15 定语从句专项复习课件 2024中考二轮复习（知识讲解+真题解析+能力拔高）

(共55张PPT)
15 定语从句专项复习
2024年中考二轮复习
Content
命题趋势分析
01
知识系统构建
02
知识点(真题)解析
03
能力拔高特训
04
目录
命题趋势分析
定语从句的命题方向主要以点：
一、定语从句引导词；
二、定语从句主谓一致问题；
非限制性定语从句也时常考察
定语从句是中考必考考点之一，主要考查的是定语从句的引导词。考查的主要形式是单项填空、完形填空、短文填空和完成句子。阅读理解和书面表达肯定也会考查到定语从句。因此学生要熟练掌握定语从句的用法。关系代词引导的定语从句最为常见和常考。
知识系统构建
知识点(真题)
解析
在一个复合句中，修饰某个名词或代词的不是一个词或者词组，而是一个完整的句子，这个句子就是定语从句。
定语从句相关概念
定语从句的概念和分类
先行词
一般来说定语从句是紧跟被修饰的名词或代词之后，所以被修饰的词称为先行词。
关系词
引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，在定语从句中关系词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的重要成分。
The man who spoke at the meeting is from Hong Kong. 会上发言的人来自香港。
解析：who spoke at the meeting就是定语从句，修饰先行词The man，who就是引导从句的关系词，在从句中充当主语的成分。
根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为：
限制性定语从句；
非限制性定语从句。
限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句不可省去；非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。
定语从句分类
引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词常见的有which,who,that，whom，whose。等，
关系副词常见的有when,where,why。
限制性定语从句
定语从句的关系词
选择什么关系词应该从下面两个方面判定：
1.看从句中缺少的成分
从句中如果缺少的是主语和宾语，则选用关系代词，因为关系代词在从句中充当主语和宾语；
如果缺的是状语（通常是时间，地点和原因），则选用关系副词，因为关系副词在从句中充当状语；
如果缺少的是定语，则用whose。
定语从句的关系词选用
2.看先行词
若先行词指人，并且在从句中充当主语，则使用that/who，如果是在从句中当宾语，则使用who/whom/that，充当宾语时，关系词可省略。
若先行词指物，并且在从句中充当主语，则使用that/which，如果是在从句中当宾语，则使用that/which，充当宾语时，关系词可省略。
若关系词在从句中充当定语，则使用whose。
that既可以指人，又可以指物。
2.看先行词
若先行词指人，并且在从句中充当主语，则使用that/who，如果是在从句中当宾语，则使用who/whom/that，充当宾语时，关系词可省略。
若先行词指物，并且在从句中充当主语，则使用that/which，如果是在从句中当宾语，则使用that/which，充当宾语时，关系词可省略。
若关系词在从句中充当定语，则使用whose。
that既可以指人，又可以指物。
当先行词表示时间，关系副词在从句中作时间状语选用when；
当先行词表示地点，关系副词在从句中作地点状语选用where ；
当先行词是reason，关系副词在从句中作原因状语选用 why。
The man who/that spoke at the meeting is from Hong Kong. 会上发言的人来自香港。
分析：从句中缺主语，用关系代词；先行词是人，所以用who/that。
The building which/that is being built will be used as a hospital. 在建中的这幢建筑将用作医院。
分析：从句中缺主语，用关系代词；先行词是物，所以用which/that。
各种关系词引导的定语从句
I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the world. 我拜访了一位世界知名的科学家。
分析：从句中缺定语，修饰name用whose。
He remembers the day when he joined the League. 他记得他入团那天。
分析：从句中缺状语，用关系副词；先行词是the day，所以用when。
This was the time when he arrived. 这是他到达的时间。
分析：从句中缺状语，用关系副词；先行词是the time，所以用when。
This is the place where Lu Xun was born. 这就是鲁迅出生的地方。
分析：从句中缺状语，用关系副词；先行词是the place，所以用where。
This is the place where he works. 这是他工作的地点。
分析：从句中缺状语，用关系副词；先行词是the place，所以用where。
This is the reason why he is late today. 这就是他今天迟到的原因。
分析：从句中缺状语，用关系副词；先行词是 the reason，所以用why。
【拓展】只用that,不用which 的情况：
1）当先行词是：all , any , anything , everything , nothing或被它们修饰时。
Is there anything that I can do for you 有什么可以为你做的吗？
All that can be done must be done . 凡是能做的都必须做。
2）当先行词被形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时。
例如：
That is one of the most interesting books that are sold in the bookshop.那是这家书店出售的最有趣的书之一。
The first thing that we should do is to get some food.我们该做的第一件事是弄点吃的。
3)当先行词有：the only , the very , the same , the last 等修饰时。
例如：
My necklace is not the only thing that's missing .我的项链不仅是丢掉的东西。
4)当先行词既有人又有物时，用that 。
例如：
The writer and his novel that you have just talked about are really well known .你刚才谈起的那位作家以及他的小说确实很著名。
(5)先行词在主句中作表语，或关系代词在从句中作表语时。
It's a book that will help you a lot. 这是一本对你很有帮助的书。
(6)主句是there be 结构，修饰主语的定语从句用that，而不用which。
There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom. 桌子上那本书是汤姆的。
(7)以who或which引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，只能用that。
Who is the girl that is crying 正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁？
【拓展】关系词只能用which，而不用that的情况：
(1)先行词为that， those时，用which，而不用that。
What's that which is under the desk 在桌子底下的那些东西是什么？
(2)关系代词前有介词时，一般用which，而不用that。
This is the room in which he lives. 这是他居住的房间。
(3)引导非限制性定语从句，用which，而不用that。
Tom came back, which made us happy. 汤姆回来了，这使我们很高兴。
【拓展】当先行词是position，point，situation，atmosphere等表示抽象地点的名词充当先行词时，若定语从句中缺少状语，则用where来引导。
如：It's helpful to put children in a situation where they can see themselves differently.
把孩子们放在一个能够让他们从不同角度看待自己的环境中对他们很有帮助。
【拓展】关系副词when, where和why也可用“介词+which”来代替，要注意其先行词(名词）与介词的合理搭配，介词根据先行词或定语从句的谓语动词来确定。
when 相当于“at/in/on/during + which”
where 相当于“in/at/on + which”
why 相当于“for + which”
王先生工作的那家工厂是一家鞋厂。
这个句子有以下三种表达方式：
The factory is a shoe factory which/that Mr. Wang works in.
The factory is a shoe factory in which Mr. Wang works.
The factory is a shoe factory where Mr. Wang works.
非限制性定语从句
限定性定语从句 非限定性定语从句
表意 与主句关系紧密，不能删除 与主句关系松散，能删除
功能 修饰先行词 先行词或整个句子
形式 无逗号隔开 有逗号隔开，不能使用that
1.限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别
She was married to Tony, who was also a student．这里who引起的就是一个非限定性定语从句，拿掉之后句子还能成立。
2、as, which 非限定性定语从句
由as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句，as可代整个主句，相当于and this或and that，As一般放在句首；which可以指代前面的先行词，也可以指代前面整个句子一般放在句子中间，用逗号隔开。
As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.
The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.　
That Peter will marry Alice, which has not been announced yet, has spread around. 彼特要娶爱丽斯这件事还没宣布，却已被传得沸沸扬扬
3、除as和which外，还可用when， where， who，whom等关系副词或关系代词引导非限制性定语从句。
After graduation, I decided to stay in Chongqing, where I spent my childhood and four years of college life. 毕业后，我决定留在重庆，在那里我度过了我的童年和四年大学生活。
4、在限制性定语从句中，如果先行词作宾语时，引导词可以省略；但引导非限制性定语从句的引导词不能省，同时关系代词whom不能用who替换。
5、that不能引导非限制性定语从句。
定语从句的主谓一致问题
1.当关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词要与先行词保持主谓一致。
He is one of the boys who like playing basketball. 他是喜欢打篮球的男孩子之一。
He is the one of the boys who likes playing basketball. 他就是那个喜欢打篮球的男孩子。
2.其他的情况，从句的主语和谓语保持一致就行。
1．（2023·湖南岳阳·统考中考真题）Lei Feng is a great person ________ sets a good example to us.
A．who B．which C．whose
【答案】A
【详解】句意：雷锋是一个伟大的人，他给我们树立了好榜样。
考查定语从句。此处是定语从句，先行词是人，引导词在从句中作主语，故选A。
真题再现
2．（2023·四川成都·统考中考真题）He showed me the photos ________ he took at his graduation ceremony.
A．that B．who C．what
【答案】A
【详解】句意：他给我看了他在毕业典礼上拍的照片。
考查定语从句。that引导定语从句，先行词是人/物；who引导定语从句，先行词是人；what不引导定语从句。本句中先行词“the photos”是物，且在句中作宾语，用引导词that。故选A。
3.（2023·湖北十堰统考中考真题）I will remember the important people ________ helped and supported me in my life.
A.which B. whose C. whom D. who
【答案】D
【详解】句意：我将记住在我的生活中帮助和支持我的重要的人。考查定语从句。which哪一个；whose谁的；whom谁；who谁。分析句子结构可知，此处是定语从句，先行词是people,指人，在从句中作主语，用关系词who引导定语从句，故选D。
4.（2023·四川遂宁中考真题）Miss Xiang is a great teacher _________always makes her classes lively and fascinating.
A. which B. who C. what D. whom
【答案】B
【详解】句意：向老师是一位优秀的老师，她总是使她的课生动有趣。考查who引导的限制性定语从句。which（……的）那个；who谁；what什么；whom谁，who的宾格。分析句子结构，这是一个包含定语从句的复合句，先行词为a great teacher，因此空白处应填入指人的关系代词，在定语从句中作主语，指人应用who来引导定语从句。故选B。
5.(2023·新疆·中考真题)Lots of Chinese young people ___________were born after 1995 use door-to-door cooking to save time.
A.that B.those C.which D./
【答案】A
【详解】句意：为了节省时间，很多95后的中国年轻人都采用上门做饭的方式。
考查定语从句引导词。that引导定语从句时，先行词是人/物，在句中作主语或宾语；those那些，指示代词；which引导定语从句时，先行词是物，在句中作主语或宾语；/不填。空后“…were born after 1995”在句中作定语修饰名词，先行词Chineseyoung people指人，且空处在句中作主语，所以用who引导，故选A。
6.(2023·吉林·统考中考真题)The students are reading books_________are full of the“red spirit”these days.
A.who B.where C.which
【答案】C
【详解】句意：这些天，学生们正在读充满“红色精神”的书。
考查定语从句。who谁；where哪儿；which哪个。本句含定语从句，先行词books指物，引导词在从句中作主语，故选C。
7.(2023·黑龙江·统考中考真题)—What can we do for the left-home children ________need help
—We could help them with their study online on weekends.
A.which B.who C.whom
【答案】B
【详解】句意：——我们能为需要帮助的留守儿童做些什么 ——我们可以在周末帮助他们在线学习。考查定语从句。which先行词指物；who先行词指人，在从句中作主语；whom先行词指人，在从句中作宾语。本句先行词是the left-home children,指人，且空格处在从句中作主语，故用who引导定语从句。故选B。
8.(2023·黑龙江绥化·统考中考真题)Mrs.Wang is an English teacher__________makes her class lively.
A.which B.whose C.who
【答案】C
【详解】句意：王老师是一位英语老师，她使她的课堂生动活泼。
考查定语从句。句子含定语从句，先行词是teacher，指人，从句缺主语，用关系代词who引导从句。故选C。
9.(2023·四川乐山·统考中考真题)Guo Moruo is a famous Chinese writer ________is popular around the world.
A.which B.whom C.who
【答案】C
【详解】句意：郭沫若是一位著名的中国作家，在世界各地都很受欢迎。考查定语从句。which指物，从句作主语，宾语；whom指人，从句作宾语；who指人，从句中作主语，宾语。根据语义及句子结构可知，前后为两个句子，且空后句子为定语从句，修饰先行词writer“作家”，指人，且在定语从句中充当主语，用关系词who。故选C。
10.(2023·湖南株洲·统考中考真题)Today's China is acountry ________keeps to this national character
A.what B.who C.that
【答案】C
【详解】句意：今天的中国是一个保持这种民族性的国家。
考查定语从句。此处是定语从句，先行词是“a country”,指物，引导词在从句中作主语，故选C。
11.(2023·湖南郴州·统考中考真题)Tea is the leaf of a plant________grows widely in China, Japan and other countries
A.what B.who C.that
【答案】C
【详解】句意：茶是一种广泛生长在中国、日本和其他国家的植物的叶子。
考查定语从句。分析题干可知，这是一个定语从句，先行词“a plant”为物，空处在定语从句中作主语，应用that/which引导，故选C。
能力拔高特训
一、单项选择
1.—Mom is waiting. Can we set off now
—Just a minute. I can’t find the shoes ________ I bought last week.
A．that B．who C．what D．who
【答案】A
2.Yuan Longping is a great scientist ________ will live in our heart forever.
A．which B．who C．what
【答案】B
3.—Volunteering is a meaningful activity.
—I agree. We should express thanks to the people ________ do volunteer jobs.　　
A．whom B．what C．who D．which
【答案】C
4.—What kind of music do you like, Linda
—I like music ________ I can dance to.
A．when B．that C．what
【答案】B
5.— Jeff, what are you watching
— A short video about Zhang Guimei ________ stories move me deeply.
A．who B．whom C．whose
【答案】C
6.He ________ does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man.
A．whom B．/ C．which D．who
【答案】D
7.—What kind of movies do you like
—I prefer movies _________ me something to think about.
A．whom give B．who gives C．which give D．that gives
【答案】C
8.—How exciting the speech is!
—Pretty good! This is the best speech ________ I’ve ever heard.
A．which B．that C．who
【答案】B
9.Do you know the boy ________ is standing under the tree
A．who B．which C．where
【答案】A
10.—Do you know the woman ________ is giving a lesson in space now
—Of course. She is Wang Yaping.
A．which B．whom C．who
【答案】C
11. Mrs. Wang is an English teacher ________ makes her classes lively and interesting.
A．which B．who C．what
【答案】B
12.China is the first nation ________ sent Chang’e Ⅳ to the far side of the moon.
A．which B．that C．who
【答案】B
13.The boys __________ are playing football are from Class One.
A．which B．who C．whose
【答案】B
14.I can’t forget the teachers and the university ________ I visited two years ago. They bring me many sweet memories.
A．that B．which C．what
【答案】A
15.We should remember those ________ lost their lives for our country.
A．who B．whom C．which
【答案】A
16.—Is the woman ______ walked past just now your teacher
—Yes, she teaches ______ English and we all love her very much.
A．which; our B．who; us C．which; us D．that; our
【答案】B
17.Students love the teachers ________ are outgoing and humorous.
A．who B．whom C．which D．whose
【答案】A
18.— What kind of books do you like best
— I like books ________ are about science and technology.
A．who B．whom C．which
【答案】C
19.—Do you like the movie ________ is called The Battle at Lake Changjin
—Sure. I think no movie is ________ than it.
A．that; more touching B．what; less touching
C．that; more touched D．which; less touched
【答案】A
20.Rome is an ancient city _______ is full of places of interest.
A．where B．which C．who
【答案】B
21.Is this the factory _________ some foreign friends visited last Monday
A．one B．where C．in that D．that
【答案】D
22.—Do you know the boy ________ is under the tree
—Oh, he is my cousin.
A．which B．who C．whom D．whose
【答案】B
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