.Has her mother given up looking for her?
__________________________________________________
49.What was the mother doing when the girl came back home that morning?
__________________________________________________
50.把文中画线的句子翻译成汉语。
11．There was a boy and his family was very rich. One day his father took him on a trip to a place. He wanted to show his son how poor people were there. They spent several days on a farm. There were many poor families living on the farm.
On their way home, the father asked the son, “How was the trip?” “It was great, Dad,” the son answered. “Did you notice how poor people were there?” asked his father. “Oh, yes,” said the son. “So, tell me,” said his father. The son said, “Well, we have one dog and they have four. We have a pool in our garden, while they have a river that has no end. We have expensive lanterns (灯), but they have stars above their heads at night. We have only a small piece of land to live on, while they have the endless fields. We buy our food, but they grow theirs. We have high walls around our houses to protect us, but they don’t need walls, because their friends will protect them.”
The father had nothing to say. Then the boy added, “Thank you, Dad, for letting me see how poor we are.”
51. The father wanted to show his son ________.
A. how people on the farm worked B. how poor people were on the farm21·cn·jy·com
C. how beautiful the farm was D. how far it was from the city to the farm
52. How often did they go to the farm?
A. Once a week. B. Twice a month. C. Every year. D. The writer doesn’t tell us.
53. When the father asked the son how the trip was, the son thought it ________.
A. great B. tiring C. terrible D. boring
54. According to the boy, people on the farm can see ________ at night.
A. expensive lanterns B. a lot of cars C. stars above their heads D. many horses
55. Which of the following is TRUE, according to the passage?
A. The boy was from a very poor family.
B. The father and the son spent several weeks on a farm.
C. People on the farm have high walls around their houses.
D. The boy thought that people on the farm lived a happy life.
12. To us, it seems so natural to put up an umbrella to keep the water off when it rains. But in fact the umbrella was not invented as protection against the rain. Its first use was as a shade(遮蔽)against the sun.
Nobody knows who first invented it, but the umbrella was used in very ancient times. Probably the first to use it were the Chinese, back in the eleventh century BC.
We know that the umbrella was used in ancient Egypt and Babylon as a sunshade. And there was a strange thing connected with its use : it became a symbol of honor and power(权力). In the Far East in ancient times, the umbrella was allowed to be used only by those in high office or by royal people such as the kings or queens.
In Europe, the Greeks were the first to use the umbrella as a sunshade. The umbrella was in common use in ancient Greece, but it is believed that the first people in Europe to use the umbrella as protection against the rain were the ancient Romans. During the middle ages in Europe, the use of the umbrella almost disappeared. Then it appeared again in Italy in the late sixteenth century. And again it became a symbol of power.
Umbrellas have not changed much in style during all this time, though they have become much lighter in weight. It wasn't until the twentieth century that the umbrellas for women began to be made in all kinds of colors.
56. According to this passage, the umbrella was probably first invented in ancient_______.
A．China B．Egypt C．Greece D．Rome
57. Which of the following statements is not true about the umbrella?2-1-c-n-j-y
A．No one exactly knows who the inventor of the umbrella was21*cnjy*com
B．The umbrella was first invented to be used as protection against the sun.
C．The umbrella changed much in style in the eighteenth century
D．In Europe, the Greeks were the first to use the umbrella as a sunshade.
58. A strange feature of the umbrella’s use is that it was used as__________.
A．protection against rain B．a symbol of honor and power
C．a shade against the sun D．women’s decoration
59. In Europe, the umbrella was first used against the rain_______________.
A．during the Middle Ages B．in Rome C．by the 18th D．in Greece
60. This passage talks mainly about_______________.
A．when and how the umbrella was invented
B．why the umbrella was so popular in Europe
C．the development of the umbrella
D．The history and use of the umbrella
专题17 阅读理解（解析版）
聚焦考点☆温习理解
初中英语阅读理解的解题技巧
阅读理解也是中考英语题的必考题目之一，本题型旨在考查学生阅读，理解的能力，几年来，中考英语题中的阅读理解材料新，题材丰富，考查学生综合推断能力，根据语篇猜单词意思的能力的力度加大，也考查学生关注细节的能力。所以学生往往要么没能正确理解语篇中某些句子的意思，在细节题上丢分，要么就是对语篇的整体把握不够，在综合题或者推断题方面丢分。那么到底怎么做好阅读理解这一题型呢？我将从以下三个方面谈论这个问题：2·1·c·n·j·y
一、解题思路
（一）先读问题，弄清考查要点，以便能带着问题看文章，这样会心中有数，有的放矢。
（二）快速浏览全文，掌握全貌，注意发现与问题有关的信息，如果时间紧，至少要扫视一下起首段和尾段。再把标题和文章内容结合起来想一想，这样全文大意便清楚了。此时，不要忙于答题。
（三）细读原文，捕捉相关信息词，掌握短文细节内容。这是解题的关键，应特别注意以下几点：
1． 抓住四个"W"和一个"H"，就是边读边用铅笔做些标记，把What (事件)，When（时间），Where（地点），Why（原因），How（经过）划出来。抓住了四个“W”和一个“H”，就抓住了文章的全貌，一些直接性的问题便可解决。【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
2．抓住连接词及起关键作用的副词、代词、介词、插入语等。因为这些词具有因果，让步，递进，转折，指代，列举及承上启下等各种连接上下文的特殊功能。这对考生分清文章层次，辨明各种关系，了解人物心理，推断作者意图，进行逻辑推理等手段来分析难点，都具有举足轻重的作用。
3． 注意领会文章的寓意。
4．根据题意，初选答案。这一步须仔细审题，领会测试要求，确定解题方法。对那些明显的，有把握的题可以断然确定，不必把其余三个答案再作推敲而浪费时间：有些略难的题，应再查阅短文（不是重读一遍），迅速找出依据，予以排除。常用的解题方法有如下几种：
① 直接解题法。即从原文中直接找出答案。
② 归纳解题法。对于不能从原文中直接找出答案的可在把握全文中心和线索的前题下进行概括、归纳得出正确答案。
③ 综合推理法。读者需统观全文，认真分析，综合推理及至计算，最后归纳出正确答案。
题干中有"suggest, conclude, conclusion, probably, reason, because, according to“等字眼时，属于推断概括型，考查内容着眼于全篇，考生应具备一定的分析归纳，推理等逻辑思维能力。
④ 捕捉关键词。在阅读时应该注意与问题相关的同义词，近义词，反义词或同位词等信息词来得出正确答案。
⑤ 转换解题法。即原文这么说，而在问题和所给选项中则用另外的词去转换一种说法，但仍表示同一含义。
⑥ 排除法。根据语言，句法结构，信息词和常识，在没有把握的选项中用排除法得出正确答案。
四、重读原文，仔细斟酌核对答案。在解完最后一道题后，如果时间允许，再将原文读一遍；用全文的主题思想统率各思考题，研究其内在联系和逻辑关系，目的在于对所做答案进一步审查，推出未解答的题，以便减少失误。
二、题型分类
初中英语阅读理解往往有以下三大题型，抓住它的解法和思路，就可以顺利做好这些题目：
（一）选择符合文章的选项
（二）判断正误
（三）根据文章内容回答问题，现今该题型归纳在任务型阅读中，此处不做详解。
中考英语阅读理解解题技巧阅读理解是中考英语试卷中的重头戏，是初中英语教学大纲的集中体现，而且占分比例较大，是应该极为重视的题型之一，英语要想拿高分，对阅读理解题目就一定不能忽视。中考中阅读理解的题材非常广泛，包括科普、社会、文化、政治、经济等；体裁多样，包括记叙文、说明文、应用文等，采用单项选择的考查形式，测试点集中，考查角度灵活。
那么，如何做好中考中的阅读理解呢﹖
第一、是要排除心理障碍，不要因为自身词汇量小，阅读文章中有较多的“拦路虎”，而对之望而生畏，造成紧张心理，导致越读越慌，越慌越难的窘境，从而影响正常的答题。对于阅读文章中的生词问题，我在后面会详细谈一下。
第二、忌不带问题阅读。要先看题干，弄清题目要求，带着问题有目的地进行阅读，这样就能把握方向，同时也可边阅读边选出考查表层情况问题的答案，提高阅读效率及答题的正确性。
第三、是要切忌一个词一个词割裂地理解，或将无关的词硬凑在一起理解，以致无法获取句子语义及特定语境中篇章的意义，造成信息流中断，曲解或偏离题意。21教育名师原创作品
第四、是要善于抓关键句和主题句。文章的第一句或最后一句往往是文章或段落的关键句或主题句，对文章的理解起着重要的作用；同时要学会正确猜测词义，有机地联系上下文，读了上文，猜测下文，不要逐词翻译，造成前后脱节，缺乏语感，以致于理解错误。
第五，充分利用语篇中的文字或图表形式等基本信息，准确地捕捉关键事实和细节，进而归纳出主旨大意，领会全文的逻辑关系，弄清作者的写作意图等，进行推理判断，挖掘字里行间的深层内涵。
第六，完成选择时，看其是否与文中内容相矛盾，有无文中信息支持点，再有就是看它是否完全符合题目的要求；如果让你判断其标题的话，要看文章表达的是人还是事，从而推断其标题内容。所有的选项必须以文章为基础，不要随意发挥想像或联想。
第七，忌忽略时间。做阅读理解题时，一定要从整体上控制时间，时间分配根据文章的难易程度有别。文中一两处没弄懂的地方可以暂且放置一边，等把全部题做完后，再回头来处理。因为做完题后，你的心情相对放松了往往会产生新的思路、新的灵感。即使做完题后时间所剩无几了，你再把未处理的题猜测一下也不晚，因为你仍然有选对的可能性。
第八，良好的阅读习惯。这个要靠平时的培养。克服阅读时不必要的附带动作，如头部转动、用手指或铅笔逐个点词等等；避免朗读，人看的速度要比读快2倍，朗读必然影响阅读速度；不要逐词逐词地看，这样既影响速度又影响理解。正确的方法是头部不动，用眼睛去扫描，这样既能提高速度又能整句理解。
有很同学告诉我，他们最怕在阅读时碰到生词。接下来呢，我就想具体谈谈在阅读的时候，遇到一些生词该怎么办，一个人词汇量再大，在阅读英语文章时也难免会遇到生词，这就需要我们去猜测该词的词义。猜测词义可以通过上下文进行逻辑推理，也可通过语法进行分析判断，有时还要依靠常识和经验。考试的时候是不允许带字典的，出题的人在设计理解题时，设计者往往在四个选项中设计出一个似是而非的答案。这样答案干扰性特别强，容易迷惑考生。很多同学碰到了文章的生词，影响了阅读速度不说，头疼的是甚至于不能理解文章的本意，如果发现一个看似正确答案时就草率定案，自然而然也就在下面的答题不知该选哪一个，往往会掉进设计者设置的“陷阱”里,答错的几率自然增大。其实文章中大部分生词的意思都可以通过上下文的关系猜出来的，下面我就介绍一些猜词的技巧：
1.通过因果关系猜词
通过因果关系猜词，首先是找出生词与上下文之间的逻辑关系，然后才能猜词。有时文章借助关联词(如because，as，since，for，so，thus，as a result，of course，therefore等等)表示前因后果。例如：
You shouldn't have blamed him for that，for it wasn't his fault.通过for引出的句子所表示的原因(那不是他的错)，可猜出blame的词义是"责备"。
2.通过同义词和反义词的关系猜词
通过同义词猜词，一是要看由and或or连接的同义词词组，如happy and gay，即使我们不认识gay这个词，也可以知道它是愉快的意思；二是看在进一步解释的过程中使用的同义词，如Man has known something about the planets Venus，Mars，and Jupiter with the help of spaceships.此句中的Venus(金星)、Mars(火星)、Jupiter(木星)均为生词，但只要知道planets就可猜出这几个词都属于"行星"这一义域。通过反义词猜词，一是看表转折关系的连词或副词，如but，while，however等；二是看与not搭配的或表示否定意义的词语，如：He is so homely，not at all as handsome as his brother.根据not at all...handsome我们不难推测出homely的意思，即不英俊、不漂亮的意思。
3.通过构词法猜词
在阅读文章时，我们总会遇上一些新词汇，有时很难根据上下文来推断其词意，而它们对文章的理解又有着举足轻重的作用，此时，如掌握了一些常用的词根、前缀、后缀等语法知识，如前缀un-表反义词，如happy、unhappy，fair、unfair，important、unimportant等； 后缀- ment表名词，如develop、development，state、statement，argue、argument等； 后缀-er、-or或-ist表同源名词；如calculate、calculator，visit、visitor，law、lawyer，wait、waiter，sci- ence、scientist，art、artist等，这些问题便不难解决了。
通过定义或释义关系来推测词义
例如：But sometimes，no rain falls for a long，long time.Then there is a dry period，or drought. 从drought所在句子的上文我们得知很久不下雨，于是便有一段干旱的时期，即drought，由此可见drought意思为"久旱"，"旱灾"。而a dry period和drought是同义语。这种同义或释义关系常由is，or，that is，in other words，be called或破折号等来表示。
5.通过句法功能来推测词义
例如：Bananas，oranges，pineapples，coconuts and some other kind of fruit grow in warm areas.假如pineapples和coconuts是生词，我们可以从这两个词在句中所处的位置来判断它们大致的意思。从句中不难看出pineapples，coconuts和bananas，oranges是同类关系，同属fruit类，因此它们是两样水果，准确地说，是菠萝和椰子。
6.通过描述猜词
描述即作者为帮助读者更深更感性地了解某人或某物而对该人或该物作出的外在相貌或内在特征的描写。例如：The penguin is a kind of sea bird living in the South Pole.It is fat and walks in a funny way.Although it cannot fly，it can swim in the icy water to catch the fish.从例句的描述中可以得知penguin是一种生活在南极的鸟类。后面更详尽地描述了该鸟类的生活习性。
名师点睛☆典例分类
【例1】
The Little Prince was written by a French pilot and writer Antoine de Saint—Exupery. It is one of the most famous books around the world. It was published in 1943. This story has been translated into 42 languages and was adapted(改编) into a movie.
The little prince lives on a small planet alone. He leads a happy life. One day the winds brings him a seed. The seed then turns into the loveliest flower he has ever seen. He takes good care of the flower, but finally he decides to leave it and his planet in search for a secret—the most important thing in his life.
During his journey in space, the little prince meets a king, a businessman, a lamplighter and a geographer. They all live alone on different planets. At last he finds out the secret from a fox of the Earth. Before he returns to his planet, he tells his secret to the writer of the book, whom he meets in the desert. The secret is: the power of love.
When you read this touching and sincere story of the little prince, you can’t help smiling and feeling the beauty of life and love in your heart.
56. Where did the writer of The Little Prince come from?
A. England B. France C. America D. Canada
57. After reading the passage, we can’t know______.
A. who wrote the book B. when the book was published
C. what is the book about D. who adapted the book into a movie
58．Who told the little prince the secret?
A. A fox. B. A king. C. A geographer. D. A businessman.
59. The underlined word “ touching” means “_______”in Chinese.
A. 无聊的 B. 感人的 C. 惊讶的 D. 失望的
60. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A. The story has been translated into 24 languages.
B. The secret is the power of knowledge.
C. The little prince met the writer of the book in the desert.
D. The king, the businessman, the lamplighter and the geographer live on the same planet.
【答案】
56.B
57.D
58.A
59.B
60.C
考点：故事类阅读。
【例2】
Samuel Osmond is a 19-year-old law student from Cornwall, England. He never studied the piano. However, he can play very difficult musical pieces by musicians such as Chopin and Beethoven just a few minutes after he hears them. He learns a piece of music by listening to it in parts. Then he thinks about the notes in his head. Two years ago, he played his first piece Moonlight Sonata（奏鸣曲）by Beethoven. He surprised everyone around him.
Amazed that he remembered this long and difficult piece of music and played it perfectly, his teachers say Samuel is unbelievable. They say his ability is very rare, but Samuel doesn’t even realize that what he can do is special. Samuel wanted to become a lawyer as it was the wish of his parents, but music teachers told him he should study music instead. Now, he studies law and music.
Samuel can’t understand why everyone is so surprised. “I grew up with music. My mother played the piano and my father played the guitar. About two years ago, I suddenly decided to start playing the piano, without being able to read music and without having any lessons. It comes easily to me ---I hear the notes and can bear them in mind---each and every note,” says Samuel.
Recently, Samuel performed a piece during a special event at his college. The piece had more than a thousand notes. The audience was impressed by his amazing performance. He is now learning a piece that is so difficult that many professional(专业的) pianists can’t play it. Samuel says confidently,” It’s all about super memory---I guess I have that gift.”
However, Samuel’s ability to remember things doesn’t stop with music. His family says that even when he was a young boy, Samuel heard someone read a story, and then he could retell the story word for word.
Samuel is still only a teenager. He doesn’t know what he wants to do in the future. For now, he is just happy to play beautiful music and continue his studies.
61. What is special about Samuel Osmond?
A. He has a gift for writing music. B. He can write down the note he hears.
C. He is a top student at the law school. D. He can play the musical piece he hears.
62. What can we learn from the passage?
A. Samuel chose law against the wish of his parents.
B. Samuel planned to be a lawyer rather than a musician.
C. Samuel thinks of himself as a man of great musical ability.
D. Samuel studies law and music on the advice of his teachers.
63. Everyone around Samuel was surprised because he _________.
A. received a good early education in music B. played the guitar and the piano perfectly
C. could play the piano without reading music D. could play the guitar better than his father
64. What can we infer(推断) about Samuel in Paragraph 4?
A. He became famous during a special event at his college.
B. He is proud of his ability to remember things accurately(精确地).
C. He plays the piano better than many professional pianists.
D. He impressed the audience by playing all the musical pieces.
65. Which of the following is the best title of the passage?
A. The Qualities of a Musician
B. The Story of a Musical Talent
C. The Importance of Early Education
D. The Relationship between Memory and Music.
【答案】
61.D
62.B
63.C
64.B
65.B
考点：故事类阅读。
【例3】
How do students spend their spare time after finishing their homework? Watch TV, play computer games, or go outside to relax? Here’s a good example.
Tim and Kerry Meek are both teachers. They live in the UK with their two daughters: eleven-year-old Amy and nine-year-old Ella. Recently, the Meek family has become the focus of the whole country after they completed 100 different outdoor activities in one year.
The Meek couple didn’t want their children to spend all their free time in front of the TV and become “couch tomatoes”. So about one year ago, the Meeks decided that watching TV and playing computer games were not permitted. Instead, they set 100 tasks for the two girls to do outside. Although Mr. and Mrs. Meek are not outdoor activity fans, they took part in all the activities to encourage their daughters. It turns out that the two sisters really had a good time joining activities.
Every holiday and weekend, whether it’s sunny, rainy or snowy, the Meeks’ would set off to try the activities on their list, including hiking, sailing, climbing, skiing, and so on. The two little girls not only had a wonderful time, but also learned a lot of skills from the activities. They were even able to stand up in front of their school to give a talk for charity. “Our friends spend a lot of their free time doing things which are harmful to their health. Luckily, we’ve had the chance to experience something different.” Amy and Ella also helped their parents to draw up a new list of challenges for the next 12 months.
So we should do more outdoor exercises to keep healthy in our spare time.
71. What are Tim and Kerry Meek? (No more than 4 words.)
__________________________________________________________
72. Why did the Meeks become the focus of the UK? (No more than 10 words.)
__________________________________________________________
73. When did the Meeks go out to do the activities? (No more than 4 words.)
__________________________________________________________
74. What did the two little girls learn from the activities? (No more than 4 words.)
__________________________________________________________
75. What should we do to keep healthy in our spare time? (No more than 6 words.)
___________________________________________________________
【答案】
71．They are both teachers.
72．Because they completed 100 different outdoor activities in one year.
73．Every holiday and weekend.
74．A lot of skills.
75．We should do more outdoor exercises.
考点：任务型阅读。
【点睛】阅读理解靠的是扎实的语言基础。俗话说：冰冻三尺，非一日之寒。扎实的语言基础来自平时严格的基本功训练和长期的知识积累。只要平时刻苦用功，打下扎实的英语知识基础，又掌握了较科学的解题方法做“阅读理解”题是不会太难的。我们学习英语不只是和别人交流，更重要的是，要通过阅读报刊书籍，研读名著，了解风土人情，生活习惯，科学技术的发展与进步等等。读文章必须理解，怎样才能验证初学者是否掌握了所阅读的文章呢？一般有回答根据短文内容所提的问题，有给出题干，留一个空，再给几个答案，让答题的人根据短文内容来确定正确的答案；也有在题干上留一个空，由答题人直接填写所缺的单词（有些难度比较大的题，则将要填写的词的首字母给出）。无论是哪一种题型，要想解这一类题，必须建立在理解文章内容的基础上，否则就是一句空话。www.21-cn-jy.com
课时作业☆能力提升
1. If you have no special plans for your holidays , why not spend your time helping others?
More and more young people in the US volunteer to spend their school holidays working for others. And they don’t do it for money . Here are some of their stories.
Alice Hamilton, 17
I’m going to help the forest Center build new hiking paths in the mountains. It’s going to be terrific . I will spend the whole summer living in a tent and breathing the fresh mountain air. I’m going to sleep under the stars . It will be a nice sport , and I will be able to do something good at the same time!
Jason Moore , 18
This summer , I’ll volunteer with Special House Program. They build good , low-cost houses and sell them to the poor . They’ll teach me what to do , so I am going to help people and also have a chance to learn how to build houses.
Trish Anderson , 16
I’m going to teach children choose and read books that they like . I want to be a teacher . Every day , I’m going to help children choose and read books that they like . I want to be a teacher , and I love children and reading , so this is going to be a great experience for me .
31. What does Alice volunteer to do in summer ?
A. To sleep under the stars . B. To help build new hiking paths in the mountains .
C. To be house designer. D. To spend the whole summer living in a tent .21世纪教育网版权所有
32.From the passage , we know that Jason Moore . 【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
A. is 18 years old B. likes reading C. isn’t very rich D. likes children
33 wants to be a teacher .
Alice Hamilton B. Jason Moore C. Trish Anderson D. The writer
【答案】
31.B
32.A
33.C
考点：社会现象类短文阅读。
2．What is “American” food ? To many people , American food means hamburgers, hot dogs , and fried chicken . However , are those the only kinds of food in the U.S.?【版权所有：21教育】
Except for Thanksgiving turkey , it’s hard to find a typical “American” food . The United States is a land of immigrants（移民) . When people move to America , they bring their cooking styles with them . So Americans eat food from many different countries. That’s why you can find almost all kinds of ethnic (异国风味的) food in America, such as Italian pizza , Mexican tacos (墨西哥饼) and Chinese fried rolls. But they don’t taste quite like the real taste of the food .
As a large country-style cooking, take a trip to New England and try seafood dishes , and travel through the Midwest for baked food.
Now Americans live at a fast speed and often have some fast food. One of the most common quick American meals is sandwiches . Some Americans also choose to eat unhealthy food, but others prefer “all natural” eating habits. They refuse to eat any food with additives(添加剂).
American culture is a good example of the saying : “You are what you eat.” The different kinds of food show the different kinds of personal taste . Anyway , it’s all American.
37. Which food is mentioned in the passage ？
① hamburgers ② pan cakes ③ turkey ④ Chinese fried rolls ⑤ Italian noodles
A. ①②③ B.①③④ C. ②④⑤ D. ③④⑤
38. The saying “You are what you eat” means .
A. 入乡随俗 B. 想吃就吃 C. 食如其人 D. 你吃你的
39. People can find almost kinds of ethnic food in America because .
A. America has many foods from different countries
B. the United States is a land of immigrants
C. America is a large country
D. America has many foreign food factories
40. From the passage , we know that .
A. the typical “American” food is American fast food
B. the style of food in South America is baked food
C. all the Americans like to eat natural food
D. it is hard to find a typical “American” food
【答案】
37.B
38.C
39.B
40.D
40.D主旨大意题。通读全文可知这是很难找到典型的“美国”的食物。故选D。
考点：故事类短文阅读。
3．Last Tuesday, after doing all the family shopping in town, I wanted to have a rest before catching the train. So I bought a newspaper and some chocolate and went into a station coffee shop with long tables to sit at. I put my heavy bag down on the floor, put the newspaper and chocolate on the table to keep a place, and went to get a cup of coffee.
When I came back with my coffee, there was someone sitting near to me. It was one of those strange-looking young men, with dark glasses, torn clothes, and long hair. But I wasn't surprised at such a young man. What surprised me most was that he had started to eat my chocolate!
I was rather uneasy about him, but I didn't want to get into trouble. I just looked down at the front page of the newspaper and took a bit of chocolate. The boy looked at me. Then he took a second piece of my chocolate. I could hardly believe it. Still I didn't say anything. When he took a third one, I felt more angry than uneasy. I thought, "Well, I shall have the last piece." And I got it.
The boy gave me a strange look and then stood up. As he left, he shouted out, "This woman is crazy!" Everyone looked at me. That was embarrassing（令人难堪） enough. But it was worse when I finished my coffee and ready to leave. It wasn't my chocolate I had eaten a moment before. Mine was just under my newspaper.
34. The woman telling the story went to town to_______.
A. catch the train
B. buy some chocolate and coffee
C. have a rest
D. do some shopping for her family
35. The woman was not happy because_______.
A. the train was late
B. she was afraid of the young man
C. she thought the chocolate was hers
D. she couldn't find her coffee
36. According to the story, who got angry at last?21·cn·jy·com
A. The young man B. The woman C. Neither of them D. Both of themwww-2-1-cnjy-com
37. The woman found she had made a mistake
A. just after she saw the young man next to her
B. when the young man was leaving
C. after she finished reading her newspaper
D. right before she was about to leave the coffee shop
【答案】
34.D
35.C
36.A
37.D
考点：考查日常生活类短文阅读。
4．Americans love to drive. They have drive-in movie theaters, drive-through restaurants and driving vacations. It’s often called the “Great American Road Trip”: Your whole family gets into a van or recreational vehicle (RV, 旅行房车), and hits the road for a summertime trip across the country.
American cars are always big, but RVs are the biggest. These are houses on wheels. RVs have kitchens, bathrooms and bedrooms. All across the country you can find RV parks – places to park your RV and spend the night. And, if you can’t find one, you can always make your home in a grocery store parking lot.
As big as RVs are, they still seem very small to a family who has to spend every hour of every day together. With your little brother kicking you in the face all night in your tiny bed under the table, the dog barking and Mom playing her country music on the radio, your family is not at its best.
What’s worse, RVs are always breaking down. So it’s possible to spend a lot of time watching dad under the RV on the side of a dusty road.
But RV travel can be a great time with the family, too. You can see the country in the comfort of your own “home”. You can spend every night in a different, natural and beautiful place, or just stay where you are. You don’t have to pay for hotels or restaurants, only gas. But, best of all, you are free to go wherever you want at any time in your home-away-from-home.21cnjy.com
38. RVs have the following EXCEPT____.
A. Bathrooms B. Bedrooms C. Kitchens D. Gardens
39. Why do American people like to travel in RVs?
A. Because RVs can go faster than other cars.
B. Because they can listen to music on the radio.
C. Because RVs never break down on the road.
D. Because it’s like traveling in their own home.
40. If you travel in RVs, you only have to pay for____.
A. Hotels. B. Gas. C. Food. D. Drinks.
41. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A. Traveling in RVs is more expensive than living in hotels.
B. RVs are big enough for families traveling together.
C. It is not difficult to find parking places for RVs and spend the night.
D. It is less fun to travel in RVs than to stay in hotels.
【答案】
38.D
39.D
40.B
41.C
考点：考查社会现象类短文阅读。
5．I came to study in the USA a year ago. Yet I did not know the real American society until I injured (伤害) in an accident, because after the accident I had to see a doctor --- and to court (法院).2-1-c-n-j-y
After the accident, my roommate called a doctor for me. I was very grateful and decided to repay him one day. But the next day, he asked me to pay him $ 200 for what he had done. I was very surprised. He had good reason to charge me, he said. And if I wanted to collect money from the person who was responsible (负责) for my injury. I’d have to have a good lawyer (律师). And only a good doctor can help me get a good lawyer. Now that he had helped me find a good doctor, it was only fair that I should pay him. 21*cnjy*com
But every time I went to see the doctor, I had to wait about 50 minutes. He would see two or three patients at the same time, and often stop treating one so as to see another, yet he charged me $ 115 each time. The final examination report consisted of ten lines, and it cost me $ 215.
My lawyer knew very well the other party was responsible for the accident, yet he hardly did anything. He simply waited to collect his money. He was so irresponsible that I decided not to ask for him again. And he made me pay him $ 770.21*cnjy*com
Now I had to act as my own lawyer. Because of my inexperience, I told the insurance company (保险公司)the date I was leaving America. Knowing that, they played for time, and I left without getting a cent.
My experiences taught me two things about America: firstly, in a country like America money is everything. It is more important than friendship or honor. Secondly, foreigners are still being unfairly treated. So when we talk about America, we should see both its good and bad sides.
42. The writer’s roommate offered to help him because ______.
A. he thought it was a chance to make some money
B. he felt sorry for the writer
C. he knew the doctor was a very good one
D. he wanted the writer to have a good lawyer
43. A good doctor is necessary for the writer to ______.
A. be properly treated
B. talk with the person responsible for the accident
C. become healthy before he leaves America
D. finally get the responsible party to pay for his injury
44. The word “charge” in this passage means “______”.
A. be responsible B. be careful C. ask as a price D. get an answer
45. What can you get from the story?
A. Going to court is something very common in America.
B. Money is more important than other things in the USA.
C. There are more bad sides in America than good sides.
D. One must be very careful while driving a car.
【答案】
42.A
43.D
44.C
45.B
考点：考查故事类短文阅读。
6．What to Bring When Visiting Lijiang of Yunnan
Welcome to Lijiang．Lijiang is a nice place to visit．If you visit Lijiang，you’d better do as the following．
Needs
Reasons
Hat and sunglasses
The Lijiang’s sun can be quite shiny even during winter，so remember to bring a hat and sunglasses．
Raincoat or umbrella
It’s hard for us to know Lijiang’s weather，so it is necessary to bring an umbrella or a raincoat to Lijiang，even if it is sunny．
Water
A day in Lijiang you may be very thirsty，so make sure that you bring a bottle of water with you．
Camera
There will be lots of chances to take photos on your visit to Lijiang，so make sure to bring your camera．Don’t forget to bring more batteries so that you won’t miss anything!
Watch
There are many sights and gift shops in Lijiang．Bring a watch，so you can arrange（安排）your time．
46．According to the passage，what things do you NOT have to bring when you visit Lijiang?
A．A bottle of water． B．A watch． C．Batteries． D．An mp4．
47．What’s the weather like in Lijiang?
A．It’s warm． B． It’s hot． C．It changes a lot． D．It’s rainy．
48．Why do you need to bring fl watch when you visit Lijiang?
A．Because you must go back home on time．
B．Because you can use your time better．
C．Because you will look cool with a watch．
D．Because you will feel free．
49．Which statement is NOT TRUE according to the passage?
A．You don’t have to bring an umbrella or a raincoat to Lijiang when it is sunny．
B．You should bring a bottle of water so that you won’t be thirsty．
C．You often wear sunglasses and a hat in Lijiang because the sun is too bright．
D．You should bring more batteries so that you can take more interesting pictures．
50．What kind of passage is it?
A．A story． B．An ad． C．A diary． D．A letter．
【答案】
46.D
47.C
48.B
49.A
50.B
考点：广告类短文阅读。
7．The designer of the Apple Computer，Steve Jobs，was not quite successful in his early years．He was not among the best students at school，and from time to time he got into trouble with either his schoolmates or his teachers．But he was full of new ideas，which few people saw the value of．Things remained the same when he went up to college and he dropped out halfway．
Steve Jobs worked first as a video game designer at Atari．He worked there for only a few months and then he set out to tour India．He hoped that the trip would give him more ideas and give him fl change in life for the better．
After he returned from India，he began to live on a farm in California．And then，in l975，Steve Jobs set about making a new type of computer．Along with his friend Stephen Wozniak，he designed the Apple Computer in his bedroom and built it in his garage（车库）．He gave the name “Apple” because it reminded him of a happy summer he once spent on an orchard（果园）in Oregon．
His Apple Computer was so successful that Steve Jobs soon became worldwide famous．But unluckily，he died of illness in 2012．
51．Steve Jobs ________ when he was in schoo1．
A．was an outstanding student B．didn’t do very well
C．was always praised by others D．didn’t learn anything
52．The underlined word “value” means _______．
A．beauty B．chance C．importance D．hope
53．Steve Jobs _________．
A．received excellent college education
B．didn’t go to college at all
C．studied in college for 4 years
D．didn’t finish his college education
54．Steve Jobs named his computer company “Apple” because _______．
A．apple was his favorite fruit
B．he designed the computer under an apple tree
C．he wanted to remember the happy time on the orchard
D．the computer was designed on the orchard
55．Steve Job’s ______ would be the most important thing for his lifetime success．
A．“failure” in school B．new ideas
C．travel on India D．stay on the orchard
【答案】
51.B
52.C
53.D
54.C
55.B
考点：人物类短文阅读。
8．Maybe you have seen this in schools：some students are studying nearly all the time but they just pass their exams，while some others may spend much less time on their books but do much better in exams．How could this happen? People used to think that hard work is the only way to success．But now they have understood that smart work can make them succeed，too． 21教育网
Hard workers don’t mind working for long hours，while smart workers always think of several different answers to these question，“Why should I suffer this?” “Isn’t there a better way to do this?” Thanks to these people，we can use computers instead of the abacus now．Progress in every field is the direct result of “try to find a better way” by smart workers．
There was a large soap factory in Japan．Once it received an unusual letter from someone who complained that there was no soap in the soapbox he bought．
How could empty soapboxes go out of the factory? The engineers checked the producing and packing．The producing was fine，but in about one in ten thousand cases, the packing machine（机器）let an empty soapbox go．There was no need to spend a lot of money repairing the machine for such a small problem．The engineer soon worked out a solution, he put a huge X-ray machine and two large computers to find out the empty soapboxes．After teaching the workers how to use it，he sat down in his seat，exhausted．
“Sir，we could have solved the problems in a much simpler and cheaper way，”a worker said．“Really? How?”
“We can put a huge fan near the packing machine．The wind coming from the fan will blow away the empty boxes。leaving the other boxes with soap．”
See，this is smart work．In order to succeed，we should not only work hard like the engineer，but also think smart like this worker．
56．Some students spend less time on schoolwork but do better in exams _____．
A．because of their hard work
B．because of different education
C．because they try to find a better way
D．because they study for a much longer time
57．Someone wrote to the soap factory and complained that ________．
A．the soapbox he bought was empty
B．their soap was too expensive
C．the soap he bought was terrible
D．their service was very bad
58．The soap factory could only ______ near the packing machine to solve the problems in a much simpler and cheaper way．
A．set some soapboxes B．set an X-ray machine
C．put two large computers D．put a huge fan
59．The phrase “blow away” in the passage means“_______”．
A．停止 B．远离 C．吹走 D．逃脱
60．The article mainly tells us we should ______ in order to succeed．
A．work hard for long hours and study all the time
B．work hard like the engineer and think smart like the worker
C．spend much less time on our schoolwork than before
D．spend enough money repairing the machine for any problem
【答案】
56.C
57.A
58.D
59.C
60.B
考点：人生哲理类短文阅读。
9．Daniel wakes up in the morning and collects his post.
There’s a letter for him with a picture of a sick horse. It’s from a charity(慈善机构), asking him to give money to help save the animals. The doorbell rings and there is an old woman outside . She is asking for money to help old people. When he turns on the TV, he hears sad music and sees a picture of a poor child who is dying of hunger in Africa. He knows those poor children need money. He is always ready to help those in trouble.
In May 2003, Yao Ming, a basketball star, held a TV show in Shanghai and he collected ＄300, 000 to help scientists with medical research.“We must do something to help our country at this difficult time.”he said.
People such as Daniel and Yao feel good about helping others with money.
根据短文内容, 判断正(T)误(F)。
41.Daniel always collects letters in the evening.
42.Daniel often looks after a sick horse.
43.Yao Ming is kind and helpful.
44.Many people such as Daniel and Yao like helping others with money.
45.This passage is mainly about charity.
【答案】
41.F
42.F
43.T
44.T
45.T
考点：社会现象类短文阅读。
10．A teenage girl couldn’t stand her parents’ family rules, so she left home. 21·世纪*教育网
She wanted to be famous. But she had poor education and several years later she had to ask for food on the street for a living. Now her father has died. Her mother is an old woman. But she is still looking for her daughter. She has been to every corner of the city. Everywhere she goes, she puts up a big photo of herself on the wall. At the lower part of the photo she writes,“I still love you . . . , come back home!”
One day, the daughter saw one of the photos. The face was familiar. “Is that my mother?” she moved closer and read the words“I still love you ...”She cried. When she got home, it was early morning. She knocked on the door. The door opened itself. She rushed to her mother’s bedroom. Her mother was sleeping. She woke her mother up,“It’s me! Your daughter is back home!” The mother and daughter held each other, full of happy tears. The daughter asked, “Why is the door not locked? A thief could get in.”The mother answered softly,“The door has never been locked since you left.”
The door of parents’ love for their children will never be closed.
根据短文内容, 回答下列问题。
46.Why did the girl leave home?
__________________________________________________
47.Why couldn’t the girl be famous?
__________________________________________________
48.Has her mother given up looking for her?
__________________________________________________
49.What was the mother doing when the girl came back home that morning?
__________________________________________________
50.把文中画线的句子翻译成汉语。
【答案】
46.Because she couldn’t stand her parents’ family rules
47.Because she had poor education.
48.No, she hasn’t.
49.Her mother was sleeping.
50.父母对孩子的爱之门永远都不会关闭。
考点：人生百味类短文阅读。
11．There was a boy and his family was very rich. One day his father took him on a trip to a place. He wanted to show his son how poor people were there. They spent several days on a farm. There were many poor families living on the farm.
On their way home, the father asked the son, “How was the trip?” “It was great, Dad,” the son answered. “Did you notice how poor people were there?” asked his father. “Oh, yes,” said the son. “So, tell me,” said his father. The son said, “Well, we have one dog and they have four. We have a pool in our garden, while they have a river that has no end. We have expensive lanterns (灯), but they have stars above their heads at night. We have only a small piece of land to live on, while they have the endless fields. We buy our food, but they grow theirs. We have high walls around our houses to protect us, but they don’t need walls, because their friends will protect them.”
The father had nothing to say. Then the boy added, “Thank you, Dad, for letting me see how poor we are.”
51. The father wanted to show his son ________.
A. how people on the farm worked B. how poor people were on the farm
C. how beautiful the farm was D. how far it was from the city to the farm
52. How often did they go to the farm?
A. Once a week. B. Twice a month. C. Every year. D. The writer doesn’t tell us.
53. When the father asked the son how the trip was, the son thought it ________.【出处：21教育名师】
A. great B. tiring C. terrible D. boring
54. According to the boy, people on the farm can see ________ at night.
A. expensive lanterns B. a lot of cars C. stars above their heads D. many horses
55. Which of the following is TRUE, according to the passage?
A. The boy was from a very poor family.
B. The father and the son spent several weeks on a farm.
C. People on the farm have high walls around their houses.
D. The boy thought that people on the farm lived a happy life.
【答案】
51.B
52.D
53.A
54.C
55.D
考点：故事类阅读。
12. To us, it seems so natural to put up an umbrella to keep the water off when it rains. But in fact the umbrella was not invented as protection against the rain. Its first use was as a shade(遮蔽)against the sun.
Nobody knows who first invented it, but the umbrella was used in very ancient times. Probably the first to use it were the Chinese, back in the eleventh century BC.
We know that the umbrella was used in ancient Egypt and Babylon as a sunshade. And there was a strange thing connected with its use : it became a symbol of honor and power(权力). In the Far East in ancient times, the umbrella was allowed to be used only by those in high office or by royal people such as the kings or queens.
In Europe, the Greeks were the first to use the umbrella as a sunshade. The umbrella was in common use in ancient Greece, but it is believed that the first people in Europe to use the umbrella as protection against the rain were the ancient Romans. During the middle ages in Europe, the use of the umbrella almost disappeared. Then it appeared again in Italy in the late sixteenth century. And again it became a symbol of power.
Umbrellas have not changed much in style during all this time, though they have become much lighter in weight. It wasn't until the twentieth century that the umbrellas for women began to be made in all kinds of colors.
56. According to this passage, the umbrella was probably first invented in ancient_______.
A．China B．Egypt C．Greece D．Rome
57. Which of the following statements is not true about the umbrella?
A．No one exactly knows who the inventor of the umbrella was
B．The umbrella was first invented to be used as protection against the sun.
C．The umbrella changed much in style in the eighteenth century
D．In Europe, the Greeks were the first to use the umbrella as a sunshade.
58. A strange feature of the umbrella’s use is that it was used as__________.
A．protection against rain B．a symbol of honor and power
C．a shade against the sun D．women’s decoration
59. In Europe, the umbrella was first used against the rain_______________.
A．during the Middle Ages B．in Rome C．by the 18th D．in Greece
60. This passage talks mainly about_______________.
A．when and how the umbrella was invented
B．why the umbrella was so popular in Europe
C．the development of the umbrella
D．The history and use of the umbrella
【答案】
56.A
57.C
58.B
59.B
60.D
考点：考查历史知识类短文阅读
