16 宾语从句专项复习课件 2024中考二轮复习（知识讲解+真题解析+能力拔高）

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16 宾语从句专项复习
2024年中考二轮复习
Content
命题趋势分析
01
知识系统构建
02
知识点(真题)解析
03
能力拔高特训
04
目录
命题趋势分析
宾语从句的命题方向主要以点：
一、宾语从句语序；
二、宾语从句时态；
三、宾语从句连接词；
四、简化宾语从句
从近几年的中考情况来看，宾语从句是必考的命题点，主要考察宾语从句语序；宾语从句时态；宾语从句连接词问题。
考察的题型主要以选择题和填空题为主。
知识系统构建
知识点(真题)
解析
在复合句中，宾语是由一个完整的句子充当，充当复合句的宾语的句子，叫做宾语从句。
I remember he gave me a book yesterday.我记得他昨天给了我一本书。
分析：he gave me a book yesterday是做及物动词remember的宾语
定义
宾语从句的定义和分类
根据宾语从句充当的宾语的种类的不同，宾语从句可分为三类。
1.动词宾语从句；
2.介词宾语从句；
3.形容词之后的宾语从句。
宾语从句分类
①动词宾语从句.
She said that she would come.她说她要来的.
Li Lei asked Jim why his family moved to France.李磊问吉姆为什么他家搬到法国.
Could you tell me how I can get to the zoo 您可以告诉我怎么去动物园吗
能跟这类宾语从句的常见动词有:see, say, tell, answer, know, decide, find out, suggest, wonder, show, discuss, understand, advise等.
当主句的谓语动词是think, believe, suppose, imagine时,如果宾语从句要表示否定意义,往往通过否定主句来实现,这叫做“否定的转移”.主句的主语通常是I或we,谓语动词通常是一般现在时.
I don't think it's necessary to buy a bigger computer.我认为没有必要买一台较大的微机.
But I don't think chickens can swim.但是我想鸡不会游泳.
【知识拓展】
②介词宾语从句.
宾语从句也可用作介词的宾语.
She was never satisfied with what she had got.她从不满足于她已取得的.
She always thinks of how she can help those handicapped children to go to school.她总是想如何能帮助残疾儿童上学.
③形容词之后的宾语从句.
形容词sure, glad, certain, afraid, pleased, happy等之后也可跟宾语从句.
I'm glad(that) you have come.我很高兴你来了.
I am sure that you will be a success in the future.我确信你将来会成功.
I'm afraid that you can't catch the train.我恐怕你赶不上火车了.
宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序，即按照主语、谓语的顺序。
宾语从句的语序
The teacher said(that) he was an honest boy.老师说他是个诚实的男孩。
I wonder if/whether he works hard.我想知道他是否工作努力。
在think，believe，suppose，expect等动词后的宾语从句，当主句的主语是第一人称时，谓语尽管是否定的意思，却不用否定形式，而将think等动词变为否定形式，英语称这种现象为否定转移。如：
①我认为今晚他不能来。
【误】I think he can’t come this evening.
【正】I don’t think he can come this evening.
②他认为我们现在不在教室里。
【误】He doesn’t think we are in the classroom now.
【正】He thinks we are not in the classroom now.
宾语从句的否定转移
宾语从句的时态原则上应与主句的时态保持一致，具体可分为下面几种情况：
宾语从句的时态
1. 如果主句是现在的某种时态（包括一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时），那么宾语从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。
He has told me that he’ll leave for New York tomorrrow.
I don’t think (that) you are right.
Please tell us where he is.
Can you tell me how I can get to the railway station
2. 如果主句是过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时、过去进行时），那么宾语从句一定要用过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时）。
He told me that he would take part in the high jump.
He asked what time it was.
He told me that he was preparing for the sports meet.
He asked if you had written to Peter
He said that he would go back to the US soon.
3. 如果宾语从句表示的是客观事实或真理，即使主句是过去时，从句也用一般现在时态。
Our teacher said that January is the first month of the year.
Scientists have proved that the earth turns around the sun.
He told me that the earth is round.
that 引导的宾语从句中，that 作连接代词，无意义，在句中不作任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中通常可以省略。
She says that she will help me learn English this evening.
她说今天晚上她会帮我学英语。
He is a good boy except that he is careless.
他是一个好男孩，只是有点儿粗心。
I’m happy (that) I passed the exam. 我很高兴我通过了考试。
各类引导词引导的宾语从句
that引导的宾语从句
①从句的主语是that时，that不能省略；
We know that is an interesting film. 我们知道那是一部有趣的电影。
②and连接的两个表示陈述意义的宾语从句并列时，有时省去第一个从句的连词that，但第二个从句的连词that一般不可以省略。如：
He told me (that) they could not decide what to do and that they asked my advice.他告诉我他们决定不了去做什么并且问了我的意见。
引导词that不能省略的几种情况
宾语从句后置的情况
如果宾语从句后还有宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语，而将宾语从句后置。
如：We thought it strange that Xiao Zhang did not come yesterday.
小张昨天没来，我们觉得很奇怪。
③that引导的宾语从句作介词宾语时，that不能省略。如：
I know nothing about him except that he is from the south.对他我一无所知，只知道他是南方人。
if 和whether在句中的意思是＂是否＂，不能省略。
whether/if引导的宾语从句
Let me know whether you are coming.告诉我你是否要来.
He asked me if(whether) I knew John.他问我是否认识约翰.
I want to know whether(if)he lives there.我想知道他是否在那儿住.
if和whether用法区别
一般情况下，if和whether可互换，在口语中多用if， 而在以下几种情况下，只能用whether。
1. 与 or 连用分别引导两个从句时，或强调两方面的选择, 特别是句中有or not时用whether，不用if。
I don’t know whether or not they will come. 我不知道他们是否会来。
I don’t know whether he is wrong or she is wrong.
Let me know whether you can come or not.
I don’t know whether he will win or not.
I will write to you whether or not I can come / whether I can come or not.
2. 在动词不定式之前只能用whether。
He dosen’t know whether to go or not. 他不知道是否会去。
Please tell us whether to go there or stay here. 请告诉我们是去那里还是待在这里。
Whether to go or stay is still a question.
I’m not sure whether to stay or leave.
I didn’t know whether to laugh or to cry.
3. 在介词之后只能用whether引导宾语从句，而If则不能。
It depends on whether I have enough time. 那取决于我是否有足够的时间。
Success depends on whether we make enough effort.
I haven’t settled the question of whether I’ll go back home.
4. 宾语从句置于句首表示强调时，用whether，不用if。
Whether this is true, I can’t say. Whether he is single, I don’t know.
Whether this is true, I can’t say.
Whether he is single, I don’t know.
5. 在某些动词（如discuss，decide）之后，只能用whether，而不用if引导宾语从句。
We discussed whether we should close the shop. （虚拟语气）
We discussed whether we should go there by plane.（虚拟语气）
We discussed whether we should hold a meeting. （虚拟语气）
6. 在引导否定概念宾语从句时，只能用if，而不用whether。
He asked me if I hadn’t finished my work.
注意：doubt否定句用that引导。因为don’t doubt 意为相信，不怀疑，if是否表示疑虑。
引导的宾语从句的特殊疑问词分为连接代词和连接副词。
常见的连接代词：who, whom, whose, what, which
常见的连接副词：when, where, why, how
这些代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分，不能省略。
特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句
连接代词引导的宾语从句，其中连接代词一般在从句中作主语，定语，宾语或表语。
连接代词引导的宾语从句
1.连接词在从句中作主语。常见的连接词有： who，what，which等。如：
Could you tell me who knows the answer，please？你能告诉我谁知道答案吗？
The small children don't know what is in their stockings．这些小孩子不知道袜子里有什么东西？
2.连接词在从句中作主语的定语。
常见的连接词有：whose，what，which，how many，how much等。
如：
He asked whose handwriting was the best in our class．他问我们班上谁的书法最好。
The teacher asked us how many people there were in the room．老师问我们房间里有多少人。
3.连接词在从句中作宾语或表语的定语。
常见的连接词有：what，which，how many，how much，how等。
如：
Do you know which class he is in ？你知道他在哪个班吗？
She asked me if I knew whose pen it was．她问我是否知道这是谁的钢笔。
4.连接词在从句中作宾语或表语。
常见的连接词有：who/whom，what，which
如：
Could you tell me what I should do with the money ？你能告诉我我如何处理这笔钱吗？
Do you know who (whom) they are waiting for 你知道他们在等谁吗？
连接副词引导的宾语从句
连接副词引导的宾语从句，其中连接副词一般在从句中作状语。常见的引导词有when, where, why, how。
如：
Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is 你能告诉我3号公共汽车站在哪里吗？
I don’t know why the train is late.我不知道火车为什么晚点。
I don’t know when Ann is going to lran. 我不知道安什么时候去伊朗。
在某些情况下宾语从句可以简化：
1.当主句谓语动词是hope， decide， wish， choose， agree， promise等，且宾语从句的主语与主句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为不定式结构。
例如：
Li Ming hopes he will be back very soon. →Li Ming hopes to be back very soon.
We decided that we would help him. →We decided to help him.
宾语从句的简化
2.当主句谓语动词是know， learn， remember， forget， tell等动词，且主句主语与从句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。
例如：
She has forgotten how she can open the window. →She has forgotten how to open the window.
注：当主句谓语动词是tell， ask， show， teach等动词，且后带双宾语，从句主语和间接宾语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。
例如：
Could you tell me how I can get to the station？ →Could you tell me how to get to the station？
1．（2023·湖北武汉·统考中考真题）This famous saying “When I walk along with two others, they may serve me as my teachers” tells us ________.
A．how should we treat people B．who we can learn from
C．what did we say in public D．why we need teachers
【答案】B
【详解】句意：“三人行，必有我师焉”这句名言告诉我们可以向谁学习。
考查宾语从句。句子是宾语从句，用陈述语序，排除A、C；根据“When I walk along with two others, they may serve me as my teachers”可知此句意为“三人行，必有我师焉”，即我们要向别人学习，用who引导宾语从句。故选B。
真题再现
2．（2023·山东滨州·统考中考真题）—Many students did well in this exam. I wonder ________.
—Through their own efforts.
A．why did they get a success B．what they learned from it
C．whether they tried their best D．how they made it finally
【答案】D
【详解】句意：——许多学生这次考试考得很好。我不知道他们最后是怎么做到的。——通过自己的努力。
考查宾语从句。根据“Through their own efforts”可知此处询问是如何考好的，用how引导宾语从句。故选D。
3．（2023·甘肃白银·统考中考真题）—Do you know ________
—Yes, there’s one here. It’s in the store.
A．whom he is talking with B．when I can get to the hotel
C．how to use the machine D．if there’s a restroom around here
【答案】D
【详解】句意：——你知道这附近有没有洗手间吗？——是的，这儿有一个。它在商店里。
考查宾语从句。whom he is talking with他正在和谁说话；when I can get to the hotel我什么时候能到达酒店；how to use the machine如何使用这台机器；if there’s a restroom around here这附近有没有洗手间。根据“Yes, there’s one here. It’s in the store.”可知此处询问是否有某物，D项符合语境。故选D。
4．（2023·四川泸州·统考中考真题）—Do you know Liu Cixin, the writer of a famous science fiction San Ti I wonder ________.
—In June, 1963.
A．when was he born B．where he was born
C．when he was born D．where was he born
【答案】C
【详解】句意：——你知道著名科幻小说《三体》的作者刘慈欣吗？我想知道他是什么时候出生的。——1963年6月。
考查宾语从句。根据“In June, 1963.”可知，问的是时间，排除B和D；宾语从句为陈述句语序。故选C。
5．（2023·天津·统考中考真题）—Do you remember ________
—Sure. On the evening of May Day.
A．how we got to the Jiefang Bridge B．how did we get to the Jiefang Bridge
C．when the Jiefang Bridge opened itself D．when did the Jiefang Bridge open itself
【答案】C
【详解】句意：——你还记得解放桥什么时候通车吗？
——当然。在五一的晚上。
考查宾语从句。remember后跟宾语从句，需用“陈述语序”，可排除BD选项；根据“On the evening of May Day.”可知此处询问的是时间。故选C。
6．（2023·云南·统考中考真题）—Do you know ________
—Yes, in Hangzhou, a beautiful city in Zhejiang Province.
A．when will the 19th Asian Games be held B．when the 19th Asian Games will be held
C．where will the 19th Asian Games be held D．where the 19th Asian Games will be held
【答案】D
【详解】句意：——你知道第19届亚运会将在哪里举行吗？——是的，在杭州，浙江省一座美丽的城市。
考查宾语从句。根据“Do you know... ”及选项可知，此处要用宾语从句。宾语从句要用陈述语序，排除AC选项；再根据“Yes, in Hangzhou,”可知此处是问亚运会举办的地点，应用where。故选D。
7．（2023·江苏连云港·统考中考真题）—Sarah, do you know ________
—It’s on April 23.
A．what is World Book Day B．what World Book Day is
C．when is World Book Day D．when World Book Day is
【答案】D
【详解】句意：——萨拉，你知道世界读书日是在什么时候吗？——在4月23日。
考查when引导的宾语从句。宾语从句应用陈述语序，故排除A、C。what World Book Day is什么是世界读书日；when World Book Day is世界读书日是在什么时候。根据答句“It’s on April 23.”可知此处应是when引导的宾语从句，询问时间。故选D。
8．（2023·四川成都·统考中考真题）—Do you know ________ the Dragon Boat Festival is this year
—Sorry, I don’t know the exact date.
A．how B．why C．when
【答案】C
【详解】句意：——你知道今年端午节是什么时候吗？——对不起，我不知道确切的日期。
考查宾语从句。how如何；why为什么；when何时。根据答语“Sorry, I don’t know the exact date.”可知，对时间提问，故选C。
9．（2023·四川自贡·统考中考真题）—I want to know ________ you got to Zigong yesterday.
—By high-speed train.
A．where B．how C．when
【答案】B
【详解】句意：——我想知道你昨天是怎么到自贡的。——乘高铁。
考查宾语从句引导词。根据答语“By high-speed train.”可知，对方式提问，故选B。
10．（2023·四川达州·统考中考真题）—Excuse me, could you please tell me ________ I want to go shopping with you.
—Maybe next Saturday afternoon.
A．when are you going to Luofu Plaza B．when you went to Luofu Plaza
C．when you are going to Luofu Plaza
【答案】C
【详解】句意：——对不起，你能告诉我你什么时候去罗浮广场吗？我想和你一起去购物。——也许下周六下午吧。
考查宾语从句。此处是宾语从句，需用陈述语序，排除A；结合“Maybe next Saturday afternoon.”可知，是一般将来时。故选C。
11．（2023·四川凉山·统考中考真题）— Excuse me, do you know ________ The bus has just left.
— Yes. The next bus will arrive in half an hour.
A．how I can get to the bus station B．if there will be another bus
C．how much a bus ticket costs
【答案】B
【详解】句意：——对不起，你知道是否还有一班车吗？公共汽车刚刚开走了。——有的。下一班车半小时后到。
考查宾语从句。how I can get to the bus station我怎么去公共汽车站；if there will be another bus是否还有一班车；how much a bus ticket costs一张公共汽车票要多少钱。根据答语“Yes. The next bus will arrive in half an hour.”可知，询问是否还有一班车，故选B。
12．（2023·江苏扬州·统考中考真题）—I’m wondering ________ at a low price.
—You can book one through our official APP.
A．how I can buy the air ticket B．how can I buy the air ticket
C．when I can buy the air ticket D．when can I buy the air ticket
【答案】A
【详解】句意：——我想知道什么时候能买到便宜的机票。——您可以通过我们的官方APP预订。
考查宾语从句。根据“I’m wondering”可知，句子含宾语从句，从句用陈述语序，排除B和D；答句是订机票的方式，用how提问。故选A。
13．（2023·湖南怀化·统考中考真题）—Jenny, do you know ______
—She is from Canada.
A．where is the woman in red from
B．where the woman in red is from
C．what the woman in red likes
【答案】B
【详解】句意：——Jenny，你知道穿红衣服的女人来自哪里吗？
——她来自加拿大。
考查宾语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处是宾语从句，从句用陈述语序，排除A选项。结合答语“She is from Canada”可知，询问来自哪里，用where询问。故选B。
能力拔高特训
一、单项选择
1.— Mum, I found a wallet on the bus this morning.
— I think you should give it to the police and they may know ________.
A．how is the owner B．who is the owner
C．how the owner is D．who the owner is
【答案】D
2.—I am new here. Can you tell me __________ my classmates
—Try to be warm-hearted and ready to help others.
A．where I can get on well with B．whether I can get on well with
C．when I can get on well with D．how I can get on well with
【答案】D
3.—Can you tell me ________
—Never spend too much time on screen.
A．how we can have bright eyes B．why we should protect our eyes
C．where we can see an eye doctor D．when we should do eye exercises
【答案】A
4.— Zhu Hui, can you tell me ________
— We make Zongzi and watch boat races.
A．why do you like the Dragon Boat Festival
B．how you celebrate the Mid-Autumn Festival
C．when Chinese people celebrate the Chinese New Year
D．what Chinese people usually do on the Dragon Boat Festival
【答案】D
5.—Excuse me, I wonder _________.
—It should be classified(分类) first and then thrown into different bins.
A．where can I throw the rubbish B．how I deal with the rubbish
C．if I needed to throw the rubbish here D．what should I do with the rubbish
【答案】B
6.—Excuse me. Could you tell me ________
—Certainly. Go along Center Street and turn left at the second crossing. You will find it.
A．where is the nearest shopping mall B．where was the nearest shopping mall
C．where the nearest shopping mall is D．where the nearest shopping mall was
【答案】C
7.—What did Mary say to you
—She asked me ________.
A．when our teacher will come back B．where Mike goes
C．why I liked the beef noodles D．if there are new words in the article
【答案】C
8.Sandy asked the boy ________.
A．why did he like English films B．how he will improve his English
C．why he read the English magazine D．how many new words he has learned
【答案】C
9.— Mr. Li, could you please tell me ________
— Sure. We usually eat mooncakes and get together.
A．how you celebrate the Mid-Autumn Festival
B．how do you celebrate the Mid-Autumn Festival
C．when you celebrate the Mid-Autumn Festival
D．when do you celebrate the Mid-Autumn Festival
【答案】A
10—Mary’s birthday is coming. I don’t know ________.
—Why not buy a scarf for her
A．what I should do B．when I should buy her a gift
C．where I should have a party for her D．who I should invite
【答案】A
11.— Could you tell me ________
— At the end of May.
A．why you called me B．when you got the prize
C．how the weather was there D．where you went on a trip
【答案】B
12.— Do you know _______
— They think it is very successful.
A．when the 24th Winter Olympic Games took place
B．what the foreigners think of the 24th Winter Olympic Games
C．why the 24th Winter Olympic Games took place in Beijing
D．how the Chinese players did in the 24th Winter Olympic Games
【答案】B
13．— Excuse me. I am new here. Can you tell me ________
— Sure. Go straight and you will see it on your left.
A．where is the nearest cinema B．where was the nearest cinema
C．where the nearest cinema is D．where the nearest cinema was
【答案】C
14．—Hi, Jacky. What’s that in your hand
—It’s a book about volleyball. It tells us ________ good volleyball players.
A．what can we be B．what we can be
C．how can we be D．how we can be
【答案】D
15．—Excuse me, could you please tell me ________
—For drying the shoes and clothes quickly in winter.
A．what is the machine used for B．what the machine is used for
C．how does the machine work
【答案】B
16．—Do you know ________.
—At 9:00 a.m.
A．where the Science Museum is B．when the Science Museum opens
C．where is the Science Museum D．when does the Science Museum open
【答案】B
17．—Hi, Tom. Could you tell me ________
—I’ll go there next Sunday.
A．how you will go to Beiling Park B．when you will go to Beiling Park
C．how will you go to Beiling Park D．when will you go to Beiling Park
【答案】B
18．—As a teenager, do you know ________ when you are in trouble
—Yes, I can ask my parents, teachers or any other adult I trust.
A．who can you ask for help B．how can you ask for help
C．who you can ask for help D．how you can ask for help
【答案】C
19.—Do you know ________
—Yes. We should try to waste less but recycle more.
A．how can we live a green life B．how we can live a green life
C．why should we live a green life D．when we should live a green life
【答案】B
20.— Could you tell me ________ the Dragon-boat Festival, Jackson
— I had a family get-together and ate delicious zongzi.
A．how you spent B．how did you spend C．when you spent
【答案】A
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