2023-2024年八年级英语牛津译林版下册期末复习专题六阅读理解专练（含解析）

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
2023-2024年八年级英语牛津译林版下册期末复习
专题（六）阅读理解专练
（一）
We are told to pay
attention to what our mothers tell us. Most of us enjoys listening to our
speak. Scientists have found that compared to other people's voices, our brains
greatly prefer the voices of our own mothers.
Scientists at Stanford University, US,
recently studied this. They scanned (扫描) children's brains while they were
listening to different sounds, including their mothers' voices. They found that
97 percent of the time, children could recognize their mothers' voices at once.
Hearing their mothers' voices makes
children's brains more active. We usually just use one
part of our
brain to deal with sounds when we hear something. But when we hear our
mothers
voices, many parts of the brain, including those in charge of (负责)
reward (奖赏) and emotion (情感). start to work as well.
Why do we respond so strongly to our
mothers' voices It starts even before we're born. When children are still in
the womb (子宫) or have just been born, they hear their mothers talking. This
makes babies feel comfortable and teaches them language and social skills, even
though they are still very young. The babies learn to recognize their mothers'
voices as a rewarding (奖励性的） sound. Later, when this sound is
heard again, more attention is paid to it.
Some sounds are necessary for our survival
or bring us pleasure. These sounds are recognized by our brains as rewarding
sounds. Most human voices are not recognized in this way, since we hear them so
often. But mothers' voices are different. They bring us a lot of comfort.
（1）Which sentence is true according to the passage
A．Mothers prefer the sounds from their children.
B．97% of the children could recognize their mothers' voice at once.
C．The babies learn to recognize their mothers' voice as a survival sound.
D．When we hear our mothers' voice, many parts of the brain start to work as well.
（2）According to paragraph 4, why do we response so strongly to our mothers' voices
A．Because we can get love from the voices
B．Because we can get a reward from the voices
C．Because their voice make us fell comfortable
D．Because we can recognize their voices quickly
（3）What is the story mainly about
A．How we recognize our mothers' voices
B．Why we prefer to hear our mothers' voices
C．How we respond to different kinds of sounds
D．Why we should listen carefully to our mothers
（二）
What's wrong with your
computer
Will you feel helpless
if your home computer breaks down In fact, there are some basic things that
you can do on your own. Here is a simple guide for you.
Check
your connections It's the smartest
thing that you can do when you run into a computer problem. Many network
problems are as simple as a bad connection. They can be solved quickly. Begin
by restarting your router. Then, check all network lines or the power source. Restart
your computer Turn your computer
off and on again when it can't operate as usual. In most cases, your computer
will correct itself. Many simple computer problems can be solved in this way.
And if s the easiest way.
Write
down the error messages Error messages are very important for
solving computer problems. Write them down as they come out. This way, you
can look them up online later using your smart phone. You will also be able
to talk to a computer repairman with better accuracy (准确). Do
some simple tests Search online for a list of things that
could be the cause of your problem. Test each of them, one by one, to rule
out (排除) impossible ones. You can also tell your computer repairman your
findings so that he or she will find it easier to fix your broken machine.
5．When your computer breaks down, the easiest thing you can do is to ___________.
A．check your connections B．restart your computer
C．write down the error messages D．do some simple tests
6．According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE
A．Restart your router, and your computer will correct itself.
B．Error messages only help when you look them up online.
C．You can search online or ask a computer repairman for help.
D．A computer repairman can easily solve any computer problem.
7．Where would you be most likely to read the passage
A．In a sports newspaper. B．In a user's guide.
C．In a restaurant menu. D．In a shopping list.
（三）
CNN-China launched (发射) another manned mission (载人任务) to its new space station on Sunday, sending three astronauts (宇航员) who will continue space work for six months.
The astronauts lifted off on the Shenzhou-14 spacecraft at 10:44 a. m. , June 5th, 2022, launched from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center in the Gobi Desert, Inner Mongolia.
The crew includes Chen Dong, Liu Yang and Cai Xuzhe. Chen was aboard China's Shenzhou-11 manned space mission in 2016 and once held the record for longest stay in space bya Chinese astronaut. Liu became the first ever Chinese woman in space in 2012 on the Shenzhou-9 mission. And this will be Cai's first mission in space. The team will live and work at the Tiangong Space Station's Tianhe core module (核心仓) for six months before returning to Earth. It marks a new step in China's space program.
Six months is the standard mission duration (标准任务期限) for many countries—but it is an important chance for Chinese astronauts to be accustomed to a long-term stay in space and help prepare future astronauts to do the same.
Six space missions have been scheduled (规划) before the end of the year, including another manned mission, two laboratory modules and two cargo missions.
The team aboard Shenzhou-14 will help with the docking, setting up and testing of the two laboratory modules Wentian and Mengtian, which are ready to launch in July and October this year.
8．The three astronauts will come back to the earth this
A．July B．October C．November D．December
9．What does the underlined phrase "be accustomed to" mean in Paragraph 4
A．适应 B．完善 C．总结 D．享受
10．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage
A．It was Chen Dong's second time to get into space.
B．Mengtian will be launched earlier than Wentian this year.
C．Six more space missions will be scheduled after Shenzhou-14.
D．All the international astronauts should work in space for 6months.
11．Which can be the best title for the passage
A．China's new space station
B．A new step in China's space program
C．Great Chinese astronauts
D．Another successful moon landing mission
（四）
It has troubled almost
anyone thinking carefully about a word for some time. Think about the word
"flower". F-l-o-w-e-r. Flowers. The flower in the field. The flower
in the grass. Flower. Flower. Flower.
F-l-o-w-e-r !
①
_______ Did the word just break into pieces before your eyes, become strange
and unable to understand, or some meaningless letters If so, what just
happened to you is nothing new, In fact. the phenomenon (现象) was first described in The American Journal of Psychology in
1907;""Ifa word is looked at carefully for some time, it will be
found to become strange and foreign. …"Or, as Urban Dictionary describes
the situation: "When you say a word so much, it starts to sound strange"
②
__________Over the years, this phenomenon has got many different names, but the
best known one is semantic satiation (语义饱和) . Leon
James, a professor of psychology at the University of Hawaii's firstly used it in 1962. James did many
experiments to find out how semantic satiation affects (影响) thinking.
③_________
It's a kind of mental fatigue (心理疲劳) , he said. When a
brain gets started, it takes more energy to start the second time, and still
more the third time. And finally, it won't even answer until you wait a few
seconds for the fourth time. "This gave me an idea: If you keep saying a
word, the meaning in the word keeps being repeated, and then it becomes more
difficult to understand when you continue to pay attention to it."
④________
Some new medical research showed that it could be used to treat steering (口吃). Businessmen have begun rethinking their ways of selling. One
example is "Double Eleven. "Because of overuse, "Double Eleven
is no longer as exciting and popular today as it once was.
12．The writer uses the example of "flower" at the beginning to_
A．tell us the word is hard to remember
B．show us his or her love of flowers
C．help catch the topic of the passage quickly
D．teach us how to read it better
13．The sentence "Today, semantic satiation continues to be studied in different fields. "can go in _______________.
A．① B．② C．③ D．④
14．The underlined word "it" in Paragraph 4 refers to (指代)_____________.
A．a phenomenon B．a situation C．a name D．a word
15．What can we infer from the passage
A．According to Leon James's research, Stuttering can be cured.
B．The more times your brain gets started, the more energy it takes.
C．A word will become strange because of some meaningless letters.
D．People are now more interested in "Double Eleven" than before.
（五）
Chinese
is mainly divided into 13 dialects (方言)
and these dialects can be further divided into many kinds of local dialects.
Putonghua (or Mandarin) the predominant dialect, is spoken by over 70%
of the population and is one of the 6 official languages of the United Nations.
Within these large dialect groups, there are small groups, many of which are
difficult to understand. In Fujian, for example, people living 10 kilometres
away from one another can be speaking different Min dialects.
Putonghua.
It is the mother dialect of Chinese living in northern China and Sichuan
Province. It is called Guoyu in some parts of China, like Hong Kong, Macao (澳门) and Taiwan. It is known in English as Mandarin Chinese, or
Standard Chinese.
Wu.
Spoken in Shanghai, most of Zhejiang and the southern parts of Jiangsu and
Anhui. Wu is made up of hundreds of different of spoken forms.
Hakka/Kejia.
Hakka is widely spoken in Fujian, Taiwan, and some countries in Southeast Asia.
Min.
It is spoken in Fujian, Taiwan, and Southeast Asia. Min group is the most
diverse (多样的), with many different
spoken forms used in neighbouring countries.
Yue.
It is spoken in Guangdong, Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan, all over Southeast Asia
and by many Chinese living abroad.
16．What does the underlined word "predominant" mean
A．More beautiful. B．More special.
C．More interesting. D．More common.
17．What do you know about Putonghua after reading this passage
A．It is used by a small group of people in China.
B．It is spoken only by people in Mainland China.
C．It is included in the official languages of the United Nations.
D．It is the mother dialect of people living in southern China.
18．Based on he passage, which of the following is true
A．Most people in Anhui speak Kejia.
B．Wu is the local dialect of Shanghai.
C．Yue has the most different spoken forms.
D．Most people in Hong Kong speak Min.
（六）
THE CAMBERWELL NEWS
The news you want—the way you want it. Monday, 24 May 2021 CHILDREN IN NEED On Friday 21 May, the children and staff at Camberwell Grammar School dressed up as heroes and superheroes to raise money for children in need. The money we raised will go to charities across the country to help and support children who are less fortunate than us. In total, more than $300 has been raised.
19．The picture above is part of ________.
A．a club newspaper B．a school newspaper
C．a club advertisement D．a school advertisement
20．The children dressed up ________.
A．on 21 May B．on 22 May C．on 23 May D．on 24 May
21．The children took part in ________.
A．a sports event B．a game show
C．a charity event D．a fashion show
（七）
Many
years ago in 1971, the US table tennis team was at the World Championship in
Japan. The team from China was also there. This championship took place during
the days of Cold War, so the American and the Chinese players didn't even talk
to each other.
Glen
Cowan, form the US team, didn't like this situation. One day, he saw a Chinese
player and invited him to play. They played together for 15 minutes, and Cowan
missed the US bus back to the hotel.
Then,
something surprising happened. One of the Chinese players waved to Cowan from
the Chinese bus. He thought for a moment and then he got on the bus. But the
Chinese players didn't talk to him. Suddenly, Zhuang Zedong, three times world
champion, came up to Cowan. "What are you doing " said the other
Chinese players. "Don't talk to him! Don't make trouble!" Zedong gave
Cowan a silk scarf. "I give you this to show the friendship of the Chinese
people to the American people," he said through a translator. Cowan wanted
to give something back, but he didn't have anything with him.
Then
the bus arrived at the hotel. There were lots of reporters — it was big news to
see an American and a Chinese player together. Later, Cowan bought a T-shirt
with a peace flag on it, and he gave it to Zedong. The two men became friends.
In
the same year, the US team got an invitation to visit China, and in February
1972, US President Richard Nixon went to China on a historic visit. Mary people
say that the two men and their friendship made a better relationship between
their countries possible.
22．Why didn't the American and Chinese players talk to each other
A．Because they didn't know each other.
B．Because they couldn't understand each other's words.
C．Because of the Cold War.
D．Because they competed for the World Championship.
23．What was the special thing Zhuang Zedong did
A．He invited Glen Cowan to play table tennis.
B．He waved to Cowan from the Chinese bus.
C．He followed his team members' advice and didn't talk to Glen Cowan.
D．He became friends with Glen Cowan.
24．Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage
A．Glen Cowan played with a Chinese player for fifteen minutes.
B．Glen Cowan gave Zhuang Zedong a silk scarf to show the friendship.
C．The reporters were surprised to see an American player and a Chinese player together.
D．China invited the US team and the President Richard Nixon visited China in February, 1972.
25．Where can we probably find this passage
A．Novel B．Dictionary
C．Science fiction D．History book
（八）
Have
you ever paid for educational podcasts (播客)
or live videos Ask some people and most of them will say yes.
"Pay-for-knowledge" has been more and more fashionable these years.
The contents of these "pay-for-knowledge" products are from language
learning to gardening or baby-caring. Everything you think of can be found
online at this moment. "Pay-for-knowledge" is on the rise(兴起).
Why
is "pay-for-knowledge" industry developing so rapidly First, its
development is based on the Internet. With a fast network and a smartphone,
anyone who has passed the identity (身份)
check can be an online teacher, and anyone with an online account (帐户) can buy "pay-for-knowledge" products. Second, people are
afraid to miss any information. On one hand, people hope for more useful
information. On the other hand, such information is usually at the hands of
experts who serve famous companies and universities. Moreover, the need to
learn new skills in today's job market also pushes people to learn on such
educational podcasts.
The
industry of "pay-for-knowledge" has proved to be lucrative. It
promises possibilities of turning information into money. It is good for the
development of our country and it can help sellers make lots of money. Besides,
buyers can enjoy self-growth from it. What's more, this is a reflection(反映)of respect for knowledge and talents.
However,
the rapid rise of "pay-for-knowledge" has a few problems. For one
thing, the market is full of eye-catching words such as "How to be an
Industry's Expert in 5 Hours" and "15 Classes to Be a Master of
Appreciating(欣赏) Classical Music",
which sound like if you pay for it, you are sure to succeed. For another, a
large number of customers buy them just for showing off. In fact, those who
have really had self-growth after buying online courses may be the kind of
people who need them least. In other words, with or without these courses, they
can make it anyway, because they are those who have the ability to learn by
themselves.
In
general, the best is the one that suits you most. "Pay-for-knowledge"
may be used as a good start for self-growth. Be careful! Otherwise, your dream
of success may not come true.
26．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage
A．"Pay-for-knowledge" products can help all the people succeed.
B．"Pay-for-knowledge" products can offer people different kinds of courses.
C．People who can teach themselves need "pay-for-knowledge" products most.
D．People must learn from experts who serve famous companies and universities.
27．Which is NOT the reason for "pay-for-knowledge" industry developing so rapidly
A．The fast network and smartphone make it possible for people to get.
B．People are afraid to miss any useful information.
C．People need to learn new skills in today's job market.
D．People are forced to pay for educational podcasts or live videos.
28．What can we learn about "pay-for-knowledge" industry from Paragraph 2
A．The history of its rise. B．The problems of its products.
C．The advantages of its products. D．The causes of its rise.
29．The underlined phrase "be lucrative" in Paragraph 3 means "________".
A．produce lots of money B．get much information
C．win great respect D．enjoy self-growth
30．The main purpose of this passage is to ________.
A．recommend the "pay-for-knowledge" products to people
B．advise everyone to learn knowledge by themselves online
C．remind people to choose "pay-for-knowledge" products wisely
D．teach parents how to buy some online courses for their children
（九）
Carlos,
Marie and their three-year-old little brother Mosh had some free time before
dinner. There was a TV show about fire safety, so they watched it. The show was
about to end when Mrs. Garza said, "Wash your
hands. It's time for dinner."
Carlos could
hardly wait to surprise his dad with the cake he and Marie made. As soon as
dinner was over, Carlos and Marie stood up. "Excuse us," Carlos said.
"We'll be back in a minute."
The
two kids went into the kitchen. Carlos put lots of candles on the cake. After
Marie lit (点燃) the candles,
Carlos carried the cake to the table. He put it in front of his dad and
said, "Happy birthday, Dad. Make a wish and blow out the
candles."
Just
then Mosh took a bottle (瓶) of water and poured it on the cake. The candles went out. Mr.
Garza quickly cleared the table.
"Mosh, you ruined (毁坏) Dad's cake," Carlos cried. "Fires on birthday candles should be blown out."
"It
will be all right,"
Mrs. Garza said. "We'll just give it some time to dry out. I'm sure it
will still taste delicious."
"I'm
sorry Mosh ruined your surprise," Marie said.
"Mosh gave me a bigger surprise," Dad said, laughing. "Maybe since my candles went out so fast, my wish
will come true soon."
31．What did the three kids do before dinner
A．They watched TV. B．They bought a cake.
C．They did homework. D．They cleaned the room.
32．The underlined word "it" refers to "the _______".
A．table B．cake C．candle D．cup
33．Who poured water on the cake
A．Carlos. B．Marie. C．Mosh. D．Mrs. Garza.
34．Which of the following words can describe Mr. Garza
A．Shy. B．Brave. C．Strict. D．Funny.
35．What's the best title of the passage
A．A Fire Accident B．A Birthday Wish
C．A Fire Safety Show D．A Birthday Surprise
（十）
Once upon a time, the weather was so dry that little food grew. A rich gentleman invited twenty of the poorest children in the town to him, and said, "Here is a basket, and there is a loaf (条) of bread for each of you. Take it, and come back to me every day at this hour till better times come."
The hungry children rushed around the basket, and fought for the bread, because each wished to have the largest loaf. At last they went away without even thanking the good gentleman.
But Gretchen, a poorly-dressed little girl, did not fight, but kept standing far away. After those noisy children left, she took the smallest loaf, which was the only one left in the basket. Then she kissed the gentleman's hand, and went home.
The next day the children were as rude as before, and poor, shy Gretchen got a loaf only half the size of the one she got the first day. When she came home, her mother cut the bread open, many shining pieces of gold fell out of it! Her mother was very surprised, and said, "Take the money back to the good gentleman at once! It must have got into the loaf by mistake. Be quick, Gretchen! Be quick!"
But when the little girl gave the gold pieces and her mother's message to the rich man, he said, "No, no, my child, it was no mistake. I put the gold pieces into the smallest loaf to give you rewards (奖赏). Remember always be as satisfied, peaceful, and thankful as you now are. Go home now, and the money is your own."
36．The hungry children fought because ________.
A．they wanted to get the gold
B．they were the poorest in the town
C．each wanted to have the largest bread
D．The gentleman wanted them to compete with each other
37．The Chinese meaning of "rude" is "________".
A．温柔的 B．粗鲁的 C．坚强的 D．虚伪的
38．The next day, Gretchen got ________.
A．a larger loaf than the one she got the first day
B．a loaf as the same size of the one she got the first day
C．the smallest loaf with many shining pieces of gold in it
D．the largest loaf left in the basket
39．What can we know about Gretchen
A．She was a rich and kind girl. B．She didn't like gold.
C．She always wore good clothes. D．She was thankful to the gentleman.
40．What's the best title of the passage
A．Hidden Rewards
B．The Importance of Politeness (礼貌)
C．A Good Gentleman (绅士)
D．A Friend in Need is a Friend Indeed
阅读理解
Dear Carl, Thank
you so much for the surprise party! I had no idea that you had it at my
favorite restaurant. When I opened the door, everyone jumped out and gave me
a big surprise! It's really great to have a friend like you. Yours, Daisy
Dear Mrs.
Green, Thanks
to generous donations (慷慨的捐赠) like yours, the 6th Toys Ahoy Toy Drive was a great success! We
got more than 5,000 new toys for poor children in Marin County. Your donation
means that more children will have wonderful and beautiful gifts on Christmas.
Sincerely, Paul Wilson
Dear Miss
Johnson, Thank
you so much for being such an excellent teacher of Bill and the other eighth
graders last year. Your creative (创新的）way of teaching science made Bill enjoy this subject so much. We
moved house this year. Bill is excited to go to the new school, but don't be
surprised if he goes to visit you from time to time. Yours, Mrs. Miller
41．Where was the surprise party for Daisy
A．In a hotel. B．At a restaurant.
C．In Daisy's office. D．At a new school.
42．What did Mrs. Green do
A．She gave away toys. B．She helped clean toys.
C．She visited poor children. D．She had a surprise party.
43．What subject does Miss Johnson teach
A．English. B．Math. C．Chinese. D．Science.
44．What's the probable relationship between Bill and Mrs. Miller
A．Son and mother. B．Cousin and aunt.
C．Parent and teacher. D．Student and teacher.
45．All the three letters are ______.
A．to friends B．to teachers
C．thank-you letters D．invitation letters
【答案解析】
（一）【答案】（1）D（2）C（3）B
【解析】【分析】文章大意：这篇短文主要介绍了一项科学研究，我们的大脑更喜欢来自我们母亲的声音和原因。
（1）推理判断题。根据第三段But when we hear our mothers' voices, many parts of the brain, including those in charge of(负责)reward(奖赏)《reward()andemotion《((情感)start to work as well.但是当我们听到母亲的声音时,大脑的许多部分,包括负责奖励和情绪的部分也开始工作。故选D。
（2）细节理解题。根据第四段中they hear their mothers talking. This makes babies feel comfortable.他们会听到母亲的谈话这会让婴儿感到舒适,结合本段可以推测出,我们对母亲的声音反应如此强烈,是因为他们的声音让我们感到舒服。故选C。
（3）主旨大意题。根据第一段Scientists have found that compared to other people's voices, our brains greatly prefer the voices of our own mothers.和全文内容可知这个故事主要是关于我们为什么更喜欢听妈妈的声音，故选B。
【点评】考查阅读理解。主旨大意题是在阅读和理解全文的基础上对文章进行归纳，概括和总结。不能只凭文中的只言片语而断章取义，需要在细读全文的基础上进行逻辑思维推理判断，从而获取文章中内含的信息。
（二）【答案】5．B6．C7．B
【解析】【分析】本文主要介绍了几种解决电脑问题的方法。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题和主旨题，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。
5．细节理解题。根据“ Many simple computer problems can be solved in this way. And if s the easiest way.”可知简单的电脑问题都能通过重启解决，这是解决电脑问题最简单的方法，故选B。
6．细节理解题。根据“This way, you can look them up online later using your smart phone. You will also be able to talk to a computer repairman with better accuracy”可知遇到电脑问题，可以在网上查询或者向电脑维修员求助，因此C选项正确，故选C。
7．主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了解决电脑故障为题的方法，结合选项，最可能出现在使用者手册上，故选B。
（三）【答案】8．D9．A10．A
11．B
【解析】【分析】本文主要讲述了神舟十四号载人航天任务在中国航天计划中的新进展。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题、词义猜测题和主旨题三种常考题型，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；词义猜测题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息；主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。
8．细节理解题。根据“The astronauts lifted off on the Shenzhou-14 spacecraft at 10:44 a. m. , June 5th, 2022”可知宇航员六月份抵达空间站，根据“ The team will live and work at the Tiangong Space Station's Tianhe core module (核心仓) for six months before returning to Earth. ”可知宇航员在返回地球在要在空间站待6个月，因此返回时间在12月份，故选D。
9．词义猜测题。根据“Six months is the standard mission duration (标准任务期限) for many countries—but it is an important chance ”可知六个月对许多其他国家人员是标准任务，但是我国航天员是.一个机会，由此推断出此处要表达适应长时间太空生活的机会，因此be accustomed to 是适应的意思，故选A。
10．细节理解题。根据“Chen was aboard China's Shenzhou-11 manned space mission in 2016 and once held the record for longest stay in space bya Chinese astronaut.”可知陈东于2016年参加了中国的神舟十一号载人航天飞行任务，并且一度保持着在太空停留时间最长的记录，因此Chen是第二次进入太空，选项A正确，故选A。
11．主旨大意题。本文主要讲述了神舟十四号载人航天任务在中国航天计划中的新进展，标题应该与文章主旨一致，结合选项，B选项“中国太空计划新进展”符合主旨内容，故选B。
（四）【答案】12．C13．D14．C15．B
【解析】【分析】本文主要介绍了语义饱和现象。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题、推断题和段落结构题三种常考题型，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息；段落结构题需要通读段落，理解段意，从而确定段落在整篇文章中的作用。
12．段落结构题。根据“It has troubled almost anyone thinking carefully about a word for some time.”可知引入“flower”是为用实例解释遇到的困难，从而快速引出主题，故选C。
13．段落结构题。①②③连贯的回顾了科学家发现这种现象，并命名为语义饱和现象，以及解释了这种现象产生的原因，是连贯一体的讲述过去的发现，而④讲述了现在的人们对这种现象的治疗，与所给句子“Today, semantic satiation continues to be studied in different fields. ”中的today对应起来，用在④处横线最合适，故选D。
14．细节理解题。根据“this phenomenon has got many different names, but the best known one is semantic satiation ”这种现象有很多不同的名称，但最著名的一个是语义饱和，可知it指代的是语义饱和这个名字，故选C。
15．推理判断题。根据“When a brain gets started, it takes more energy to start the second time, and still more the third time. ”大脑每次开始都需要更多的能量，可以推断出开始的次数越多，需要的能量越多，因此B选项正确，故选B。
（五）【答案】16．D17．C18．B
【解析】【分析】本文主要介绍了中国的不同方言。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题、推断题和词义猜测题三种常考题型，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息；词义猜测题要联系上下文意思判断划线单词所在句子意思，根据句子意思推断出单词词义。
16．词义猜测题。根据"is spoken by over 70% of the population and is one of the 6 official languages of the United Nations"可知，70%以上的人口说普通话，普通话还是联合国六种官方语言之一，可以猜测"predominant"的意思是"更普遍的，更常见的"。故选D。
17．细节理解题。根据"Putonghua (or Mandarin) the predominant dialect, is spoken by
over 70% of the population and is one of the 6 official languages of the United
Nations."可知，普通话是联合国六种官方语言之一。故选C。
18．推理判断题。根据"Wu. Spoken in Shanghai, most of Zhejiang and the southern
parts of Jiangsu and Anhui."可知，吴语是上海的方言，B选项表述正确。故选B。
（六）【答案】19．B20．A21．C
【解析】【分析】本文是一则新闻信息，主要关于坎伯威尔文法学校的师生们扮成英雄和超级英雄为贫困儿童筹款。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本题主要涉及细节理解题，解答此类题目需要从原文找答案。
19．细节理解题。根据标题"THE CAMBERWELL NEWS"以及"On
Friday 21 May, the children and staff at Camberwell Grammar School dressed up
as heroes and superheroes to raise money for children in need."可知，本文来自于坎伯威尔文法学校的校报。故选B。
20．细节理解题。根据"On Friday 21 May, the children and staff at Camberwell Grammar
School dressed up as heroes and superheroes to raise money for children in
need."可知，5月21日孩子们装扮成英雄和超级英雄为贫困儿童筹款。故选A。
21．细节理解题。根据"The money we raised will go to charities across the country to
help and support children who are less fortunate than us."可知，孩子们筹集的钱将捐给全国各地的慈善机构，所以他们参加的是慈善活动。故选C。
（七）【答案】22．C23．D24．B25．D
【解析】【分析】本文讲述了冷战时期中美运动选手之间建立的友谊。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题、推断题两常考题型，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息。
22．细节理解题。根据"This championship took place during the days of Cold War, so
the American and the Chinese players didn't even talk to each other."可知，美国和中国选手不互相交谈的原因是两个国家之前在冷战。故选C。
23．细节理解题。根据"Later, Cowan bought a T-shirt with a peace flag on it, and he
gave it to Zedong. The two men became friends."可知，庄则栋和美国选手科恩成了朋友。故选D。
24．细节理解题。根据"Zedong gave Cowan a silk scarf."可知，庄则栋送给了科恩一条丝绸围巾，而不是科恩送给了庄则栋，B选项错误。故选B。
25．推理判断题。根据全文内容可知，本文讲述了冷战时期中美运动选手之间的建立的友谊，以及这段友谊让中美两国之间关系产生了改变，因此可以从历史书上找到该文章。故选D。
（八）【答案】26．B27．D28．D29．A30．C
【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文，文章介绍"为知识付钱"产业兴起的原因及产生的问题，提醒读者要理智地选择产品。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题、推断题和段落大意题三种常考题型，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息；段落大意题需要读懂段落内容，归纳段意，根据段意解题。
26．推理判断题。根据"The contents of these 'pay-for-knowledge' products are from
language learning to gardening or baby-caring. Everything you think of can be
found online at this moment."可推出"知识付费"产品可以为人们提供不同种类的课程。B选项表述正确。故选B。
27．细节理解题。根据"Why is 'pay-for-knowledge' industry developing so rapidly
First, its development is based on the Internet. ... Second, people are afraid
to miss any information. ... Moreover, the need to learn new skills in today's
job market also pushes people to learn on such educational podcasts."可知A、B、C三项都是"知识付费"产业发展快的原因，但D项不是。故选D。
28．段落大题题。根据第二段"Why is 'pay-for-knowledge' industry developing so rapidly
First, …Second, …"可知这一段主要讲述为知识付钱产业兴起的原因。故选D。
29．词句猜测题。根据"It promises possibilities of turning information into
money"可知此处表示"获利的，赚钱的"，be lucrative相当于produce lots of money。故选A。
30．推理判断题。根据最后一段"In general, the best is the one that suits you most. ‘Pay-for-knowledge'
may be used as a good start for self-growth. Be careful!"可知文章的主要目的是提醒人们要理智地选择适合自己的产品。故选C。
（九）【答案】31．A32．B33．C34．D35．D
【解析】【分析】短文大意：本文讲述了一个三个孩子的父亲准备生日惊喜——蛋糕，最小的弟弟却不小心把水泼在蛋糕的蜡烛上，但是父亲并没有责备他们，反而高兴地说这样他的生日愿望会更快实现的故事。
【点评】考查阅读理解。先通读短文，理解短文大意。然后分析问题，带着问题阅读短文，从短文的细节中找出问题答案。对于词意猜测题，要根据文章的上下文的联系确定。对于主旨大意题要根据文章的中心思想确定。
31．细节理解题。根据 Carlos, Marie and their three-year-old little brother Mosh had some free time before dinner. There was a TV show about fire safety, so they watched it. 可知晚餐前三个孩子在看电视，故选A。
32．词意猜测题。根据 After Marie lit (点燃) the candles, Carlos carried the cake to the table. 卡尔把蛋糕放在桌子上，可知他把蛋糕放在父亲面前，可知此处it指的是蛋糕，故选B。
33．细节理解题。根据 Just then Mosh took a bottle (瓶) of water and poured it on the cake. 可知莫斯把水洒在蛋糕上了，故选C。
34．推理判断题。根据 "Mosh gave me a bigger surprise," Dad said, laughing. "Maybe since my candles went out so fast, my wish will come true soon." 儿子把蛋糕弄坏了，但是 Garza 先生没有生气，反而笑着说自己的生日愿望会实现更快，可知他是一个很有趣的人，故选D。
35．主旨大意题。这篇短文讲的是 Garza 生日，儿子把蛋糕弄坏了，父亲把它看做是一个惊喜，表示自己愿望会更快实现，故选D。
（十）【答案】36．C37．B38．C39．D40．A
【解析】【分析】短文大意：很久以前，天气干旱以至于几乎没有粮食生长，一个富人把一些面包给村子里最贫穷的二十个孩子们吃，孩子们为争夺面包而打架。可怜而且害羞的格雷琴只得到了一个很小的面包。后来那个富人把金子放在最小的面包里来奖赏诚实的格雷琴。
【点评】考查阅读理解。先弄清短文意思，然后分析问题，弄清问题关键，再次认真阅读短文，从短文的细节中找出和问题相关的选项找出问题答案。对于词意猜测题，要根据文章的上下文的联系确定。
36．细节理解题。根据 The hungry children rushed around the basket, and fought for the bread, because each wished to have the largest loaf. 可知孩子们打架是为了能拿到最大的面包，故选C。
37．词义猜测题。根据 The hungry children rushed around the basket, and fought for the bread, because each wished to have the largest loaf. The next day the children were as rude as before, 可知第二天孩子们还是还昨天一样粗鲁，可知此处rude是粗鲁的意思，故选B。
38．细节理解题。根据 The next day the children were as rude as before, and poor, shy Gretchen got a loaf only half the size of the one she got the first day. When she came home, her mother cut the bread open, many shining pieces of gold fell out of it! 可知第二天Gretchen拿回家的是一条里面有金子的面包，故选C。
39．推理判断题。根据 Then she kissed the gentleman's hand, and went home. 可知 Gretchen 对这个富人是很感激的，故选D。
40．题目归纳题。根据文章内容讲的是一个富人因为小女孩的诚实，把金条藏在面包里作为对她的奖励，可知文章的题目是隐藏的奖励。故选A。
【答案】41．B
42．A
43．D
44．D
45．C
【解析】【分析】短文大意：这篇短文介绍了三个人因为不同的情况写的感谢信。
【点评】考查阅读理解。先通读短文，理解短文大意。然后分析问题，带着问题阅读短文，从短文的细节中找出和问题相关的语句，确定问题答案。
41．细节理解题。根据 Thank you so much for the surprise party! I had no idea that you had it at my favorite restaurant. 可知黛西的惊喜派对在饭店举行的，故选B。
42．细节理解题。根据Dear Mrs. Green, Thanks to generous donations (慷慨的捐赠) like yours, the 6th Toys Ahoy Toy Drive was a great success可知格林夫人捐赠了很多玩具。故选A。
43．细节理解题。根据Dear Miss Johnson, Your creative (创新的）way of teaching science made Bill enjoy this subject so much. 可知约翰逊小姐教科学的，故选D。
44．细节理解题。根据 Your creative (创新的）way of teaching science made Bill enjoy this subject so much. Yours, Mrs. Miller可知比尔和米勒夫人是师生关系，故选D。
45．细节理解题。根据每封信的开头Thank you for....可知这三封信都是感谢信，故选C。
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