大一轮高考英语练出高分人教版新课标必修3 Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars

Book 3　Unit 4　Astronomy：the science of the stars
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．The living room is clean and tidy，with a dining table already________for a meal to be cooked.
(2010·山东，29)
A．laid B．laying
C．to lay D．being laid
答案　A
解析　句意为：起居室干净又整洁，为做饭准备的餐桌也已摆好。with后跟复合结构，a table与lay之间为被动关系，且有already暗示，故空白处应用过去分词表被动和完成。
2．They are hoping to ________ the new legislation into force before the end of the year.
A．take B．bring
C．give D．offer
答案　B
解析　句意为：他们希望在年底前实施新法。考查固定短语bring sth.into force“开始生效(实施)”。
3．The present situation is ________，and we are all ________ about what will happen in the days to come.
A．puzzled；puzzling
B．puzzling；puzzled
C．puzzling；puzzling
D．puzzled；puzzled
答案　B
解析　句意为：目前的形势令人困惑，我们都对未来几天将要发生的事感到困惑。puzzling令人困惑的；puzzled感到困惑的。
4．—I’m sorry I didn’t finish it on time.
—________.
A．Fine，thanks. B．No，thanks.
C．Thanks a lot. D．Thanks anyway.
答案　D
解析　句意为：——很抱歉，我没有按时完成。——不管怎样还是要谢谢你。Fine，thanks.很好，谢谢；No，thanks.不了，谢谢；Thanks a lot多谢。根据上句句意可知，答语仍然表示对对方的感谢。
5．Doctors always tell us that drinking too much ________ our health，but some people don’t care.
A．is harm to B．does harmful to
C．is harmful to D．do harm to
答案　C
解析　句意为：医生总是告诉我们饮酒太多有害健康，但有些人却不在意。be harmful to sb.＝do harm to sb.对某人有害。D项应用第三人称单数。
6．It’s high time you had your hair cut；it’s getting ________.
A．too much long B．much too long
C．long too much D．too long much
答案　B
解析　句意为：你该理发了，你的头发太长了。much too太……，修饰形容词long。
7．People will thank the firefighters for the things they do to prevent fires ________ the environment safer.
A．make B．to make
C．from making D．making
答案　B
解析　此处为不定式表目的，即“由于他们的防火工作而使环境更安全”。
8．In a modern society full of fierce competitions，______ a person does is not always the same as ________ he says.
A．what；what B．what；that
C．that；that D．that；what
答案　A
解析　这是一个由what引导的主语从句和宾语从句构成的复合句。what分别在这两个从句中作does和says的宾语；that引导名词性从句只起引导句子的作用，在所引导的名词性从句中不作任何成分。
9．The new stadium being built for the next Asian Games will be________the present one.
(2011·陕西，17)
A．as three times big as
B．three times as big as
C．as big as three times
D．as big three times as
答案　B
解析　句意为：正在为下一届亚运会建的新体育馆是现在的体育馆的3倍大。本题考查倍数表达法的句型，该题中体现的倍数表达法的句型是：倍数＋as...as...。
10．________ they’ve got to know each other，I’m sure they will get along better.
A．Now that B．Unless
C．Although D．As soon as
答案　A
解析　句意为：既然他们已经互相认识了，我相信他们会相处得更好。now that既然，引导原因状语从句。
Ⅱ.完形填空
I am a single mother of a wonderful four year old son and have been fortunate to live a happy and healthy life.Though this year has been a handful of __1__，it has taught me to see the __2__ things in life.
Because of a serious financial problem early in the year，I was __3__ three months in my rent.I had to __4__ my landlord $600 a month plus my current rent.This __5__ about three months.
It is now one __6__ before Christmas，and this past week I went to __7__ for my son’s preschool.I had just given my __8__ payment of $215 to my landlord.I had $11 __9__ from my paycheck.I had to pay $107.15 for my son’s __10__，so I did not have enough to __11__ the entire balance.I had about four days to pay the remaining balance of $96.15，__12__ my son was going to drop out of the preschool.
I __13__ was able to make enough money at my second job，a part time job __14__ a waitress at night.When I went into the office to pay the balance，I was __15__ that the balance had already been paid.A __16__ of the YMCA(基督教青年会)，the organization that the preschool __17__，asked the front desk if there was __18__ who needed any help.The manager had told this member about my situation，and he or she paid my overdue balance.
I don’t know who this person is or if I ever will.This has given me __19__ and belief in a Christmas Angel that I truly have out there __20__ me.Thank you，my angel.
1．A.fights B．battles
C．struggles D．quarrels
答案　C
解析　联系下文作者遇到的一系列经济困难可知，作者今年的生活遇到了困难。struggle难事，符合语境。
2．A.important B．little
C．interesting D．surprising
答案　A
解析　联系空前的taught可知，虽然生活困难，作者从生活中学习到了重要的(important)东西。
3．A.around B．behind
C．ahead D．nearly
答案　B
解析　由于财务问题，作者的租金拖后(behind)了三个月。
4．A.lend B．offer
C．give D．borrow
答案　C
解析　根据下文的my current rent可推知，作者需要每个月付给(give)房东六百美元。
5．A.stayed B．survived
C．disappeared D．lasted
答案　D
解析　作者已拖欠三个月的租金了，再加上现在每月的租金，作者一个月需要付六百美元，这种情况持续(last)了大约三个月。
6．A.week B．year
C．month D．day
答案　A
解析　根据下文中的this past week可推知，此处指圣诞节之前的一周(week)的情况。
7．A.answer B．wait
C．pay D．apply
答案　C
解析　联系第三段第四句中的“I had to pay $107.15 for my son’s...”可知，作者是去支付(pay)学费。
8．A.next B．last
C．other D．another
答案　B
解析　根据下文中的“I had $11 ______ from my paycheck.”可知，此处指作者将最后(last)一笔付款给了房东。
9．A.limited B．kept
C．needed D．left
答案　D
解析　交给房东最后一笔付款之后，作者只剩下了11美元，故选left。
10．A.game B．preschool
C．film D．play
答案　B
解析　根据本段第一句中的my son’s preschool可知，这里指作者儿子的学前教育(preschool)。
11．A.cover B．gain
C．combine D．finish
答案　A
解析　作者手里只有11美元，所以不够支付(cover)余额部分。
12．A.so B．and
C．or D．but
答案　C
解析　作者需要在四天之内支付完剩余的费用，否则(or)她的儿子就要辍学了。
13．A.suddenly B．possibly
C．immediately D．fortunately
答案　D
解析　根据空后的“...make enough money at my second job...”可知，作者幸运地(fortunately)通过第二份工作挣到了足够的钱。
14．A.of B．for
C．with D．as
答案　D
解析　作者的第二份工作是兼职做服务员。此处as表示“作为”。
15．A.warned B．asked
C．suggested D．told
答案　D
解析　根据下文可知，费用的余额部分已经有人帮助作者支付了。此处表示作者被告知了这个消息，故D项正确。
16．A.worker B．member
C．player D．manager
答案　B
解析　根据空后的the organization，再联系本段最后一句中的“The manager had told this member...”可知，此处指这个组织的一个成员(member)。
17．A.belongs to B．stands by
C．relies on D．brings in
答案　A
解析　根据句意可知，这个幼儿园属于(belong to)“基督教青年会”这个组织。
18．A.some one B．no one
C．any one D．every one
答案　C
解析　该成员询问是否有需要帮助的人，故用any one。
19．A.hope B．thought
C．mind D．spirit
答案　A
解析　困难解决了，所以这给了作者希望(hope)和信念。根据空后的belief可推知，此处应选词意上含有积极的感彩的词。spirit有“勇气；决心”的意思，但不符合语境。
20．A.focusing on B．watching over
C．hearing from D．staring at
答案　B
解析　上文提到a Christmas Angel，故作者的意思是有天使保护(watch over)着她。
Ⅲ.阅读理解
Dreams can be familiar and strange，fantastical or boring，but some dreams might be connected to the mental processes that help us learn.In a recent study，scientists found a connection between nap time dreams and better memory in people who were learning a new skill.
In the study,99 college students between the ages of 18 and 30 each spent an hour on a computer，trying to get through a virtual maze(迷宫)．The maze was difficult，and the study participants had to start in a different place each time they tried—making it even more difficult.They were also told to find a particular picture of a tree and remember where it was.
For the first 90 minutes of a five hour break，half of the participants stayed awake and half were told to take a short nap.Participants who stayed awake were asked to describe their thoughts.Participants who took a nap were asked about their dreams before sleep and after sleep—and they were awakened within a minute of sleep to describe their dreams.
Stickgold，a neuroscientist(神经科学家)，wanted to know what people were dreaming about when their eyes weren’t moving，during sleep.
Four of the 50 people who slept said their dreams were connected to the maze.Some dreamed about the music that had been playing when they were working；others said they dreamed about seeing people in the maze.When these four people tried the computer maze again，they were able to find the tree faster than before their naps.
Stickgold suggests the dream itself doesn’t help a person learn—it’s the other way around.He suspects that the dream was caused by the brain processes associated with learning.
All four of the people who dreamed about the task had done poorly the first time，which makes Stickgold wonder if the dreams show up when a person finds a new task particularly difficult.People who had other dreams，or people who didn’t take a nap，didn’t show the same improvement.
1．Before having a short nap，participants of the experiment were asked to ________.
A．stay in a different place in the maze
B．design a virtual maze which is difficult to get through
C．experience the experiment and try to remember something
D．get through a virtual maze on a computer from the same place
答案　C
解析　细节理解题。根据第二段可知，参加实验的人们在电脑上穿越虚拟迷宫并且记住一棵树的图画的位置。
2．What can we learn from the text
A．Participants who took a nap were required to express their thoughts.
B．Some dreams may encourage people to invent something new.
C．Participants who dreamed about films could finish the task more easily.
D．Participants whose dreams had something to do with the maze could find the tree faster.
答案　D
解析　细节理解题。根据第五段的内容可知D项正确，C项说法错误；由第三段内容可知，A项说法错误；B项文章未提及。故选D项。
3．After doing what they were asked on computers，participants ________.
A．were divided into two groups to take different tasks at break
B．were so tired as to fall asleep
C．felt bored with the experiment and they were sleepy
D．were asked to remember their experiment separately
答案　A
解析　细节理解题。根据第三段，经过在电脑上感受穿越迷宫后，参加实验的人分为两组，分别被要求小睡或描述他们的想法，因此可知他们有不同的分工。
4．According to Stickgold，________.
A．every person may dream about what they learned
B．people’s brain processes may still be connected with their learning in their dreams
C．once people’s eyes stop moving，they are sure to dream about something
D．no matter how fantastical or boring，dreams are connected with people’s life
答案　B
解析　推理判断题。根据第六段第二句，Stickgold怀疑人们之所以梦见正在学习的东西，是因为人的大脑程序仍然与所学的东西保持着联系。
5．What is the best title for this text
A．Dreams Are Strange
B．Not All Dreams Are True
C．Dreaming Makes Perfect
D．Stickgold，a Dream Expert
答案　C
解析　标题归纳题。本文中心思想揭示了梦见所学内容的人梦醒后在学习中会做得更好，所以C项最佳。
文章中的2个阅读障碍句分析
1．Stickgold，a neuroscientist(神经科学家)，wanted to know what people were dreaming about when their eyes weren’t moving，during sleep.(Paragraph 4)
句式分析：该句中what引导的是一个宾语从句，作know的宾语；when引导了一个时间状语从句。
自主翻译：Stickgold，一位神经科学家，想知道当人们在睡眠当中，眼珠不转动的时候梦到的是什么。
2．All four of the people who dreamed about the task had done poorly the first time，which makes Stickgold wonder if the dreams show up when a person finds a new task particularly difficult.(The last paragraph)
句式分析：该句中who引导一个限制性定语从句，修饰先行词people；which引导一个非限制性定语从句；if引导一个宾语从句；when引导一个时间状语从句。
自主翻译：所有这四个梦到工作的人第一次把工作做得很差，这就使Stickgold怀疑当一个人发现一项新工作特别难做的时候，梦境是否会表现出来。