2024年中考英语宾语从句知识讲解和练习（含答案）

中考英语宾语从句
知识讲解和练习
一、宾语从句的概念和结构
1.在复合句中作主句宾语的句子叫宾语从句。
I like my teacher.(名词作宾语)
I enjoy playing basketball.(动名词作宾语)
I decide to study hard.(不定式作宾语)
I know him. (代词作宾语)
I know Mr Li teaches English.(句子作宾语)
She asked if the answer was right.(句子作宾语)
即当宾语是由一个句子在充当时，这个句子就叫宾语从句。
2.结构：主句 + 连接词（引导词）+ 宾语从句
宾语从句的类型：
※ 动词宾语从句：主语 + 动词+ 宾语从句
此类动词有：say, tell, think, know, see, hear, hope, guess, find, feel 等
如：I hope that our team will win the match.
※ 介词宾语从句：主语 + 谓语 + 介词 + 宾语从句
如：I agree with what you said just now.
※ 形容词宾语从句：主语 + be + 形容词+ 宾语从句
此类形容词有：afraid, sure, glad, sorry等
如：I am sorry that I have troubled you so long.
二、宾语从句三要素
（一）宾语从句的语序
宾语从句的语序为陈述句语序。
陈述句语序：主句 + 引导词 + 主语+ 谓语 + 其他成分
Helen says that she will learn French next year.
引导词 主语 谓语
【易错点】语序不变的情况：
1.疑问句的特殊语序
①What’s wrong / What’s the matter / What happened
②Which is the way to …
③Who引导的特殊疑问句且who做主语
I don’t know what’s the matter
Can you tell me who is over there
2.感叹句
You can’t imagine how sad I was yesterday.
【典型例题】
1.Excuse me, can you tell me _______
A.where is there a good place to live
B.where a good place is to live
C.where is a good place to live
D.where there is a good place to live
【答案】D
2.—Could you tell me _______
—Sure.Walk straight along this street and you'll find it.
A.how can I get to the post office
B.where was the post office
C.which is the way to the post office
D.where the post office was
【答案】C
3.Do you know when ______ today.
A.is the bookstore closed
B.does the bookstore close
C.the bookstore closes
D.is the bookstore closing
【答案】C
4.You can’t imagine ______ when they received these Christmas presents.
A.how they were excited
B.how excited they were
C.how excited were they
D.they were how excited
【答案】B
5.The manager came up to see _______.
A.what was the matter
B.what the matter was
C.what is the matter
D.what the matter is
【答案】A
（二）宾语从句的时态
1）主现从不限（需要性原则）
主句是一般现在时，从句不限时态，可根据需要选用任何时态。（从句中有明确的时间状语时应由时间状语来决定时态）
He says that he is good at English.
He says that he has been ill for two days.
I don’t know if he will come tomorrow.
2）主过从过(呼应性原则)
主句是一般过去时，从句可根据需要用相应的过去某种时态（即一般过去时、过去将来时、过去完成时等）。（引用请注明给力英语公众号）
He asked me where I lived.
He said that she had been ill for two days.
She said that she would return soon.
3.特殊情况：
1) 当从句讲述的是客观事实或真理时，从句时态不受主句的影响，都用一般现在时。
The teacher said “light travels faster than sound”.
He said that the earth is round.
2)当主句是Could/Would you tell me…. 时，could/would表示语气委婉，不表示过去时态。
Could you tell me if you are the first one to arrive here
【典型例题】
1.用所给动词的适当形式填空
(1) The radio says it __________ (be) cloudy tomorrow.
(2) She said that she _________ (fly) to Japan in a week.
(3) He asked what they ____________ (do) at eight last night.
(4) The teacher told his students that light _________ (travel) faster than sound.
【答案】will be; would fly; were doing; travels
2.—Excuse me, do you know _____ yesterday
—Sure.It closed at 6:00 p.m.yesterday.
A.when the bookstore closes
B.when does the bookstore close
C.when the bookstore closed
D.when did the bookstore close
【答案】C
3.We are glad to hear that the Greens _____ to a new flat next week.
A.move B.moved
C.will move D.have moved
【答案】C
【解析】句意：我们很高兴听到格林一家下周要搬去新公寓。
考查宾语从句和一般将来时的用法。
解题思路：这是一个由that引导的宾语从句，主句使用一般将来时，从句可以使用各种时态；由从句中next week可以看出主句要使用一般将来时，故答案选C。
4.The police wondered _____.
A.whose handbag it is
B.whose handbag it was
C.whose handbag is it
D.whose handbag was it
【答案】B
【解析】wonder想知道，实义动词，后面跟的是宾语从句。A.时态不对，根据wondered可知从句也要用过去时；CD.语序不对，宾语从句要用陈述句语序。故选：B。解析：警察想知道它是谁的手提包.
（三）宾语从句的连接词
连接代词：that，whether/if
疑问代词：who，whom, whose，what，which
疑问副词：when，where，how，why
（1）that引导宾语从句只起连接作用，其本身没有意义，在口语中常可省略：
主语+ 谓语+ 宾语从句( that + 陈述句 )
I think（that）you should be more careful．
我觉得你应多加小心。
I'm afraid（that）he won’t come on time．
我恐怕他不会准时到。
（2）whether/if引导宾语从句，意为“是否”：
主语+ 谓语+ 宾语从句( whether /if + 陈述句 )
I wonder whether (if) daughters are valued as much as sons in the countryside.
我不知道在农村女儿是否和儿子一样看待。
【易错点拨】
能用if不能用whether的情况：
if表示“是否”，引导宾语从句。
I wonder if she is a doctor.
if表示“如果”，引导条件状语从句，此时从句遵守“主将从现”原则。
If it rains tomorrow, I won't come.
能用whether不能用if的情况：
1.当句末为ornot时，引导词只能用whether而不能用if。
I want to know whether he is still living in Beijing or not．
2.在to do不定式前，引导词只能用whether而不能用if。
I don’t know whether to see my doctor today.
3.介词后只能用whether。
I worry aboutwhether I hurt her feelings.
4.含有宾语从句的复合句同时又包含if引导的条件句时，最好用whether。
I don’t know whether he will come if it doesn’t rain tomorrow.
（3）疑问代词和疑问副词引导宾语从句
疑问代词who，which，what，whose，whom以及疑问副词when，where，how，why均能引导宾语从句，但一定要注意用陈述句语序。
疑问代词：
* Do you know whose dictionary it is （谁的，作定语）
* He asked who could give him a hand.（谁，作主语）
疑问副词：
* Could you tell me why you are late （为什么，作状语）
* He didn’t say when he would return.（什么时候，作状语）
【注意】疑问代词在从句中做主语的情况：
如：I want to know who cleaned the classroom.
They want to find out what caused the accident.
【典型例题】
1.—Sam,can you tell me_______this math problem so fast
—Sure,let me show you.
A.how you will work out
B.how you worked out
C.how will you work out
D.how did you work out
【答案】B
【解析】考查宾语从句。宾语从句应用陈述语序；由句意“Sam,你能告诉我你是怎样快速算出这道数学题的吗？”可知，Sam解数学题发生在说话之前，应用一般过去时。
2.—What a nice shirt! Can you tell me ______
—Sure,at the shopping center near our school.I went there last Sunday
A.where you bought it
B.where did you buy it
C.where you will buy it
D.where will you buy it
【答案】A
【解析】句意：一多漂亮的衬衫！你能告诉我你在哪里买的吗？一当然，在我们学校附近的购物中心。我上星期天去了那里。根据选项的提示可知此句询问的是在哪里买的，因为此句是宾语从句，语序要用陈述句语序，时态要用一般过去时，故选A。
3.—Grandma,do you remember ____ Beijing
—About 20 years ago.
A.when you first visit
B.when you first visited
C.when do you first visit
D.when did you first visit
【答案】B
【解析】句意：——奶奶，你还记得你何时第一次来北京的吗？——大约20年前。考查宾语从句。宾语从句需用陈述句语序，可排除CD两项。根据答语About 20 years ago.，结合句意语境，可知需用一般过去时，故选B。
4.It's an important event in history.Who knows ______
A.when does it happen
B.when it happens
C.when did it happen
D.when it happened
【答案】D
【解析】句意：这是历史上一个重要的事件。谁知道是什么时候发生的？本题考查宾语从句。宾语从句需遵循“陈述语序”原则，因此排除选项A和选项C。根据题干中“in history”确定是一般过去时。选项B为一般现在时；选项D为一般过去时。故正确答案为选项D。
5.—Can you tell me_______
—I usually exercise three times a week.
A.how often do you exercise
B.how often you exercise
C.how often did you exercise
D.how often you exercised
【答案】B
【解析】句意：——你能告诉我多 长时间锻炼-次吗？——我通常一周锻炼三次。考查宾语从句语序和时态。宾语从句的语序是陈述语序，A和C是疑问句语序，可排除;根据回答I usually exerise three times a week可知询问通常情况，可知从句时态使用一般现在时 ，B是一般现在时，D是一般过去时，故选B。
课后检测
1.—Could you please tell me _______
—It's at the east gate of the park.
A.where was the parking lot
B.where is the parking lot
C.where the parking lot was
D.Where the parking lot is
【答案】D
【解析】句意：——你能告诉我停车场在哪吗？——在公园东门。考查宾语从句语序和时态。宾语从句的语序是陈述语序，A和B是疑问句语序，可排除；根据回答，可知从句时态使用一般现在时，C是一般过去时，B是一般现在时，故选D。
2.—Jane,could you tell me _______ the beautiful kite
—Oh,I bought it in a shop in Chaoyang Park.
A.where did you buy
B.where you bought
C.where will you buy
D.where you will buy
【答案】B
【解析】句意：简，你能告诉我你在哪买的漂亮的风筝吗？—哦，我在公园附近的一个商店买的它。
本题考查的是宾语从句，根据宾语从句的语序是陈述语序，可排除A和C，答句中的I bought可知，应该用的是一般过去时，故答案选B。
3.—Mr.Smith,could you please tell us ______ the science show
—Sure.Next Friday.
A.when we attended
B.when we will attend
C.when did we attend
D.when will we attend
【答案】B
【解析】句意：--Mr.Smith,你能告诉我们什么时候参加科学展吗？一一当然，下周五。宾语从句需遵循“陈述语序“原则，因此排除选项C和选项D。根据题干中“Next Friday确定是一般将来时。选项A为一般过去时；选项B为一般将来时。这里是一般现在时态，排除A,根据题意，故选B。
4.—Do you know _______ the meeting room early
—Because she had a headache.
A.why Ann left
B.why Ann will leave
C.why did Ann leave
D.why will Ann leave
【答案】A
【解析】句意：一你知道Ann为什么离开会议室很早吗？一因为她头痛。问句是含有宾语从句的复合句，主句是一般现在时态，根据语境，从句是表达过去的事实，用一般过去时态的陈述语序，谓语动词用leave的过去式left，B是一般将来时态。CD是疑问语序。故选：A。
5.—Mrs.Green, could you please tell us ______ the film together
—Sure.Next Wednesday.
A.when we watched
B.when we will watch
C.when did we watch
D.when will we watch
【答案】B
【解析】句意：——格林太太，你能告诉我们什么时候一起看电影吗？——当然。下周三。
考查宾语从句。根据宾语从句要用陈述语序，故排除C和D；根据答语“Sure.Next Wednesday.”可知，从句要用一般将来时态形式，应填when we will watch故排除A，故选B。
6.Mr.King didn't know _______ yesterday evening.
A.when does his son come home
B.when his son comes home
C.when did his son come home
D.when his son came home
【答案】D
【解析】试题解析：句意：King先生不知道他儿子昨天晚上什么时候回到的家。根据题干解析此题考查的是宾语从句，宾语从句的语序应是陈述语序，所以排除A、C；根据时间状语yesterday evening可知，宾语从句的时态应用一般过去时态，故选D。
考点：考查宾语从句的用法
7.I can’t remember _____ my schoolbag yesterday.
A.where did I put
B.where I put
C.where will I put
D.where I will put
【答案】B
【解析】句意：我不记得我昨天把书包放哪了。
考查宾语从句辨析。where did I put 一般过去时，疑问语序；where I put 一般过去时/一般现在时，陈述语序；where will I put 一般将来时，疑问语序；where I will put 一般将来时，陈述语序。根据句子结构，原句是一个宾语从句，从句要用陈述语序，排除A和C选项。当主句用一般现在时，从句用任何时态。根据时间状语yesterday，从句用一般过去时，所以空格处填where I put。故选B。
8.—Lily, can you tell me______
—I always exercise twice a week.
A.how often do you exercise
B.how often you exercise
C.how often did you exercise
D.how often you exercised
【答案】B
【解析】句意：——莉莉，你能告诉我你多久锻炼一次吗？——我总是一周锻炼两次。
考查宾语从句语序和时态。how often do you exercise疑问语序+一般现在时；how often you exercise陈述语序+一般现在时；how often did you exercise疑问语序+一般过去时；how often you exercised陈述语序+一般过去时。根据can you tell me…可知后面接宾语从句，宾语从句用陈述语序，排除A和C；根据I always exercise可知，时态是一般现在时，排除D。故选B。
9.—Did you notice _______ in her office
—Yes.She was going over our writing.
A.what was Miss Lin doing
B.what Miss Lin was doing
C.what does Miss Lin do
D.what Miss Lin does
【答案】B
【解析】句意：—你注意林小姐在干什么了吗？—是的，她正在检查我们的写作。
考查宾语从句。what was Miss Lin doing林小姐在干什么，疑问语序；what Miss Lin was doing陈述语序；what does Miss Lin do林小姐是干什么的；what Miss Lin does陈述语序。根据句子结构可知，这里考查的是宾语从句，从句中应用陈述语序，故先排除A和C。根据答语She was going over our writing可知，这里问的是过去正在做的事情，应用过去进行时，故选B。
10.—Could you please tell me _______ yesterday
—In the bookshop nearby.
A.Where you bought the book
B.Where you buy the book
C.Where did you buy the book
D.Where do you buy the book
【答案】A
【解析】句意：——你能告诉我你昨天在哪里买的书吗？——在附近的书店。考查宾语从句。根据Could you please tell me可知本题考查宾语从句，宾语从句的语序要用陈述语序，所以排除C、D选项；又因为提示词yesterday可知时态用一般过去时，而B选项用的是一般现在时，所以排除；故答案选A。
11.—Can you tell me ______ during this winter holiday
—Every day.
A.how long did you exercise
B.how long you exercised
C.how often did you exercise
D.how often you exercised
【答案】D
【解析】句意：——你能告诉我这个寒假你多久锻炼一次吗？——每天锻炼一次。
考查宾语从句，首先宾语从句的语序是陈述语序，那么排除AC。再注意提问词“how long时间多长”“how often多久一次”，再根据回答“every day每天”，可知应该是问频率，故选D。
12.—Do you know _______ yesterday
—Yes.He went for the boat race.
A.why didn’t Peter go to school
B.why doesn’t Peter go to school
C.why Peter didn’t go to school
D.why Peter doesn’t go to school
【答案】C
【解析】句意：——你知道为什么皮特昨天没去上学吗？——是的，他去参加划船比赛了。
考查一般过去时和宾语从句陈述语序。why didn’t Peter go to school为什么皮特没有去学校，句中时态为一般过去时，语序为疑问语序；why doesn’t Peter go to school为什么皮特没有去学校，句中时态为一般现在时，语序为疑问语序；why Peter didn’t go to school为什么皮特没有去学校，句中时态为一般过去时，语序为陈述语序；why Peter doesn’t go to school为什么皮特没有去学校，句中时态为一般现在时，语序为陈述语序。根据问句中yesterday可知，此处时态为一般过去时，所以排除B和D；根据句中you是主语，know是谓语，可知此处缺少宾语，可以使用宾语从句充当宾语，宾语从句要使用陈述语序，所以排除A项。故选C。
13.—Lily, could you tell me ______ last night
—Oh, I went to the library.
A.where you went
B.where did you go
C.where you will go
D.where will you go
【答案】A
【解析】句意：——Lily，你能告诉我昨晚去哪里了么？——嗯，我去了图书馆。
考查宾语从句时态和语序辨析。宾语从句用陈述语序：引导词+主语+谓语，排除BD；last night是过去时间，宾语从句中主句用一般过去式，从句如果不是客观事实或者真理，也要用一般过去式。故选A。
14.—Do you know _________ the meeting
—Tomorrow morning.
A.when they had
B.when they are going to have
C.when did they have
D.when are they going to have
【答案】B
【解析】句意：——你知道他们什么时候来开会吗？——明天早上。
此题考查宾语从句，宾语从句要用陈述句语序，C和D是疑问句语序，故排除；根据回答Tomorrow morning可知此句时态是一般将来时，A是一般过去时，B是一般将来时；故选B。
15.—Mike, do you know ______ Someone is looking for him.
—Maybe he is in the library.
A.where is Tony
B.where was Tony
C.where Tony is
D.where Tony was
【答案】C
【解析】句意：—麦克，你知道托尼在哪里吗？有人正在找他。—可能他在图书馆。A.where is Tony托尼现在在哪；B.where was Tony托尼过去在哪；C.where Tony is托尼现在在哪；D.where Tony was托尼过去在哪。本题考查宾语从句，宾语从句语序为疑问词加陈述句语序，故排除A和B；根据某人正在找他，可知，现在是找不到他的，问他现在在哪，故选C。
16.—Sam, can you tell me _______ this math problem so fast
—Sure,let me show you.
A.how you will work out
B.how you worked out
C.how will you work out
D.how did you work out
【答案】B
【解析】句意：——萨姆，你能告诉我你是怎么这么快解出这道数学题的吗？——当然，让我给你看看。
解析句子结构及选项，上句含有how引导的宾语从句，从句应用陈述语序，故排除C、D。根据下句Sure, let me show you.可知，萨姆算出了这道数学题。所以上句中从句应是一般过去时。故选B。
17.—Do you know ________
—In 2022.
A.when will the next World Cup begin
B.when did the next World Cup begin
C.when the next World Cup will begin
D.when the next World Cup began
【答案】C
【解析】句意：——你知道下一届世界杯将在什么时候开始吗？——2022年。考查宾语从句和一般将来时。宾语从句用陈述句语序，因此先排除A、B选项；根据In 2022的回答可知，宾语从句所提到的下一次世界杯将在未来发生，应用一般将来时，故答案选C。
18.—Can you tell me _____ now
—In Haidian, Beijing.
A.where Jim lives
B.where does Jim live
C.where Jim lived
D.where did Jim live
【答案】A
【解析】句意：——你能告诉我吉姆现在住在哪里吗？——在北京海淀区。
根据句子结构可知空缺处作宾语，结合选择可知该句是宾语从句。宾语从句用陈述句语序，B、D是疑问句语序，故排除。主句是一般现在时，所以从句根据需要选择时态，根据now可知提问现在吉姆住在哪里，所以用一般现在时，故选A。
19.I can’t remember ______ my schoolbag yesterday.
A.where did I put
B.where I put
C.where will I put
D.where I will put
【答案】B
【解析】句意：我不记得我昨天把书包放哪了。
考查宾语从句辨析。where did I put 一般过去时，疑问语序；where I put 一般过去时/一般现在时，陈述语序；where will I put 一般将来时，疑问语序；where I will put 一般将来时，陈述语序。根据句子结构，原
句是一个宾语从句，从句要用陈述语序，排除A和C选项。当主句用一般现在时，从句用任何时态。根据时间状语yesterday，从句用一般过去时，所以空格处填where I put。故选B。
20.—Do you know _______
—Next Wednesday.
A.when will the winter vacation start
B.when the winter vacation will start
C.when did the winter vacation start
D.when the winter vacation started
【答案】B
【解析】句意：——你知道寒假什么时候开始吗？——下周三。
考查宾语从句。根据句意理解可知，这里是宾语从句，首选宾语从句必须用“陈述句语序”，即引导词+主语+谓语+其他，所以排除A/ C，再由回答Next Wednesday可知，这里应该用将来时，故选B。
21.—Could you please tell me _____
—Last Tuesday.
A.when we visited the art show
B.when will we visit the art show
C.when we will visit the art show
D.when did we visit the art show
【答案】A
【解析】句意：——你能告诉我我们什么时候参观艺术展吗？——上星期二。
本题考查宾语从句。宾语从句的语序是陈述语序， B和D是疑问句语序，所以排除。本句主句Could you please tell me是一般现在时，could是委婉语气，可知从句时态由从句的语境和时间状语决定。根据回答“Last Tuesday”可知从句的时态是一般过去时，选项A 为一般过去时，选项 C为一般将来时。故选A。
22.—Do you know _______ next Friday
—Yes.They'll go to the Summer Palace.
A.where the students went
B.where the students will go
C.where did the students go
D.where will the students go
【答案】B
【解析】句意：——你知道下星期五学生们要去哪里吗？——知道。他们要去颐和园。
考查宾语从句。where the students went一般过去时，陈述句的语序；where the students will go一般将来时，陈述句的语序；where did the students go一般过去时，疑问句的语序；where will the students go一般将来时，疑问句的语序；根据时间状语“next Friday”判断句子是一般将来时，所以排除A、C；根据宾语从句要按照陈述句的语序，所以排除D，故选B。
23.—Alice, could you tell me ____ London
—Sure.Last Sunday
A.when Mr.Smith left
B.when Mr.Smith will leave
C.when did Mr.Smith leave
D.when will Mr.Smith leave
【答案】A
【解析】句意：——爱丽丝，你能告诉我史米斯先生什么时候离开伦敦的吗？——当然可以。上星期天。根据could you tell me _______ 可知，本题考查宾语从句，宾语从句中一般为陈述语序，选项C/D是疑问语序，所以排除掉；再根据Last Sunday，可知这里指的是过去的时间，时态用一般过去时。故选A。
24.—Can you tell me to ____ London
—Sure.Next month.
A.when you will travel
B.when will you travel
C.when you travelled
D.when did you travel
【答案】A
【解析】句意：——你能告诉我什么时候去伦敦旅行好吗？——当然可以，下个月。
考查宾语从句。由回答中的next month可知用一般将来时态，宾语从句用陈述句语序。故选A。
25.完成句子
(1) 我想知道他什么时候来接我。
I wondered __________ to pick me up.
(2) 我们都知道他昨天说了什么。
We all know ________________ yesterday.
(3) 她问我是否会骑自行车。
She asked me _________________ a bike.
(4) 他问我是否会去北京参观。
He asked me ________________ to Beijing for a visit or not.
(5) 你能告诉我昨天晚上为什么没有完成家庭作业吗？
Can you tell me __________________ your homework last night
(6) 我不记得我昨天早餐吃了什么。
I don't remember _________________ breakfast yesterday.