上海南汇中学2023学年第二学期期中考试
高二英语
满分：140分 完成时间：120分钟
第Ⅰ卷
Ⅰ. Listening Comprehension (25’)
Section A (10’)
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1. A. She is too busy. B. She is tired of teaching.
C. She has just resigned. D. She no longer works here.
2. A. Drink less wine. B. Have a blood test.
C. Watch his weight. D. Consume more alcohol.
3. A. She wants to eat more.
B. She doesn’t need any dessert.
C. She prefers something else for dessert.
D. She doesn’t think the ice cream is good.
4. A. $8. B. $10. C. $18. D. $80.
5. A. Doubtful. B. Critical. C. Supportive. D. Uninterested.
6. A. The apartment may be too expensive.
B. The apartment is far from satisfactory.
C. He’d like the woman to find him a new apartment.
D. He’ll move into his new apartment in several months.
7. A. He loves doing shopping.
B. He earned a big sum of money.
C. He is pleased with his new purchase.
D. He paid a high price for his new cellphone.
8. A. She couldn’t find her watch.
B. She feels bad about being late.
C. She had never agreed to meet the man.
D. She forgot what time the library closed.
9. A. The man is willing to go out.
B. The woman insists on going out.
C. The woman prefers to stay at home.
D. The man promised the woman a gift.
10. A. She wouldn’t consider going on the field trip.
B. She thinks the class is too difficult for the man.
C. She has been on the trip herself and has enjoyed it.
D. She thinks there’s a good reason to take the field trip.
Section B (15)
Directions: In Section B, you will hear no short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.
11. A. His experience of choosing presents.
B. His experience of getting lost in a crowd.
C. His experience of having a family outing.
D. His experience of doing window shopping.
12. A. Calm. B. Angry. C. Cheerful. D. Nervous.
13. A. A toy. B. A bag. C. A watch. D. Some sweets.
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.
14. A. An unusual swimming club. B. The advantages of swimming.
C. Divided opinions on swimming. D. The reasons for winter swimming.
15. A. To swim in winter. B. To swim every day.
C. To swim when they feel well. D. To swim when it is not so cold.
16 A. It gets them to feel energetic.
B. It makes them resistant to icy water.
C It does good to their physical health.
D. It accustoms them to different climates.
Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.
17. A. Anew museum. B. Photos in the 1800s.
C. A famous photographer. D. Photography in the 1800s.
18. A. A person’s character. B. A person’s appearance.
C. A person’s social status. D. A person’s role in history.
19. A. Making images look bright. B. Making images look unclear.
C. Showing images in black and white. D. Showing images in different colours.
20. A. Children. B. Historical scenes.
C. Landscapes in her country. D. Well-known people in her time.
Ⅱ. Grammar and Vocabulary (20’)
Section A (10’)
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
To better understand how people express gratitude in normal life, anthropologist (人类学家) Simcon Floyd, at the Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics (心理语言学) in Netherlands and his colleagues organised a large, cross-cultural study covering five continents and eight languages. That _____1_____ (include) English, Italian, Polish, Russian and Lao, as well as unwritten languages such as Cha’palaa, spoken in Ecuador, Murrinh-Patha, used in northern Australia, and Siwu, spoken in Ghana. Both verbal and non-verbal expressions of gratitude, such as a smile or a nod, _____2_____ (regard) as interactions.
Floyd’s team left cameras in household and community settings and captured more than 1,500 instances of social interactions _____3_____ one person asked for something and another responded.
They found that in every culture, people fulfilled requests, but expressions of gratitude, such as saying “thanks” or nodding in appreciation, were remarkably rare, _____4_____ (occur) just 5.5 percent of the time.
English and Italian speakers had slightly _____5_____ (high) rates of gratitude expression — 14.5 percent and 13.5 percent of the time respectively. However, that’s still surprisingly low considering _____6_____ polite Western people think they are, says Floyd. “English speakers are not so different from other people, and often prefer not to express gratitude in informal contexts,” he says.
Cha’palaa speakers had the lowest frequency of expressed gratitude, _____7_____ zero examples in 96 recorded interactions. But this starts to make sense _____8_____ you learn that the language has no easy way to say “thank you”.
Also surprised by the findings was David Peterson, linguist (语言学家) who developed the _____9_____ (construct) language Dothraki for the TV show Game of Thrones. It too, has no word for thank you, something Peterson initially considered unlikely. “I thought that you had to have a word ______10______ (express) gratitude,” he says.
Section B (10’)
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. adaptable B. capacity C. complicated D. decline E. demand F. evaluating G. highlighted H. impacts I. occurs J. pursuing K. survive
Economics survive by continually responding to the world around them. This means employing new technologies or exploiting new international markets when ____11____ growth. Today, these global shifts — dramatic shocks to economies — occur more frequently, are more ____12____ and, in knowledge-based economies are more dependent on talent than ever. In countries where a workforce lacks the skills that are suddenly in ____13____, we see a skills gap emerge. This leads to higher unemployment rates while vacancies increase and productivity and growth decline.
So how can economies ____14____ By adapting. However, unlike the macro-strategies of the last century, people — not just policy — must drive today’s adaptability. Employers and policymakers have long ____15____ the importance of a flexible workforce, but until now it has been difficult to isolate the human element — the willingness and ability of employees to seek out and find opportunities across multiple employers, locations and industries. Our new ability to measure it and analyse talent adaptability — and to start to understand what drives it — are crucial steps forward.
The ____16____ of a market to match supply and demand efficiently depends on the ability and willingness of employers and employees to adapt to changing circumstances and align (使一致) skills with available opportunities. If this alignment is less than perfect, a mismatch ____17____ and optimum productivity can’t be reached.
Adapt to Survive for the first time brings together the two most comprehensive sources of talent data in the world: the real-time behaviours drawn from LinkedIn’s 277 million members and employer information from PwC’s Saratoga database of people and performance metrics (指标) which covers more than 2,600 employers across the globe. This report sets a new benchmark for ____18____ a country’s ability to match talent with opportunity and the movement of people between industries — the Talent Adaptability Score. This score is given to 11 countries. For each country, we evaluate how the Score ____19____ economic performance. Our recommendations are organised around four groups:
● Individuals — Prove your adaptability.
● Employers — Seek out, nurture and reward talents who can adapt.
● Educators — Offer courses and job training that produce _____20_____ people.
● Governments — Create a climate of adaptability.
Ⅲ. Reading Comprehension (45’)
Section A (15’)
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
If you are experiencing physical symptoms that could indicate burnout, consider seeing your primary care doctor or a mental health professional to determine whether they are driven by stress or rooted in other physical condition, Dr. Dyrbye said. Don’t just take no notice of the symptoms and assume they are ____21____.
“It’s really easy to ____22____ your own symptom, especially in our culture, where we are taught to work hard,” Dr. Gold said.
If it is burnout, then the best solution is to ____23____ the root of the problem. Burnout is typically recognised when it is job-driven, but chronic stress can have a variety of ____24____ — financial problems, relationship difficulties, and caregiving burdens, among other things. “Think about the pebbles in your shoe all the time that you have to ____25____,” Dr. Maslach said, “and brainstorm ways to ____26____ some of them, at least some of the time. Perhaps you can ask your partner to help more with your toddler’s bedtime routine, or get takeout when you’re especially busy so you don’t have to plan dinner, too.”
Despite popular culture coverage of the issue, burnout can’t be “fixed” with better self-care, Dr. Maslach said — in fact, this ____27____ only worsens the problem, because it lays the blame and responsibility on those with burnout and implies that they should do more to feel better, which is not the case, she said. However, some lifestyle ____28____ can make burnout less likely. Social support, for instance, can help, Dr. Gold said. This could include talking to a therapist or meeting with friends (even if over Zoom). It may also help to ____29____ mental health or exercise benefits offered by your employer. Sleeping more can help too — so if you’re _____30_____ from a lack of sleep, talk to a doctor about possible treatments, Dr. Bennett suggested.
When burnout _____31_____ job-related difficulties, it may help to request better working conditions. Dr. Maslach suggested brainstorming with co-workers and presenting your _____32_____ with ideas that would help — like providing quiet areas for breaks and personal phone calls, creating “no meeting” days so that employees can have more time to _____33_____, or ensuring that there’s always coffee in the break room. Even small changes like these can reduce the risk for burnout if they fix a problem people _____34_____ at work every day. “It’s the lasting job stressors that make people really _____35_____ after a while. They don’t have the right equipment, they don’t have the things they need, they don’t have enough people to do the work,” Dr. Maslach said.
21. A. beneficial B. insignificant C. straightforward D. overwhelming
22. A. stress B. ignore C. observe D. recognize
23. A. address B. discount C. conceal D. stretch
24. A. subjects B. signs C. causes D. impacts
25. A. pass on B. write down C. rely on D. deal with
26. A. relieve B. remove C. recover D. remark
27. A. implication B. innovation C. indication D. intention
28. A. audiences B. choices C. performances D. sentences
29. A. take charge of B. have interest in C. take notice of D. make use of
30. A. suffering B. shocking C. spreading D. motivating
31. A. accounts for B. depends on C. results from D. contributes to
32. A. employer B. librarian C. customer D. participant
33. A. ensure B. focus C. revise D. check
34. A. neglect B. witness C. encounter D. emphasize
35. A. amazed B. delighted C. surprised D. frustrated
Section B (22’)
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
He’s considered the father of the technological innovation, and apart from that, he was also known as a design perfectionist. There is no single executive or creator in the technology industry who is more creative and inspirational than him, and with that being said he was a one-in-billion creator.
On February 24, 1955, in San Francisco, California, United States, a baby named Steve Jobs entered the world. His parents’ inability to provide for him led to a difficult childhood, one in which he battled with his sense of self and felt constantly confused and unfulfilled. Nonetheless, who could have predicted that this person would cause such a dramatic shift in the information technology The way Steve Jobs showed the world the new products and devices he was working on was truly out of this world, and that’s a big part of why he’s so beloved.
Steve Jobs was well-informed, but he was not a scholar. He possessed a high IQ but showed little enthusiasm for formal education. His main hobbies were playing tricks on people via phone and computer, goofing off with his best friends, and coming up with ground-breaking business concepts.
Steve Jobs’ philosophy on education is well-known at this point; he has stated publicly that he was only able to learn after leaving college. When Steve Jobs and his friend Wozniak were in their early 20s, they came up with the idea for the Apple Computer. Steve Jobs’ Volkswagen bus and Wozniak’s beloved scientific calculator were sold to finance the pair’s garage-based startup. Jobs and Wozniak have been given much of credit for democratizing the computer industry by making computers more user-friendly, portable, and affordable.
Wozniak envisioned a line of accessible and lightning-fast personal computers, and Jobs was put in charge of the company’s marketing and management. From the get-go, Apple sold the computers for up to $666. The unexpected greatness of their early success inspired them to develop more powerful machines. In the 70s, they accomplished what would become the company’s crowning achievement. Assembled by Apple, Inc. , the high-performance computer was an instant success in their home state of California, and its sales helped make Jobs a multimillionaire.
36. Which of the following is a big reason for Jobs being beloved
A. Jobs revolutionized the technology industry.
B. Jobs realized his dream despite his painful childhood.
C. Jobs employed an extraordinary way to present the new devices.
D. Jobs is the most creative and motivational person in the technology industry.
37. What does the underlined phrase “goofing off” in paragraph three most probably mean
A. quitting school B. playing around
C. starting a business D. learning knowledge
38. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage
A Jobs is keen on keeping in contact with friends via phone and computer.
B. Jobs and Wozniak advocated democracy for every staff in the computer industry.
C. Jobs showed less passion for education because of the influence of his difficult childhood.
D. The economic situation was a barrier to Jobs and Wozniak when they started their business.
39. Which of the following does Jobs most probably agree with
A. All things come to those who always choose to wait.
B. The only thing that keeps you going is that you love what you do.
C. Knowledge makes you humble, while ignorance makes you proud.
D. If you look at what you have in your life, you will always have more.
(B)
The Man Who Ate his Boots is a fascinating account of expeditions that went wrong. The book examines the 19th century search for a route to Asia by way of the Northwest Passage through the Arctic Ocean. Author Anthony Brandt describes the many attempts by both land and sea that ended in failure and tragedy, including the 1845 expedition led by Sir John Franklin. Brandt shows how these brave, yet sometimes foolish, explorers could have avoided starvation, frostbite, and even death if they had copied the survival techniques of the local Inuit people. Some of the more surprising details the book reveals include:
IGLOOS The explorers, despite repeatedly watching the Inuit build igloos, insisted on using canvas tents. Tents freeze in sub-zero temperatures and give little protection to anyone inside them. If they had learned to build igloos, the explorers would have been warm even in the worst Arctic weather.
SEALSKIN If the explorers had worn sealskin and furs like the Inuit, they wouldn’t have suffered from the frostbite that was common among them, but rare among the Inuit.
DOG TEAMS Why didn’t the British use dog teams to pull their sleds Pulling sleds themselves was a tradition among many explorers right into the early 20th century. It cost Scott and his men their lives on their return from the South Pole in 1912.
The British did get something right, however, when Captain Edward Parry grew salad vegetables in boxes on board his ship. It was known that fresh vegetables and fresh meat prevented scurvy (坏血病)，although at that time the reason for this (vitamin C) had not been discovered. Parry’s men wouldn’t have been as healthy if they hadn’t eaten the salads.
40. In The Man Who Ate his Boots’ the author mainly ________.
A. introduces some foolish explorers
B. focuses on some unsuccessful expeditions
C. analyzes the Inuit people’s survival techniques
D. explores the advances in equipment used for expeditions
41. According to Anthony Brandt, what should the explorers have done
A. They should have learned more about how seals survived in cold water.
B. They should have set up more canvas tents to keep themselves warm.
C. They should have helped the Inuit people build igloos.
D. They should have used dogs to pull the sleds for them.
42 It can be inferred from the passage that________.
A. Edward Parry found a way to prevent scurvy by accident
B. Edward Parry’s successful voyage was a rare case at that time
C. Edward Parry was the first captain that grew salad vegetables on board
D. Edward Parry’s men could have been more healthy if they took vitamin C
(C)
While some say school safety depends on guns, cameras or alarms in classrooms, Mark Gomer and Kristi Schiller think specially trained dogs should play an important role in preventing violence in schools.
Gomer’s for-profit company has sent a gun-and-drug detecting dog to patrol (巡查) the halls of an Ohio high school, while Schiller is launching a nonprofit program in Houston to give schools the trained dogs for free.
Gomer’s first full-time safety dog is a three-year-old Dutch shepherd named Atticus, who is reported to duty this school year at Oak Hills High School in Green Township in southwest Ohio. The dog was trained at the school before the summer break, said Gomer, co-owner of American Success Dog Training in Bridgetown, Ohio. Atticus has won over students, parents, teachers and district Superintendent Todd Yohey, who initially worried what people would think of him spending $10,000 on a dog. Gomer has talked to a lot of parents and faculty, and they are saying it was money well-spent, he said.
For her part Schiller is looking to provide safety dogs to schools free of charge. She hopes her new initiative, program “K9S4KIDS”, does for schools what her program “K9S4COPS” did for police departments. She has placed more than 60 dogs with agencies in three years. “These dogs are extremely social, yet highly qualified warriors that are accustomed to going straight to the source of a threat or shooter and disengaging the suspect armed with the weapon,” said Schiller.
As the programs get up and running, questions remain about possible health problems and distractions the dogs can cause.
A school safety expert said those are concerns parents and schools will have to work out. Ken Trump, president of the Cleveland-based National School Safety and Security Services consulting firm, discussed the issue in general because he was not familiar with either program.
He said the dogs would have to be extremely social to deal with students’ initial excitement “Kids are going to like those dogs,” Trump said, “There are concerns to work around, but with the right dogs and right handler and the right policies and procedures, they should be very beneficial. The dog might be a distraction in the beginning, but they will become part of what students expect to see when they go to school.” “There is so much these dogs can do,” said Ted Dahlin, a deputy who serves on the K9S4COPS board of directors. “If I were going to pick a school to make trouble, it would be one that I knew didn’t have a dog.”
43. Which of the following statements is TRUE about Gomer’s program
A. Atticus is only welcomed by students.
B. Atticus is provided to the schools free of charge.
C. The main job of Atticus is to patrol a school in Houston.
D. Parents and faculty think the money spent on Atticus is worthwhile.
44. Schiller’s comment on the dogs she provides indicate that ________.
A. dogs have a sharp sense of threat and danger
B. she is confident that the dogs are helpful in schools
C. dogs are a kind of helpful, loyal and qualified animal
D. even suspects armed with weapons are afraid of dogs
45. We can conclude that Ken Trump ________.
A. believes that dogs can be part of students’ school life
B. is a school safety expert supporting one of the programs
C doesn’t approve of students’ attitudes about dogs in schools
D. agrees that the concerns outweigh the benefits of the program
46. What Ted Dahlin has said implies that ________.
A. he is not going to make trouble in schools
B. having a dog strengthens a school’s safety
C. he likes dogs and really wants to have one
D. more should be considered for planning a crime
Section C (8’)
Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
In so many ways, cyberspace (网络空间) mirrors the real world. People ask for information, play games, and share hobby tips. Others buy and sell products. Still others look for friendship, or even love.
Unlike the real world, however, your knowledge about a person is limited to words on a computer screen. Identity and appearance mean very little in cyberspace. ____47____ So even the shyest person can become a chat-room star.
Usually, this “faceless” communication doesn’t create problems. Identity doesn’t really matter when you’re in a chat room discussing politics or hobbies. In fact, this emphasis on the idea themselves makes the Internet a great place for exciting conversation. Where else can so many people come together to chat about their interests
____48____ They are looking for serious love relationships. Is cyberspace a good place to find love That answer depends on whom you ask. Some of these relationships actually succeed. Others fail miserably.
Supporters of online relationships claim that the Internet allows couples to get to know each other intellectually first. Personal appearance doesn’t get in the way.
But critics of online relationships argue that no one can truly know another person in cyberspace. Why Because the Internet gives users a lot of control over how others view them. Internet users can carefully craft their words to fit whatever image they want to give. And they don’t have to worry about what their “faceless” communication is doing for their image. ____49____
All of this may be fine if the relationship stays in cyberspace. But not knowing a person is a big problem in a love relationship. ____50____ This inevitably leads to disappointment when couples meet in person. How someone imagines an online friend is often quite different from the real person.
So, before looking for love in cyberspace, remember the advice of Internet pioneer Clifford Stoll: “Life in the real world is far richer than anything you’ll find on a computer screen.”
A. Rather, a person’s thoughts-or at least the thoughts they type-are what really count.
B. In a sense, they’re not really themselves.
C. With so many unknowns, it’s easy to let one’s imagination “fill in the blanks”.
D. But Some Internet users want more than just someone to chat with.
E. The internet encourages people to express their ideas in a freer way.
F. However,online relationship will be damaged by this kind of image.
Ⅳ. Summary Writing (10’)
51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words.Use your own words as far as possible.
Are you a textaholic
Do you spend over an hour each day texting your friends Do you frequently neglect work, study and leisure activities to check your phone for text message Are you moody and emotional if you are separated from your mobile phone Do you hardly ever use your phone to talk any more, and do your thumbs from texting too much
If you answered 'Yes' to any of the above questions, then the chances are that you are a textaholic.A textaholic can be defined as someone who is addicted to sending and receiving text messages.The main symptoms are strong will to text which takes precedence over (优先于) everything else, and withdrawal symptoms (戒断症状)if messages fail to come in, leading to anger, depression and a lack of self-respect.Other problems include sleeplessness, eye strain, and repetitive strain injury due to constant messaging, not to mention expensive phone bills.The root of the problem, as with many addictions, is the desire to escape from emotional difficulties such as stress, anxiety and relationship problems.Experts warn that text addiction is likely to become the most common form of addiction in the future, especially among the young.
So what can you do if you think you may be textaholic The key is to get your life back in balance.Make sure you resist the urge to answer every message you receive, and consider leaving your mobile phone behind occasionally when you go out.Most importantly, make a point of spending quality time with friends and family, and make time to re — learn the art of face-to-face conversation instead of conducting your relationships by means of text messages.Not only will you save time and money, but you may also rediscover the pleasure of true communication.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
第Ⅱ卷
Ⅴ. Translation (15’)
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
52. 应该更多强调独立完成作业的重要性。 (emphasis) (汉译英)
____________________________________________________________________________________
53. 天气开始好转，这让村民们欣喜若狂。 (which) (汉译英)
____________________________________________________________________________________
54. 考虑到自己的优势，他毫不犹豫地放弃了一份高薪的工作，决定献身于社区。(given) (汉译英)
____________________________________________________________________________________
55. 毋庸置疑，空气污染是一个极其严重的问题，但令人欣慰的是，政府正采取有力措施来解决它。 (deny) (汉译英)
____________________________________________________________________________________
Ⅵ. Guided Writing (25’)
56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
假设你是光明中学的李华，你校学生会即将组织一次校园义卖活动，日前已在校园网发布初步方案，征求师生意见。请你给学生会写一封邮件，包含以下两点：
1. 提出你觉得需要改进的地方；
2. 改进建议及理由。
校园义卖活动初步方案 时间：2024年4月25日（周四）12:20 — 13:10 地点：学校操场 拟售物品：明信片、书签、笔记本等
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________上海南汇中学2023学年第二学期期中考试
高二英语
满分：140分 完成时间：120分钟
第Ⅰ卷
Ⅰ. Listening Comprehension (25’)
Section A (10’)
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1. A. She is too busy. B. She is tired of teaching.
C. She has just resigned. D. She no longer works here.
2. A. Drink less wine. B. Have a blood test.
C. Watch his weight. D. Consume more alcohol.
3 A. She wants to eat more.
B. She doesn’t need any dessert.
C. She prefers something else for dessert.
D. She doesn’t think the ice cream is good.
4. A. $8. B. $10. C. $18. D. $80.
5. A. Doubtful. B. Critical. C. Supportive. D. Uninterested.
6. A. The apartment may be too expensive.
B. The apartment is far from satisfactory.
C. He’d like the woman to find him a new apartment.
D. He’ll move into his new apartment in several months.
7. A. He loves doing shopping.
B. He earned a big sum of money.
C. He is pleased with his new purchase.
D. He paid a high price for his new cellphone.
8. A. She couldn’t find her watch.
B. She feels bad about being late.
C. She had never agreed to meet the man.
D. She forgot what time the library closed.
9. A. The man is willing to go out.
B. The woman insists on going out.
C. The woman prefers to stay at home.
D. The man promised the woman a gift.
10. A. She wouldn’t consider going on the field trip.
B. She thinks the class is too difficult for the man.
C. She has been on the trip herself and has enjoyed it.
D. She thinks there’s a good reason to take the field trip.
Section B (15)
Directions: In Section B, you will hear no short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.
11. A. His experience of choosing presents.
B. His experience of getting lost in a crowd.
C. His experience of having a family outing.
D. His experience of doing window shopping.
12. A. Calm. B. Angry. C. Cheerful. D. Nervous.
13. A. A toy. B. A bag. C. A watch. D. Some sweets.
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.
14. A. An unusual swimming club. B. The advantages of swimming.
C. Divided opinions on swimming. D. The reasons for winter swimming.
15. A. To swim in winter. B. To swim every day.
C. To swim when they feel well. D. To swim when it is not so cold.
16. A. It gets them to feel energetic.
B. It makes them resistant to icy water.
C. It does good to their physical health.
D. It accustoms them to different climates.
Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.
17. A. Anew museum. B. Photos in the 1800s.
C. A famous photographer. D. Photography in the 1800s.
18. A. A person’s character. B. A person’s appearance.
C. A person’s social status. D. A person’s role in history.
19. A. Making images look bright. B. Making images look unclear.
C. Showing images in black and white. D. Showing images in different colours.
20. A. Children. B. Historical scenes.
C. Landscapes in her country. D. Well-known people in her time.
Ⅱ. Grammar and Vocabulary (20’)
Section A (10’)
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
To better understand how people express gratitude in normal life, anthropologist (人类学家) Simcon Floyd, at the Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics (心理语言学) in Netherlands and his colleagues organised a large, cross-cultural study covering five continents and eight languages. That _____1_____ (include) English, Italian, Polish, Russian and Lao, as well as unwritten languages such as Cha’palaa, spoken in Ecuador, Murrinh-Patha, used in northern Australia, and Siwu, spoken in Ghana. Both verbal and non-verbal expressions of gratitude, such as a smile or a nod, _____2_____ (regard) as interactions.
Floyd’s team left cameras in household and community settings and captured more than 1,500 instances of social interactions _____3_____ one person asked for something and another responded.
They found that in every culture, people fulfilled requests, but expressions of gratitude, such as saying “thanks” or nodding in appreciation, were remarkably rare, _____4_____ (occur) just 5.5 percent of the time.
English and Italian speakers had slightly _____5_____ (high) rates of gratitude expression — 14.5 percent and 13.5 percent of the time respectively. However, that’s still surprisingly low considering _____6_____ polite Western people think they are, says Floyd. “English speakers are not so different from other people, and often prefer not to express gratitude in informal contexts,” he says.
Cha’palaa speakers had the lowest frequency of expressed gratitude, _____7_____ zero examples in 96 recorded interactions. But this starts to make sense _____8_____ you learn that the language has no easy way to say “thank you”.
Also surprised by the findings was David Peterson, linguist (语言学家) who developed the _____9_____ (construct) language Dothraki for the TV show Game of Thrones. It too, has no word for thank you, something Peterson initially considered unlikely. “I thought that you had to have a word ______10______ (express) gratitude,” he says.
【答案】1. included
2. were regarded
3. in which##where
4. occurring
5. higher 6. how
7. with 8. once
9. constructed
10. to express
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章详细描述了人类学家进行的一项跨文化研究，探讨了不同文化中人们如何表达感激之情，并对研究结果进行了分析和解释。
【1题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：这包括英语、意大利语、波兰语、俄语和老挝语，以及一些不成文的语言，如厄瓜多尔使用的Cha’palaa语、澳大利亚北部使用的Murrinh-Patha语和加纳使用的Siwu语。include作本句谓语，本句描述过去发生的事情，时态用一般过去时。故填included。
【2题详解】
考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：口头和非口头表达的感激，如微笑或点头，都被视为互动。regard作本句谓语，和主语Both verbal and non-verbal expressions of gratitude之间是被动关系，用被动语态，描述的是已发生的事，用一般过去时，且主语是复数，be动词应用were。故填were regarded。
【3题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：Floyd的团队在家庭和社区设置了摄像头，并捕捉了1500多个社交互动的实例，其中一个人提出要求，另一个人回应。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词是social interactions，在从句中作地点状语，用where或者in which引导。故填where/in which。
【4题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：他们发现，在每种文化中，人们都会完成请求，但表达感激之情，比如说“谢谢”或点头表示赞赏，却非常罕见，只占5.5%。句子已有谓语，空处是非谓语动词，occur和逻辑主语expressions of gratitude之间是主动关系，故用现在分词，作状语。故填occurring。
【5题详解】
考查形容词比较级。句意：说英语和意大利语的人表达感激之情的比例略高，分别为14.5%和13.5%。结合语境可知，此处有比较的含义，表示“更高的比例”，且前面有副词slightly修饰，所以用形容词high的比较级形式。故填higher。
【6题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：然而，Floyd说，考虑到西方人认为自己多么有礼貌，这个比例仍然低得令人惊讶。此处是一个宾语从句，从句是主系表结构，空处修饰形容词polite，应用连接副词how引导宾语从句，表示“西方人认为自己多么有礼貌”。故填how。
【7题详解】
考查介词。句意：在96次记录的互动中，Cha’palaa语使用者表达感激的频率最低，为零。结合“zero examples in 96 recorded interactions”可知，此处表示“有着”，用介词with。故填with。
【8题详解】
考查状语从句。句意：但一旦你了解到这门语言没有简单的方式说“谢谢”，这就开始说得通了。空处前后为两个句子，所以空处应填连词，结合前后内容可知，此处表达“一旦”之意，应用once引导条件状语从句。故填once。
【9题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：同样对这些发现感到惊讶的还有语言学家David Peterson，他为电视剧《权力的游戏》创造了一种构造语言Dothraki语。此处是非谓语动词作定语，修饰language，且language和construct之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词作定语。故填constructed。
【10题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：他说：“我以为你必须有一个词来表达感激之情。”本句已有谓语，所以express用非谓语形式，此处表word的功能，用不定式作定语，表示“一个用来表达感激之情的词”。故填to express。
Section B (10’)
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. adaptable B. capacity C. complicated D. decline E. demand F. evaluating G. highlighted H. impacts I. occurs J. pursuing K. survive
Economics survive by continually responding to the world around them. This means employing new technologies or exploiting new international markets when ____11____ growth. Today, these global shifts — dramatic shocks to economies — occur more frequently, are more ____12____ and, in knowledge-based economies are more dependent on talent than ever. In countries where a workforce lacks the skills that are suddenly in ____13____, we see a skills gap emerge. This leads to higher unemployment rates while vacancies increase and productivity and growth decline.
So how can economies ____14____ By adapting. However, unlike the macro-strategies of the last century, people — not just policy — must drive today’s adaptability. Employers and policymakers have long ____15____ the importance of a flexible workforce, but until now it has been difficult to isolate the human element — the willingness and ability of employees to seek out and find opportunities across multiple employers, locations and industries. Our new ability to measure it and analyse talent adaptability — and to start to understand what drives it — are crucial steps forward.
The ____16____ of a market to match supply and demand efficiently depends on the ability and willingness of employers and employees to adapt to changing circumstances and align (使一致) skills with available opportunities. If this alignment is less than perfect, a mismatch ____17____ and optimum productivity can’t be reached.
Adapt to Survive for the first time brings together the two most comprehensive sources of talent data in the world: the real-time behaviours drawn from LinkedIn’s 277 million members and employer information from PwC’s Saratoga database of people and performance metrics (指标) which covers more than 2,600 employers across the globe. This report sets a new benchmark for ____18____ a country’s ability to match talent with opportunity and the movement of people between industries — the Talent Adaptability Score. This score is given to 11 countries. For each country, we evaluate how the Score ____19____ economic performance. Our recommendations are organised around four groups:
● Individuals — Prove your adaptability.
● Employers — Seek out, nurture and reward talents who can adapt.
● Educators — Offer courses and job training that produce _____20_____ people.
● Governments — Create a climate of adaptability.
【答案】11. J 12. C
13. E 14. K
15. G 16. B
17. I 18. F
19. H 20. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了经济体制如何通过适应不断变化的环境来生存，特别是在全球化和知识型经济背景下，对人才的依赖日益增加。文章还介绍了Adapt to Survive这份报告，该报告利用领英和普华永道Saratoga的数据，为评估国家的人才适应能力设定了新的基准——人才适应性得分。
【11题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：这意味着在追求增长的同时采用新技术或开拓新的国际市场。when引导的状语从句同时省略了主语和be动词，空处是非谓语动词，结合“growth”可推知，J项pursuing“追求”符合题意，表示追求增长。故填J。
【12题详解】
考查形容词。句意：今天，这些全球变化——对经济的巨大冲击——发生得更频繁、更复杂，而且在知识型经济体中，比以往任何时候都更加依赖人才。空处和more构成形容词比较级，作句子的表语，结合“these global shifts”可推知，C项complicated“复杂的”符合题意，表示全球变化更复杂。故填C。
【13题详解】
考查名词。句意：在劳动力缺乏突然有需求的技能的国家，我们看到了技能差距的出现。空处作介词in的宾语，构成介词短语，作that引导的定语从句的表语，结合“a workforce lacks the skills”可推知，E项demand“需求”符合题意，短语be in demand意为“有需要”，表示突然有需求的技能。故填E。
【14题详解】
考查动词。句意：那么，经济体如何生存呢？空处和情态动词can构成句子的谓语，结合上一段中的“This leads to higher unemployment rates while vacancies increase and productivity and growth decline.”可推知，K项survive“生存”符合题意，提问经济体如何生存。故填K。
【15题详解】
考查动词。句意：雇主和政策制定者长期以来一直强调灵活劳动力的重要性，但到目前为止，很难将人的因素孤立出来——员工在多个雇主、地点和行业中寻找和找到机会的意愿和能力。空处和助动词have构成句子的谓语，结合“the importance of a flexible workforce”可推知，G项highlighted“强调”符合题意，表示强调灵活劳动力的重要性。故填G。
【16题详解】
考查名词。句意：市场有效匹配供需的能力取决于雇主和雇员适应不断变化的环境并将技能与现有机会结合起来的能力和意愿。空处作句子的主语，结合“to match supply and demand efficiently”可推知，B项capacity“能力”符合题意，固定搭配capacity to do sth.意为“做某事的能力”，表示有效匹配供需的能力。故填B。
【17题详解】
考查动词。句意：如果这种一致不够完美，就会发生不匹配，无法达到最佳生产力。空处作谓语，结合“a mismatch”可推知，I项occurs“发生”符合题意，表示会发生不匹配。故填I。
【18题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：这份报告为评估一个国家将人才与机会相匹配的能力以及人员在不同行业之间流动的能力设定了一个新的基准——人才适应性得分。空处作介词for的宾语，空后有名词短语，结合“a new benchmark for”可推知，F项evaluating“评估”符合题意，表示评估的基准。故填F。
【19题详解】
考查动词。句意：对于每个国家，我们评估分数如何影响经济表现。空处作how引导的宾语从句的谓语，结合“economic performance”可推知，H项impacts“影响”符合题意，表示影响经济表现。故填H。
【20题详解】
考查形容词。句意：教育者——提供课程和职业培训，培养适应能力强的人才。空处作修饰people的定语，结合其他三点中涉及到的“adaptability”和“adapt”可推知，A项adaptable“适应性强的”符合题意，表示培养适应能力强的人才。故填A。
Ⅲ. Reading Comprehension (45’)
Section A (15’)
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
If you are experiencing physical symptoms that could indicate burnout, consider seeing your primary care doctor or a mental health professional to determine whether they are driven by stress or rooted in other physical condition, Dr. Dyrbye said. Don’t just take no notice of the symptoms and assume they are ____21____.
“It’s really easy to ____22____ your own symptom especially in our culture, where we are taught to work hard,” Dr. Gold said.
If it is burnout, then the best solution is to ____23____ the root of the problem. Burnout is typically recognised when it is job-driven, but chronic stress can have a variety of ____24____ — financial problems, relationship difficulties, and caregiving burdens, among other things. “Think about the pebbles in your shoe all the time that you have to ____25____,” Dr. Maslach said, “and brainstorm ways to ____26____ some of them, at least some of the time. Perhaps you can ask your partner to help more with your toddler’s bedtime routine, or get takeout when you’re especially busy so you don’t have to plan dinner, too.”
Despite popular culture coverage of the issue, burnout can’t be “fixed” with better self-care, Dr. Maslach said — in fact, this ____27____ only worsens the problem, because it lays the blame and responsibility on those with burnout and implies that they should do more to feel better, which is not the case, she said. However, some lifestyle ____28____ can make burnout less likely. Social support, for instance, can help, Dr. Gold said. This could include talking to a therapist or meeting with friends (even if over Zoom). It may also help to ____29____ mental health or exercise benefits offered by your employer. Sleeping more can help too — so if you’re _____30_____ from a lack of sleep, talk to a doctor about possible treatments, Dr. Bennett suggested.
When burnout _____31_____ job-related difficulties, it may help to request better working conditions. Dr. Maslach suggested brainstorming with co-workers and presenting your _____32_____ with ideas that would help — like providing quiet areas for breaks and personal phone calls, creating “no meeting” days so that employees can have more time to _____33_____, or ensuring that there’s always coffee in the break room. Even small changes like these can reduce the risk for burnout if they fix a problem people _____34_____ at work every day. “It’s the lasting job stressors that make people really _____35_____ after a while. They don’t have the right equipment, they don’t have the things they need, they don’t have enough people to do the work,” Dr. Maslach said.
21. A. beneficial B. insignificant C. straightforward D. overwhelming
22. A. stress B. ignore C. observe D. recognize
23. A. address B. discount C. conceal D. stretch
24. A. subjects B. signs C. causes D. impacts
25. A. pass on B. write down C. rely on D. deal with
26. A. relieve B. remove C. recover D. remark
27. A. implication B. innovation C. indication D. intention
28. A. audiences B. choices C. performances D. sentences
29. A. take charge of B. have interest in C. take notice of D. make use of
30. A. suffering B. shocking C. spreading D. motivating
31. A. accounts for B. depends on C. results from D. contributes to
32. A. employer B. librarian C. customer D. participant
33. A. ensure B. focus C. revise D. check
34. A. neglect B. witness C. encounter D. emphasize
35. A. amazed B. delighted C. surprised D. frustrated
【答案】21. B 22. B 23. A 24. C 25. D 26. B 27. A 28. B 29. D 30. A 31. C 32. A 33. B 34. C 35. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍职业倦怠的问题。
【21题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：不要忽视这些症状，以为它们无关紧要。A. beneficial有益的；B. insignificant无意义的；C. straightforward直接的；D. overwhelming势不可挡的。根据上文“Don’t just take no notice of the symptoms”可知，人们会忽视这些症状，应该是认为它们无关紧要，所以作者才建议人们不要忽视这些症状。故选B。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：戈尔德博士说：“忽视自己的症状真的很容易，尤其是在我们的文化中，我们被教导要努力工作。”A. stress压力；B. ignore忽视；C. observe观察；D. recognize认出。根据下文“in our culture, where we are taught to work hard”可知，在Dr. Gold的文化中，人们被教导要努力工作，所以他们应该是很容易就忽视了因为工作而导致的疲劳问题。故选B。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果是倦怠，那么最好的解决方案就是解决问题的根源。A. address解决；B. discount打折；C. conceal取消；D. stretch伸展。根据上文“solution”可知，这里应该是指要解决问题的根源。故选A。
【24题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：倦怠通常是由工作驱动的，但慢性压力有多种原因——经济问题、关系困难和照顾负担等。A. subjects话题；B. signs符号；C. causes原因；D. impacts影响。根据下文“financial problems, relationship difficulties, and caregiving burdens”可知，这些是导致慢性压力的原因。故选C。
【25题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：Maslach博士说：“时刻想想你鞋子里的鹅卵石，想出一些去除它们的方法，至少在某些时候是这样。也许你可以让你的伴侣更多地帮助你蹒跚学步的孩子的就寝时间，或者在你特别忙的时候叫外卖，这样你就不必计划晚餐了。”A. pass on传递；B. write down写下；C. rely on依赖；D. deal with处理。根据上文“Think about the pebbles in your shoe all the time”可知，鞋子里有鹅卵石，接下来应该是要想方法去解决这个问题。故选D。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：见第5题详解。A. relieve缓解；B. remove移除；C. recover康复；D. remark评论。根据上文“brainstorm ways”可知，鞋子里有鹅卵石，要想出一些去除它们的方法。故选B。
【27题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：事实上，这一暗示只会使问题恶化，因为它将过错和责任归咎于倦怠者，并暗示他们应该做更多的事情来感觉更好，但事实并非如此。A. implication含义，影响；B. innovation创新；C. indication表明；D. intention意图。根据下文“implies”可知，这里指上文提到的“但倦怠并不能通过更好的自我照顾来‘解决’”暗含的意思。故选A。
【28题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，一些生活方式的选择会降低倦怠的可能性。A. audiences观众；B. choices选择；C. performances表演；D. sentences句子。根据下文“This could include talking to a therapist or meeting with friends (even if over Zoom).”可知，这里指人们选择的生活方式。故选B。
【29题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：这也可能有助于利用雇主提供的心理健康或锻炼福利。A. take charge of管理；B. have interest in对……感兴趣；C. take notice of注意；D. make use of利用。根据下文“mental health or exercise benefits”可知，这里指人们可以利用心理健康或锻炼福利来达到缓解倦怠的目的。故选D。
30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：Bennett博士建议，多睡也有帮助，所以如果你睡眠不足，可以和医生谈谈可能的治疗方法。A. suffering遭受；B. shocking震惊；C. spreading展开；D. motivating有动力。根据下文“from a lack of sleep”可知，这里指一些人正在遭受睡眠不足的痛苦。故选A。
【31题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：当工作相关的困难导致倦怠时，要求更好的工作条件可能会有所帮助。A. accounts for占比；B. depends on依赖；C. results from因为；D. contributes to对……有贡献。根据下文“job-related difficulties”可知，这里应该是指工作相关的困难可能会导致倦怠。故选C。
【32题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：Maslach博士建议与同事集思广益，向雇主提出一些有帮助的想法，比如提供安静的休息区和私人电话，创造“不开会”的日子，让员工有更多的时间集中注意力，或者确保休息室里总是有咖啡。A. employer雇主；B. librarian图书馆；C. customer顾客；D. participant参与者。根据下文“with ideas that would help”可知，这里应该是指把有帮助的想法告诉给老板。故选A。
【33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：见第12题详解。A. ensure确保；B. focus集中；C. revise修改；D. check检查。根据上文“creating “no meeting” days”可知，创造“不开会”的日子，应该是可以让员工有更多的时间集中注意力在工作上。故选B。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果能解决人们每天在工作中遇到的问题，即使是这样的小变化也能降低倦怠的风险。A. neglect忽视；B. witness目睹；C. encounter遇见；D. emphasize强调。根据上文“problem”可知，这里应该是指人们在工作中遇到的问题。故选C。
【35题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Maslach博士说：“正是持久的工作压力让人们在一段时间后感到沮丧。他们没有合适的设备，没有所需的东西，没有足够的人来做这项工作。”A. amazed吃惊的；B. delighted高兴的；C. surprised吃惊的；D. frustrated沮丧的。根据上文“the lasting job stressors”可知，持久的工作压力应该是会让人们在一段时间后感到沮丧。故选D。
Section B (22’)
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
He’s considered the father of the technological innovation, and apart from that, he was also known as a design perfectionist. There is no single executive or creator in the technology industry who is more creative and inspirational than him, and with that being said he was a one-in-billion creator.
On February 24, 1955, in San Francisco, California, United States, a baby named Steve Jobs entered the world. His parents’ inability to provide for him led to a difficult childhood, one in which he battled with his sense of self and felt constantly confused and unfulfilled. Nonetheless, who could have predicted that this person would cause such a dramatic shift in the information technology The way Steve Jobs showed the world the new products and devices he was working on was truly out of this world, and that’s a big part of why he’s so beloved.
Steve Jobs was well-informed, but he was not a scholar. He possessed a high IQ but showed little enthusiasm for formal education. His main hobbies were playing tricks on people via phone and computer, goofing off with his best friends, and coming up with ground-breaking business concepts.
Steve Jobs’ philosophy on education is well-known at this point; he has stated publicly that he was only able to learn after leaving college. When Steve Jobs and his friend Wozniak were in their early 20s, they came up with the idea for the Apple Computer. Steve Jobs’ Volkswagen bus and Wozniak’s beloved scientific calculator were sold to finance the pair’s garage-based startup. Jobs and Wozniak have been given much of credit for democratizing the computer industry by making computers more user-friendly, portable, and affordable.
Wozniak envisioned a line of accessible and lightning-fast personal computers, and Jobs was put in charge of the company’s marketing and management. From the get-go, Apple sold the computers for up to $666. The unexpected greatness of their early success inspired them to develop more powerful machines. In the 70s, they accomplished what would become the company’s crowning achievement. Assembled by Apple, Inc. , the high-performance computer was an instant success in their home state of California, and its sales helped make Jobs a multimillionaire.
36. Which of the following is a big reason for Jobs being beloved
A. Jobs revolutionized the technology industry.
B. Jobs realized his dream despite his painful childhood.
C. Jobs employed an extraordinary way to present the new devices.
D. Jobs is the most creative and motivational person in the technology industry.
37. What does the underlined phrase “goofing off” in paragraph three most probably mean
A. quitting school B. playing around
C. starting a business D. learning knowledge
38. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage
A. Jobs is keen on keeping in contact with friends via phone and computer.
B. Jobs and Wozniak advocated democracy for every staff in the computer industry.
C. Jobs showed less passion for education because of the influence of his difficult childhood.
D. The economic situation was a barrier to Jobs and Wozniak when they started their business.
39. Which of the following does Jobs most probably agree with
A. All things come to those who always choose to wait.
B. The only thing that keeps you going is that you love what you do.
C. Knowledge makes you humble, while ignorance makes you proud.
D. If you look at what you have in your life, you will always have more.
【答案】36. C 37. B 38. D 39. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍乔布斯的创业史。
【36题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“The way Steve Jobs showed the world the new products and devices he was working on was truly out of this world, and that’s a big part of why he’s so beloved. (史蒂夫·乔布斯向世界展示他正在研发的新产品和设备的方式真的是太棒了，这也是他如此受人喜爱的重要原因。)”可知，乔布斯受人爱戴是因为他采用了一种非同寻常的方式来展示这些新设备。故选C。
【37题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第三段“He possessed a high IQ but showed little enthusiasm for formal education. His main hobbies were playing tricks on people via phone and computer, goofing off with his best friends, (他智商很高，但对正规教育却没有什么热情。他的主要爱好是通过电话和电脑捉弄人，和最好的朋友一起goofing off。)”可知，这里主要介绍乔布斯和其他同龄人不一样的地方：不喜欢上学，捉弄别人，所以应该是会和好朋友一起出去玩，goofing off的意思应该是“玩耍”，和选项B意思一致。故选B。
【38题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“Steve Jobs’ Volkswagen bus and Wozniak’s beloved scientific calculator were sold to finance the pair’s garage-based startup. (史蒂夫·乔布斯的大众汽车和沃兹尼亚克心爱的科学计算器被出售，为这两个人的车库初创公司提供资金。)”可知，有限的经济条件是乔布斯和沃兹尼亚克刚刚创业时的一大障碍。故选D。
【39题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“Steve Jobs was well-informed, but he was not a scholar. He possessed a high IQ but showed little enthusiasm for formal education. His main hobbies were playing tricks on people via phone and computer, goofing off with his best friends, and coming up with ground-breaking business concepts. (史蒂夫·乔布斯见多识广，但他不是一个学者。他智商很高，但对正规教育却没有什么热情。他的主要爱好是通过电话和电脑捉弄人，和最好的朋友一起闲逛，以及提出开创性的商业概念。)”和第四段“When Steve Jobs and his friend Wozniak were in their early 20s, they came up with the idea for the Apple Computer. Steve Jobs’ Volkswagen bus and Wozniak’s beloved scientific calculator were sold to finance the pair’s garage-based startup. Jobs and Wozniak have been given much of credit for democratizing the computer industry by making computers more user-friendly, portable, and affordable. (当史蒂夫·乔布斯和他的朋友沃兹尼亚克20岁出头的时候，他们想出了苹果电脑的主意。史蒂夫·乔布斯的大众汽车和沃兹尼亚克心爱的科学计算器被出售，为这对夫妇的车库初创公司提供资金。乔布斯和沃兹尼亚克通过使计算机更加用户友好、便携和价格合理，使计算机行业民主化，这在很大程度上得到了赞扬。)”可知，乔布斯因为对创新的热爱和坚持让他在计算机领域获得了成功。故选B。
(B)
The Man Who Ate his Boots is a fascinating account of expeditions that went wrong. The book examines the 19th century search for a route to Asia by way of the Northwest Passage through the Arctic Ocean. Author Anthony Brandt describes the many attempts by both land and sea that ended in failure and tragedy, including the 1845 expedition led by Sir John Franklin. Brandt shows how these brave, yet sometimes foolish, explorers could have avoided starvation, frostbite, and even death if they had copied the survival techniques of the local Inuit people. Some of the more surprising details the book reveals include:
IGLOOS The explorers, despite repeatedly watching the Inuit build igloos, insisted on using canvas tents. Tents freeze in sub-zero temperatures and give little protection to anyone inside them. If they had learned to build igloos, the explorers would have been warm even in the worst Arctic weather.
SEALSKIN If the explorers had worn sealskin and furs like the Inuit, they wouldn’t have suffered from the frostbite that was common among them, but rare among the Inuit.
DOG TEAMS Why didn’t the British use dog teams to pull their sleds Pulling sleds themselves was a tradition among many explorers right into the early 20th century. It cost Scott and his men their lives on their return from the South Pole in 1912.
The British did get something right, however, when Captain Edward Parry grew salad vegetables in boxes on board his ship. It was known that fresh vegetables and fresh meat prevented scurvy (坏血病)，although at that time the reason for this (vitamin C) had not been discovered. Parry’s men wouldn’t have been as healthy if they hadn’t eaten the salads.
40. In The Man Who Ate his Boots’ the author mainly ________.
A. introduces some foolish explorers
B. focuses on some unsuccessful expeditions
C. analyzes the Inuit people’s survival techniques
D. explores the advances in equipment used for expeditions
41. According to Anthony Brandt, what should the explorers have done
A. They should have learned more about how seals survived in cold water.
B. They should have set up more canvas tents to keep themselves warm.
C. They should have helped the Inuit people build igloos.
D. They should have used dogs to pull the sleds for them.
42. It can be inferred from the passage that________.
A. Edward Parry found a way to prevent scurvy by accident
B. Edward Parry’s successful voyage was a rare case at that time
C. Edward Parry was the first captain that grew salad vegetables on board
D. Edward Parry’s men could have been more healthy if they took vitamin C
【答案】40. B 41. D 42. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。介绍的是一本名为The Man Who Ate his Boots的探险书，书中讲述了一次失败的探险，并在文章中列出了几项书中透露的惊人细节。
【40题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Author Anthony Brandt describes the many attempts by both land and sea that ended in failure and tragedy, including the 1845 expedition led by Sir John Franklin.(作者Anthony Brandt描述了许多以失败和悲剧告终的陆地和海上尝试，包括1845年由约翰·富兰克林爵士领导的探险队。)”可知，描述的主要是以失败和悲剧告终的探险活动，由此可推断，书中主要集中讲述几次不成功的探险。故选B项。
【41题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Why didn’t the British use dog teams to pull their sleds Pulling sleds themselves was a tradition among many explorers right into the early 20th century. It cost Scott and his men their lives on their return from the South Pole in 1912.(为什么英国人不使用狗队来拉雪橇？拉雪橇本身是许多探险家的传统，直到20世纪初。1912年，Scott和他的手下从南极返回时，他们付出了生命的代价。)”可知，Anthony Brandt在指责探险队为什么不使用狗拉爬犁而造成探险队员付出生命的代价。故选D项。
【42题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“The British did get something right, however, when Captain Edward Parry grew salad vegetables in boxes on board his ship. It was known that fresh vegetables and fresh meat prevented scurvy (坏血病)，although at that time the reason for this (vitamin C) had not been discovered. Parry’s men wouldn’t have been as healthy if they hadn’t eaten the salads.(然而，当船长Edward Parry在他船上用盒子种植沙拉蔬菜时，英国人确实做对了。众所周知，新鲜蔬菜和新鲜肉类可以预防坏血病，尽管当时尚未发现其原因（维生素C）。如果Parry的手下没有吃沙拉，他们就不会那么健康。)”可知，尽管那时候没有人知道新鲜蔬菜和肉能预防坏血病的发生，但是Parry在船上种植沙拉蔬菜，却让船上的人很健康，由此可推断，Parry无意中发现预防坏血病的方法。故选A项。
(C)
While some say school safety depends on guns, cameras or alarms in classrooms, Mark Gomer and Kristi Schiller think specially trained dogs should play an important role in preventing violence in schools.
Gomer’s for-profit company has sent a gun-and-drug detecting dog to patrol (巡查) the halls of an Ohio high school, while Schiller is launching a nonprofit program in Houston to give schools the trained dogs for free.
Gomer’s first full-time safety dog is a three-year-old Dutch shepherd named Atticus, who is reported to duty this school year at Oak Hills High School in Green Township in southwest Ohio. The dog was trained at the school before the summer break, said Gomer, co-owner of American Success Dog Training in Bridgetown, Ohio. Atticus has won over students, parents, teachers and district Superintendent Todd Yohey, who initially worried what people would think of him spending $10,000 on a dog. Gomer has talked to a lot of parents and faculty, and they are saying it was money well-spent, he said.
For her part Schiller is looking to provide safety dogs to schools free of charge. She hopes her new initiative, program “K9S4KIDS”, does for schools what her program “K9S4COPS” did for police departments. She has placed more than 60 dogs with agencies in three years. “These dogs are extremely social, yet highly qualified warriors that are accustomed to going straight to the source of a threat or shooter and disengaging the suspect armed with the weapon,” said Schiller.
As the programs get up and running, questions remain about possible health problems and distractions the dogs can cause.
A school safety expert said those are concerns parents and schools will have to work out. Ken Trump, president of the Cleveland-based National School Safety and Security Services consulting firm, discussed the issue in general because he was not familiar with either program.
He said the dogs would have to be extremely social to deal with students’ initial excitement “Kids are going to like those dogs,” Trump said, “There are concerns to work around, but with the right dogs and right handler and the right policies and procedures, they should be very beneficial. The dog might be a distraction in the beginning, but they will become part of what students expect to see when they go to school.” “There is so much these dogs can do,” said Ted Dahlin, a deputy who serves on the K9S4COPS board of directors. “If I were going to pick a school to make trouble, it would be one that I knew didn’t have a dog.”
43. Which of the following statements is TRUE about Gomer’s program
A. Atticus is only welcomed by students.
B. Atticus is provided to the schools free of charge.
C. The main job of Atticus is to patrol a school in Houston.
D. Parents and faculty think the money spent on Atticus is worthwhile.
44. Schiller’s comment on the dogs she provides indicate that ________.
A. dogs have a sharp sense of threat and danger
B. she is confident that the dogs are helpful in schools
C. dogs are a kind of helpful, loyal and qualified animal
D. even suspects armed with weapons are afraid of dogs
45. We can conclude that Ken Trump ________.
A. believes that dogs can be part of students’ school life
B. is a school safety expert supporting one of the programs
C. doesn’t approve of students’ attitudes about dogs in schools
D. agrees that the concerns outweigh the benefits of the program
46. What Ted Dahlin has said implies that ________.
A. he is not going to make trouble in schools
B. having a dog strengthens a school’s safety
C. he likes dogs and really wants to have one
D. more should be considered for planning a crime
【答案】43. D 44. B 45. A 46. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。短文报道了狗应该在防止学校暴力方面发挥重要作用。
【43题详解】
：细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Gomer has talked to a lot of parents and faculty, and they are saying it was money well-spent, he said”（Gomer说，他已经和很多家长和教职员工谈过，他们都认为这笔钱花得值得），可知家长和教职员工认为在Atticus身上花的钱是值得的。故选D。
【44题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第四段““These dogs are extremely social, yet highly qualified warriors that are accustomed to going straight to the source of a threat or shooter and disengaging the suspect armed with the weapon,” said Schiller.”（Schiller说，这些狗非常社交，但是他们是高度训练有素的战士，习惯于直接找到威胁或射手的源头，并使持有武器的嫌疑人失去战斗力），可知Schiller对她提供的狗有信心，认为它们在学校中会有所帮助。故选B。
【45题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“The dog might be a distraction in the beginning, but they will become part of what students expect to see when they go to school.”（狗在开始可能会分散注意力，但它们会成为学生上学期待看到的一部分），可知Ken Trump相信狗可以成为学生学校生活的一部分。故选A。
【46题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“If I were going to pick a school to make trouble, it would be one that I knew didn’t have a dog.”（如果我要选择一个学校制造麻烦，那肯定是我知道没有狗的那个学校），可知Ted Dahlin暗示有狗可以增强学校的安全。故选B。
Section C (8’)
Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
In so many ways, cyberspace (网络空间) mirrors the real world. People ask for information, play games, and share hobby tips. Others buy and sell products. Still others look for friendship, or even love.
Unlike the real world, however, your knowledge about a person is limited to words on a computer screen. Identity and appearance mean very little in cyberspace. ____47____ So even the shyest person can become a chat-room star.
Usually, this “faceless” communication doesn’t create problems. Identity doesn’t really matter when you’re in a chat room discussing politics or hobbies. In fact, this emphasis on the idea themselves makes the Internet a great place for exciting conversation. Where else can so many people come together to chat about their interests
____48____ They are looking for serious love relationships. Is cyberspace a good place to find love That answer depends on whom you ask. Some of these relationships actually succeed. Others fail miserably.
Supporters of online relationships claim that the Internet allows couples to get to know each other intellectually first. Personal appearance doesn’t get in the way.
But critics of online relationships argue that no one can truly know another person in cyberspace. Why Because the Internet gives users a lot of control over how others view them. Internet users can carefully craft their words to fit whatever image they want to give. And they don’t have to worry about what their “faceless” communication is doing for their image. ____49____
All of this may be fine if the relationship stays in cyberspace. But not knowing a person is a big problem in a love relationship. ____50____ This inevitably leads to disappointment when couples meet in person. How someone imagines an online friend is often quite different from the real person.
So, before looking for love in cyberspace, remember the advice of Internet pioneer Clifford Stoll: “Life in the real world is far richer than anything you’ll find on a computer screen.”
A. Rather, a person’s thoughts-or at least the thoughts they type-are what really count.
B. In a sense, they’re not really themselves.
C. With so many unknowns it’s easy to let one’s imagination “fill in the blanks”.
D. But Some Internet users want more than just someone to chat with.
E. The internet encourages people to express their ideas in a freer way.
F. However,online relationship will be damaged by this kind of image.
【答案】47. E 48. D 49. A 50. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。指出有些网络用户寻求线上恋爱关系，以及对此赞成和反对的观点。
【47题详解】
上文“Identity and appearance mean very little in cyberspace. (身份和外表在网络空间中意义不大。)”指出在网络上，身份和外貌并不重要。下文“So even the shyest person can become a chat-room star. (因此，即使是最害羞的人也可以成为聊天室明星。)”指出，现实中害羞的人在网上也可以畅所欲言。选项E“The internet encourages people to express their ideas in a freer way. (互联网鼓励人们以更自由的方式表达自己的想法。)”指出互联网对自由表达自己的鼓励，这延续上文进一步指出互联网的特性，也是下文的原因，因此符合语境。故选E项。
【48题详解】
下文“They are looking for serious love relationships. (他们正在寻找严肃的恋爱关系。)”指出，有一类人在互联网上寻求严肃恋爱关系。选项D“But some Internet users want more than just someone to chat with. (但一些互联网用户想要的不仅仅是聊天对象。)”指出有一些网络用户想要的不仅仅是简单聊天，下文是对该选项的进一步说明，两者为递进关系，因此符合语境。故选D项。
【49题详解】
上文“And they don’t have to worry about what their “faceless” communication is doing for their image. (而且他们不必担心他们的“无脸”交流会对他们的形象产生什么影响。)”指出网络上的交流，哪怕是无理的，也不会对一个人的形象造成影响。选项A“Rather, a person’s thoughts-or at least the thoughts they type-are what really count. (相反，一个人的想法或至少他们键入的想法才是真正重要的。)”指出在互联网上重要的是人们呈现在其中的思想，这是对上文的补充说明，符合语境。故选A项。
【50题详解】
上文“But not knowing a person is a big problem in a love relationship. (但不了解一个人是恋爱关系中的一个大问题。)”指出，恋爱关系中对这个人了解不够是一个大问题。下文“This inevitably leads to disappointment when couples meet in person. (这不可避免地会导致这对恋人见面时的失望。)”指出，网络上的恋人如果要线下见面，可能因为某事而失望。选项C“With so many unknowns, it’s easy to let one’s imagination “fill in the blanks”. (有这么多未知，很容易让一个人的想象力“填补空白”。)”指出因为网络恋爱两个人不够了解，他们可能通过想象来添补了解的不够，该选项是上文的补充说明，也是导致下文所说的见面问题的原因，符合语境。故选C项。
Ⅳ. Summary Writing (10’)
51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words.Use your own words as far as possible.
Are you a textaholic
Do you spend over an hour each day texting your friends Do you frequently neglect work, study and leisure activities to check your phone for text message Are you moody and emotional if you are separated from your mobile phone Do you hardly ever use your phone to talk any more, and do your thumbs from texting too much
If you answered 'Yes' to any of the above questions, then the chances are that you are a textaholic.A textaholic can be defined as someone who is addicted to sending and receiving text messages.The main symptoms are strong will to text which takes precedence over (优先于) everything else, and withdrawal symptoms (戒断症状)if messages fail to come in, leading to anger, depression and a lack of self-respect.Other problems include sleeplessness, eye strain, and repetitive strain injury due to constant messaging, not to mention expensive phone bills.The root of the problem, as with many addictions, is the desire to escape from emotional difficulties such as stress, anxiety and relationship problems.Experts warn that text addiction is likely to become the most common form of addiction in the future, especially among the young.
So what can you do if you think you may be textaholic The key is to get your life back in balance.Make sure you resist the urge to answer every message you receive, and consider leaving your mobile phone behind occasionally when you go out.Most importantly, make a point of spending quality time with friends and family, and make time to re — learn the art of face-to-face conversation instead of conducting your relationships by means of text messages.Not only will you save time and money, but you may also rediscover the pleasure of true communication.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Textaholics are those who can't live without text messages, without which health problems may arise physically and mentally. （要点1）The problem is caused by mental trouble a person has in life.（要点2）To solve it, one should try to live a balanced life, getting isolated from the mobile phone and having more personal communication with family and friends.（要点3）
【解析】
【分析】本篇书面表达是概要写作。
【详解】读完所给文章后用不多于60个词总结文章要点，要尽量用自己的语言。这是一篇议论文，通读全文可以从以下三方面进行概括：
要点一：短信狂是指那些生活中离不开短信的人，没有短信就可能出现身体和精神上的健康问题。可用到的词汇有：arise, physically and mentally, health problem等
要点二：这个问题是由生活中的精神问题引起的。可用到的词汇有：cause, metal trouble等。
要点三：为了解决这个问题，一个人应该尝试过一种平衡的生活，远离手机，与家人和朋友有更多的私人交流。可用到的词汇有：solve， try to do sth., a balanced life, isolated, personal communication等。
本篇以一般现在时为主。
第Ⅱ卷
Ⅴ. Translation (15’)
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
52. 应该更多强调独立完成作业的重要性。 (emphasis) (汉译英)
____________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】More emphasis should be placed on the importance of doing homework independently.
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语。表示“更多强调”应用more emphasis作主语；place作谓语，与主语构成被动关系，且should后跟动词原形；表示“独立完成作业的重要性”翻译为the importance of doing homework independently，动名词作宾语。故翻译为More emphasis should be placed on the importance of doing homework independently.
53. 天气开始好转，这让村民们欣喜若狂。 (which) (汉译英)
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【答案】The weather began to improve, which made the villagers wild with joy.
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句、名词、动词（短语）和形容词。根据句意，该句描述的是过去的事情，所以使用一般过去时，表示“天气”为the weather作主语，位于句首，the的首字母需大写，表示“开始”为begin，用一般过去时，所以应为began作谓语，表示“好转”应为improve，根据begin to do 可知，此处使用动词不定式形式；根据提示，表示“这让村民们欣喜若狂”应为非限制性定语从句，“天气开始好转”在从句中作主语，所以使用关系代词which作从句的主语，表示“让”应为make，使用一般过去时，所以应为made作谓语，表示“村民们”应为the villagers作宾语，表示“欣喜若狂”应为形容词短语wild with joy作宾补。故翻译为The weather began to improve, which made the villagers wild with joy.
54. 考虑到自己的优势，他毫不犹豫地放弃了一份高薪的工作，决定献身于社区。(given) (汉译英)
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【答案】Given his advantages, he did not hesitate to give up a high-paying job and decided to devote himself to the community.
【解析】
【详解】考查短语和时态。“考虑到”用介词given，后接名词作宾语；“自己的优势”翻译为his advantages；“犹豫做某事”用短语hesitate to do sth.；“放弃”用短语give up；“一份高薪的工作”翻译为a high-paying job；“决定做某事”用短语decide to do sth.；“献身于”用短语devote oneself to；“社区”翻译为community。句子陈述过去事情，用一般过去时。故翻译为Given his advantages, he did not hesitate to give up a high-paying job and decided to devote himself to the community.
55. 毋庸置疑，空气污染是一个极其严重的问题，但令人欣慰的是，政府正采取有力措施来解决它。 (deny) (汉译英)
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【答案】There is no denying that air pollution is an extremely serious problem, but to people’s relief, the government is taking strong measures to deal with it.
【解析】
【详解】考查固定句型，时态和短语。根据句意，描述一般事实用一般现在时，结合提示词，“毋庸置疑”可用句型there is no denying that，that引导同位语从句，解释说明denying，“空气污染是一个极其严重的问题”译为 air pollution is an extremely serious problem，but表示转折，“令人欣慰的是”译为to people’s relief ，“政府正采取有力措施来解决它”用现在进行时表示正在进行的动作，译为the government is taking strong measures to deal with it。故翻译为There is no denying that air pollution is an extremely serious problem, but to people’s relief, the government is taking strong measures to deal with it.
Ⅵ. Guided Writing (25’)
56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
假设你是光明中学的李华，你校学生会即将组织一次校园义卖活动，日前已在校园网发布初步方案，征求师生意见。请你给学生会写一封邮件，包含以下两点：
1. 提出你觉得需要改进的地方；
2. 改进建议及理由。
校园义卖活动初步方案 时间：2024年4月25日（周四）12:20 — 13:10 地点：学校操场 拟售物品：明信片、书签、笔记本等
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【答案】 I’m more than happy to know that school’s student union is about to organize a campus charity sale, and a preliminary plan has been released on the campus network recently. Here I have some ideas to share with you.
First, I think it better to make the time on the afternoon of May 26th, Friday. Because, for the sake of convenience, after the sale activity, we could go home with what we get instead of taking them to the places we go at school. Besides, whether the goods we bring to the sale can be books If so, we can donate them to the students in the poor remote areas and they can broaden their horizons from the books.
I would appreciate it if you can take my suggestions into consideration.
【解析】
【导语】本文是应用文。要求考生给学生会写一封邮件，对已在校园网发布的校园义卖活动初步方案提出建议和意见。
【详解】1. 词汇积累
非常：more than→very
高兴的：happy→glad
将要：be about to→be going to
建议：suggestion→tip
2. 句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：First, I think it better to make the time on the afternoon of May 26th, Friday.
拓展句：First, I think it is better to make the time on the afternoon of May 26th, Friday.
【点睛】【高分句型1】I’m more than happy to know that school’s student union is about to organize a campus charity sale, and that a preliminary plan has been released on the campus network recently.（由that引导的宾语从句）
【高分句型2】Besides, whether the goods we bring to the sale can be books （由省略连词that引导的定语从句）
