中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
Unit10 I’d like some noodles.精讲精练
1. —What kind of noodles would you like 你想要(吃)哪种面条?
—I’d like beef noodles. 我想要(吃)牛肉面。
“What kind of …?” 用来询问种类,后面的名词若是可数名词,常用复数形式,也可跟不可数名词。kind 在此句中作名词,意为“种类”。常见短语:a kind of 一种;all kinds of 各种各样的;different kinds of 不同种类的
如:There are all kinds of flowers in the garden. 花园里有各种各样的花。
What kind of movies do you like 你喜欢什么类型的电影?
What kind of music does he like 他喜欢哪种类型的音乐?
【经典习题】
There are different ______ of kites there.Some look like bats (蝙幅); others looklike birds.
A.kind
B.kinds
C.size
D.sizes
答案B
2. —Can we have two bowls of beef soup then 那么我们可以要两碗牛肉汤吗?
—Sure. What size would you like 当然可以。 你们要多大碗的?
—Medium, please. 中碗的,谢谢。
(1) a bowl of … 意为“一碗……”, 其后通常接不可数名词,接可数名词时强调容量而不是数量。要表示复数概念时,把bowl变为复数即可。例如:
There are two bowls of rice on the table. 桌子上有两碗米饭。
(2) “冠词/数词+容量名称+ of +名词”结构常用来表示不可数名词的量。例如:
a cup of tea 一杯茶
a piece of paper 一张纸
(3) “What size …?” 用来询问物体的大小、尺寸,意为“多大尺寸”,常用large、medium、small来回答。例如:
—What size shirt do you want?你要多大尺寸的衬衫?
—Size 36. 36号。
【拓展】 large、medium、small可分别缩写为L、M、S,分别意为“大号”“中号”“小号”。
【经典习题】
The twins would like two _________(glass) of milk for the breakfast.
答案glasses
3. I like dumplings, fish and orange juice. 我喜欢水饺、鱼和橙汁。
I don’t like onions, green tea or porridge. 我不喜欢洋葱、绿茶和粥。
or 和and 都可以在句中连接两个或两个以上的并列成分。一般在肯定结构中用and 连接,在否定结构中则用or连接。例如:
I like apples and pears. 我喜欢苹果和梨。
She can’t read or write. 她既不会读也不会写。
【拓展】
1.如果在否定句中,所连接的两部分之前都有否定词,则要用and,不用or。
I can’t play the piano and can’t play football. 我不会弹钢琴,也不会踢足球。
2.or还可用来表示选择,常用于疑问句,意为“或者;还是”。例如:Do you go to school by bus or by subway? 你是乘坐公共汽车上学还是乘坐地铁上学?
4. The number of candles is the person’s age. 蜡烛的数量就是这个人的年龄。
“the number of+名词复数”表示“……的数量”,谓语动词用第三人称单数。例如:
The number of students is 2,000. 学生的数量是2000。
a number of意为“许多”,相当于many,修饰可数名词复数。
“a number of+复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用复数。number前可用large, small等修饰,以表示程度。例如:
A number of students are playing on the playground. 许多学生正在操场上玩。
针对训练
1.There ______ lots of chairs in the hall and the number of them ______ 120.
A.are;are B.is;is
C.are;is D.is;are
2.There are ______ students in the playground,and______the boy students is 150.
A.a number of;the number of
B.the number of;a number of
C.a number of;a number of
D.the number of;the number of
答案CA
5. If he or she blows out all the candles in one go, the wish will come true. 如果他(她)一口气把蜡烛全部吹灭的话,许的愿望便会成真。
(1)true adj. 真正的; 真实的; 忠实的
词组:come true 实现; 成真 come out 开花,出版
come in 进来 come up with 提出
His dream will come true. 他的梦想会实现的。
(2) in one go意思是“一次;一次性地”。例如:
He drank the milk in one go. 他一次把牛奶喝掉了。
6. The birthday person must make a wish and blow out the candles. 这个过生日的人必须许愿,然后要吹灭蜡烛。
(1)make a wish意为“许愿”。例如:
It’s easy to make a wish, but it is not easy to make it come true. 许下愿望容易,但是要使愿望成真并不容易。
(2)blow out意为“吹灭”,是“动词+副词”构成的短语,当宾语为名词时,名词可以放在短语之间,也能放在短语的后面;如果宾语是代词,则代词一定要放在短语之间。例如:
Can you help me blow out the candles 你能帮我吹灭蜡烛吗?
Can you help me blow the candles out 你能帮我吹灭蜡烛吗?
There is a candle on the desk. Please blow it out when you go out. 桌子上有一根蜡烛,当你出去的时候,请吹灭它。
【应用】
You should make a wish before you _____ the candles on your birthday cake.
A.come out B.blow out
C.go out D.put out
答案B
7. If he or she blows out all the candles in one go, the wish will come true. 如果他或她一口气吹灭了所有的蜡烛,这个愿望将会实现。
(1)if是连词,意为“如果”。引导的是条件状语从句,如果主句是一般将来时,从句则用一般现在时代替。例如:
I will go shopping on Sunday if you do. 如果周日你去购物的话,我就去。
在含有if引导的条件状语从句中,if的位置比较灵活,可直接放在主句后面,也可放在句首;若if从句放在句首,从句后面通常要加逗号和主句隔开。例如:
If it rains tomorrow, we will not go to the zoo. 如果明天下雨,我们将不去动物园。
【应用】
The students won’t have a sports meeting this weekend if it ______(rain).
答案rains
8. In China, it is getting popular to have cake on your birthday. 在中国,生日时吃蛋糕日渐流行。
【用法详解】popular是形容词,既可作定语,又可作表语。常用短语:
get popular 受欢迎;流行
be popular with/ among 受……欢迎
例如:
The singer is popular in the world. 这名歌手在全世界很受欢迎。
Young people like popular songs. 年轻人喜欢流行歌曲。
Pop music is popular with young people. 流行音乐受到年轻人的欢迎。
【应用】根据汉语意思完成句子
汉语在世界各地正逐渐变得流行。
Chinese is ___________________around the world.
答案getting popular
9. I’m not sure yet. 我还没确定。
(1)be not sure意为“不确定”,常用于口语中,表示对某事没有把握,既可单独使用,也可与of/about搭配使用。例如:
—I’m not sure. 我不确定。
—I’m not sure about it. 我对此没有把握。
(2)yet用作副词,意为“还;仍然”,通常用于否定句或疑问句,谈论尚未发生但可能发生的事。例如:
Many middle school students don’t yet know what they want to do. 许多中学生还不知道他们想干什么。
10. May I take your order 可以点菜了吗?
(1)该句也可以说成“May I have your order ”,是服务员询问顾客点餐的常用交际语。回答时一般先说“Yes, please. ”,然后说“I’d/We’d like...”表明想点什么菜。
【拓展延伸】
点餐时服务员的常用表达还有:
Are you ready to order 你可以点餐了吗?
What would you like 你想吃(喝)些什么?
Here’s the menu. 给您菜单。
点餐时顾客的常用表达有:
May I/we have the menu, please 我(们)可以看一下菜单吗?
I’d like to order... 我想点……
We’d like… 我们想要……
(2)
(1) order 在句中作名词,意为“点菜”。
We can take our orders on the phone. 我们可以通过电话订餐。
(2) order 作名词,还可意为“命令;指示”。give orders 意为
“下命令”;take orders 意为“听从命令”。
She takes orders only from her father. 她只听从她父亲的吩咐。
【拓展延伸】order的其他用法:
(1) 作动词,意为“点菜;订购”。
He sat down and ordered a meal. 他坐下来点了餐。
Nowadays, many people like to order things on line. 现在,许多人喜欢在网上订购物品。
(2) 作动词,意为“命令”。 order sb. to do sth. 表示“命令某人做某事”。
The policeman ordered him to stay here. 警察命令他待在这儿。
(3) 作名词,意为“条理;顺序”。
Please put all the books back in the right order before you leave. 在你离开之前,请把所有的书按照正确的顺序放回。
【对点训练】
( ) ——_____________________
——Yes, I'd like some beef noodles.
A.May I take your order
B.Are there any meat in the noodles
C.What kind of noodles do you have
D.What size would you like
答案A
11. What size would you like 你想要多大碗的?
size用作名词,用法如下。
(1)意为“(……的)大小”。例如:
I don’t know the size of his room. 我不知道他房间的大小。
(2)意为“(鞋子、衣服等的)尺寸;号码”。例如:
What size shoes do you want to buy 你想买多大号的鞋?
【应用】
— What ________ do you have?
— We have large,medium and small bowls.
A.size
B.color
C.bowl
D.large
答案A
12.I’d like beef noodles,please.我想要牛肉面。
句中名词beef作noodles的定语。英语中名词作定语一般用单数形式,但man/woman除外,man/woman要与后面的名词在数上保持一致。如:
a man teacher 一名男教师
two women teachers两名女教师
【拓展】
名词作定语时的特殊情况:
① 当man, woman 作定语修饰复数名词时,它们本身也要用复数形式。
e.g. a man teacher 一名男老师 two men teachers 两名男老师
②一些名词用其复数形式作定语。
e.g. a clothes shop 一家服装店
a sports meeting 一场运动会
对点训练
— What would you like for breakfast?
— I'd like ________.
A.tomato noodle B.tomato noodles
C.tomatoes noodle D.tomatoes noodles
答案B
13.They never cut up the noodles because the long noodles are a symbol of long life.他们从不把面条切碎,因为长寿面是长寿的象征。
cut up意为“切碎”,是由“动词+副词”构成的短语,后跟名词作宾语时,宾语既可以放在短语中间,也可以放在短语之后;代词作宾语时,代词只能放在短语中间。
cut up the bananas/cut the bananas up把香蕉切碎
cut it/them up把它/它们切碎
【对点训练】
( )Please wash the apples and ______.
A.cut it up B.cut up it
C.cut them up D.cut up them
答案C
14.Special 1 1号特色面
special n.特色菜;特价品 adj. 特别的;特殊的
【用法详解】
(1) special 在此处作名词,意为“特色菜;特价品”。
Special 2 is my favorite. 2号特色菜是我最喜欢的。
What is your special today 今天你们的特价品是什么
(2) special 还可作形容词,意为“特别的;特殊的”。其副词形式为 specially,意为“专门地;特意;特别”。
It’s a special day for me. 今天对我来说是个特殊的日子。
We come specially to see you. 我们特意来看你。
15.some和any的用法
some和any 既可以修饰可数名词又可以修饰不可数名词, some常用在肯定句中,而any则常用在否定和疑问句中。所以, some 和 any 的区别: some和any 的用法主要
是考虑用在肯定句、疑问句还是否定句中,与名词的可数与否无关。
※辨析※ some与any
词汇 用法 例句
some 意为“一些”,既可以修饰可数名词复数又可以修饰不可数名词。常用在肯定句中。【注意】在表示建议或请求的疑问句中,期望得到肯定回答时,多用some而不用any I have some books.我有一些书。There is some water in the bottle.瓶子里有一些水。Would you like some coffee 你要不要来点咖啡?
any 意为“一些”,既可修饰可数名词复数又可修饰不可数名词。常用在否定句和疑问句中。【注意】当any表示“任何”时,起强调作用时,常用肯定句中 There isn't any meat in the fridge.冰箱里没有肉了。Do you have any friends at school 你在学校里有一些朋友吗?Any student can answer this question.任何学生都可以回答这个问题。
【应用】
There aren’t ______(some) cabbages in this kind of dumplings.
答案any
16. fish n. 鱼;鱼肉
【用法详解】(1) fish作“鱼”讲时是可数名词,指鱼的条数时单复数同形;指鱼的种类时,复数形式为fishes。
They caught three fish. 他们捉到了三条鱼。
There are many kinds of fishes in the river. 这条河里有许多种鱼。
(2) fish作不可数名词时,意为“鱼肉”。
The boy likes eating fish. 这个男孩爱吃鱼肉。
【拓展延伸】
fish还可作动词,意为“钓鱼;捕鱼”。go fishing意为“去钓鱼”。
Let’s go fishing this weekend. 咱们这个周末去钓鱼吧。
17.The answer would be different in different countries. 在不同的国家将会有不同的答案。
1)answer n. 答案 v. 回答
【用法详解】
(1)answer在此处作名词,意为“答案;回答”。the answer to…表示“……的答案”。
Your answer to the question is right. 你对这个问题的回答是正确的。
(2)answer还可作动词,意为“回答”。answer the telephone 接电话
Jim is answering the question. 吉姆正在回答这个问题。
【应用】
Only one of the two ______(answer) is right.
答案:answers
2)different adj. 不同的
【用法详解】本句中第一个different作表语,第二个different作定语。be different from意为“与……不同”。
We can learn a lot about pandas from different TV programs. 从不同的电视节目上我们能够学到许多关于熊猫的知识。
Writing by hand is different from typing. 手写与打字不同。
【拓展延伸】different的相关词:
difference n. 不同(之处);差别 differently adv. 不同地 same adj. 相同的
【应用】They are different _________ each other.
A.at B.to C.for D.from
答案D
18. The number of candles is the person’s age. 蜡烛的数量是过生日的人的年龄。
age n. 年龄
【用法详解】与age相关的短语有:
at the age of 在……岁时
at one’s age 在某人这个年纪
for one’s age 以某人这个年纪来说
over/under the age of 在……岁以上/以下
What's sb's age = How old be + sb. 某人多大年纪?
She came to China at the age of 18.
她18岁的时候来到了中国。
At my grandparents’ age, it’s quite difficult to climb the stairs.
在我祖父母这个年纪,爬楼梯相当费劲。
She’s tall for her age, isn’t she
以她的年龄来说,她算高的,不是吗?
People over the age of 65 should be especially respected.
65岁以上的人应当尤其受到尊敬。
【应用】
—Do you know how old Mary is
—We’re of the same _____.She’s twelve,too.
A.age B.idea
C.kind D.size
答案A
19.In China, it is getting popular to have cake on your birthday.
在中国,过生日时吃蛋糕日渐流行。
【用法详解】
动词不定式短语作主语时,为了避免头重脚轻,常用it作形式主语,而将真正的主语(动词不定式短语)后置,以保持句子的平衡。
It is impossible to make everyone happy. 让每个人高兴是不可能的。
20.All of these birthday foods may be different, but the ideas are the same. (虽然)所有这些生日食品可能会有所不同,但是想法是相同的。
1)food n. 食物
【用法详解】food在句中作可数名词,表示“(某种)食物“。food 泛指“食物;食品”时,为不可数名词,作主语时谓语动词用单数形式。
Rice and chicken are good foods. 米饭和鸡肉是很好的食物。
Some food has gone bad. 一些食物已经变质了。
2)idea n. 想法;主意
【用法详解】idea在此处作可数名词,意为“想法;主意”。
Your idea is really great. 你的想法很棒。
【拓展延伸】(1)当别人提出一个好的建议或想法时,我们通常
用“Good idea!”或“That’s a good idea!”来表示赞同。
—Let’s eat out tonight. 咱们今晚出去吃吧。 —Good idea! 好主意!
(2)“I have no idea”意为“我不知道”,相当于“I don’t know”。
21.there be句型表示某地存在某物。
there is/was +单数名词或不可数名词;
there are/were+复数名词;
当there be后面的人或物有两种或两种以上时,be的形式按“就近原则”。回答用:Yes, there is/are/was/were.
【应用】
There ______ (be)some bread and eggs on the table.
答案is
1. would like的用法
(1)would like意为“想;想要”,表示意愿,would like和want表示“要;想要”,但两者语气上差别较大。前者礼貌委婉、正式规范,后者直接、非正式且随意。would like中的would是情态动词,没有人称和数的变化,常以“’d”形式与主语缩写。
I’d like a cup of black tea with milk, please. 请给我来杯加奶的红茶。
I want some hot tea, Mom. 妈妈,我想喝些热茶。
What do you want to eat today, children 孩子们,今天你们想吃些什么?
What would you like to order, sir 先生,您想点些什么?
① would like+名词 例如:
I would like Size “S”. 我想要“S”号的。
② would like+to do … 例如:
My parents would like to meet you. 我父母想见你。
③ would like+sb.+to do … 例如:
Jim would like his friend to help him with his Chinese. 吉姆想要他朋友帮他学汉语。
(2) would like 的常用句型
—Would you like sth. —Yes, please. (肯定回答)—No, thanks. (否定回答) —Would you like to do sth. —Sure, I’d love/like to. (肯定回答)—Sorry, I’m afraid I can’t./I’d love/like to, but... (否定回答)
特殊疑问词(组) + would you like 特殊疑问词(组) + would you like to...
【语法专练】
1.I'd like ________ some rice and fish for supper.
A.eat
B.eats
C.eating
D.to eat
答案D
2.— Tim and I will eat out this weekend. Would you like to
join us
— ________.
A.Well done B.That's right C.I'd love to D.You are welcome
答案C
2. 可数名词与不可数名词的用法
(1) 名词的数
名词按照可数性可分为可数名词和不可数名词。
可数名词是指名词本身所表示的人或事物是可以直接用数目来计算的,有复数变化形式。不可数名词是指名词
本身所表示的事物一般不能直接用数目来计算。它们分别包括以下几种名词:
可数名词 个体名词 指单个人或单个事物的名词 car 汽车computer 电脑
集体名词 指一群人或一些事物总称的名词 army 军队police 警察
不可数名词 物质名词 指无法分为个体的物质、材料的名词 water 水bread 面包
抽象名词 指人或事物的品质、情感、状态、动作等抽象概念的名词 love 爱time 时间
(2)可数名词与不可数名词用法对比
可数名词 不可数名词
有单数和复数之分。如:a box, two boxes。 没有复数形式。如:beef, mutton, meat, milk。
(1) 其前可直接用不定冠词a/an或具体的数词修饰,表示数量。如:a bowl ,an orange, two potatoes。(2) 可用定冠词the修饰,表示特指,如:the girl(这个女孩)。 (1) 其前不能用不定冠词a/an或数词修饰。(2) 可用定冠词the修饰,表示特指,如:the bread(这块面包)。
可用some, any, few, a few, many, lots of, a lot of等修饰。 可用some, any, little, a little, much, a lot of, lots of等修饰。
询问数量多少用how many。 询问量的多少用how much。
【拓展】不可数名词量的表达
不可数名词的量可以用 “a/an/基数词+表示量的名词 + of + 不可数名词” 表示,这些表示量的名词有单复数形式的变化。这一结构作主语时,谓语动词的单复数形式要与表示量的名词保持一致。
There is a bottle of juice on the table. 桌子上有一瓶果汁。(谓语动词is与a bottle保持一致)
There are three bowls of mutton soup on the table. 桌子上有三碗羊肉汤。(谓语动词are与three bowls保持一致)
(3) 既可作可数名词也可作不可数名词的词
有些名词既可作可数名词,也可作不可数名词,但意义上有很大区别。常见的这类名词如下表:
可数名词 不可数名词
a glass 一个玻璃杯 glass 玻璃
a paper 一份报纸 paper 纸
a chicken 一只鸡 chicken 鸡肉
a fish 一条鱼 fish 鱼肉
a room 一个房间 room 空间
a light 一盏灯 light 光线
an orange 一个橙子/橘子 orange 橙汁/橘汁
【语法专练】单选选择
( )1. Hurry up! Some _____ and ____ are on sale in the supermarket.
A.tomato;egg B.tomatoes;egg
C.tomatoes;eggs D.tomato;eggs
( )2.Some oranges _____ on the table.Some orange ____ in the cup.
A.is;is B.are;are
C.are;is D.is;are
( )3.—Would you like something to drink
—Yes,_____,please.
A.some meat B.some cakes
C.some dumplings D.some coffee
( )4.—I see _____ on the table.Are they for us,Mom
—Yes.One is for you and the other is for your
brother.
A.two bowl of dumpling
B.two bowls of dumpling
C.two bowl of dumplings
D.two bowls of dumplings
答案CCDD
【课堂训练】
一、 完形填空。
When I was about 14, I had a friend who liked to tell me my shortcomings (缺点).For example, I was very short, I wasn't a top student, I talked too much, I was too proud and so on.I became so angry that I couldn't 1 her at last.I ran to my 2 with tears in my eyes.
He listened to me 3 and asked, “Are the things she said true or not?Jane, didn't you want to 4 what you're really like?Go and make a list of everything she said and mark the 5 points.Pay no attention to the other things she said.” I did as he told me.To my great surprise, I discovered that about half the things were true.Some I couldn't change, like being very 6 .But many I could and I wanted to change.For the first time, I had a better understanding of myself.
I 7 the list back to Daddy.He refused (拒绝) to read it.“That's just for you, ” he said, “You know 8 than any other person the truth about yourself.When 9 said about you is true, you'll find it will be of help to you.Don't shut your ears.Listen to them all, but only hear the truth and do what you know.It is the right thing to do.”
Daddy's 10 has returned to me at many important moments.In my life, I've never had a better piece of advice.
( )1.A.hear B.stand C.describe D.forget
( )2.A.father B.teacher C.friend D.mother
( )3.A.excitedly B.directly C.quickly D.quietly
( )4.A.decide B.enjoy C.know D.remember
( )5.A.similar B.true C.wrong D.necessary
( )6.A.active B.proud C.top D.short
( )7.A.brought B.agreed C.hated D.hurried
( )8.A.worse B.closer C.better D.earlier
( )9.A.something B.anything C.nothing D.everything
( )10.A.word B.list C.love D.advice
答案 BADCB DACAD
二,完成下面的语法填空。
A group of British students are visiting Beijing as exchange students.Sarah is one of the 1._________ (student).She said her host family were very 2.__________ (friend).They taught her 3.________ (use) chopsticks and also taught her a little Chinese.
Eric thought the experience in Beijing was fantastic.He learnt a bit of t'ai chi.And he learnt a lot about 4.__________ (China) culture and history.The teachers introduced them 5.____ Chinese painting.He thought Chinese painting was hard 6._____ interesting.He kept trying.7.________ (final), he tried to paint some pictures by himself.
At the weekend, the students 8.________ (tour) around Beijing and visited places of interest with 9._______ (they) host families.They also made many new friends.They are looking forward to 10.________ (see) their friends in the UK for the second part of the exchange.
答案students;friendly;to use;Chinese;to;but;Finally;toured;their;seeing
知识归纳
语法梳理
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Unit10 I’d like some noodles.精讲精练
1. —What kind of noodles would you like 你想要(吃)哪种面条?
—I’d like beef noodles. 我想要(吃)牛肉面。
“What kind of …?” 用来询问种类,后面的名词若是可数名词,常用复数形式,也可跟不可数名词。kind 在此句中作名词,意为“种类”。常见短语:a kind of 一种;all kinds of 各种各样的;different kinds of 不同种类的
如:There are all kinds of flowers in the garden. 花园里有各种各样的花。
What kind of movies do you like 你喜欢什么类型的电影?
What kind of music does he like 他喜欢哪种类型的音乐?
【经典习题】
There are different ______ of kites there.Some look like bats (蝙幅); others looklike birds.
A.kind
B.kinds
C.size
D.sizes
2. —Can we have two bowls of beef soup then 那么我们可以要两碗牛肉汤吗?
—Sure. What size would you like 当然可以。 你们要多大碗的?
—Medium, please. 中碗的,谢谢。
(1) a bowl of … 意为“一碗……”, 其后通常接不可数名词,接可数名词时强调容量而不是数量。要表示复数概念时,把bowl变为复数即可。例如:
There are two bowls of rice on the table. 桌子上有两碗米饭。
(2) “冠词/数词+容量名称+ of +名词”结构常用来表示不可数名词的量。例如:
a cup of tea 一杯茶
a piece of paper 一张纸
(3) “What size …?” 用来询问物体的大小、尺寸,意为“多大尺寸”,常用large、medium、small来回答。例如:
—What size shirt do you want?你要多大尺寸的衬衫?
—Size 36. 36号。
【拓展】 large、medium、small可分别缩写为L、M、S,分别意为“大号”“中号”“小号”。
【经典习题】
The twins would like two _________(glass) of milk for the breakfast.
3. I like dumplings, fish and orange juice. 我喜欢水饺、鱼和橙汁。
I don’t like onions, green tea or porridge. 我不喜欢洋葱、绿茶和粥。
or 和and 都可以在句中连接两个或两个以上的并列成分。一般在肯定结构中用and 连接,在否定结构中则用or连接。例如:
I like apples and pears. 我喜欢苹果和梨。
She can’t read or write. 她既不会读也不会写。
【拓展】
1.如果在否定句中,所连接的两部分之前都有否定词,则要用and,不用or。
I can’t play the piano and can’t play football. 我不会弹钢琴,也不会踢足球。
2.or还可用来表示选择,常用于疑问句,意为“或者;还是”。例如:Do you go to school by bus or by subway? 你是乘坐公共汽车上学还是乘坐地铁上学?
4. The number of candles is the person’s age. 蜡烛的数量就是这个人的年龄。
“the number of+名词复数”表示“……的数量”,谓语动词用第三人称单数。例如:
The number of students is 2,000. 学生的数量是2000。
a number of意为“许多”,相当于many,修饰可数名词复数。
“a number of+复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用复数。number前可用large, small等修饰,以表示程度。例如:
A number of students are playing on the playground. 许多学生正在操场上玩。
针对训练
1.There ______ lots of chairs in the hall and the number of them ______ 120.
A.are;are B.is;is
C.are;is D.is;are
2.There are ______ students in the playground,and______the boy students is 150.
A.a number of;the number of
B.the number of;a number of
C.a number of;a number of
D.the number of;the number of
5. If he or she blows out all the candles in one go, the wish will come true. 如果他(她)一口气把蜡烛全部吹灭的话,许的愿望便会成真。
(1)true adj. 真正的; 真实的; 忠实的
词组:come true 实现; 成真 come out 开花,出版
come in 进来 come up with 提出
His dream will come true. 他的梦想会实现的。
(2) in one go意思是“一次;一次性地”。例如:
He drank the milk in one go. 他一次把牛奶喝掉了。
6. The birthday person must make a wish and blow out the candles. 这个过生日的人必须许愿,然后要吹灭蜡烛。
(1)make a wish意为“许愿”。例如:
It’s easy to make a wish, but it is not easy to make it come true. 许下愿望容易,但是要使愿望成真并不容易。
(2)blow out意为“吹灭”,是“动词+副词”构成的短语,当宾语为名词时,名词可以放在短语之间,也能放在短语的后面;如果宾语是代词,则代词一定要放在短语之间。例如:
Can you help me blow out the candles 你能帮我吹灭蜡烛吗?
Can you help me blow the candles out 你能帮我吹灭蜡烛吗?
There is a candle on the desk. Please blow it out when you go out. 桌子上有一根蜡烛,当你出去的时候,请吹灭它。
【应用】
You should make a wish before you _____ the candles on your birthday cake.
A.come out B.blow out
C.go out D.put out
7. If he or she blows out all the candles in one go, the wish will come true. 如果他或她一口气吹灭了所有的蜡烛,这个愿望将会实现。
(1)if是连词,意为“如果”。引导的是条件状语从句,如果主句是一般将来时,从句则用一般现在时代替。例如:
I will go shopping on Sunday if you do. 如果周日你去购物的话,我就去。
在含有if引导的条件状语从句中,if的位置比较灵活,可直接放在主句后面,也可放在句首;若if从句放在句首,从句后面通常要加逗号和主句隔开。例如:
If it rains tomorrow, we will not go to the zoo. 如果明天下雨,我们将不去动物园。
【应用】
The students won’t have a sports meeting this weekend if it ______(rain).
8. In China, it is getting popular to have cake on your birthday. 在中国,生日时吃蛋糕日渐流行。
【用法详解】popular是形容词,既可作定语,又可作表语。常用短语:
get popular 受欢迎;流行
be popular with/ among 受……欢迎
例如:
The singer is popular in the world. 这名歌手在全世界很受欢迎。
Young people like popular songs. 年轻人喜欢流行歌曲。
Pop music is popular with young people. 流行音乐受到年轻人的欢迎。
【应用】根据汉语意思完成句子
汉语在世界各地正逐渐变得流行。
Chinese is ___________________around the world.
9. I’m not sure yet. 我还没确定。
(1)be not sure意为“不确定”,常用于口语中,表示对某事没有把握,既可单独使用,也可与of/about搭配使用。例如:
—I’m not sure. 我不确定。
—I’m not sure about it. 我对此没有把握。
(2)yet用作副词,意为“还;仍然”,通常用于否定句或疑问句,谈论尚未发生但可能发生的事。例如:
Many middle school students don’t yet know what they want to do. 许多中学生还不知道他们想干什么。
10. May I take your order 可以点菜了吗?
(1)该句也可以说成“May I have your order ”,是服务员询问顾客点餐的常用交际语。回答时一般先说“Yes, please. ”,然后说“I’d/We’d like...”表明想点什么菜。
【拓展延伸】
点餐时服务员的常用表达还有:
Are you ready to order 你可以点餐了吗?
What would you like 你想吃(喝)些什么?
Here’s the menu. 给您菜单。
点餐时顾客的常用表达有:
May I/we have the menu, please 我(们)可以看一下菜单吗?
I’d like to order... 我想点……
We’d like… 我们想要……
(2)
(1) order 在句中作名词,意为“点菜”。
We can take our orders on the phone. 我们可以通过电话订餐。
(2) order 作名词,还可意为“命令;指示”。give orders 意为
“下命令”;take orders 意为“听从命令”。
She takes orders only from her father. 她只听从她父亲的吩咐。
【拓展延伸】order的其他用法:
(1) 作动词,意为“点菜;订购”。
He sat down and ordered a meal. 他坐下来点了餐。
Nowadays, many people like to order things on line. 现在,许多人喜欢在网上订购物品。
(2) 作动词,意为“命令”。 order sb. to do sth. 表示“命令某人做某事”。
The policeman ordered him to stay here. 警察命令他待在这儿。
(3) 作名词,意为“条理;顺序”。
Please put all the books back in the right order before you leave. 在你离开之前,请把所有的书按照正确的顺序放回。
【对点训练】
( ) ——_____________________
——Yes, I'd like some beef noodles.
A.May I take your order
B.Are there any meat in the noodles
C.What kind of noodles do you have
D.What size would you like
11. What size would you like 你想要多大碗的?
size用作名词,用法如下。
(1)意为“(……的)大小”。例如:
I don’t know the size of his room. 我不知道他房间的大小。
(2)意为“(鞋子、衣服等的)尺寸;号码”。例如:
What size shoes do you want to buy 你想买多大号的鞋?
【应用】
— What ________ do you have?
— We have large,medium and small bowls.
A.size
B.color
C.bowl
D.large
12.I’d like beef noodles,please.我想要牛肉面。
句中名词beef作noodles的定语。英语中名词作定语一般用单数形式,但man/woman除外,man/woman要与后面的名词在数上保持一致。如:
a man teacher 一名男教师
two women teachers两名女教师
【拓展】
名词作定语时的特殊情况:
① 当man, woman 作定语修饰复数名词时,它们本身也要用复数形式。
e.g. a man teacher 一名男老师 two men teachers 两名男老师
②一些名词用其复数形式作定语。
e.g. a clothes shop 一家服装店
a sports meeting 一场运动会
对点训练
— What would you like for breakfast?
— I'd like ________.
A.tomato noodle B.tomato noodles
C.tomatoes noodle D.tomatoes noodles
13.They never cut up the noodles because the long noodles are a symbol of long life.他们从不把面条切碎,因为长寿面是长寿的象征。
cut up意为“切碎”,是由“动词+副词”构成的短语,后跟名词作宾语时,宾语既可以放在短语中间,也可以放在短语之后;代词作宾语时,代词只能放在短语中间。
cut up the bananas/cut the bananas up把香蕉切碎
cut it/them up把它/它们切碎
【对点训练】
( )Please wash the apples and ______.
A.cut it up B.cut up it
C.cut them up D.cut up them
14.Special 1 1号特色面
special n.特色菜;特价品 adj. 特别的;特殊的
【用法详解】
(1) special 在此处作名词,意为“特色菜;特价品”。
Special 2 is my favorite. 2号特色菜是我最喜欢的。
What is your special today 今天你们的特价品是什么
(2) special 还可作形容词,意为“特别的;特殊的”。其副词形式为 specially,意为“专门地;特意;特别”。
It’s a special day for me. 今天对我来说是个特殊的日子。
We come specially to see you. 我们特意来看你。
15.some和any的用法
some和any 既可以修饰可数名词又可以修饰不可数名词, some常用在肯定句中,而any则常用在否定和疑问句中。所以, some 和 any 的区别: some和any 的用法主要
是考虑用在肯定句、疑问句还是否定句中,与名词的可数与否无关。
※辨析※ some与any
词汇 用法 例句
some 意为“一些”,既可以修饰可数名词复数又可以修饰不可数名词。常用在肯定句中。【注意】在表示建议或请求的疑问句中,期望得到肯定回答时,多用some而不用any I have some books.我有一些书。There is some water in the bottle.瓶子里有一些水。Would you like some coffee 你要不要来点咖啡?
any 意为“一些”,既可修饰可数名词复数又可修饰不可数名词。常用在否定句和疑问句中。【注意】当any表示“任何”时,起强调作用时,常用肯定句中 There isn't any meat in the fridge.冰箱里没有肉了。Do you have any friends at school 你在学校里有一些朋友吗?Any student can answer this question.任何学生都可以回答这个问题。
【应用】
There aren’t ______(some) cabbages in this kind of dumplings.
16. fish n. 鱼;鱼肉
【用法详解】(1) fish作“鱼”讲时是可数名词,指鱼的条数时单复数同形;指鱼的种类时,复数形式为fishes。
They caught three fish. 他们捉到了三条鱼。
There are many kinds of fishes in the river. 这条河里有许多种鱼。
(2) fish作不可数名词时,意为“鱼肉”。
The boy likes eating fish. 这个男孩爱吃鱼肉。
【拓展延伸】
fish还可作动词,意为“钓鱼;捕鱼”。go fishing意为“去钓鱼”。
Let’s go fishing this weekend. 咱们这个周末去钓鱼吧。
17.The answer would be different in different countries. 在不同的国家将会有不同的答案。
1)answer n. 答案 v. 回答
【用法详解】
(1)answer在此处作名词,意为“答案;回答”。the answer to…表示“……的答案”。
Your answer to the question is right. 你对这个问题的回答是正确的。
(2)answer还可作动词,意为“回答”。answer the telephone 接电话
Jim is answering the question. 吉姆正在回答这个问题。
【应用】
Only one of the two ______(answer) is right.
2)different adj. 不同的
【用法详解】本句中第一个different作表语,第二个different作定语。be different from意为“与……不同”。
We can learn a lot about pandas from different TV programs. 从不同的电视节目上我们能够学到许多关于熊猫的知识。
Writing by hand is different from typing. 手写与打字不同。
【拓展延伸】different的相关词:
difference n. 不同(之处);差别 differently adv. 不同地 same adj. 相同的
【应用】They are different _________ each other.
A.at B.to C.for D.from
18. The number of candles is the person’s age. 蜡烛的数量是过生日的人的年龄。
age n. 年龄
【用法详解】与age相关的短语有:
at the age of 在……岁时
at one’s age 在某人这个年纪
for one’s age 以某人这个年纪来说
over/under the age of 在……岁以上/以下
What's sb's age = How old be + sb. 某人多大年纪?
She came to China at the age of 18.
她18岁的时候来到了中国。
At my grandparents’ age, it’s quite difficult to climb the stairs.
在我祖父母这个年纪,爬楼梯相当费劲。
She’s tall for her age, isn’t she
以她的年龄来说,她算高的,不是吗?
People over the age of 65 should be especially respected.
65岁以上的人应当尤其受到尊敬。
【应用】
—Do you know how old Mary is
—We’re of the same _____.She’s twelve,too.
A.age B.idea
C.kind D.size
19.In China, it is getting popular to have cake on your birthday.
在中国,过生日时吃蛋糕日渐流行。
【用法详解】
动词不定式短语作主语时,为了避免头重脚轻,常用it作形式主语,而将真正的主语(动词不定式短语)后置,以保持句子的平衡。
It is impossible to make everyone happy. 让每个人高兴是不可能的。
20.All of these birthday foods may be different, but the ideas are the same. (虽然)所有这些生日食品可能会有所不同,但是想法是相同的。
1)food n. 食物
【用法详解】food在句中作可数名词,表示“(某种)食物“。food 泛指“食物;食品”时,为不可数名词,作主语时谓语动词用单数形式。
Rice and chicken are good foods. 米饭和鸡肉是很好的食物。
Some food has gone bad. 一些食物已经变质了。
2)idea n. 想法;主意
【用法详解】idea在此处作可数名词,意为“想法;主意”。
Your idea is really great. 你的想法很棒。
【拓展延伸】(1)当别人提出一个好的建议或想法时,我们通常
用“Good idea!”或“That’s a good idea!”来表示赞同。
—Let’s eat out tonight. 咱们今晚出去吃吧。 —Good idea! 好主意!
(2)“I have no idea”意为“我不知道”,相当于“I don’t know”。
21.there be句型表示某地存在某物。
there is/was +单数名词或不可数名词;
there are/were+复数名词;
当there be后面的人或物有两种或两种以上时,be的形式按“就近原则”。回答用:Yes, there is/are/was/were.
【应用】
There ______ (be)some bread and eggs on the table.
1. would like的用法
(1)would like意为“想;想要”,表示意愿,would like和want表示“要;想要”,但两者语气上差别较大。前者礼貌委婉、正式规范,后者直接、非正式且随意。would like中的would是情态动词,没有人称和数的变化,常以“’d”形式与主语缩写。
I’d like a cup of black tea with milk, please. 请给我来杯加奶的红茶。
I want some hot tea, Mom. 妈妈,我想喝些热茶。
What do you want to eat today, children 孩子们,今天你们想吃些什么?
What would you like to order, sir 先生,您想点些什么?
① would like+名词 例如:
I would like Size “S”. 我想要“S”号的。
② would like+to do … 例如:
My parents would like to meet you. 我父母想见你。
③ would like+sb.+to do … 例如:
Jim would like his friend to help him with his Chinese. 吉姆想要他朋友帮他学汉语。
(2) would like 的常用句型
—Would you like sth. —Yes, please. (肯定回答)—No, thanks. (否定回答) —Would you like to do sth. —Sure, I’d love/like to. (肯定回答)—Sorry, I’m afraid I can’t./I’d love/like to, but... (否定回答)
特殊疑问词(组) + would you like 特殊疑问词(组) + would you like to...
【语法专练】
1.I'd like ________ some rice and fish for supper.
A.eat
B.eats
C.eating
D.to eat
2.— Tim and I will eat out this weekend. Would you like to
join us
— ________.
A.Well done B.That's right C.I'd love to D.You are welcome
2. 可数名词与不可数名词的用法
(1) 名词的数
名词按照可数性可分为可数名词和不可数名词。
可数名词是指名词本身所表示的人或事物是可以直接用数目来计算的,有复数变化形式。不可数名词是指名词
本身所表示的事物一般不能直接用数目来计算。它们分别包括以下几种名词:
可数名词 个体名词 指单个人或单个事物的名词 car 汽车computer 电脑
集体名词 指一群人或一些事物总称的名词 army 军队police 警察
不可数名词 物质名词 指无法分为个体的物质、材料的名词 water 水bread 面包
抽象名词 指人或事物的品质、情感、状态、动作等抽象概念的名词 love 爱time 时间
(2)可数名词与不可数名词用法对比
可数名词 不可数名词
有单数和复数之分。如:a box, two boxes。 没有复数形式。如:beef, mutton, meat, milk。
(1) 其前可直接用不定冠词a/an或具体的数词修饰,表示数量。如:a bowl ,an orange, two potatoes。(2) 可用定冠词the修饰,表示特指,如:the girl(这个女孩)。 (1) 其前不能用不定冠词a/an或数词修饰。(2) 可用定冠词the修饰,表示特指,如:the bread(这块面包)。
可用some, any, few, a few, many, lots of, a lot of等修饰。 可用some, any, little, a little, much, a lot of, lots of等修饰。
询问数量多少用how many。 询问量的多少用how much。
【拓展】不可数名词量的表达
不可数名词的量可以用 “a/an/基数词+表示量的名词 + of + 不可数名词” 表示,这些表示量的名词有单复数形式的变化。这一结构作主语时,谓语动词的单复数形式要与表示量的名词保持一致。
There is a bottle of juice on the table. 桌子上有一瓶果汁。(谓语动词is与a bottle保持一致)
There are three bowls of mutton soup on the table. 桌子上有三碗羊肉汤。(谓语动词are与three bowls保持一致)
(3) 既可作可数名词也可作不可数名词的词
有些名词既可作可数名词,也可作不可数名词,但意义上有很大区别。常见的这类名词如下表:
可数名词 不可数名词
a glass 一个玻璃杯 glass 玻璃
a paper 一份报纸 paper 纸
a chicken 一只鸡 chicken 鸡肉
a fish 一条鱼 fish 鱼肉
a room 一个房间 room 空间
a light 一盏灯 light 光线
an orange 一个橙子/橘子 orange 橙汁/橘汁
【语法专练】单选选择
( )1. Hurry up! Some _____ and ____ are on sale in the supermarket.
A.tomato;egg B.tomatoes;egg
C.tomatoes;eggs D.tomato;eggs
( )2.Some oranges _____ on the table.Some orange ____ in the cup.
A.is;is B.are;are
C.are;is D.is;are
( )3.—Would you like something to drink
—Yes,_____,please.
A.some meat B.some cakes
C.some dumplings D.some coffee
( )4.—I see _____ on the table.Are they for us,Mom
—Yes.One is for you and the other is for your
brother.
A.two bowl of dumpling
B.two bowls of dumpling
C.two bowl of dumplings
D.two bowls of dumplings
【课堂训练】
一、 完形填空。
When I was about 14, I had a friend who liked to tell me my shortcomings (缺点).For example, I was very short, I wasn't a top student, I talked too much, I was too proud and so on.I became so angry that I couldn't 1 her at last.I ran to my 2 with tears in my eyes.
He listened to me 3 and asked, “Are the things she said true or not?Jane, didn't you want to 4 what you're really like?Go and make a list of everything she said and mark the 5 points.Pay no attention to the other things she said.” I did as he told me.To my great surprise, I discovered that about half the things were true.Some I couldn't change, like being very 6 .But many I could and I wanted to change.For the first time, I had a better understanding of myself.
I 7 the list back to Daddy.He refused (拒绝) to read it.“That's just for you, ” he said, “You know 8 than any other person the truth about yourself.When 9 said about you is true, you'll find it will be of help to you.Don't shut your ears.Listen to them all, but only hear the truth and do what you know.It is the right thing to do.”
Daddy's 10 has returned to me at many important moments.In my life, I've never had a better piece of advice.
( )1.A.hear B.stand C.describe D.forget
( )2.A.father B.teacher C.friend D.mother
( )3.A.excitedly B.directly C.quickly D.quietly
( )4.A.decide B.enjoy C.know D.remember
( )5.A.similar B.true C.wrong D.necessary
( )6.A.active B.proud C.top D.short
( )7.A.brought B.agreed C.hated D.hurried
( )8.A.worse B.closer C.better D.earlier
( )9.A.something B.anything C.nothing D.everything
( )10.A.word B.list C.love D.advice
二,完成下面的语法填空。
A group of British students are visiting Beijing as exchange students.Sarah is one of the 1._________ (student).She said her host family were very 2.__________ (friend).They taught her 3.________ (use) chopsticks and also taught her a little Chinese.
Eric thought the experience in Beijing was fantastic.He learnt a bit of t'ai chi.And he learnt a lot about 4.__________ (China) culture and history.The teachers introduced them 5.____ Chinese painting.He thought Chinese painting was hard 6._____ interesting.He kept trying.7.________ (final), he tried to paint some pictures by himself.
At the weekend, the students 8.________ (tour) around Beijing and visited places of interest with 9._______ (they) host families.They also made many new friends.They are looking forward to 10.________ (see) their friends in the UK for the second part of the exchange.
知识归纳
语法梳理
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