11 动词语态专项复习课件 2024中考二轮复习（知识讲解+真题解析+能力拔高）

(共55张PPT)
11 动词语态专项复习
2024年中考二轮复习
Content
命题趋势分析
01
知识系统构建
02
知识点(真题)解析
03
能力拔高特训
04
目录
命题趋势分析
动词语态的命题方向主要以点：
一、各种时态的被动；
二、主动形式表示被动意义；
从近几年的中考情况来看，动词的语态是中考出现频率较高的语法项目之一。考题多以具体的语境为主，体现了对语法知识、语境理解、语言交际能力的综合考查
考察的题型主要以选择题、填空题和完型填空题等。
知识系统构建
知识点(真题)
解析
句子的语态表示主语和谓语的不同关系.如果主语是动作的执行者,谓语动词用主动语态;如果主语是动作的对象,谓语动词则用被动语态.
动作的执行者用“by”引出,也可省略;动作的对象则充当了被动语态句中的主语.
The boy broke the window.那个男孩把玻璃窗打碎了.(主动语态)
The window was broken by the boy.这扇玻璃窗被那个男孩打碎了.(被动语态)
语态概念
动词语态概述
被动语态的构成：“助动词be+(及物动词的)过去分词”
助动词be有人称、数和时态的变化,其变化规则与be作为系动词的变化完全一样.现以动词ask为例,列表如下:
被动语态的构成
一般时态 进行时态 完成时态
现在 am/is/are+asked am being/is being/ are being+asked has been/have been
+asked
过去 was asked were asked was being asked were being asked had been asked
将来 shall be asked will be asked - shall have been asked
will have been asked
过去将来 should be asked would be asked - should have been asked
would have been asked
1.一般现在时的被动语态
This kind of TV set is made in Guangzhou.这种电视是广州制造的.
Chinese is spoken by the largest number of people in the world.汉语是世界上最多人讲的语言.
2.一般过去时的被动语态
The thief was arrested.小偷被抓住了.
These pictures were taken on the Great Wall.这些照片是在长城拍摄的.
常用时态的被动语态
3.一般将来时的被动语态
Your watch will be repaired.你的表将会被修理好.
The class meeting will be held next Saturday afternoon.班会下周六下午召开.
4.现在进行时的被动语态
A new road is being built outside my house.我们家门口正在修一条新路.
The watch is being repaired.这只表正在修理.
5.过去进行时的被动语态
The bridge was being repaired when we passed it.我们过桥时,桥正在修.
While the supper was being prepared, the light suddenly went out.正在做晚饭时,电灯突然灭了.
6.过去将来时的被动语态
They decided that invitations would not be sent out unless they were carefully checked.他们决定除非经过仔细校对,否则请柬不会发送出去.
7.现在完成时的被动语态
Your wallet has been found.你的钱夹已经找到了.
8.过去完成时的被动语态
By 1972 a cooperative medical system had been set up in this area.
到1972年这个地区已建立了合作医疗制度.
When the anthem had been played, the Congress began.奏完国歌后,大会开始.
9、含有情态动词的被动语态
情态动词的被动语态,其结构是:情态动词＋be+过去分词.
Young trees cannot be cut down.小树不可以砍伐.
The exercises must be done in class.练习必须在课堂上做.
This dictionary must be taken good care of.这本词典必须保管好.
The time in class must be made good use of.上课的时间必须好好地利用.
【知识拓展】主动形式表示被动意
(1)某些由及物动词转化来的不及物动词
read, write, clean, wash, cook, keep, cut, open等,常和副词well, easily, smoothly等连用，且通常用主动结构表示被动含义.
The pen writes well.这支笔很好写.
(2)动词need, require, want, deserve, be worth 后接v.-ing的主动结构常表被动含义
This film is really worth seeing.这部电影的确值得看.
The car needs cleaning.这辆汽车需要清扫了.
(3)有些动词如:cook, print, do等,常用主动结构的进行时表被动含义
The lunch is cooking.午饭正在烧.
(4)某些系动词如 feel, prove, smell, taste, sound等加上形容词,也可用主动语态表示被动意义.如:
The food tastes delicious.这食物味道很美.
1.不知道谁是动作的执行者,用被动语态
My watch was stolen.我的手表被窃了.
2.没有必要或不想指出谁是动作的执行者,用被动语态
The children have been very well looked after.孩子们得到很好的照顾.
Many thousands of trees must be planted every year.每年必须种很多树.
This hat was made in China.这顶帽子是中国制作的.
The bicycles must not be put here.这儿不准放车.
被动语态的用法
3.强调或突出动作的承受者时,用被动语态
She was asked to sing a song.她被要求唱支歌.
A liar is looked down upon.说谎的人被人看不起.
4.出于礼貌措辞等原因不愿说出动作的执行者
Anyone who sees the lion is asked to telephone the zoo and the police.
有谁看见这只狮子,请给动物园和警方打电话.
You are wished to do it more carefully.希望你认真一点做.
把主动语态的结构变为被动语态结构时，要做如下的变动:
主动结构的宾语变为被动结构的主语
主动结构的谓语动词由主动语态变为被动语态结构的谓语动词(be+动词的过去分词)
主动结构的主语变为介词“by”的宾语,组成介词短语,放在被动结构中谓语动词之后.
原句：He can't have drawn this picture.
变被动：This picture can't have been drawn by him.这张画不可能是他画的.
主动语态变为被动语态的方法
【注意事项】
主动语态变被动语态时,时态要保持一致
含有直接宾语和间接宾语的主动结构,变为被动结构时,可以将其中一个宾语变为被动语态的主语,另一个不动.一般是将主动结构的间接宾语变为被动结构的主语,这样句子显得自然一些
Books and newspapers in the reading room mustn't be taken away.阅览室的书和报纸都不能带走.
When was that book published 那本书是什么时候出版的
Shall we be asked to attend the opening ceremony 会邀请我们参加开幕式吗
【知识拓展】
(1)带双宾语的谓语动词变为被动语态时,既可以将间接宾语转化成主语,也可以将直接宾语转化成主语.若将间接宾语转化成主语,则保留直接宾语;若将直接宾语转化成主语,则保留间接宾语,且在被保留的间接宾语前加上介词to或for.
We gave them some books.我们给了他们一些书.
They were given some books.(变间接宾语为主语)
Some books were given(to)them.(变直接宾语为主语)
(2)含有宾语补足语的句子,宾语变为主语后,宾语补足语改为主语补足语,原来的位置一般不变.但如果宾语补足语是不带to的动词不定式,句子变成被动语态后则要加to,以便将两个动词隔开.
We keep food cold in the fridge. →Food is kept cold in the fridge.我们用电冰箱保鲜食品.
Every day the tiger makes one of the smaller animals bring him something to eat.＝→Every day one of the smaller animals was made to bring the tiger something to eat.老虎每天强迫一个小动物给他带吃的东西来.
(3)短语动词的被动语态
短语动词在主动结构中是一个不可分割的词组,在被动结构中也是如此,不可丢掉后面的介词或副词.
The nurse takes good care of the children.阿姨很好地照顾小孩.
The children are taken good care of by the nurse.孩子们受到保姆很好的照顾.
1.某些表示状态的及物动词作谓语时
常见的表示状态的及物动词有have(有),fit(适合),suit(适合),hold(容纳),cost(花费)等.
The room can hold 100 people.这个房间能容纳100人.
2.宾语是反身代词或相互代词、表示地点或处所的名词时,不可用于被动语态
在黑暗中我们几乎看不到对方.
We could hardly see each other in the dark.( )
Each other could hardly be seen in the dark.(x)
不能使用被动语态的情况
3.宾语是不定式短语或动名词时
汤姆喜欢听音乐.
Tom enjoys listening to music.( )
Listening to music is enjoyed by Tom. (x)
1．（2023·河北·统考中考真题）Breakfast ________ every day for people aged over 60 for free in this village.
A．provides B．provided C．is provided D．was provided
【答案】C
【详解】句意：这个村子每天为60岁以上的老人免费提供早餐。
考查一般现在时的被动语态。本句主语Breakfast是动作provide的承受者，结合“every day”可知，是一般现在时，所以用一般现在时的被动语态。故选C。
真题再现
2．（2023·湖南岳阳·统考中考真题）The panda Ya Ya ________ back to China on April 27th, 2023.
A．is brought B．was brought C．will be brought
【答案】B
【详解】句意：大熊猫丫丫于2023年4月27日被带回中国。
考查一般过去时的被动语态。本句主语是动作的承受者，结合时间状语“on April 27th, 2023”可知，用一般过去时的被动语态。故选B。
3．（2023·山东滨州·统考中考真题）—Can he get the first prize in the race
—He ________ so, but he has just hurt his leg. It’s impossible now.
A．will expect to do B．is expected doing
C．has expected doing D．was expected to do
【答案】D
【详解】句意：——他能在比赛中获得第一名吗？——大家都希望他这样，但他只是把腿弄伤了。现在不可能了。
考查动词时态和语态。主语He和expect之间是动宾关系，所以用被动语态，结合“but he has just hurt his leg. It’s impossible now.”可知，期望的动作发生在过去，所以用一般过去时的被动语态，be expected to do sth“被期望做某事”，固定短语，故选D。
4．（2023·江苏扬州·统考中考真题）Sand turns to glass when it ________ by lightning.
A．hits B．is hit C．is hitting D．will be hit
【答案】B
【详解】句意：沙子被闪电击中会变成玻璃。
考查语态。句子主语it指代的是“Sand”，与动词hit之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，陈述事实用一般现在时，故选B。
5．（2023·湖南怀化·统考中考真题）The cake ______ by the hungry students quickly yesterday.
A．eats B．is eaten C．was eaten
【答案】C
【详解】句意：昨天，那个蛋糕被饥饿的学生们很快吃完了。
考查一般过去时的被动语态。根据“yesterday”可知句子应用一般过去时，主语The cake与动词eat存在逻辑上的被动关系，因此句子应用一般过去时的被动语态，其谓语结构为：was/were+过去分词。故选C。
6．（2023·天津·统考中考真题）Some photos of the moon ________ in the Space Club next week.
A．shows B．is showing C．were shown D．will be shown
【答案】D
【详解】句意：一些月球的照片将于下周在太空俱乐部展出。
考查一般将来时的被动语态。根据“next week”可知句子应用一般将来时，主语Some photos of the moon与动词show存在逻辑上的被动关系，因此句子应用一般将来时的被动语态，其谓语结构为：will be+过去分词。故选D。
7．（2023·江西·统考中考真题）Hou Yi ________ magic medicine for shooting down the nine suns, then Pang Meng tried to steal it.
A．gives B．has given C．gave D．was given
【答案】D
【详解】句意：后羿因为射下了九个太阳而得到了神药，然后逄蒙想偷走它。
考查被动语态。分析句子可知，主语Hou Yi与谓语动词give是被动关系，又根据“then Pang Meng tried to steal it”可知，此处应用一般过去时的被动语态，其结构为“was/were+动词过去分词”，主语为第三人称单数，be动词用was，故选D。
8．（2023·安徽·统考中考真题）Computers have had a great influence on learning methods since they ________ into schools.
A．introduce B．introduced C．are introduced D．were introduced
【答案】D
【详解】句意：自从计算机被引入学校以来，它们对学习方法产生了很大的影响。
考查时态和语态。since引导的时间状语从句，从句用一般过去时，主语“they”指代“Computers”，与谓语动词introduce“引进”之间是动宾关系，所以用一般过去时的被动语态（were done）。故选D。
9．（2023·江苏连云港·统考中考真题）To make the environment much better, more trees ________ next year.
A．plant B．will plant C．are planted D．will be planted
【答案】D
【详解】句意：为了使环境更好，明年将种植更多的树。
考查一般将来时被动语态。主语more trees与动词plant之间被动关系，结合next year可知，此处用一般将来时被动语态will be done的结构，故选D。
10．（2023·四川泸州·统考中考真题）The 18th China International Alcoholic Drinks Expo (CIADE) ________ in Luzhou from April 13th to April 16th, 2023.
A．was held B．is held C．will be held D．has been held
【答案】D
【详解】句意：第十八届中国国际酒类博览会于2023年4月13日至4月16日在泸州举行。
考查现在完成时的被动语态。根据“The 18th China International Alcoholic Drinks Expo (CIADE) … in Luzhou from April 13th to April 16th, 2023.”可知，句子时态为现在完成时，表示一段时间内的状态，主语和动词hold之间为被动关系，因此用现在完成时的被动语态“has/have been done”。故选D。
11．（2023·四川达州·统考中考真题）—Would you mind telling me if he ________ the meeting in two days
—He won’t, unless he ________.
A．will attend, is invited B．attends, will be invited C．will attend, invites
【答案】A
【详解】句意：——你介意告诉我他两天后是否会参加会议吗？——除非有人邀请，否则他不会参加的。
考查时态和语态。第一处if表示“是否”，引导宾语从句，结合“in two days”可知，用一般将来时“will do”，排除B；分析“He won’t, unless he...”可知，该句是以unless引导的时间状语从句，时态遵循“主将从现”，从句主语he是动作的承受者，所以用一般现在时被动语态“is done”，故选A。
12．（2023·四川凉山·统考中考真题）—We’re so proud that China is getting stronger and stronger.
—Yes. As you can see, Chinese ________ by more and more foreigners.
A．learns B．is learned C．was learned
【答案】B
【详解】句意：——我们为中国越来越强大感到骄傲。——是的。正如你所看到的，越来越多的外国人学习汉语。
考查被动语态。主语Chinese和动词learn之间是被动关系，结合语境可知现在汉语被越来越多的外国人学习，应用一般现在时的被动语态，故选B。
13．（2023·四川成都·统考中考真题）A great number of beautiful flowers ________ on the second ring road in Chengdu these days.
A．plant B．are planted C．are planting
【答案】B
【详解】句意：这些天，成都的二环路上种了许多美丽的花。
考查被动语态。主语和动词plant之间是被动关系，此处应用被动语态：be done。故选B。
能力拔高特训
一、单项选择
1. I am happy I ________ to be the monitor of our class by my classmates.
A．choose B．chose C．was chosen
【答案】C
2.The Forbidden City (紫禁城), the largest palace in the world, ________ more than 600 years ago.
A．built B．were built C．was built up D．was building
【答案】C
3.Few students could understand the sentence until it ________ by Miss Chen.
A．explained B．was explained C．was explaining
【答案】B
4.After the boy’s homework ________, he went out to play.
A．finished B．finishes C．was finished D．is finished
【答案】C
5.UNICEF, part of the United Nations, _____ in Europe in 1946 after World War II.
A．set up B．was set up C．took up D．was taken up
【答案】B
6.— The Law on Family Education Promotion (家庭教育促进法) _________ on Oct. 23, 2021.
— Yeah! It came into effect (生效) on Jan. 1, 2022.
A．passes B．was passed C．passed D．pass
【答案】B
7.Last month, the little girl ________ well enough by the neighbors while her parents were volunteering.
A．is cared for B．was cared for C．will be cared for
【答案】B
8.The Youth Sports Center on Zixiao Road ________ last year.
A．built B．was built C．has built D．was building
【答案】B
9.The Communist Party of China’s 20th National Congress (中共二十大) _______ in autumn this year.
A．was held B．is held C．will be held
【答案】C
10.—I hear that you took part in a forest clean-up activity last Sunday.
—Yes, it ________ by our school green club to protect forests.
A．organizes B．organized C．was organized D．will be organized
【答案】C
11．Tea _______ by accident about 5000 years ago.
A．invented B．was invented C．is invented
【答案】B
12．（2022·甘肃定西·中考真题）Paper ________ in ancient China more than 2,000 years ago.
A．invented B．was invented
C．invent D．is invented
【答案】B
13．Mr. Smith created a new game. Soon all his students ________ rules to play it.
A．teach B．taught
C．are taught D．were taught
【答案】D
14．（2022·重庆·中考真题）His guitar ________ as a gift for him last week.
A．buys B．is bought
C．bought D．was bought
【答案】D
15．Some groups _______ prizes on April 15, 2022 by the Central Committee of the CYLC（共青团中央）.
A．were given B．were giving C．will be given
【答案】A
16．Last year, a new old people’s home ________ in our community.
A．builds B．built
C．is built D．was built
【答案】D
17．A new supermarket ________ on Center Street next year.
A．was built B．will be built C．is built
【答案】B
18．I ________ by aliens on my way home the other day. Do you believe me
A．have attacked B．was attacked
C．was attacking D．am attacked
【答案】B
19．The 24th Winter Olympic Games ________ in February, 2022, Beijing.
A．hold B．held
C．is held D．was held
【答案】D
20．Five more clubs ________ next week to make our school life rich and colorful.
A．set up B．are set up
C．will be set up D．were set up
【答案】C
21．The 24th Winter Olympic Games ________ in Beijing in February, 2022. Its motto（口号）was “Together for a Shared Future”.
A．is held B．holds
C．was held D．will be held
【答案】C
22．—How does your father help you in your life
—When things aren’t going well, I ________ not to give up by him.
A．encourage B．encouraged
C．am encouraged D．will encourage
【答案】C
23．The three-child policy _________ to fight the drop in the nation’s birthrate and the challenge of a rapidly aging population last May.
A．introduces B．is introduced
C．introduced D．was introduced
【答案】D
24．Now more and more people ______ to do voluntary work for their communities.
A．have encouraged B．are encouraging
C．were encouraged D．are encouraged
【答案】D
二、按要求完成句子。
1.Mr. Wang has chosen ten more people as the new football team members.（改为被动语态）
Ten more people ________ ________ chosen as the new football team members.
【答案】 have been
2.Some reporters interviewed government official on traffic problems yesterday.（改为被动语态）
A government official ________ ________ on traffic problems by some reporters yesterday.
【答案】 was interviewed
3.We must take good care of the old people in our country.（改为被动语态）
The old people must ________ ________ good care of in our country.
【答案】 be taken
4.Mum asks me to prepare breakfast after I get up. (改为被动语态)
I am asked ________ breakfast after I get up.
【答案】to prepare
谢谢
21世纪教育网（www.21cnjy.com)
中小学教育资源网站
兼职招聘：
https://www.21cnjy.com/recruitment/home/admin