(共56张PPT)
07 介词专项复习
2024年中考二轮复习
Content
命题趋势分析
01
知识系统构建
02
知识点(真题)解析
03
能力拔高特训
04
目录
命题趋势分析
介词的命题方向主要以点:
一、时间介词;
二、表示场所、方向的介词;
三、地点介词;
四、方式介词;
其他介词考察
从近几年的中考情况来看,介词是必考的命题点,主要考察表示时间、地点方位、方式等介词的区分辨析。
从考查形式看,一般有单项选择、完形填空、词语运用等,侧重考查考生的具体语言环境中使用介词的能力。
知识系统构建
知识点(真题)
解析
介词又叫前置词,一般放在名词的前面;
介词是一种虚词,一般不重读,不能在句子中独立充当一个成分;
它只是表示它后面的名词、代词或相当于名词的词、短语或从句与其他句子成分的关系。
介词定义
介词的定义和分类
按照词的构成,英语的介词可分为简单介词、合成介词、双重介词、短语介词等.
介词分类
简单介词
即由一个词构成的介词.如about, above, across, after, against, among, at, before, behind, below, beside, besides, between, beyond, by, down, during, except, for, from, in, of, off, on, over, past, round, till, to, with等.
合成介词
即由两个简单介词组合而成的介词.如inside, into, onto, out of, outside, upon, throughout, within, without等.
双重介词
双重介词指两个介词连着使用,使表达的意思更确切、更明了.如:up to, from behind, from inside, from among, at about等.
短语介词
由一个或两个简单介词和一个或几个其他词类组合成一个短语,作用相当于一个介词,这类短语介词的末尾总是一个简单介词.如:as far as, as early as等.
介词不能单独作为句子成分.它必须用在名词或代词之前组成介词短语,修饰动词、名词或代词;
表示时间、地点、空间和其他关系;
介词后面的名词、代词或其他成分作介词的宾语.介词与它后面的宾语一起构成介词短语才能在句子中充当某一成分.
介词的句法作用
1.作主语
From Hangzhou to Shanghai is three hours by train.从杭州到上海坐火车要三小时.
2.作宾语的介词
A pretty girl appeared from behind the curtain.一个漂亮女孩从帘子后面出现了.
3.作表语
I'm in need of your help.我需要你的帮助.
介词短语在句中主要用作
4.作定语
I have lost the key to the door of my room.我把房间的钥匙丢了.
A friend in need is a friend indeed.患难的朋友才是真朋友.
5.作宾语补足语
I found him in a hurry.我发现他匆匆忙忙的.
6.作状语
Lessons begin at eight.八点开始上课.
On the top of the hill we can see how beautiful Beijing is.在山顶上,我们看到了好美的北京城.
介词数量众多,学生们要在平时的学习中注意积累,这里只列举一些常见常考的。
常见介词的用法讲解
at, in, on 表示时间的用法辨析
1.at的用法
at表示具体的时间点,时刻,常用于表示钟点及某些词组中.
at dawn 在黎明时候,at the moment此刻;目前
at noon在中午,at night 在夜间
at midnight在午夜,at six o'clock 在6点钟
2.in的用法
(1)用于表示世纪、年、月、季节、在上午/下午/晚上/白天等.
in 1996 在1996,in March在三月
in spring 在春季,in the morning在早晨
(2)在阳光下、在灯下、在树荫下、穿衣、着装、冒雨等都要用in.
Don't read in dim light.切勿在暗淡的灯光下看书.
in the bright sunlight 在明亮的阳光下
the woman in white 穿着白色衣服的妇女
(3)in+一段时间,意为“在······时间以后”,用于一般将来时.
例:They will come back in 10 days.他们将10天以后回来.
注意:after+时间段,用于一般过去时.
如:He came back after two days.他两天后回来的.
特别提醒:
在某年某月某日的上午/下午/晚上则用on.
如:on the morning of June lst
3.on的用法
(1)用于星期、日期(包括该天的各部分).
on Sunday 在星期天,on Saturday morning 在星期六早晨
(2)指具体的某天.
on a cold afternoon在一个寒冷的下午,on the first day 在第一天
on the night of October lst在10月1日晚上,
注意:
在today, tomorrow, yesterday等之前不用介词.this, that, last, next与时间名词连用作状语时,不用介词.
(3)用于公共假日前.
on Teachers' Day在教师节,on Children's Day在儿童节
注意:
at, on都可用来表示节假日
at侧重指“休假的时节”,而不是指具体的哪一天;
on侧重指具体的时日,与它连用的短语中多含“Day”.
at New Year 在新年期间,on New Year's Day在元旦那天
1.“for+一段时间”意为“已经多长时间了”,
强调某动作或状态持续了多长时间,可与过去、现在、将来等多种时态连用,谓语动词只能用延续性动词
I have had this book for a long time.我持有这本书很长时间了.
2.since意为“自从,自······以后”
指从某一时间一直延续至今,后接过去时间点,通常与现在完成时连用
The factory has been there since 1989.那家工厂自1989年就在那里了.
for, since, from表示时间的区别
3.from表示开始的时间,意为“从······”,from...to...“从······到······”,谓语可用过去、现在或将来时态
Students go to school from Monday to Friday.学生们周一至周五上学.
【拓展】:
since还可以用作连词,用来引导一般过去时的时间状语从句.
如:
Great changes have taken place since he left.自从他离开以后,这里发生了巨大的变化.
by, until/till, after, before表示时间的区别
1.介词before表示“在······之前”,后面一般接时间点
He won't come back before five.他不会在五点前回来.
2.介词by表示“到······时为止,不迟于······”常用于将来时和完成时中
The work will be finished by Friday.工作将于星期五前完成.
How many English words had you learned by last term 你上学期学了多少英语单词
注意:
如果by后跟的是过去的时间点,则与过去完成时连用.
3.after意为“在······后”.后跟时间段时表示以过去为起点的某一段时间之后,常用于过去时;后跟时间点时,表示将来的某个时间之后
Mary got back from the library after two hours.玛丽两个小时以后从图书馆回来了.
She will arrive in China after 9:00.她将在9点以后到达中国.
4.till/until表示“到······为止,直到······之时,直至”,在肯定句中要用延续性动词
You'd better stay in bed till tomorrow.你最好在床上待到明天.
He will wait for you until/till you come back.他将一直等到你回来.
在否定句中,not...until...意为“直到······才······”,谓语动词用短暂性动词.
I didn't go to bed until eleven last night.昨天晚上直到11点钟我才睡觉.
注意:否定句中until可换成before.
in, at, on表示地点和方位的区别
1.in表示地点,意为“在······内”,用于内部
He put his hands in his pockets.他把手放进口袋.
2.on意为“在······上面”,用于表面接触,指在一个平面上
There was a carpet on the floor.地板上铺着一块地毯.
3.at表示“在某地”时,at后接小地方,in后接大地方
When did you arrive at the station 你什么时候到车站
He was born in Beijing.他出生在北京.
注意:at还有“在······旁边”之意.如:at the table在桌子旁边
in, on, to表示地点和方位的区别的用法辨析
介词 用法 例句
in 表示“在某范围内”,两者为包含关系. China is in the east of Asia.中国在亚洲东部.
on 表示“毗邻,接壤”,两者为并列关系. Guangdong is on the east of Guangxi.广东在广西东边.
to 表示“在某范围外”,两者为并列关系. Japan is to the east of China.日本在中国东边(隔海相望).
above, over, under, below的用法辨析
介词 用法 例句
under 在······正下方,与over相对 重点是正上方,正下方 My new bike is under the tree.我的新自行车在树下.
over 在······正上方,表示一种垂直悬空的上下关系 There is a bridge over the river.河上有座桥.
below 在······的下面;低于,与above相对 不一定是在正上方,正下方 Please don't write below this line.请不要在这条线下写.
above “高于······”,与物体表面不接触,表示相对高度,不一定是在正上方 There is a clock above his bed.他的床上有个钟表.
注意:表示“温度在······度以上”用above,表示“温度在······度以下”用below.
1.across穿过,横过,即“从一头到另一头,从一边到另一边”,强调从表面穿过
She went across the street to go shopping.她穿过马路去购物.
2.through“穿过,纵穿”,表示从某一物体空间内通过
The sunlight was coming in through the window.阳光透过窗户照了进来.
3.past“经过”,表示从某人/某物的旁边经过
I walked past the Bank of China yesterday.昨天我路过中国银行.
across, through, past的用法辨析
among表示“在三者或三者以上之间”;between表示“在两者之间”,常用词组: between...and...
Our teacher is sitting among the classmates.我们的老师正坐在同学们中间.
I will be back between five and six.我将在5点到6点之间回来.
among, between的用法辨析
in front of表示“在······之前(范围外)”;in the front of表示“在······的前部(范围内)”
There's a young lady in front of the bus.公共汽车的前面站着一位年轻女士.(在车外)
There's a young lady in the front of the bus.公共汽车的前部站着一位年轻女士.(在车内)
批注:in front of的反义词是behind.
in front of, in the front of的用法辨析
用by时,交通工具前不用任何限定词;用on或in时,交通工具前要用限定词.
Tom goes to school by bike.汤姆骑自行车去上学.
Mr. Green goes to work by car.格林先生开车去上班.
批注:by bike=on a bike by car=in a car
on foot 步行
by, in, on表交通方式的用法辨析
1.with表示“用······”一般指有形的工具/手段/人体器官
I often draw pictures with a pencil.我经常用铅笔作画.
2.in表示使用某种语言或使用某种材料,语言、材料前不加冠词
Can you say it in English 你能用英语说吗
3.by表示用某种方式或手段,在名词前不加冠词,若后接动词,需将动词变为动名词形式
This handbag is made by hand.这个包是手工做的.
He studies English by listening and reading.他通过听和读来学英语.
by, in, with表示手段或工具
1.(2023·河北·统考中考真题)Many thanks ________ your gift. I love it.
A.in B.of C.for D.with
【答案】C
【详解】句意:非常感谢你的礼物。我喜欢它。
考查固定搭配。in在……里;of……的;for为了;with和。thank for sth“因某物而感谢”,固定短语,for表示原因,故选C。
真题再现
2.(2023·湖北武汉·统考中考真题)Please bring Ms. Steen to the welcome party ________ telling her so that she can be surprised.
A.about B.from C.without D.for
【答案】C
【详解】句意:请带Ms. Steen参加欢迎晚会,不要告诉她,这样她会感到惊讶的。
考查介词辨析。about关于;from从;without没有;for为了。根据“telling her so that she can be surprised.”可知不告诉她,她才会惊讶。故选C。
3.(2023·山东滨州·统考中考真题)—I’m thirsty. I’d like a glass of orange juice. What about you, Betty
—I prefer a cup of tea _______ nothing in it.
A.to B.for C.with D.without
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——我渴了。我想要一杯橙汁。你呢,贝蒂?——我喜欢一杯什么都不加的茶。
考查介词辨析。to到;for为了;with有;without没有。根据“a cup of tea...nothing in it”可知想要一杯什么都不加的茶,用介词with。故选C。
4.(2023·甘肃白银·统考中考真题)The cat in Picture ________ is on the box.
A. B. C. D.
【答案】B
【详解】句意:图片B中的猫在盒子上。
考查方位介词。图片A的猫在盒子里面;图片B在盒子上面且接触;图片C在盒子旁边;图片D在盒子上方且不接触,用over。on the box“在盒子上且接触”。故选B。
5.(2023·湖南怀化·统考中考真题)The earthquake in Turkey(土耳其) happened ______ February 6, 2023.
A.on B.in C.at
【答案】A
【详解】句意:土耳其地震发生在2023年2月6日。
考查时间介词的用法。on后接具体一天;in后接某年某月某季节;at后接具体时刻。“February 6, 2023”是具体的一天,其前介词用on。故选A。
6.(2023·安徽·统考中考真题)Do whatever you can for the community, ________ looking after the old or teaching kids art.
A.with B.under C.like D.over
【答案】C
【详解】句意:为社区尽你所能,比如照顾老人或教孩子们美术。
考查介词辨析。with用,和;under在……下面;like像,例如;over在……上方。根据“…looking after the old or teaching kids art.”可知,空后通过举例来说明为社区服务的具体做法,like符合语境。故选C。
7.(2023·云南·统考中考真题)—Hi, Mike. When is the Space Day of China
—It falls ________ April 24 every year.
A.at B.in C.on D.for
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——你好,迈克。中国的航天日是什么时候?——每年的4月24日。
考查介词辨析。at后跟具体时刻; in后跟年/月/季节等;on后跟具体的某一天;for后跟一段时间。空后“April 24”是表示4月24日,需用介词on。故选C。
8.(2023·江苏连云港·统考中考真题)The instrument EyeHarp is specially designed ________ disabled people to play music with eyes.
A.in B.as C.for D.over
【答案】C
【详解】句意:EyeHarp是专门为残疾人设计的,可以用眼睛演奏音乐。
考查介词辨析。in在……里面;as作为;for为了;over在……上面。be designed for“为……所设计”,固定短语。故选C。
9.(2023·四川成都·统考中考真题)Deng Qingming, an astronaut of Shenzhou 15, achieved his dream ________ many years’ hard work.
A.without B.in C.through
【答案】C
【详解】句意:邓清明,神舟十五号的宇航员,通过多年的努力实现了他的梦想。
考查介词辨析。without没有;in在里面;through通过。根据“achieved his dream … many years’ hard work”可知,通过多年的努力实现了梦想,故选C。
10.(2023·四川泸州·统考中考真题)— Congratulations! Can you share your secret to learning
— If you work hard enough, you will succeed ________ achieving your goal.
A.on B.about C.in D.for
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——恭喜你!你能分享一下你的学习秘诀吗?——如果你足够努力,你就会成功实现你的目标。
考查介词辨析。on在上面;about关于;in在里面;for为了。succeed in doing sth“成功做某事”,动词短语,故选C。
11.(2023·四川凉山·统考中考真题)— The Double Trank of Chengdu-Kunming Rail was opened to traffic in December, 2022.
— Yes, it’s very convenient now. It takes us about three hours ________ Chengdu to Xichang on a high-speed train.
A.between B.from C.in
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——2022年12月,成昆铁路双线通车。——是的,现在很方便。从成都到西昌坐高铁大约需要三个小时。
考查介词辨析。between在两者之间;from从;in在里面。根据“It takes us about three hours...Chengdu to Xichang on a high-speed train.”可知,此处是from...to...短语,意为“从……到……”。故选B。
12.(2023·四川凉山·统考中考真题)There are a lot of ways to keep healthy. ________, we can do more exercise and eat less junk food.
A.To our surprise B.In the end C.For example
【答案】C
【详解】句意:有很多方法来保持健康。比如,我们可以做更多的运动,少吃垃圾食品。
考查介词短语。To our surprise令我们惊讶的是;In the end最后,终究; For example例如。根据“we can do more exercise and eat less junk food.”可知,空后是例举的保持健康的方法,故选C。
能力拔高特训
一、单项选择
1.The traditional Chinese lunar calendar divides a year into 24 solar terms. Xiaoman(a little full) usually falls _______ May.
A.in B.at C.on D.to
【答案】A
2.We have history class ________ three o’clock every Friday afternoon.
A.at B.on C.in D.to
【答案】A
3.I usually get up ________ 6:30 in the morning. And you
A.at B.on C.in D.for
【答案】A
4.We’re glad to see that Shenzhou-14 rose into the sky ________ June 5, 2022.
A.in B.at C.on D.to
【答案】C
5.Maria went skating with her friends in the park ________ a sunny morning.
A.at B.in C.on
【答案】C
6.—I’m going to Disneyland ________ two weeks.
—Wow, sounds like fun!
A.to B.in C.at D.on
【答案】B
7.________ spring, the days are often windy and bright. It’s a perfect time to fly a kite.
A.on B.In C.At D.With
【答案】B
8.Shenzhou XIII came back to Earth safely ________ April 16th, 2022.
A.at B.on C.in
【答案】B
9.Mingming will have a class meeting _______ 3:30 this afternoon.
A.on B.in C.at
【答案】C
10.Father’s Day comes ________ June every year.
A.in B.on C.at D.to
【答案】A
11. Lily often helps her mum do some gardening ________ Sundays.
A.at B.to C.on D.in
【答案】C
12.Beijing will host the 24 Winter Olympics ________ 2022.
A.on B.at C.for D.in
【答案】D
13.—What time does the library open in the morning
—It opens ________ 9 a.m.
A.in B.on C.at D.between
【答案】C
14.We’ll celebrate the 100th birthday of the Chinese Communist Party(中国共产党) ______ July 1st this year.
A.in B.on C.at
【答案】B
15.—Does the method you thought of ________ the problem make any sense
—Of course.
A.solve B.of solving C.solving
【答案】B
16.There is a new TV ________ the wall.
A.at B.of C.on
【答案】C
17. I often do volunteer work in the library ________ Sundays.
A.at B.in C.on D.for
【答案】C
18.The Communist Party of China was founded________ July 1st, 1921.
A.in B.on C.at
【答案】B
19.We’ll have a class meeting ________ 3:30 this afternoon.
A.in B.on C.at
【答案】C
20.The Communist Party of China will have its 100th birthday ________ July 1st, 2021.
A.in B.on C.for D.at
【答案】B
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