(共58张PPT)
05 形容词专项复习
2024年中考二轮复习
Content
命题趋势分析
01
知识系统构建
02
知识点(真题)解析
03
能力拔高特训
04
目录
命题趋势
形容词的命题方向主要以点:
一、形容词的比较级和最高级;
二、形容词词义辨析;
三、形容词短语搭配;
四、事物进行比较的结构
从近几年的中考情况来看,形容词是必考的命题点,主要在语言环境中考查形容词词义的题目有逐步增加的趋势,比较级和最高级也是考察重点,在学习过程中,要在识记形容词词义上多下功夫,同时兼顾比较级和最高级的各种变化形式。
考察的题型主要以选择题和填空题为主。
知识系统构建
知识点(真题)
解析
描述或修饰名词的词,表示人或事物的性质和特征。
形容词的定义
【拓展】很多形容词在词形上有一些典型的后缀形式,如-able,-ant,-ary,-ful,-less,-ly,-ous等。
valuable有价值的 comfortable 舒服的 national国家的
pleasant 令人愉快的 important重要的 necessary必要的
ordinary普通的 beautiful漂亮的 wonderful精彩的
useless无用的 careless粗心的 lovely可爱的
friendly友好的 dangerous危险的 delicious美味的
形容词定义
1.作定语
It's a beautiful present.这是一件漂亮的礼物。
2.作表语
The film is very interesting.这部电影很有趣。
You look young for your age.你看起来比实际年纪要年轻。
形容词的句法功能和位置
句法功能
3.作宾语补足语
I find it pleasant to work with him.我发现与他共事很愉快。
We should keep our hands dean.我们应该保持手的干净。
4.作独立成分
Strange to say, he won the first in the race.说也奇怪,他在比赛中竟得了第一名。
【点拨】
少数形容词只能作定语,不能作表语
如:little 少量的 , live 活的, elder 年纪较长的, eldest 年纪最大的。
有些形容词在句中只能用作表语,如:
alive活的 awake醒着的 asleep睡着的 afraid害怕的
alike相似的 alone单独的 ashamed对···感到羞耻的;惭愧的
drunk喝醉的 sorry难过的;后悔的 unable不能的 worth值得的
well安好的 glad高兴的 sure确信的.
【点拨】
有些形容词可以和the连用,表示一类人或抽象事物,这类形容词有blind, deaf, sick, poor, rich, old, young, new, wounded等。
(1)泛指一类人,表示复数概念,作主语时谓语动词要用复数形式
We should respect the old and love the young.我们应该尊老爱幼。
(2)指抽象事物,作主语时谓语动词要用单数形式
The true is to be distinguished from the false.真伪要辨明。
类似的还有:the beautiful美的东西,the good好的东西,the new新的东西,the ordinary普普通通的东西,the unusual 不寻常的东西.
【点拨】
有些形容词是由分词转化而来的,这种现象叫做分词形容词化。
形容词化的分词主要有以下两种情况:
1. 现在分词表主动,过去分词表被动,常见的如:
interesting/interested(有趣的/感兴趣的),
frustrating/frustrated(令人沮丧的/感到沮丧的),
embarrassing/embarrassed(令人尴尬的/感到尴尬的),
frightening/frightened(令人害怕的/感到害怕的)
这种情况,现在分词表主动,主语往往是物,译为“令人……的”;过去分词表被动,主语往往是人,译为“感到……的”,这类形容词可以作定语,也可以作表语。
I read an interesting book last night.昨晚我读了一本有趣的书。
The movie was really interesting.这部电影真的很有趣。
He is interested in learning new languages.他对学习新语言很感兴趣。
2. 现在分词表进行,过去分词表完成
例如:developing/developed countries(发展中国家/发达国家), boiling/boiled water(沸水/白开水)
这类形容词一般只能作定语。
1.(2023·湖北武汉·统考中考真题)—Mary is ________ about what she eats. She never has junk food.
—A good habit.
A.careful B.angry C.nervous D.relaxed
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——玛丽对吃什么很小心。她从不吃垃圾食品。——一个好习惯。
考查形容词辨析。careful小心的;angry生气的;nervous紧张的;relaxed放松的。根据“She never has junk food”可知她不吃垃圾食品,所以对自己吃的东西非常小心。故选A。
真题再现
2.(2023·甘肃白银·统考中考真题)I opened the door and all my friends shouted “Happy Birthday!” I had no idea they were coming. I was so ________.
A.interested B.surprised C.interesting D.surprising
【答案】B
【详解】句意:我打开门,所有的朋友都喊道:“生日快乐!”我不知道他们要来。我很惊讶。
考查形容词辨析。interested感兴趣的;surprised感到惊讶的;interesting令人有趣的;surprising令人惊讶的。根据“I had no idea they were coming”可知不知道他们要来,所以很惊讶,修饰人,应用surprised,故选B。
3.(2023·江苏扬州·统考中考真题)—I like your teapot. It has a very funny but interesting shape.
—Thank you. It’s a work of art, but it is also ________ for tea making.
A.natural B.practical C.equal D.general
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——我喜欢你的茶壶。它有一个非常有趣但有趣的形状。——谢谢。它是一件艺术品,但它也可以用来泡茶。
考查形容词辨析。natural自然的;practical适用的,实际的;equal平等的;general普遍的。根据“It’s a work of art, but it is also...for tea making.”可知是指茶壶是一件艺术品,也适用于泡茶。故选B。
4.(2023·天津·统考中考真题)The grapes are very ________ and they also taste good.
A.easy B.lazy C.boring D.fresh
【答案】D
【详解】句意:葡萄很新鲜,味道也很好。
考查形容词辨析。easy简单的;lazy懒的;boring无聊的;fresh新鲜的。根据“they also taste good.”可知葡萄是新鲜的。故选D。
5.(2023·山东滨州·统考中考真题)—How amazing ChatGPT is!
—Yes. The new invention makes it quite ________ for people to write papers and stories.
A.late B.simple C.natural D.difficult
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——ChatGPT是多么神奇!——是的。这项新发明使人们写论文和写故事变得非常简单。
考查形容词辨析。late晚的;simple简单的;natural自然的;difficult困难的。根据“for people to write papers and stories.”可知ChatGPT让写论文和写故事变得简单。故选B。
6.(2023·江西·统考中考真题)—Be ________, please! Your sister is reading a book.
—All right! I will.
A.happy B.crazy C.honest D.quiet
【答案】D
【详解】句意:——请安静点!你妹妹正在读书。——好的!我会的。
考查形容词辨析。happy开心的;crazy疯狂的;honest诚实的;quiet安静的。根据“Your sister is reading a book”可知别人读书的时候要保持安静。故选D。
7.(2023·安徽·统考中考真题)— Camping trips in spring have become very ________ in southern China.
— Exactly. That’s because these areas have warmer weather and an earlier flowering season.
A.hot B.safe C.cheap D.hard
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——春天的露营旅行在中国南方非常流行。——没错。这是因为这些地区的天气更温暖,开花时期更早。
考查形容词辨析。hot热门的,流行的;safe安全的;cheap便宜的;hard艰难的。根据“That’s because these areas have warmer weather and an earlier flowering season.”可知,南方温暖的天气和较早的花期让露营旅行变得流行。故选A。
形容词按其句法功能,放在相应的位置,作定语用通常位于所修饰的名词的前面,作表语用通常放在连系动词,如be, become, look, keep, seem, grow, fall等后面,作宾补用,通常位于宾语的后面。
He went a long way.他走了很远.
There are many trees in the park.公园里有许多树.
Generally speaking, it is cold in the north; it is warm in the south.一般来说,北方天气冷,南方天气暖和.
The two brothers look quite alike.这兄弟俩长得很相像.
形容词的位置
【点拨】作定语的形容词的排列顺序
当修饰名词的形容词不止一个时,排列顺序一般为:
限定词(包括冠词、物主代词、指示代词、不定代词等)→数词→描绘形容词(短词在前,长词在后)→表示特征的形容词(包括大小、长度、形状、年龄、新旧等)→表示颜色的形容词→表示类属的形容词(包括国籍、专有形容词和表示材料质地的形容词)→名词定语(包括动名词)→被修饰的名词。
Jane wore a pretty purple silk dress.珍妮穿着一件漂亮的紫色真丝衣服.
a useful big green plastic box 一个实用的大绿色塑料盒子
【拓展】形容词放在所修饰的名词之后的情况
1.当被修饰的词是不定代词时,形容词作定语要后置。
There is nothing wrong with him.他没有错.
Is there anything new in that book 那本书里有什么新东西吗
2.形容词短语作定语时,要放在所修饰的名词的后面.这些形容词短语多由“形容词+介词(或不定式)”构成.
It's a problem difficult to solve.这是一个难以解决的问题.
I think he is a man suitable for the job.我认为他是适合做这项工作的人.
3.当形容词由数词修饰时,形容词要放在所修饰的名词的后面.常见的这种形容词有:long, high, tall, wide, deep, old, young等.
This is a river two hundred miles long.这是一条200英里长的河流.
It is a bridge eight metres wide.那是一座8米宽的桥梁.
4.enough作形容词修饰名词时,既可后置,也可放在名词的前面.
We have enough time/time enough to do the work.
我们有足够的时间做这项工作.
We haven't got enough money/money enough for that kind of thing.
我们没有足够的钱去买那类东西.
5.带后缀-able和-ible的形容词和all, every, only或形容词最高级连用,放在所修饰的名词后面。
I think Tom is the best person available.我认为汤姆是现有的最好人选.
This is the only solution possible.这是唯一可行的解决方法.
形容词可以靠改变形式来表示程度的不同,我们把这种变化形式叫做比较等级。
要比较两个或两个以上的人或物时,就必须用形容词的比较级和最高级。
形容词有三个级:原级,比较级和最高级。
形容词的等级
规则变化的情况
构成方法 原级 比较级 最高级
单音节词和少数双音节词 一般在词尾加-er,-est tall long taller longer tallest
longest
以字母e结尾加-r或-st nice fine nicer finer nicest
finest
重读闭音节词末只有一个辅音字母,先双写这个辅音字母再加-er,-est. big thin bigger thinner biggest
thinnest
以辅音字母结尾的双音节词改“y”为i,再加-er或-est easy early easier earlier easiest
earliest
多音节词和部分双音节词 在词前加more或most delicious beautiful more delicious more beautiful most delicious
most beautiful
形容词原级变比较级和最高级
不规则变化的情况
原级 比较级 最高级
good好的/well健康的 better较好的 best最好的
bad坏的/ill病的 worse较坏的 worst最坏的
many许多/much许多 more较多的 most最多的
little小的;少的 less较小的;较少的 least最小的;最少的
far远的 farther更远的further更进一步 farthest最远的
furthest最远的;最大程度的
old老的;旧的 older较老的;较旧的elder较年长的 oldest最老的;最旧的
eldest最年长的
【点拨】
(1)少数单音节词既可加后缀-er,-est,又可用more, most构成比较级和最高级.如:
calm, free, fit, fond, huge, true, pale等.
(2)下面的形容词既可把y改为i,再加-er,-est,又可以用more, most构成比较级和最高级.如:
angry, cloudy, lucky, rainy, sleepy, sunny, unhappy, uneasy, windy, worthy等.
1.原级的用法
(1).表示双方程度相等,用“as+形容词原级+as"结构,意思是“······和…….一样”.基本句型:主语+谓语(系动词)+as+形容词原级+as+比较对象
Mike is as tall as Tom.迈克和汤姆一样高.
He is as busy as before.他还是和以前一样忙.
(2).表示“不如”或“不相等”用“not+ as/so+形容词原级+as+比较对象”
Jack is not so tall as his grandpa.杰克不及爷爷高.
Li Lei is not as good at maths as Li Ping.李磊不如李平数学学得好.
形容词原级、比较级、最高级的用法
【点拨】
表示倍数,如“一半/两倍/三倍/四倍/······”等用“half/twice/three/four/...times+ as...as...”结构.
I study twice as hard as you.我学习比你努力一倍.
We got three times as many people as we expected.
来人的数目是我们预期的三倍.
2.比较级的用法
(1).表示两个人或事物进行比较时,用比较级
基本句型:主语+谓语(系动词)+形容词比较级+than+比较对象
He is taller than his father.他比他父亲高.
Our classroom is larger than yours.我们的教室比你们的大.
(2).形容词的比较级前可用 much, far, a lot ,still, no, a little, even, any, a great deal等状语来修饰
This is even harder than steel.这个东西甚至比铁还硬.
I've made a lot more mistakes than you (have).我犯的错误比你犯的多多了.
(3).可用“比较级+and+比较级”结构(两个同义形容词比较级,后面不接than从句),表示“越来越······”的意思
She became more and more interested in music.她对音乐越来越感兴趣了.
When summer comes, the days get longer and longer.夏季到来后,白天越来越长.
(4).用“the+比较级...,the+比较级...”,表示“越······,(就)越·····.”
The more careful you are, the less mistakes you will make.你越仔细,出错越少.
The more exercises you do, the healthier you will become.你越多锻炼,就越健康.
(5).more/less than表示“不仅,不止,多过/不到,少于”的意思
Hibernation is more than sleep.冬眠不仅仅是睡眠.
【点拨】
“not+形容词比较级+than”和“no+形容词比较级+than”的区别.试比较:
He is not older than 20.他还不到20岁.(言其小)
He is no older than 20.他过不了20岁.(也许20岁,也许不到)
3.最高级的用法
(1).表示三个或三个以上的人或事物的比较,用最高级。最高级前一般要加定冠词the,后面跟带of或in表范围的短语。
He is the tallest in the class.他是全班中最高的.
This is the best film that I have ever seen.
这是我所看过的最好的一部电影。
(2).one of the+最高级,表示“是最······之一”
Shanghai is one of the most beautiful cities in China.
上海是中国最美丽的城市之一.
(3).“most+复数名词”,“most of the+复数名词”或”most of+代词”,表示“大多数,大部分的······”
Most of the boys are good.大多数的男孩是好样的.
Most of them(his books) were written here.他的大部分书是在这儿写的.
(4).形容词的最高级前可以有by far, next, second, third, nearly等修饰语
Canada is the second largest country in the world.加拿大是世界上面积第二大的国家.
【点拨】
(1)形容词最高级前一般都用定冠词,但当形容词最高级前有物主代词时,则不用定冠词.
Today is my happiest day.今天是我最高兴的一天.
Give my best regards to your family.请代我向你们全家问好.
(2)most有时与形容词连用,前面用不定冠词或不用冠词,意为“非常,很,极其”,用来加强语气.这时它不表示最高级的概念.
He is a most friendly fellow,他是个极友好的人.
【点拨】
不是所有的形容词都有等级,只有能比较的形容词才有等级之分,有很多形容词是没有比较级和最高级的,类似下面的这些:
表示材料的成分的形容词wooden(木制的) electric(电力的)
表示时间的形容词present(当今的) future(将来的)
表示国籍的形容词Chinese(中国的) American(美国的)
1.(2023·四川成都·统考中考真题)The book of Songs is the ________ collection of poems in China and the beginning of China’s poetry tradition.
A.early B.earlier C.earliest
【答案】C
【详解】句意:《诗经》是中国最早的诗集,也是中国诗歌传统的开端。
考查形容词最高级。根据“The book of Songs is the...collection of poems in China”可知,此前有定冠词the修饰,比较的范围不止两者,所以用形容词最高级。故选C。
真题再现
2.(2023·湖南岳阳·统考中考真题)Mind health is as ________ as body health.
A.important B.more important C.the most important
【答案】A
【详解】句意:心理健康和身体健康一样重要。
考查形容词原级。as...as中间加形容词原级,故选A。
3.(2023·湖南怀化·统考中考真题)Xu Mengtao is one of the ________ players in China.
A.famous B.more famous C.most famous
【答案】C
【详解】句意:徐梦桃是中国最著名的运动员之一。
考查形容词最高级。one of the+形容词最高级+名词复数,表示“最……之一”,故选C。
4.(2023·四川泸州·统考中考真题)—Last month, thirteen Chinese scientists successfully reached the peak of Mount Qomolangma which is ________ mountain in the world.
—Wow! It’s really fantastic. I am so proud of them.
A.high B.higher C.highest D.the highest
【答案】D
【详解】句意;——上个月,13名中国科学家成功登顶了世界上最高的珠穆朗玛峰。——哇!真是太棒了。我为他们感到骄傲。
考查形容词最高级。根据“the peak of Mount Qomolangma which is … mountain in the world.”可知,珠穆朗玛峰是最高的山峰,空格处为形容词最高级the highest。故选D。
5.(2023·江西·统考中考真题)—As I know, your friend Jeff is very humorous.
—Yes. He is ________ person I know.
A.funnier B.the funniest C.more serious D.the most serious
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——据我所知,你的朋友杰夫很幽默。——是的。他是我认识的最有趣的人。
考查形容词最高级。funnier更有趣的; the funniest最有趣的;more serious更严肃的;the most serious最严肃的。根据“your friend Jeff is very humorous”和“Yes.”可知,应是觉得他很有趣,结合“I know”可知,是和认识的所有人中作比较,所以用最高级,故选B。
6.(2023·云南·统考中考真题)China is one of ________ countries in the world. We are all proud of it.
A.older B.the older C.oldest D.the oldest
【答案】D
【详解】句意:中国是世界上最古老的国家之一。我们都为此感到骄傲。
考查最高级。one of the+形容词最高级+名词复数,表示“……最……之一”,故选D。
能力拔高特训
一、单项选择
1.Amy did very well in her report. She is ________ to pay attention to every detail.
A.enough careful B.careful enough
C.enough careless D.careless enough
【答案】B
2.—It will be ________ this afternoon.
—Well, we’d better take an umbrella, or we will get wet.
A.rainy B.cloudy C.windy D.sunny
【答案】A
3.The specials in the restaurant taste ________ and sell ________. Many customers come here on weekends.
A.well; good B.good; good C.good; well
【答案】C
4.We will have a ________ holiday after the entrance examination for senior high school.
A.two months B.two-month C.two-months
【答案】B
5.The math problem is so ________, and the students can solve it ________.
A.easy;easily B.easy;easy
C.easily;easy D.easily;easily
【答案】A
6.After you take the medicine, you will be ________ to go to work.
A.enough well B.enough actively
C.actively enough D.well enough
【答案】D
7.The more ________ you drive, the ________ you are.
A.careful; safer B.carefully; safer
C.carefully; safely D.careful; safely
【答案】B
8.Your idea of a day on the beach sounds ________. Can I join you
A.lovely B.softly C.politely D.beautifully
【答案】A
9.The________Taihu Tunnel High Speed Way was open to the pubic this year.
A.40 meter wide B.40 meters wide
C.40-meter-wide D.40-meters-wide
【答案】C
10.—It is necessary for students to have ________, so they can relax themselves.
—That’s right. Students are busy every day.
A.ten minutes break B.ten-minutes’ break
C.ten minute’s break D.a ten-minute break
【答案】D
11.When the boy heard that his mother was badly ill, he looked very ________.
A.sad B.sadly C.happy D.happily
【答案】A
12.—Who do you admire the most
—Qian Xuesen. He’s the father of Chinese missiles (导弹). He’s the ________ of China. And we are _________ to be doing our part for our country.
A.leader; pride B.proud; proud
C.pride; proud D.general; pride
【答案】C
13.—This kind of dress looks ________ and sells ________ in the supermarket.
—It is a hot style!
A.nice;good B.nice;well C.well;well
【答案】B
14.—The sight of our hometown never fails to impress visitors.
—So it is. It’s so ________.
A.available B.crowded C.fascinating D.tiring
【答案】C
15.—The dress feels so ________. What’s it made of
—Silk.
A.comfortable B.bored C.softly D.beautifully
【答案】A
16.On April 16th, 2022, our astronauts ended their ________ space trip and came back from the Chinese space station with honors.
A.six-month B.six months C.six-hour D.six hours
【答案】A
17. Jenny’s parents were completely ________ when they saw the ________ changes in her.
A.surprising; amazing B.surprised; amazing C.surprised; amazed
【答案】B
18.We must keep everything ________.
A.cleaning B.to clean C.clean D.cleaned
【答案】C
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