Unit 8 Natural disasters讲练课件(共91张PPT)
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(共91张PPT)
Unit 8 Natural disasters
知识概要
课时讲练
1.Didn’t you hear the rain 难道你没听到雨声吗？
本句是否定疑问句。否定疑问句是一般疑问句的否定形式，常用来表示一种惊讶、责备、抱怨、建议、看法或邀请等情绪或态度。否定疑问句通常译为“难道……不/没……吗？”。例如：
Can’t you come a little earlier 难道你不能早一点儿来吗？（表示抱怨）
Comic strip & Welcome to the unit（第一课时）
【拓展】回答否定疑问句时，应该按照事实作答，即如果事实是肯定的就用yes，是否定的就用no。例如：
—Isn’t Amy afraid of snakes 难道埃米不怕蛇吗？（表示惊讶）
—Yes, she is. 不，她怕蛇。/No, she isn’t. 是的，她不怕蛇。
2.Who will mop up the water if I go home without you 如果你不跟我回家，谁来把水拖干净呢？
（1）mop up意为“用拖把把……擦干净”，是“动词+副词”型短语，如果其宾语是人称代词，人称代词要放在mop与up之间，如果名词作宾语，名词放在mop与up中间或up之后均可。例如：
It took me two hours to mop up the floor. 我花了两个小时才把地板拖干净。
（2）up此处用作副词，可用于某些动词（如eat、use等）之后，表示“完全地；彻底地”。例如：
He ate up the rest of the food. 他把剩余的食物吃光了。
3.Earthquakes kill thousands of people. 地震使成千上万人丧生。
thousands of意为“数以千计的，成千上万的”，修饰可数名词复数，表示不确切的数目，此时thousand后加-s，与of连用。类似的还有hundreds of（数以百计的），millions of（数以百万计的）。例如：
Millions of people watched the Olympic Games on TV. 数百万人通过电视观看奥运会。
【拓展】hundred、thousand、million等前面有基数词时，表示精确数目，它们后面不加-s，也不与of连用。例如：
There are about two hundred teachers in our school. 我们学校大约有两百名教师。
4.Lightning hit a classroom building and it caught fire. 一幢教学楼因被闪电击中而着了火。
catch fire是固定搭配，强调动作，意为“着火”。固定短语on fire也可以意为“着火”，但强调的是状态。例如：
The wooden house caught fire last night. 昨晚那座木屋着火了。
The wooden house is on fire. 那座木屋着火了。
基础达标
一、根据句意和中文提示写出单词。
1.The heavy rain last night caused a big ______（洪水）and it killed
some animals.
flood
2.—Did you hear about the flight ________（事故） in March, 2022
—Yes. It was terrible.
accident
3.Miss Yang was born in a _______（村庄）but she works in a bank
in the city now.
village
4.Some people died in the __________（地震）last month.
earthquake
5.I usually choose to sit in the front when taking the ______（长途汽
车）.
coach
6.There was a lot of traffic on the way to school because of the
sudden ______（风暴）.
storm
二、用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空。
1.His car ________（crash） into a big tree and he hurt his legs.
crashed
2.__________（thousand） of volunteers worked for the 2022 Winter
Olympic Games.
Thousands
3.The newspaper says a building _______（catch） fire last night
because of the fireworks.
caught
4.Look! Mum is busy _________（mop） up the water on the floor.
Let’s go to help her.
mopping
5.________（nature） disasters are usually more terrible than man-made
disasters.
Natural
三、单项选择。
1.Heavy rain will not only ________ the soil（泥土）but also lead to
serious floods.( )
C
A.run away B.get away C.wash away
2.It ________ when we got to Yinchuan by train yesterday
evening.( )
C
A.is snowing B.snowed C.was snowing
3.The floor in our room is really dirty. Can you help us
________ ( )
B
A.pick it up B.mop it up C.put it out
4.A truck crashed ________ a tree this morning.( )
C
A.at B.onto C.into
5.—Weren’t you interested in the film yesterday evening
—________. It was boring and I fell asleep while watching it.( )
B
A.Yes, I was B.No, I wasn’t C.No, it wasn’t
[解析] 回答否定疑问句时，应该按照事实作答。如果事实是肯定的就用yes，是否定的就用no。由答语末句可知该句中所说的事实是否定的。
能力训练
四、根据对话内容，从下面方框中选择恰当的句子补全对话，有一个选项是多余的。
A:Hi,Timmy. I heard that there was an earthquake in your home town last week.
B:Yes. It’s true.
A:1. .
B:No. It was only a small one.
E
A. Yes, but no one noticed me.
B. I’ll ask the police for help.
C. What were you doing at that time
D. A little afraid.
E. Was it serious
F. I’m sorry to hear that.
A:2. .
B:I was shopping in a supermarket.
A:How were you feeling when the earthquake happened
B:3. .
A:What did you do then
C
D
A. Yes, but no one noticed me.
B. I’ll ask the police for help.
C. What were you doing at that time
D. A little afraid.
E. Was it serious
F. I’m sorry to hear that.
B:I tried to run out to the street. But I fell down on the way because
there were too many people.
A:4. . Did you shout for help
B:5. . Everyone was running out at that moment.
A:What a terrible experience! I hope you are all right now.
F
A
A. Yes, but no one noticed me.
B. I’ll ask the police for help.
C. What were you doing at that time
D. A little afraid.
E. Was it serious
F. I’m sorry to hear that.
Reading（第二、三课时）
1.People scream in fear. 人们惊恐地尖叫。
in fear是固定短语，意为“惊恐地”，其中的fear用作名词，意为“害怕，恐惧”。例如：
We held our breath in fear. 我们害怕地屏住呼吸。
【拓展】“in+名词”表示处于某种状态中。例如：
in danger 处在危险中
in trouble 在困境中
in need 在需要中
in surprise 惊奇地
2.Some ran out of the building. I tried my best to run out too, but I could not. 有些人跑出了这座大楼。我也尽最大努力往外跑，但我跑不出去。
run out of意为“从……中跑出来”，run out在此处意为“跑出来”。例如：
She ran out of the room. 她从房间跑了出来。
【拓展】run out还可表示“用完；耗尽”，主语常为表示时间、食品、金钱等的名词，run out用主动形式表示被动意义；run out of意为“把……用完”，主语一般是人。例如：
These new types of energy cost very little and will never run out. 这些新型能源成本很低，而且永远用不完。
Sandy ran out of her money soon. 桑迪很快就花光了她的钱。
3.And I didn’t know if anyone else was near me. 我不知道是否还有其他人在我附近。
if此处用作连词，意为“是否”，用于引导宾语从句。例如：
I wonder if the plane can land on time. 我想知道这架飞机是否会按时着陆。
4....but I told myself to calm down since I was still alive. ……但我告诉自己要冷静下来，因为我仍然活着。
（1）calm down是固定搭配，意为“冷静，平静”，其中calm在此处用作动词，意为“（使）平静,（使）镇定”。例如：
He played the music to calm her daughter down. 他播放音乐来使他女儿平静下来。
（2）since是连词，此处意为“既然，由于，因为”，引导原因状语从句，指双方都知道的或显而易见的原因，常用于句首，不能回答why引起的问句。例如：
Since everyone is here, let’s begin the discussion. 既然大家都来了，咱们开始讨论吧。
（3） alive是形容词，意为“活着的”，常用作表语或宾语补足语，不能作前置定语。例如：
Don’t worry. Tom is still alive. 别担心，汤姆仍然活着。
5.Timmy was asleep when the earthquake started. 地震发生时蒂米正在睡觉。
asleep是形容词，意为“睡着的”，常用作表语，不能作定语。
【辨析】asleep、sleeping与sleepy
asleep 是表语形容词，意为“睡着的”，不能修饰名词。be asleep意
为“睡着了”，表示状态；fall asleep意为“入睡”，表示动作
sleeping 意为“正在睡觉的；供睡觉用的”，是sleep的现在分词或动
名词，常用作定语
sleepy 是形容词，意为“困倦的，欲睡的”，常用作定语或表语
例如：
Jim was so tired that he fell asleep at his desk. 吉姆太累了，竟伏在书桌上睡着了。
The sleeping baby looks lovely. 那个睡着的宝宝看起来很可爱。
He goes to bed very late every day, so he often feels sleepy. 他每天都睡得很晚，因此经常感到困倦。
基础达标
一、根据句意和中文提示写出单词。
1.The _____（大声的） music in the room made the young people
happy and excited.
loud
2.Please hold on for a ________（片刻）. Miss Smith is coming to
answer you.
moment
3.You should try to ______（使平静）yourself down when you are in
danger.
calm
4.It took a few moments for Jane’s eyes to see something in the
_____（黑暗）.
dark
5.Taking a short sleep at noon is good for both your body and ______
（头脑）.
mind
6.—Mum, my ______（心脏） is beating fast. What’s wrong
—Don’t worry. Let’s go to see the doctor at once.
heart
二、用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空。
1.It’s ______（safe） and faster to travel by plane than other kinds of
transportation.
safer
2.Hey, guy, stop ________（shake）the young tree, or you may make
it die.
shaking
3.Don’t keep ______（silence） when the teacher asks you to answer
a question in class.
silent
4.The frightened people tried their best _______（run）out of the
burning building.
to run
5.An earthquake hit the mountain village last night. ________（lucky）,
nobody was hurt or died in the earthquake.
Luckily
6.Look! A goat is ________（trap） under the fallen tree. Let’s move
away the tree and help it out.
trapped
7.My father ____________（sleep） when the heavy rain came this
afternoon.
was sleeping
8.—The snake isn’t moving. Is it dead
—No. It’s still ______（live）. In fact, it’s just sleeping because of
the cold weather.
alive
三、单项选择。
1.—Listen, what’s the noise
—Oh, it’s just the rain ________ the windows.( )
A
A.beating B.kicking C.changing
2.—This morning, John felt ________ and fell ________ in the English
class.
—Oh, really What did the English teacher do with him ( )
B
A.sleepy; sleepy B.sleepy; asleep C.asleep; sleepy
3.The people over there are busy ________ a big stone in the middle
of the street.( )
B
A.running away B.moving away C.putting away
4.When I was working on a Maths problem, an idea went ________
my head.( )
B
A.over B.through C.about
5.—Mum, I’m poor in Maths.
—________ you know the fact, you’d better work harder at it. No
pain, no gain.( )
B
A.With B.Since C.So
6.It ________ hard when we got to the cinema yesterday evening.( )
B
A.rained B.was raining C.is raining
7.My father often tells me to ________ first when I get into
trouble.( )
A
A.calm down B.come down C.break down
8.The two thieves（小偷）looked at each other ________ fear when
the bell rang.( )
C
A.on B.with C.in
四、根据汉语意思完成英语句子。每空一词。
1.听到枪声后，树上的鸟儿朝四面八方飞去了。
The birds in the tree flew away ___ ____ __________ after hearing
the gunshot.
in
all
directions
2.开始，我们感到轻微的晃动。
At first, we felt a ______ ______.
slight
shake
3.尽管我的周围一片漆黑，但是我仍然在努力寻找出路。
Although it was _____ around me, I was still trying to _____ my
_____ ____.
dark
find
way
out
4.李梅惊恐地看着那条大狗，无法动弹。
Li Mei looked at the big dog ___ _____ and couldn’t move.
in
fear
5.这位英雄非常勇敢，面对敌人一点儿也不紧张。
The hero was very brave and he wasn’t ________ ___ ____ before the
enemy.
nervous
at
all
能力训练
五、从方框中选择恰当的单词并用其正确形式填空。每个单词只能用一次。
calm direction myself is scream
Luckily excited go fall silent
The Taiwan earthquake happened in the early morning. When it
started, I heard a loud noise like thunder. People 1. . in fear.
Some ran out of the building. I tried my best to run out too, but I
screamed
could not. Outside, people were running in all 2. . while
pieces of glass and bricks 3. . down. When the shaking
ended, it 4. . dark and 5. . around me. I could not see
anything at all. I felt nervous and my heart was beating fast. “I’m
trapped,” I said to myself. A moment of fear 6. . through my
mind, but I told myself 7. . down since I was still alive. I
started to pull 8. . slowly through the dark. 9. ., there
was just enough space for me to move. Soon I heard shouts from
10. . people. They quickly moved away the bricks, and I was safe.
directions
were falling
was
silent
went
to calm
myself
Luckily
excited
calm direction myself is scream
Luckily excited go fall silent
素养提升
六、完形填空。
It was at 7:20 a.m. on August 8th, 2017. Chen Yong was driving the travelling bus to Jiuzhaigou as usual. . .1. . about 14 hours’ ride, the bus finally arrived there. All the . .2. . were tired and they wanted to get off the bus and have a rest. But suddenly, Chen and the passengers . .3. . many rocks falling off the mountain. Soon their bus was surrounded（被包围）by these rocks. Chen felt it was an
earthquake. He was . .4. . first, but quickly he calmed down. He told the passengers to break the . .5. . to get out of the bus one by one and then he . .6. .them to the safe area. Chen didn’t stay there with the passengers. . .7. ., he helped some passengers who got hurt find a doctor. Later, he returned to his bus to . .8. . all the things of the passengers.
Thanks to Chen, all the passengers were safe and . .9. . got lost. They might not have felt the beauty of Jiuzhaigou, . .10. . they did feel the bravery and kindness of the bus driver. Chen is really brave and kind!
1.( ) A.Until B.After C.When
B
2.( ) A.workers B.passengers C.drivers
B
3.( ) A.noticed B.looked C.touched
A
4.( ) A.happy B.nervous C.excited
B
5.( ) A.seats B.lights C.windows
C
6.( ) A.kept B.carried C.took
C
7.( ) A.Instead B.Anyway C.Also
A
8.( ) A.learn B.protect C.wash
B
9.( ) A.nothing B.something C.anything
A
10.( ) A.though B.because C.but
C
Grammar（第四课时）
1.过去进行时
过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或过去一段时间内正在进行的动作，常与表示过去某一特定时间的状语连用。
（1）过去进行时的基本结构
句式 结构
肯定句 主语+ was/were +动词-ing +其他。
否定句 主语+ wasn’t/ weren’t+动词-ing+其他。
一般疑问句 Was/Were+主语+动词-ing +其他？
肯定回答：Yes，主语+ was/ were。
否定回答：No，主语+ wasn’t/ weren’t。
特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词+was/were+主语+动词-ing +其他？
例如：
I was cooking at that time. 那时我正在做饭。
He wasn’t playing football at four yesterday afternoon. 昨天下午四点他没在踢足球。
—Were you reading English the whole morning yesterday 昨天整个早上你都在读英语吗
—Yes, I was. /No, I wasn’t. 是的，我在读。/不，我没在读。
（2）时间标志词：at that time、（at）this time yesterday、at ten yesterday、from eight to nine this morning等，也可以和 when或while等引导的时间状语从句连用。
（3）有些动词通常不能用于进行时，主要有：
① 表示心理状态、情感的动词，如love、hate、like、know等。
② 部分系动词，如seem、appear等。
③ 感官动词，如see、hear、smell、sound、taste、feel等。
④ 表示结果的短暂性动词，如decide、stop等。
2.when、while和as的常见用法
when、while和as都可以用作连词，连接时间状语从句，意为“当……的时候”，但用法有所不同：
（1）“主短从长”型：即主句表示的是一个短暂性动作，而从句表示的是一个持续性的动作时，when、while和as三者都可以用。此时主句用一般过去时，从句用过去进行时。例如：
When/While/As she was waiting for a bus, she met one of her old friends. 正当她在等公共汽车的时候，她遇到了她的一个老朋友。
（2）“主长从长”型：即主、从句表示两个同时进行的持续性动作，常用while，且主句和从句都常用过去进行时。例如：
Amy was singing while Tom was playing the guitar. 当汤姆在弹吉他的时候，埃米在唱歌。
（3）“主长从短”型：即从句表示的是一个短暂性动作，而主句表示的是一个持续性动作时，通常用when。此时主句用过去进行时，从句用一般过去时。例如：
We were walking in the street when the earthquake started. 当地震发生的时候我们正在街上散步。
（4） 若要表示主句动作伴随从句动作同时发展变化，有类似汉语“随着”的意思，英语习惯上要用as。例如：
As years go by, China is getting richer and stronger. 随着时间的流逝，中国正在变得更加富强。
基础达标
一、用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空。
1.Many people’s cars ______（break）down because of the heavy rain
two days ago.
broke
2.—Why did the policeman stop your car
—I ____________（make） a call at that moment.
was making
3.Miss Yang ____________（lead） us to the dining hall at that time.
was leading
4.We ______________（prepare） dinner at six o’clock yesterday.
were preparing
5.John ____________（draw） a picture when the door bell rang.
was drawing
6.Kitty ____________（wash） the dishes while her sister was
sweeping the floor.
was washing
二、单项选择。
1.—Where were you last night I knocked on your door, but no one
answered.
—I was at home. But I ________ to music with the earphone from 7
p.m. to 8 p.m.( )
B
A.listened B.was listening C.am listening
2.A butterfly ________ into the room through the window as Jim was
doing his homework.( )
A
A.flew B.will fly C.is flying
3.—Do you still remember the last time you saw me
—Yes. You ________ some flowers in the garden then.( )
C
A.are planting B.planted C.were planting
4.—Alice, were you and Emma waiting for the bus when the accident
happened
—________. We were at the bus stop.( )
C
A.Yes, I was B.Yes, we were C.No, we weren’t
5.The washing machine ________. I couldn’t use it to wash
clothes.( )
B
A.came down B.broke down C.looked down
6.—Why were you late for school this morning, Tom
—I was about to go to school ________ it began to rain.( )
A
A.when B.while C.as
三、按要求完成句子。每空一词。
1.Ivan is helping in the library now.（用at this time yesterday替换now
改写句子）
Ivan _____ ________ in the library at this time yesterday.
was
helping
2.The plane was put off because the weather was bad. （改为同义句）
The plane was put off ________ ___ the bad weather.
because
of
3.I was cleaning the classroom at 5:00 yesterday afternoon. （就画线部
分提问）
______ ______ you ______ at 5:00 yesterday afternoon
What
were
doing
4.The little boy was counting the stars in the sky. （改为一般疑问句）
_____the little boy _________ the stars in the sky
Was
counting
5.John’s car went wrong on the way to his company this morning.
（改为同义句）
John’s car ______ ______ on the way to his company this morning.
broke
down
Integrated skills & Study skills（第五课时）
1.Try to get out as soon as possible. 努力尽可能快地出去。
as...as possible意为“尽可能……”，相当于as...as sb can/could。as与as之间用形容词或副词的原级。as soon as possible则意为“尽可能快地”。例如：
Parents should help to get their children to read as early as possible. 家长们应该帮助他们的孩子尽早阅读。
2.Cover your mouth and nose with a wet towel to protect yourself from thick smoke. 用湿毛巾捂住口鼻以防浓烟。
protect...from/against...是固定搭配，意为“保护……免遭……”，通常指“使人或物免受危险、侵袭或伤害等”。例如：
An umbrella will protect you from the rain. 雨伞可以保护你不受雨淋。
3.We learnt a lot about keeping ourselves safe from fires, floods, earthquakes and traffic accidents. 我们学到了很多关于在火灾、洪水、地震和交通事故中使自己安全的知识。
keep...safe from...意为“保持/使……安全，免于受到……的侵袭或危害”。例如：
What should we do to keep ourselves safe from fires 我们该做什么来使自己免于火灾的危害
4.合成词
合成词通常是把两个或两个以上的词合并到一起，组成一个表示单独概念的词。大多数合成词的意义能从词形上看出来。英语合成词有的连写，有的用连字符连接。例如：
rail + way→railway
north + east→north-east
snow + ball→snowball
基础达标
一、根据句意和中文提示写出单词。
1.All of us should love our school and obey the school ______（规
则）.
rules
2.Now his ______（烫伤） is covered with a clean towel.
burnt
3.I can’t eat anything because I have a terrible _________（牙痛）.
toothache
4.You can come to meet her on a _________（工作日）.
weekday
5.We should do some ___________（家务活）when we have free time.
housework
6.It’s dangerous to sit, walk or ride a bike on the ________（铁路）.
railway
7.If our building is on fire, we should try to get out as soon as
________（可能的）.
possible
8.Please look at the ___________（黑板） and listen to me carefully.
blackboard
二、用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空。
1.—What’s wrong with you
—I’ve got a _________（head）. I don’t want to go to school today.
headache
2.Remember ________（close） the door when you leave.
to close
3.The room is full of _______（smoke）. Open the window, please.
smoke
4.Look left, right and then left when ________（cross） the road.
crossing
5.Do you know what ______（do） first if I burn myself
to do
三、根据句子意思，从以下两个方框中选择单词组成合成词，并用其适当形式填空。
A
grand week news gentle pan
B
man paper cake end daughter
1.Is there anything important in today’s __________
newspaper
2.Ladies and __________, may I have your attention, please
gentlemen
3.Linda is good at making _________.
pancakes
4.Mr Chen’s _____________ is a college student in Beijing.
granddaughter
5.My parents are busy on weekdays and they only have time for me
at __________.
weekends
A
grand week news gentle pan
B
man paper cake end daughter
四、单项选择。
1.When we are in danger of ________, we should stay close to the
ground.( )
B
A.floods B.fires C.earthquakes
2.If your uncle has a heart attack, you should call ________.( )
C
A.119 B.122 C.120
3.Everyone should always ________ traffic rules.( )
C
A.keep B.protect C.follow
4.What can we do to protect ourselves ________ getting hurt in an
earthquake ( )
C
A.by B.for C.from
5.Which of the following has a different way of creating words ( )
B
A.classroom B.alive C.snowball
能力训练
五、从方框中选择适当的句子补全对话，有一个选项是多余的。
A:Alice, I called you at 9:30 this morning, but no one answered.
B:I’m sorry. 1. .
A:In the hospital What was
the matter with you Are you
ill
B:No, I’m fine. 2. .
A:What was wrong with him
B:3. .
D
A
E
A. I was looking after my brother.
B. What happened
C. When did it happen
D. I was in the hospital then.
E. He fell down the stairs （楼梯）and hurt his head.
F. He was playing a game on the mobile phone.
A:I’m sorry to hear that. 4. .
B:At 7:00 this morning.
A:How did it happen
B:5. . He didn’t notice the steps at all.
A:How careless he was! We should be careful when going down the
stairs.
B:You are right!
C
F
A. I was looking after my brother.
B. What happened
C. When did it happen
D. I was in the hospital then.
E. He fell down the stairs （楼梯）and hurt his head.
F. He was playing a game on the mobile phone.
Task & Self-assessment（第六课时）
1.I nearly fell over. 我差点儿跌倒。
nearly是副词，意为“几乎，将近”。
【辨析】nearly和almost
相同点 不同点
nearly 两者都可用来修 饰不定代词、形 容词、副词、动 词、介词短语 等，此时两者可 以互换。 不可与nobody、never、none、nothing等具有
否定意义的代词或副词连用，但可与not连
用，not nearly意为“远远不”。在具体数字前常
用nearly
almost 在接近程度上比nearly 更强。可与nobody、
never、none、nothing等具有否定意义的代词
或副词连用
例如：
Nearly everyone knows it. = Almost everyone knows it. 几乎每个人都知道这件事。
It’s nearly lunchtime. 快到午饭时间了。（比如差15分钟）
It’s not nearly so difficult as you think. 这远不像你想象的那么难。（不能用almost）
It’s almost lunchtime. 就要到午饭时间了。（比如差5分钟）
Almost nobody believes that she is nearly 80 years old. 几乎没有人相信她将近80岁了。
2.People were trying to clear the snow from the streets. 人们正努力清除街上的积雪。
clear此处作动词用，意为“清除，清理”。例如：
Remember to clear the rubbish in the school hall. 记得清理学校礼堂的垃圾。
【拓展】clear还可以用作形容词，意为“晴朗的；清晰的”。例如：
It’s a clear lake. 这是一个清澈的湖泊。
3.Suddenly, a strong wind came from behind. 突然，一阵大风从背后吹来。
come from behind意为“从后面来”，behind此处用作副词，意为“在后面”。例如：
He didn’t want to fall behind in his lessons. 他不想在功课方面落后。
【拓展】behind作介词用时，意为“在……的后面”。例如：
There is a park behind our school. 我们学校的后面有一个公园。
基础达标
一、根据句意和中文提示写出单词。
1.The cleaner gets up very early in the morning to ______（清除）
the leaves from the road.
clear
2.It was _______ （将近） eleven o’clock when Tom finished all the
homework last night.
nearly
3.Someone patted me on the shoulder from _______（在后面） when I
was walking back home.
behind
4.________（几乎） no one came to the party.
Almost
5.Sam ______（打破） his father’s glasses just now and he’s afraid to
tell his father about it.
broke
二、用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空。
1._________（cover）your mouth and nose with a wet towel can
protect yourself from smoke.
Covering
2.The snowstorm stopped them from ______（go） home.
going
3.The weather was really terrible. The snow kept _______（fall） from
morning till night.
falling
4.When I got home yesterday, my mother _____________（mop） the
floor.
was mopping
5.When we arrived at the train station, we saw many people ________
（wait） for the trains.
waiting
三、单项选择。
1.—Did you have a big meal yesterday
—No. ________ it was too late to cook, I ordered some fast food
online for supper.( )
C
A.If B.Until C.Since
2.The film was so frightening（骇人的）that everyone couldn’t help
screaming in ________ while watching it last night.( )
C
A.silence B.danger C.fear
3.—How was the rainstorm
—Terrible. It ________ my home town suddenly.( )
A
A.hit B.started C.happened
4.—How did the accident happen
—The girl ________ some messages in WeChat while walking across
the street.( )
C
A.reads B.is reading C.was reading
5.—Jenny, what happened to you You seem a bit angry.
—Bad luck. I was walking across the street when a car ________ hit
me.( )
A
A.nearly B.mainly C.hardly
能力训练
四、从方框中选择恰当的单词并用其正确形式填空。有一个选项是多余的。
bad so remember tired dangerous
sudden after surprised rise should
With more and more cars on the road, the number of traffic
accidents is getting larger. You may be 1. . when you hear
the number of car accidents across China. It 2. . to over 200,000
surprised
rose
in 2020. To stop the situation（情况）from getting 3. ., drivers
should know the following things.
worse
Why car accidents happen
Cars may hit people or other things when drivers feel 4. . and
pay little attention to the road. 5. . drivers should keep their eyes
on the road all the time. Fast running cars may turn around when they
stop 6. .. That’s very dangerous.
tired
So
suddenly
bad so remember tired dangerous
sudden after surprised rise should
What to do 7. . a car accident
If someone gets hurt, you 8. . call 120 first. Don’t give
him any medicine or move him without the doctor’s advice.
9. . to take pictures before you call the traffic police. Drive
to the roadside if possible. It is 10. . to stop on a busy road.
after
should
Remember
dangerous
素养提升
五、书面表达。
日常防火安全很重要，你们学校英语角决定开展主题为“Tips for fire safety”的征文活动。请你根据下表中的信息用英语写一篇短文给英语角，分析火灾的常见原因并给出怎样预防火灾发生的合理建议。
原因 客观原因 天气干燥；闪电
主观原因 吸烟；玩火……
建议 1. 离开时关掉所有的电器（electrical equipment）。 2.用火时注意安全。 3.……
要求：1.包含所有的要点，可以适当发挥；
2.不少于70词。开头已经给出，但不计入总词数。
Tips for fire safety
As we all know, too many fire accidents take place all over the
world every year. Maybe it’s time for us ______________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
to pay attention to fire.
There are many reasons causing the fire, such as the dry weather
and the lightning. Sometimes people themselves do something wrong
that causes these fire, such as smoking, playing with fire and the
wrong use of electricity and so on.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
All above are very dangerous. We should pay attention to our actions. When we leave the room, make sure that we turn off all the electrical equipment. Besides, when we have to use fire, do use it safely. What’s more, we should learn some useful tips for putting out the fire.
知识清单
重点短语
1.___________________自然灾害
natural disasters
2._____________摔倒
fall over
3._______________冲走
wash away
4.______________撞击
crash into
5.______________着火
catch fire
6.__________________四面八方
in all directions
7.______________从……中跑出；用完，耗尽
run out of
8._______________冷静，镇定
calm down
9.___________害怕地
in fear
10._________________崩塌
come down
11._______________一点也不
not...at all
12._____________________找到出路
find one’s way out
13._________________出故障，坏掉
break down
14._______________________保护自己免遭……
protect oneself from
15._____________________遵守交通规则
follow traffic rules
16.________________移开
move away
17.__________________成千上万的
thousands of
18.___________________尽可能……
as...as possible
19.___________________远离
stay away from
重点句子
1._______________________________________地震开始的时候我正在睡觉。
I was sleeping when the earthquake started.
2._____________________________________________________________________________人们在四处逃散，此时，玻璃碎片和砖块在往下掉落。
People were running in all directions while pieces of glass and bricks were falling down.
3.________________________________________我感到紧张，心跳得很快。
I felt nervous and my heart was beating fast.
4.______________________________________我的头脑中掠过一阵恐惧。
A moment of fear went through my mind.
5._____________________________________________________________正当我试图找到出路时，突然听到上方的一些声响。
As I was trying to find my way out, I suddenly heard some noise above me.
6._______________________________________昨天晚上十点时我（不）在睡觉。
I was （not） sleeping at 10 p.m. last night.
7.________________________________________________________当米莉在看电视时，安迪进了房间。
When/While/As Millie was watching TV, Andy came into the room.
重点语法
1. 过去进行时
过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或过去一段时间内正在进行的动作，常与表示过去某一特定时间的状语连用。
（1）过去进行时的基本结构
（2）时间标志词：at that time、（at）this time yesterday、at ten yesterday、from eight to nine this morning等，也可以和 when或while等引导的时间状语从句连用。
2. when、while和as的用法
when、while和as这三个词均可作为时间连词，均意为“当……的时候”，用于过去进行时的句子中。when和as既可以指某一时间点，也可以指一段时间，其引导的从句的谓语动词可以是短暂性的，也可以是延续性的；while只能指一段时间，其引导的从句中的谓语动词必须是延续性的。也就是说：当指一段时间时，三者都可以用。指某一时间点时，只能用when或as，不能用while。
Unit 8 Natural disasters
知识概要
课时讲练
1.Didn’t you hear the rain 难道你没听到雨声吗？
本句是否定疑问句。否定疑问句是一般疑问句的否定形式，常用来表示一种惊讶、责备、抱怨、建议、看法或邀请等情绪或态度。否定疑问句通常译为“难道……不/没……吗？”。例如：
Can’t you come a little earlier 难道你不能早一点儿来吗？（表示抱怨）
Comic strip & Welcome to the unit（第一课时）
【拓展】回答否定疑问句时，应该按照事实作答，即如果事实是肯定的就用yes，是否定的就用no。例如：
—Isn’t Amy afraid of snakes 难道埃米不怕蛇吗？（表示惊讶）
—Yes, she is. 不，她怕蛇。/No, she isn’t. 是的，她不怕蛇。
2.Who will mop up the water if I go home without you 如果你不跟我回家，谁来把水拖干净呢？
（1）mop up意为“用拖把把……擦干净”，是“动词+副词”型短语，如果其宾语是人称代词，人称代词要放在mop与up之间，如果名词作宾语，名词放在mop与up中间或up之后均可。例如：
It took me two hours to mop up the floor. 我花了两个小时才把地板拖干净。
（2）up此处用作副词，可用于某些动词（如eat、use等）之后，表示“完全地；彻底地”。例如：
He ate up the rest of the food. 他把剩余的食物吃光了。
3.Earthquakes kill thousands of people. 地震使成千上万人丧生。
thousands of意为“数以千计的，成千上万的”，修饰可数名词复数，表示不确切的数目，此时thousand后加-s，与of连用。类似的还有hundreds of（数以百计的），millions of（数以百万计的）。例如：
Millions of people watched the Olympic Games on TV. 数百万人通过电视观看奥运会。
【拓展】hundred、thousand、million等前面有基数词时，表示精确数目，它们后面不加-s，也不与of连用。例如：
There are about two hundred teachers in our school. 我们学校大约有两百名教师。
4.Lightning hit a classroom building and it caught fire. 一幢教学楼因被闪电击中而着了火。
catch fire是固定搭配，强调动作，意为“着火”。固定短语on fire也可以意为“着火”，但强调的是状态。例如：
The wooden house caught fire last night. 昨晚那座木屋着火了。
The wooden house is on fire. 那座木屋着火了。
基础达标
一、根据句意和中文提示写出单词。
1.The heavy rain last night caused a big ______（洪水）and it killed
some animals.
flood
2.—Did you hear about the flight ________（事故） in March, 2022
—Yes. It was terrible.
accident
3.Miss Yang was born in a _______（村庄）but she works in a bank
in the city now.
village
4.Some people died in the __________（地震）last month.
earthquake
5.I usually choose to sit in the front when taking the ______（长途汽
车）.
coach
6.There was a lot of traffic on the way to school because of the
sudden ______（风暴）.
storm
二、用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空。
1.His car ________（crash） into a big tree and he hurt his legs.
crashed
2.__________（thousand） of volunteers worked for the 2022 Winter
Olympic Games.
Thousands
3.The newspaper says a building _______（catch） fire last night
because of the fireworks.
caught
4.Look! Mum is busy _________（mop） up the water on the floor.
Let’s go to help her.
mopping
5.________（nature） disasters are usually more terrible than man-made
disasters.
Natural
三、单项选择。
1.Heavy rain will not only ________ the soil（泥土）but also lead to
serious floods.( )
C
A.run away B.get away C.wash away
2.It ________ when we got to Yinchuan by train yesterday
evening.( )
C
A.is snowing B.snowed C.was snowing
3.The floor in our room is really dirty. Can you help us
________ ( )
B
A.pick it up B.mop it up C.put it out
4.A truck crashed ________ a tree this morning.( )
C
A.at B.onto C.into
5.—Weren’t you interested in the film yesterday evening
—________. It was boring and I fell asleep while watching it.( )
B
A.Yes, I was B.No, I wasn’t C.No, it wasn’t
[解析] 回答否定疑问句时，应该按照事实作答。如果事实是肯定的就用yes，是否定的就用no。由答语末句可知该句中所说的事实是否定的。
能力训练
四、根据对话内容，从下面方框中选择恰当的句子补全对话，有一个选项是多余的。
A:Hi,Timmy. I heard that there was an earthquake in your home town last week.
B:Yes. It’s true.
A:1. .
B:No. It was only a small one.
E
A. Yes, but no one noticed me.
B. I’ll ask the police for help.
C. What were you doing at that time
D. A little afraid.
E. Was it serious
F. I’m sorry to hear that.
A:2. .
B:I was shopping in a supermarket.
A:How were you feeling when the earthquake happened
B:3. .
A:What did you do then
C
D
A. Yes, but no one noticed me.
B. I’ll ask the police for help.
C. What were you doing at that time
D. A little afraid.
E. Was it serious
F. I’m sorry to hear that.
B:I tried to run out to the street. But I fell down on the way because
there were too many people.
A:4. . Did you shout for help
B:5. . Everyone was running out at that moment.
A:What a terrible experience! I hope you are all right now.
F
A
A. Yes, but no one noticed me.
B. I’ll ask the police for help.
C. What were you doing at that time
D. A little afraid.
E. Was it serious
F. I’m sorry to hear that.
Reading（第二、三课时）
1.People scream in fear. 人们惊恐地尖叫。
in fear是固定短语，意为“惊恐地”，其中的fear用作名词，意为“害怕，恐惧”。例如：
We held our breath in fear. 我们害怕地屏住呼吸。
【拓展】“in+名词”表示处于某种状态中。例如：
in danger 处在危险中
in trouble 在困境中
in need 在需要中
in surprise 惊奇地
2.Some ran out of the building. I tried my best to run out too, but I could not. 有些人跑出了这座大楼。我也尽最大努力往外跑，但我跑不出去。
run out of意为“从……中跑出来”，run out在此处意为“跑出来”。例如：
She ran out of the room. 她从房间跑了出来。
【拓展】run out还可表示“用完；耗尽”，主语常为表示时间、食品、金钱等的名词，run out用主动形式表示被动意义；run out of意为“把……用完”，主语一般是人。例如：
These new types of energy cost very little and will never run out. 这些新型能源成本很低，而且永远用不完。
Sandy ran out of her money soon. 桑迪很快就花光了她的钱。
3.And I didn’t know if anyone else was near me. 我不知道是否还有其他人在我附近。
if此处用作连词，意为“是否”，用于引导宾语从句。例如：
I wonder if the plane can land on time. 我想知道这架飞机是否会按时着陆。
4....but I told myself to calm down since I was still alive. ……但我告诉自己要冷静下来，因为我仍然活着。
（1）calm down是固定搭配，意为“冷静，平静”，其中calm在此处用作动词，意为“（使）平静,（使）镇定”。例如：
He played the music to calm her daughter down. 他播放音乐来使他女儿平静下来。
（2）since是连词，此处意为“既然，由于，因为”，引导原因状语从句，指双方都知道的或显而易见的原因，常用于句首，不能回答why引起的问句。例如：
Since everyone is here, let’s begin the discussion. 既然大家都来了，咱们开始讨论吧。
（3） alive是形容词，意为“活着的”，常用作表语或宾语补足语，不能作前置定语。例如：
Don’t worry. Tom is still alive. 别担心，汤姆仍然活着。
5.Timmy was asleep when the earthquake started. 地震发生时蒂米正在睡觉。
asleep是形容词，意为“睡着的”，常用作表语，不能作定语。
【辨析】asleep、sleeping与sleepy
asleep 是表语形容词，意为“睡着的”，不能修饰名词。be asleep意
为“睡着了”，表示状态；fall asleep意为“入睡”，表示动作
sleeping 意为“正在睡觉的；供睡觉用的”，是sleep的现在分词或动
名词，常用作定语
sleepy 是形容词，意为“困倦的，欲睡的”，常用作定语或表语
例如：
Jim was so tired that he fell asleep at his desk. 吉姆太累了，竟伏在书桌上睡着了。
The sleeping baby looks lovely. 那个睡着的宝宝看起来很可爱。
He goes to bed very late every day, so he often feels sleepy. 他每天都睡得很晚，因此经常感到困倦。
基础达标
一、根据句意和中文提示写出单词。
1.The _____（大声的） music in the room made the young people
happy and excited.
loud
2.Please hold on for a ________（片刻）. Miss Smith is coming to
answer you.
moment
3.You should try to ______（使平静）yourself down when you are in
danger.
calm
4.It took a few moments for Jane’s eyes to see something in the
_____（黑暗）.
dark
5.Taking a short sleep at noon is good for both your body and ______
（头脑）.
mind
6.—Mum, my ______（心脏） is beating fast. What’s wrong
—Don’t worry. Let’s go to see the doctor at once.
heart
二、用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空。
1.It’s ______（safe） and faster to travel by plane than other kinds of
transportation.
safer
2.Hey, guy, stop ________（shake）the young tree, or you may make
it die.
shaking
3.Don’t keep ______（silence） when the teacher asks you to answer
a question in class.
silent
4.The frightened people tried their best _______（run）out of the
burning building.
to run
5.An earthquake hit the mountain village last night. ________（lucky）,
nobody was hurt or died in the earthquake.
Luckily
6.Look! A goat is ________（trap） under the fallen tree. Let’s move
away the tree and help it out.
trapped
7.My father ____________（sleep） when the heavy rain came this
afternoon.
was sleeping
8.—The snake isn’t moving. Is it dead
—No. It’s still ______（live）. In fact, it’s just sleeping because of
the cold weather.
alive
三、单项选择。
1.—Listen, what’s the noise
—Oh, it’s just the rain ________ the windows.( )
A
A.beating B.kicking C.changing
2.—This morning, John felt ________ and fell ________ in the English
class.
—Oh, really What did the English teacher do with him ( )
B
A.sleepy; sleepy B.sleepy; asleep C.asleep; sleepy
3.The people over there are busy ________ a big stone in the middle
of the street.( )
B
A.running away B.moving away C.putting away
4.When I was working on a Maths problem, an idea went ________
my head.( )
B
A.over B.through C.about
5.—Mum, I’m poor in Maths.
—________ you know the fact, you’d better work harder at it. No
pain, no gain.( )
B
A.With B.Since C.So
6.It ________ hard when we got to the cinema yesterday evening.( )
B
A.rained B.was raining C.is raining
7.My father often tells me to ________ first when I get into
trouble.( )
A
A.calm down B.come down C.break down
8.The two thieves（小偷）looked at each other ________ fear when
the bell rang.( )
C
A.on B.with C.in
四、根据汉语意思完成英语句子。每空一词。
1.听到枪声后，树上的鸟儿朝四面八方飞去了。
The birds in the tree flew away ___ ____ __________ after hearing
the gunshot.
in
all
directions
2.开始，我们感到轻微的晃动。
At first, we felt a ______ ______.
slight
shake
3.尽管我的周围一片漆黑，但是我仍然在努力寻找出路。
Although it was _____ around me, I was still trying to _____ my
_____ ____.
dark
find
way
out
4.李梅惊恐地看着那条大狗，无法动弹。
Li Mei looked at the big dog ___ _____ and couldn’t move.
in
fear
5.这位英雄非常勇敢，面对敌人一点儿也不紧张。
The hero was very brave and he wasn’t ________ ___ ____ before the
enemy.
nervous
at
all
能力训练
五、从方框中选择恰当的单词并用其正确形式填空。每个单词只能用一次。
calm direction myself is scream
Luckily excited go fall silent
The Taiwan earthquake happened in the early morning. When it
started, I heard a loud noise like thunder. People 1. . in fear.
Some ran out of the building. I tried my best to run out too, but I
screamed
could not. Outside, people were running in all 2. . while
pieces of glass and bricks 3. . down. When the shaking
ended, it 4. . dark and 5. . around me. I could not see
anything at all. I felt nervous and my heart was beating fast. “I’m
trapped,” I said to myself. A moment of fear 6. . through my
mind, but I told myself 7. . down since I was still alive. I
started to pull 8. . slowly through the dark. 9. ., there
was just enough space for me to move. Soon I heard shouts from
10. . people. They quickly moved away the bricks, and I was safe.
directions
were falling
was
silent
went
to calm
myself
Luckily
excited
calm direction myself is scream
Luckily excited go fall silent
素养提升
六、完形填空。
It was at 7:20 a.m. on August 8th, 2017. Chen Yong was driving the travelling bus to Jiuzhaigou as usual. . .1. . about 14 hours’ ride, the bus finally arrived there. All the . .2. . were tired and they wanted to get off the bus and have a rest. But suddenly, Chen and the passengers . .3. . many rocks falling off the mountain. Soon their bus was surrounded（被包围）by these rocks. Chen felt it was an
earthquake. He was . .4. . first, but quickly he calmed down. He told the passengers to break the . .5. . to get out of the bus one by one and then he . .6. .them to the safe area. Chen didn’t stay there with the passengers. . .7. ., he helped some passengers who got hurt find a doctor. Later, he returned to his bus to . .8. . all the things of the passengers.
Thanks to Chen, all the passengers were safe and . .9. . got lost. They might not have felt the beauty of Jiuzhaigou, . .10. . they did feel the bravery and kindness of the bus driver. Chen is really brave and kind!
1.( ) A.Until B.After C.When
B
2.( ) A.workers B.passengers C.drivers
B
3.( ) A.noticed B.looked C.touched
A
4.( ) A.happy B.nervous C.excited
B
5.( ) A.seats B.lights C.windows
C
6.( ) A.kept B.carried C.took
C
7.( ) A.Instead B.Anyway C.Also
A
8.( ) A.learn B.protect C.wash
B
9.( ) A.nothing B.something C.anything
A
10.( ) A.though B.because C.but
C
Grammar（第四课时）
1.过去进行时
过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或过去一段时间内正在进行的动作，常与表示过去某一特定时间的状语连用。
（1）过去进行时的基本结构
句式 结构
肯定句 主语+ was/were +动词-ing +其他。
否定句 主语+ wasn’t/ weren’t+动词-ing+其他。
一般疑问句 Was/Were+主语+动词-ing +其他？
肯定回答：Yes，主语+ was/ were。
否定回答：No，主语+ wasn’t/ weren’t。
特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词+was/were+主语+动词-ing +其他？
例如：
I was cooking at that time. 那时我正在做饭。
He wasn’t playing football at four yesterday afternoon. 昨天下午四点他没在踢足球。
—Were you reading English the whole morning yesterday 昨天整个早上你都在读英语吗
—Yes, I was. /No, I wasn’t. 是的，我在读。/不，我没在读。
（2）时间标志词：at that time、（at）this time yesterday、at ten yesterday、from eight to nine this morning等，也可以和 when或while等引导的时间状语从句连用。
（3）有些动词通常不能用于进行时，主要有：
① 表示心理状态、情感的动词，如love、hate、like、know等。
② 部分系动词，如seem、appear等。
③ 感官动词，如see、hear、smell、sound、taste、feel等。
④ 表示结果的短暂性动词，如decide、stop等。
2.when、while和as的常见用法
when、while和as都可以用作连词，连接时间状语从句，意为“当……的时候”，但用法有所不同：
（1）“主短从长”型：即主句表示的是一个短暂性动作，而从句表示的是一个持续性的动作时，when、while和as三者都可以用。此时主句用一般过去时，从句用过去进行时。例如：
When/While/As she was waiting for a bus, she met one of her old friends. 正当她在等公共汽车的时候，她遇到了她的一个老朋友。
（2）“主长从长”型：即主、从句表示两个同时进行的持续性动作，常用while，且主句和从句都常用过去进行时。例如：
Amy was singing while Tom was playing the guitar. 当汤姆在弹吉他的时候，埃米在唱歌。
（3）“主长从短”型：即从句表示的是一个短暂性动作，而主句表示的是一个持续性动作时，通常用when。此时主句用过去进行时，从句用一般过去时。例如：
We were walking in the street when the earthquake started. 当地震发生的时候我们正在街上散步。
（4） 若要表示主句动作伴随从句动作同时发展变化，有类似汉语“随着”的意思，英语习惯上要用as。例如：
As years go by, China is getting richer and stronger. 随着时间的流逝，中国正在变得更加富强。
基础达标
一、用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空。
1.Many people’s cars ______（break）down because of the heavy rain
two days ago.
broke
2.—Why did the policeman stop your car
—I ____________（make） a call at that moment.
was making
3.Miss Yang ____________（lead） us to the dining hall at that time.
was leading
4.We ______________（prepare） dinner at six o’clock yesterday.
were preparing
5.John ____________（draw） a picture when the door bell rang.
was drawing
6.Kitty ____________（wash） the dishes while her sister was
sweeping the floor.
was washing
二、单项选择。
1.—Where were you last night I knocked on your door, but no one
answered.
—I was at home. But I ________ to music with the earphone from 7
p.m. to 8 p.m.( )
B
A.listened B.was listening C.am listening
2.A butterfly ________ into the room through the window as Jim was
doing his homework.( )
A
A.flew B.will fly C.is flying
3.—Do you still remember the last time you saw me
—Yes. You ________ some flowers in the garden then.( )
C
A.are planting B.planted C.were planting
4.—Alice, were you and Emma waiting for the bus when the accident
happened
—________. We were at the bus stop.( )
C
A.Yes, I was B.Yes, we were C.No, we weren’t
5.The washing machine ________. I couldn’t use it to wash
clothes.( )
B
A.came down B.broke down C.looked down
6.—Why were you late for school this morning, Tom
—I was about to go to school ________ it began to rain.( )
A
A.when B.while C.as
三、按要求完成句子。每空一词。
1.Ivan is helping in the library now.（用at this time yesterday替换now
改写句子）
Ivan _____ ________ in the library at this time yesterday.
was
helping
2.The plane was put off because the weather was bad. （改为同义句）
The plane was put off ________ ___ the bad weather.
because
of
3.I was cleaning the classroom at 5:00 yesterday afternoon. （就画线部
分提问）
______ ______ you ______ at 5:00 yesterday afternoon
What
were
doing
4.The little boy was counting the stars in the sky. （改为一般疑问句）
_____the little boy _________ the stars in the sky
Was
counting
5.John’s car went wrong on the way to his company this morning.
（改为同义句）
John’s car ______ ______ on the way to his company this morning.
broke
down
Integrated skills & Study skills（第五课时）
1.Try to get out as soon as possible. 努力尽可能快地出去。
as...as possible意为“尽可能……”，相当于as...as sb can/could。as与as之间用形容词或副词的原级。as soon as possible则意为“尽可能快地”。例如：
Parents should help to get their children to read as early as possible. 家长们应该帮助他们的孩子尽早阅读。
2.Cover your mouth and nose with a wet towel to protect yourself from thick smoke. 用湿毛巾捂住口鼻以防浓烟。
protect...from/against...是固定搭配，意为“保护……免遭……”，通常指“使人或物免受危险、侵袭或伤害等”。例如：
An umbrella will protect you from the rain. 雨伞可以保护你不受雨淋。
3.We learnt a lot about keeping ourselves safe from fires, floods, earthquakes and traffic accidents. 我们学到了很多关于在火灾、洪水、地震和交通事故中使自己安全的知识。
keep...safe from...意为“保持/使……安全，免于受到……的侵袭或危害”。例如：
What should we do to keep ourselves safe from fires 我们该做什么来使自己免于火灾的危害
4.合成词
合成词通常是把两个或两个以上的词合并到一起，组成一个表示单独概念的词。大多数合成词的意义能从词形上看出来。英语合成词有的连写，有的用连字符连接。例如：
rail + way→railway
north + east→north-east
snow + ball→snowball
基础达标
一、根据句意和中文提示写出单词。
1.All of us should love our school and obey the school ______（规
则）.
rules
2.Now his ______（烫伤） is covered with a clean towel.
burnt
3.I can’t eat anything because I have a terrible _________（牙痛）.
toothache
4.You can come to meet her on a _________（工作日）.
weekday
5.We should do some ___________（家务活）when we have free time.
housework
6.It’s dangerous to sit, walk or ride a bike on the ________（铁路）.
railway
7.If our building is on fire, we should try to get out as soon as
________（可能的）.
possible
8.Please look at the ___________（黑板） and listen to me carefully.
blackboard
二、用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空。
1.—What’s wrong with you
—I’ve got a _________（head）. I don’t want to go to school today.
headache
2.Remember ________（close） the door when you leave.
to close
3.The room is full of _______（smoke）. Open the window, please.
smoke
4.Look left, right and then left when ________（cross） the road.
crossing
5.Do you know what ______（do） first if I burn myself
to do
三、根据句子意思，从以下两个方框中选择单词组成合成词，并用其适当形式填空。
A
grand week news gentle pan
B
man paper cake end daughter
1.Is there anything important in today’s __________
newspaper
2.Ladies and __________, may I have your attention, please
gentlemen
3.Linda is good at making _________.
pancakes
4.Mr Chen’s _____________ is a college student in Beijing.
granddaughter
5.My parents are busy on weekdays and they only have time for me
at __________.
weekends
A
grand week news gentle pan
B
man paper cake end daughter
四、单项选择。
1.When we are in danger of ________, we should stay close to the
ground.( )
B
A.floods B.fires C.earthquakes
2.If your uncle has a heart attack, you should call ________.( )
C
A.119 B.122 C.120
3.Everyone should always ________ traffic rules.( )
C
A.keep B.protect C.follow
4.What can we do to protect ourselves ________ getting hurt in an
earthquake ( )
C
A.by B.for C.from
5.Which of the following has a different way of creating words ( )
B
A.classroom B.alive C.snowball
能力训练
五、从方框中选择适当的句子补全对话，有一个选项是多余的。
A:Alice, I called you at 9:30 this morning, but no one answered.
B:I’m sorry. 1. .
A:In the hospital What was
the matter with you Are you
ill
B:No, I’m fine. 2. .
A:What was wrong with him
B:3. .
D
A
E
A. I was looking after my brother.
B. What happened
C. When did it happen
D. I was in the hospital then.
E. He fell down the stairs （楼梯）and hurt his head.
F. He was playing a game on the mobile phone.
A:I’m sorry to hear that. 4. .
B:At 7:00 this morning.
A:How did it happen
B:5. . He didn’t notice the steps at all.
A:How careless he was! We should be careful when going down the
stairs.
B:You are right!
C
F
A. I was looking after my brother.
B. What happened
C. When did it happen
D. I was in the hospital then.
E. He fell down the stairs （楼梯）and hurt his head.
F. He was playing a game on the mobile phone.
Task & Self-assessment（第六课时）
1.I nearly fell over. 我差点儿跌倒。
nearly是副词，意为“几乎，将近”。
【辨析】nearly和almost
相同点 不同点
nearly 两者都可用来修 饰不定代词、形 容词、副词、动 词、介词短语 等，此时两者可 以互换。 不可与nobody、never、none、nothing等具有
否定意义的代词或副词连用，但可与not连
用，not nearly意为“远远不”。在具体数字前常
用nearly
almost 在接近程度上比nearly 更强。可与nobody、
never、none、nothing等具有否定意义的代词
或副词连用
例如：
Nearly everyone knows it. = Almost everyone knows it. 几乎每个人都知道这件事。
It’s nearly lunchtime. 快到午饭时间了。（比如差15分钟）
It’s not nearly so difficult as you think. 这远不像你想象的那么难。（不能用almost）
It’s almost lunchtime. 就要到午饭时间了。（比如差5分钟）
Almost nobody believes that she is nearly 80 years old. 几乎没有人相信她将近80岁了。
2.People were trying to clear the snow from the streets. 人们正努力清除街上的积雪。
clear此处作动词用，意为“清除，清理”。例如：
Remember to clear the rubbish in the school hall. 记得清理学校礼堂的垃圾。
【拓展】clear还可以用作形容词，意为“晴朗的；清晰的”。例如：
It’s a clear lake. 这是一个清澈的湖泊。
3.Suddenly, a strong wind came from behind. 突然，一阵大风从背后吹来。
come from behind意为“从后面来”，behind此处用作副词，意为“在后面”。例如：
He didn’t want to fall behind in his lessons. 他不想在功课方面落后。
【拓展】behind作介词用时，意为“在……的后面”。例如：
There is a park behind our school. 我们学校的后面有一个公园。
基础达标
一、根据句意和中文提示写出单词。
1.The cleaner gets up very early in the morning to ______（清除）
the leaves from the road.
clear
2.It was _______ （将近） eleven o’clock when Tom finished all the
homework last night.
nearly
3.Someone patted me on the shoulder from _______（在后面） when I
was walking back home.
behind
4.________（几乎） no one came to the party.
Almost
5.Sam ______（打破） his father’s glasses just now and he’s afraid to
tell his father about it.
broke
二、用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空。
1._________（cover）your mouth and nose with a wet towel can
protect yourself from smoke.
Covering
2.The snowstorm stopped them from ______（go） home.
going
3.The weather was really terrible. The snow kept _______（fall） from
morning till night.
falling
4.When I got home yesterday, my mother _____________（mop） the
floor.
was mopping
5.When we arrived at the train station, we saw many people ________
（wait） for the trains.
waiting
三、单项选择。
1.—Did you have a big meal yesterday
—No. ________ it was too late to cook, I ordered some fast food
online for supper.( )
C
A.If B.Until C.Since
2.The film was so frightening（骇人的）that everyone couldn’t help
screaming in ________ while watching it last night.( )
C
A.silence B.danger C.fear
3.—How was the rainstorm
—Terrible. It ________ my home town suddenly.( )
A
A.hit B.started C.happened
4.—How did the accident happen
—The girl ________ some messages in WeChat while walking across
the street.( )
C
A.reads B.is reading C.was reading
5.—Jenny, what happened to you You seem a bit angry.
—Bad luck. I was walking across the street when a car ________ hit
me.( )
A
A.nearly B.mainly C.hardly
能力训练
四、从方框中选择恰当的单词并用其正确形式填空。有一个选项是多余的。
bad so remember tired dangerous
sudden after surprised rise should
With more and more cars on the road, the number of traffic
accidents is getting larger. You may be 1. . when you hear
the number of car accidents across China. It 2. . to over 200,000
surprised
rose
in 2020. To stop the situation（情况）from getting 3. ., drivers
should know the following things.
worse
Why car accidents happen
Cars may hit people or other things when drivers feel 4. . and
pay little attention to the road. 5. . drivers should keep their eyes
on the road all the time. Fast running cars may turn around when they
stop 6. .. That’s very dangerous.
tired
So
suddenly
bad so remember tired dangerous
sudden after surprised rise should
What to do 7. . a car accident
If someone gets hurt, you 8. . call 120 first. Don’t give
him any medicine or move him without the doctor’s advice.
9. . to take pictures before you call the traffic police. Drive
to the roadside if possible. It is 10. . to stop on a busy road.
after
should
Remember
dangerous
素养提升
五、书面表达。
日常防火安全很重要，你们学校英语角决定开展主题为“Tips for fire safety”的征文活动。请你根据下表中的信息用英语写一篇短文给英语角，分析火灾的常见原因并给出怎样预防火灾发生的合理建议。
原因 客观原因 天气干燥；闪电
主观原因 吸烟；玩火……
建议 1. 离开时关掉所有的电器（electrical equipment）。 2.用火时注意安全。 3.……
要求：1.包含所有的要点，可以适当发挥；
2.不少于70词。开头已经给出，但不计入总词数。
Tips for fire safety
As we all know, too many fire accidents take place all over the
world every year. Maybe it’s time for us ______________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
to pay attention to fire.
There are many reasons causing the fire, such as the dry weather
and the lightning. Sometimes people themselves do something wrong
that causes these fire, such as smoking, playing with fire and the
wrong use of electricity and so on.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
All above are very dangerous. We should pay attention to our actions. When we leave the room, make sure that we turn off all the electrical equipment. Besides, when we have to use fire, do use it safely. What’s more, we should learn some useful tips for putting out the fire.
知识清单
重点短语
1.___________________自然灾害
natural disasters
2._____________摔倒
fall over
3._______________冲走
wash away
4.______________撞击
crash into
5.______________着火
catch fire
6.__________________四面八方
in all directions
7.______________从……中跑出；用完，耗尽
run out of
8._______________冷静，镇定
calm down
9.___________害怕地
in fear
10._________________崩塌
come down
11._______________一点也不
not...at all
12._____________________找到出路
find one’s way out
13._________________出故障，坏掉
break down
14._______________________保护自己免遭……
protect oneself from
15._____________________遵守交通规则
follow traffic rules
16.________________移开
move away
17.__________________成千上万的
thousands of
18.___________________尽可能……
as...as possible
19.___________________远离
stay away from
重点句子
1._______________________________________地震开始的时候我正在睡觉。
I was sleeping when the earthquake started.
2._____________________________________________________________________________人们在四处逃散，此时，玻璃碎片和砖块在往下掉落。
People were running in all directions while pieces of glass and bricks were falling down.
3.________________________________________我感到紧张，心跳得很快。
I felt nervous and my heart was beating fast.
4.______________________________________我的头脑中掠过一阵恐惧。
A moment of fear went through my mind.
5._____________________________________________________________正当我试图找到出路时，突然听到上方的一些声响。
As I was trying to find my way out, I suddenly heard some noise above me.
6._______________________________________昨天晚上十点时我（不）在睡觉。
I was （not） sleeping at 10 p.m. last night.
7.________________________________________________________当米莉在看电视时，安迪进了房间。
When/While/As Millie was watching TV, Andy came into the room.
重点语法
1. 过去进行时
过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或过去一段时间内正在进行的动作，常与表示过去某一特定时间的状语连用。
（1）过去进行时的基本结构
（2）时间标志词：at that time、（at）this time yesterday、at ten yesterday、from eight to nine this morning等，也可以和 when或while等引导的时间状语从句连用。
2. when、while和as的用法
when、while和as这三个词均可作为时间连词，均意为“当……的时候”，用于过去进行时的句子中。when和as既可以指某一时间点，也可以指一段时间，其引导的从句的谓语动词可以是短暂性的，也可以是延续性的；while只能指一段时间，其引导的从句中的谓语动词必须是延续性的。也就是说：当指一段时间时，三者都可以用。指某一时间点时，只能用when或as，不能用while。