Unit 8 A green world 单元话题阅读理解训练（含解析） 牛津译林版八年级下册
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| 名称 | Unit 8 A green world 单元话题阅读理解训练（含解析） 牛津译林版八年级下册 |  | |
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| 更新时间 | 2024-05-24 13:15:12 | ||
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Unit 8 A green world
单元话题阅读理解练习
（22-23八年级下·江苏淮安·期中）More than 1000 different kinds of pieces of plastic, including 115 cups, 25 bags, four bottles and two pairs of shoes, have been found inside a dead whale (鲸鱼) in Indonesia, according to the local officials.
“When the whale was found on the island, it was already decomposing when animal doctors arrived. So they were unable to be sure if the plastic caused its death.’’ said Lukas, the leader of the World Wildlife Fund in Indonesia. “The plastic weighed about 6 kilograms, or 13 pounds.’’ he said.
But pictures of the dead whale caused a warm discussion. The people in the country have started to realize that it is because of using too much plastic. The government has also realized this. Indonesia, a nation of about 260 million people was the world’s second-biggest producer of plastic waste in 2018, behind only China.
“If the whales eat too much plastic, they will have a wrong feeling. They think that they are full. And that will lead them to eat less food that provides all the good things they need.’’ said Nicholas who is the leader of the Ocean Conservancy. “Moreover, eating too much plastic can make them reduce their weight, their energy and slow down their swimming. As a result, whales are easier to be hurt by the sharks and many other dangerous animals in the sea.’’
More than 800 kinds of animals in the sea are affected by about 8.8 million tons of plastic which is thrown away freely in the ocean each year. Plastic can also stop the animals moving freely and sometimes they will cause them to die because they have to be under the water for too long. Some plastic can make a small hole in their stomachs after they eat it.
1．What does the underlined word “decomposing’’ in Paragraph 2 mean
A．腐烂 B．吸收 C．凝固 D．飘散
2．Which country produced most plastic waste in 2018
A．India. B．China. C．Indonesia. D．America.
3．What happens to the whales after eating too much plastic
A．They will feel hungry. B．They will die at once.
C．They will eat less healthy food. D．They will attack sharks actively.
4．According to the passage, what can we infer (推断)
A．Pictures of the dead whale caught few people’s attention.
B．People kill whales because they are dangerous animals.
C．Plastic can stop sea animals moving freely, even cause them to die.
D．Indonesia government will take action to stop the sea pollution.
（22-23八年级下·江苏无锡·期中）
About 1,101 manatees died in Florida last year, many from hunger. So last December, government wildlife experts (专家) came up with a plan to give food to the manatees. They decided to feed them green vegetables like lettuce and cabbage. Ron Mezich, an expert, said, “We’re making a difference.” So far, they have served up more than 193,000 pounds of lettuce to hungry manatees.
Manatees are huge sea animals that only eat sea grass and other plants that live in the sea. That’s one reason why they’re sometimes called “sea cows”.
Since 1967, Florida’s manatees have been on the US government’s list of endangered animals. Most dangers to manatees come from humans. One of the biggest problems facing the animals are boats. Thousands of manatees were hit or killed by boats. At one point, there were only about 2,000 manatees left in Florida. With protection, the number increased. In 2016, there were more than 6,000 manatees.
However, as sea grass began to disappear, the number of manatees keeps going down again. Warming seas with polluted water have created huge growths of algae (藻) on the ocean’s surface. The algae blocks the sunlight that allows the sea grass to grow. In Indian River Lagoon, where manatees often go in the winter, about 90% of the sea grass beds there have died off. Florida will work to help restore (恢复) sea grass beds. But that will take time. Scientists still worry that hundreds more manatees could starve this winter.
5．How has the number of manatees changed over years
A． B． C． D．
6．Which shows the correct order of the reasons for manatees’ death
A．sea pollution → growth of algae → death of sea grass → death of manatees
B．growth of algae → sea pollution → death of sea grass → death of manatees
C．sea pollution → death of sea grass→ growth of algae → death of manatees
D．growth of algae → death of sea grass→ sea pollution → death of manatees
7．What is the meaning of the underlined word “starve”
A．to be hit by boats B．to eat up sea grass
C．to die from hunger D．to lose swimming ability
8．Which is the best title for this passage
A．Manatees Feeding Program B．Money Given to Save Manatees
C．Sea Grass Beds Restored for Manatees D．Reasons for Manatees’ Death Still Unclear
（2024·湖北·一模）Around the world, people are more and more worried about the environment. Many people now prefer products and companies (公司) that care about the earth and cause less pollution. This need for green products has led large companies to change their business.
Before, customers used cheap plastic (塑料) bags, and then threw them away. But now most supermarkets and stores usually provide reusable shopping bags for them. This causes less waste. They also offer more local products, because less energy is needed for carrying them from one place to another.
To help lower air pollution, big car factories are looking for other ways to control the amount of oil. Cars that use much less oil are very popular. Many companies are also developing fully electric cars. They produce no air pollution at all. Both kinds of cars have another advantage: They are cheaper to run and people don’t need to worry about oil prices.
The airline companies face an even greater green challenge. Airplanes use much more oil than cars. So many airlines are now developing planes that can run on some other kinds of oil. They create less pollution and cost less. The companies are also developing a new kind of planes, and some of them use only solar panels (太阳能板) to fly!
Green businesses used to be popular with only a small group of people. But now, more and more companies have to show they care about the environment. Many products are marked “green” in order to look nice. However, people still have to be careful when choosing green products. It’s important to make sure the products are as environmentally friendly as the businessmen say.
9．What does the word “them” in Paragraph 2 refer to
A．Local products. B．Green products. C．Cheap plastic bags. D．Reusable shopping bags.
10．What are the advantages of electric cars according to the passage
a. Using cheap oil. b. Making little noise.
c. Running at low costs. d. Producing no air pollution.
A．a and b B．c and d C．b and c D．a and d
11．The last sentence of the passage is written to ________.
A．show the green products are healthy
B．encourage people to buy green products
C．explain the importance of the environment
D．tell people to choose green products carefully
12．Which is the right structure of the passage
(①＝Paragraph 1 ②＝Paragraph 2, ...)
A． B． C． D．
13．What’s the best title for the passage
A．Green Is Cheaper B．Green Saves the Earth C．Green Is Good Business D．Green Makes Life Easier
（22-23八年级下·江苏扬州·期末）During the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic Games, there were 10 flower beds（花坛）. One of the high-lights（亮点）of these flower beds was to make good use of garden waste.
One of them was in Tian’anmen Square. Its topic was “Wonderful Winter Olympics”. The five Olympic rings and the snowflake shape were at the bottom of the flower bed. To our surprise, all of these were made from garden waste. This could not only save resources but also bring people more beauty. It was generally praised by the public.
Green Olympics is one of the four main ideas of Beijing Winter Olympics. It took more than six years to prepare for the Games. In this process, the designers put the idea of green Olympics into every part. They integrated（融合）green Olympics with the city and its surroundings（环境）. Green Olympics can not only make good use of waste and protect the environment, but also be good for the future development of the city, There’s no doubt that the Winter Olympics theme flower beds, which showed the “simple, safe and wonderful” requirements for the competition, added points to the unique charm（独特魅力）of the “City of the Two Olympics”.
As waste is considered as a resource that is put in a wrong place, the designers made the waste in the right place for the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic Games. Besides, thrift（节俭）and hard work are the tradition of the Chinese nation. We also should save energy and make good use of waste in our daily life.
14．What is special about the flower beds
A．The size. B．The number. C．The space. D．The material.
15．What is at the bottom of the flower bed in Tian’anmen Square
①Bing Dwen Dwen ②The snowflake shape ③The Olympic flag ④The five Olympic rings
A．①② B．②④ C．③④ D．①③
16．What tone（语气）does the writer use to write this passage
A．Boring. B．Surprising. C．Serious. D．Proud.
17．Which of the following shows the structure（结构）of the passage
（①=Paragraph 1（第一段）, ②=Paragraph 2…）
A． B． C． D．
（21-22八年级下·江苏南通·期末）Sunshine, beaches and coconuts (椰子)—these are why people usually go to Hainan. But more than a paradise (天堂) for travelers and foodies, it’s also a wonderland of plants and animals.
Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park, in the south-central part of Hainan Island, has the most and well-kept tropical rainforests (热带雨林) in China. President Xi Jinping visited it in April.
The national park covers 4,269 square kilometers, or one-seventh of the island. More than 95 percent of the park is virgin (原始状态的) forest and is home to 3,653 species of vascular plants (维管植物) and 540 species of terrestrial vertebrates (陆生脊椎动物).
The park is the only habitat (栖息地) of the world’s most endangered primate (灵长类动物)—the Hainan gibbon (长臂猿). It’s an uncommon species (种类). They look like monkeys, but have no tails. They live in the trees their whole lifetimes. Every morning, they whistle loudly to mark their territory (领地). They eat fruits and leaves from more than 130 plants. The number of Hainan gibbons has increased from fewer than 10 in the 1980 s to 36 in 2022. This shows China’s achievements in environmental protection.
Not just a sweet home to animals, the park is a “live museum” of amazing plants. More than 400 kinds of plants grow only in Hainan. Cycas hainanensis (海南苏铁) is a wild plant native to the island. With feather-like leaves, this plant can live to be 200 years old. If it lives in the Yangtze River Basin and North China, it grows almost without flowers or fruit. But in Hainan, cycas hainanensis plants over 10 years old blossom (开花) and bear fruit almost every year, thanks to the warm and humid (湿润的) weather.
With so many plants and animals, the biodiversity index (生物多样性指数) of the park—a number to rate species diversity—is as high as 6.28. It is comparable (可比较的) to the Amazon rainforest in Brazil. That’s why people call the park a treasure for both China and the world.
18．Paragraph 3 is mainly about ________.
A．an introduction to the park B．the views of the park
C．the news of the park’s opening D．details of rare plants and animals
19．What do we know about the Hainan gibbon
A．It is a monkey without a tail. B．Its voice sounds like a crying baby.
C．It lives on plants and birds. D．It is a species only found in Hainan.
20．From the story, we can infer (推断) that cycas hainanensis ________.
A．never blossoms and bears fruit B．can only live for 10 years in Hainan
C．lives better in warm and humid weather D．first blossoms when it is 10 years old.
21．Which of the following may be the writer’s opinion
A．We must start to do something for rare species.
B．Human activities will do harm to the rainforest.
C．China has done a great job in protecting the rainforest.
D．We should compare our rainforest with the Amazon rainforest.
（22-23八年级下·江苏扬州·阶段练习）
High-tech pollution protection Technology company Dyson has invented headphones with a mask to help people avoid polluted air. Called the Dyson Zone, it connects(连接) noise-canceling(消除) headphones with a mask that sits just in front of the nose and mouth, providing users with cleaned air. The product(产品) is designed to fight against air and sound pollution.
___________ On March 15, the UN General Assembly passed a resolution(决议) supporting bicycles as a tool for dealing with climate(气候) change. It calls on member countries to add bicycles to public transportation and encourages them to care about bicycle-sharing services(服务). The UN said transportation is the third-largest causes of carbon dioxide (CO2) , a greenhouse gas that causes global warming. Choosing the two-wheeled(两轮的) over a car just once a day can reduce a person’ s transportation carbon emissions(排放) by 67 percent, according to a University of Oxford study.
Planting forests for the future China’ s National Forestry and Grassland Administration of forest in 2021 brought out a report on March 11, showing China’ s land-greening plan in 2021. According to the report, 3 million hectares (公顷) of Chinese grassland were improved through grass planting, and 23, 900 hectares of farmland were changed into grassland. As much as 1. 44 million hectares of land were saved from becoming desert.
22．The news above is all about ________.
A．invention B．laws C．environment D．Achievements(成就)
23．The idea of the Dyson Zone is to ________.
A．introduce a new invention B．show how clever Dyson is
C．provide users with more air D．protect people from pollution
24．The best heading (标题) for the second news would be ________.
A．Two-wheeled Solution (解决方法) B．An Environmentally-friendly (环保的) Bicycle
C．Serious Climate Change D．Cars vs Bicycles
（22-23八年级下·江苏无锡·阶段练习）Two thousand years ago, Britain was covered by thick forests, home to many animals like wolves, bears, many different kinds of deer and large wild cows, but now they no longer live in the UK. There were less than four million people. They lived in small villages. Wooden walls protected them from the animals outside.
All these have changed, of course. Now the population(人口) of the UK has increased(增加) to about seventy million. Three-quarters of Britain is covered with fields, towns or cities. Although(虽然) 25 per cent of land is countryside, new methods of farming mean that there are fewer birds and small animals living in fields than ever before.
Only a few countries in the world do not have a large wild animal that eats meat. The UK is one of them. Some people would like to change things, however! Some organizations and writers say that Britain needs to become more natural again. They suggest bringing back the trees and animals that have been lost and allowing them to grow freely. They call this “rewilding”.
Not everyone agrees. In the last twenty years, over one million trees which at first grew in Scotland have been planted and there are plans for more-but wild animals Some people ask if wolves will attack sheep or even humans. They are also angry that rewilding might mean an end to walking in the hills which so many people enjoy. So far there are no wolves or bears in Britain’s forests-but soon there might be!
25．What was the population of the UK two thousand years ago
A．About 25 million. B．About 70 million.
C．More than 61 million. D．Not more than four million.
26．Why are there fewer birds and small animals in fields in the UK
A．Because people don’t plant trees. B．Because there are more large wild animals.
C．Because pollution is much worse than before. D．Because people use new methods of farming.
27．Which paragraph gives opinions from “rewilding” supporters
A．Paragraph 1. B．Paragraph 2. C．Paragraph 3. D．Paragraph 4.
28．What are some people against
A．Living closer to nature. B．Planting more and more trees.
C．Helping large wild animals return. D．Building more villages and towns.
29．Which is the best title for the passage
A．Making Britain wild again B．Protecting wild animals
C．A brief introduction to Britain D．A visit to Britain’s wildlife reserves
（22-23八年级下·江苏无锡·阶段练习）When the air is polluted we wear masks to protect our lungs(肺). What about bees and butterflies They can’t wear masks.
New Scientist magazine recently reported findings from James Ryalls and his team at the University of Reading, UK. Their study found that air pollution is harmful(有害的) to pollinators(传花粉者)—insects like bees and butterflies. They can’t smell flowers because of the pollution.
Pollinators are important. They spread pollen(花粉) among plants with flowers. This helps the flower produce seed and fruit. Without pollinators, farms cannot make food. We all need pollinators.
To do their study, Ryalls’ team built eight areas. Then, they piped(吹送) nitrogen oxide(氧化氮) and ozone(臭氧) into six of these areas. The other two areas had normal air. They were the control group.
“The results were much more severe(严重的) than we thought,” said Ryalls. The levels of pollution in their tests were similar to “normal road traffic”. In such conditions, 70 percent fewer insects entered the area. Once they were there, they didn’t hang around. Visits to flowers decreased by up to 90 percent.
Scientists explained that gases like nitrogen oxide and ozone can break down the scents(气味) of flowers. This makes it hard for insects to find their food.
Maybe the most terrible thing is that the researchers created pollution levels that were legal(合法的) in the UK. Shannon Olsson, a scientist in India, called the results “important” because they show that “safe” levels of pollution keep pollinators away.
“Air pollution is another stress on insects,” said Ryalls. “That adds to all the other stresses causing their numbers to decline(减少).”
30．What problem may air pollution cause to pollinators
A．They may have less food to eat.
B．They may eat more fruit and vegetables.
C．They can’t smell flowers, so they spread(传播) less pollen.
D．They may stop flowers giving out scents.
31．How did the scientists do the research
A．They recorded(记录) insects’ activities on farms next to busy roads.
B．They brought clean air to places with severe air pollution.
C．They piped nitrogen oxide and ozone into eight areas.
D．They compared(比较) insect behavior in areas with polluted air and normal air.
32．What does Paragraph 7 show
A．Pollinators will only work in a “safe” environment.
B．Even “safe” levels of pollution influence(影响) pollinators badly.
C．The law will have less control over air pollution.
D．An environment that is safe for insects is not safe for humans.
33．What is the experiment in the passage mainly about
A．The influence of air pollution on pollinating insects.
B．Different levels of air pollution in the UK.
C．Stresses that insects are facing.
D．Causes of air pollution in big cities.
（21-22八年级下·江苏淮安·期中）When the air is polluted, we can wear masks(口罩) to protect ourselves. What about bees and butterflies They can’t wear masks.
News Scientist magazine showed some findings from James Ryalls and his team at the University of Reading, UK. Their study found that air pollution is harmful to pollinators(传花粉者)—insects like bees and butterflies. They can’t smell flowers because of the pollution.
Pollinators are important, as they spread pollen(传播花粉) among plants with flowers. This helps the flowers grow into fruit. Without pollinators, farms cannot make food. We all need pollinators.
To do their study, Ryalls’s team built eight farm areas. Then, they put nitrogen oxide(氧化氮) and ozone(臭氧) into six of these areas. The other two areas had normal(正常的) air.
“The results were much more serious than we thought,” said Ryalls. The levels of pollution in the six areas were just like those of normal traffic on the road. In such conditions, 70 percent insects didn’t enter the six areas. If they were there, they didn’t hang around(活动). And visits to flowers dropped by 90 percent.
Scientists said that nitrogen oxide and ozone can break down the scents(气味) of flowers. This makes it hard for insects to find their food.
Maybe the most terrible thing is that the levels of pollution that affect(影响) pollinators are legal(合法的) in the UK. Shannon Olsson, a scientist in India, called the results “important” because they show that “safe” levels of pollution keep pollinators away.
34．What may happen to bees and butterflies because of the air pollution
A．They have nothing to eat. B．They get lost easily.
C．They can’t smell flowers. D．They all die of it.
35．Where did Ryalls’s team do their study
A．In a garden. B．In farm areas. C．In mountain areas. D．In a house.
36．What happened to pollinators in the six areas with air pollution
A．They found food quickly. B．They could not find each other.
C．They hung around more often. D．They visited flowers less.
37．What does the underlined phrase “break down” mean in the passage
A．厌恶 B．变化 C．产生 D．分解
38．What can we learn from Paragraph 7
A．Pollinators only work in a “safe” environment.
B．Even “safe” levels of pollution affect pollinators.
C．The laws in the UK can’t stop air pollution.
D．The environment now is not safe for humans.
参考答案：
1．A 2．B 3．C 4．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章介绍了塑料垃圾对海洋生物造成的恶劣影响，让我们意识到保护海洋环境的重要性。
1．词义猜测题。根据第二段“When the whale was found on the island, it was already decomposing when animal doctors arrived. So they were unable to be sure if the plastic caused its death.”可知，当鲸鱼被发现时，已经腐烂了，所以动物医生无法确定是否是塑料造成它的死亡。故推知decomposing的含义为“腐烂”。故选A。
2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Indonesia, a nation of about 260 million people was the world’s second-biggest producer of plastic waste in 2018, behind only China.”可知，2018年，中国是世界上最大的塑料垃圾生产国。故选B。
3．细节理解题。根据第四段“If the whales eat too much plastic, they will have a wrong feeling. They think that they are full. And that will lead them to eat less food that provides all the good things they need,”可知，鲸鱼吃了太多塑料后会产生错觉，它们会认为自己饱了，从而使它们吃更少的可以给它们提供养分的食物。故选C。
4．推理判断题。根据第三段“The people in the country have started to realize that it is because of using too much plastic. The government has also realized this.”可知，印度尼西亚的人民和政府已经意识到问题。故推知接下来会采取行动阻止海洋污染。故选D。
5．B 6．A 7．C 8．A
【导语】本文主要介绍了海牛所面临的问题是饥饿，同时介绍了政府制定了给海牛喂食的计划。
5．细节理解题。根据“Since 1967, Florida’s manatees have been on the US government’s list of endangered animals.”和“With protection, the number increased. In 2016, there were more than 6,000 manatees.”可知，1967年海牛的数量是比较低的，在政府的保护下，2016年数量有所增长，结合“However, as sea grass began to disappear, the number of manatees keeps going down again.”可知，现在又因为海草的问题，海牛的数量又下降了，B选项符合。故选B。
6．细节理解题。根据“Warming seas with polluted water have created huge growths of algae (藻) on the ocean’s surface. The algae blocks the sunlight that allows the sea grass to grow.”可知，海水污染导致了海藻生长，这挡住了海草生长所需要的阳光；根据“However, as sea grass began to disappear, the number of manatees keeps going down again.”可知，海草减少了，那么海牛也会消失，因此选项A的顺序正确。故选A。
7．词句猜测题。根据“Scientists still worry that hundreds more manatees could starve this winter.”及前文描述可知，海草因为污染导致数量减少，而以海草为生的海牛可能会因为挨饿而死亡，所以starve与to die from hunger同义。故选C。
8．最佳标题题。根据“About 1,101 manatees died in Florida last year, many from hunger. So last December, government wildlife experts (专家) came up with a plan to give food to the manatees.”以及通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了海牛所面临的问题是因为没有足够的海草而导致饥饿，同时介绍了政府制定了给海牛喂食的计划，因此选项A“海牛喂养计划”为最佳标题。故选A。
9．C 10．B 11．D 12．A 13．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了人们越来越担心环境问题，很多人倾向于选择环保产品，这种需求使大公司改变了业务，纷纷生产绿色环保的产品。
9．词义猜测题。根据第二段“Before, customers used cheap plastic (塑料) bags, and then threw them away.”可知，them指上文提到的cheap plastic bags，故选C。
10．细节理解题。根据第四段“Many companies are also developing fully electric cars. They produce no air pollution at all. Both kinds of cars have another advantage: They are cheaper to run and people don’t need to worry about oil prices.”可知，电动汽车的优点是它们不会造成空气污染和运行成本低，故选B。
11．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Many products are marked ‘green’ in order to look nice. However, people still have to be careful when choosing green products.”可知，有些商家在商品上标注“环保”标识只是为了使商品看起来好，实际上不一定是“环保”产品，所以人们要谨慎选择绿色产品，故选D。
12．篇章结构题。根据“This need for green products has led large companies to change their business.”可知，第一段总领全文，引出话题，为第一部分；第二、三、四段分别介绍了一些公司为了保护环境而生产的绿色环保产品，为第二部分；最后一段根据“Green businesses used to be popular with only a small group of people. But now, more and more companies have to show they care about the environment.”可知，是在总结全文。故选A。
13．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了人们越来越担心环境问题，很多人倾向于选择环保产品，这种需求使大公司改变了业务，纷纷生产绿色环保的产品，所以选项C“绿色环保是好生意”是最佳标题，故选C。
14．D 15．B 16．D 17．C
【导语】本文主要讲2022年北京冬奥会十个花坛使用的是花园废弃物制成，体现了绿色奥运精神，作者也号召我们要充分的利用日常生活中的废弃物。
14．细节理解题。根据“To our surprise, all of these were made from garden waste.”可知十个花坛特殊之处是使用了花园垃圾，比较环保。故是材料特殊，故选D。
15．细节理解题。根据“The five Olympic rings and the snowflake shape were at the bottom of the flower bed.”可知奥运五环和雪花片形状在花坛底部。故选B。
16．推理判断题。根据“As waste is considered as a resource that is put in a wrong place, the designers made the waste in the right place for the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic Games. Besides, thrift（节俭）and hard work are the tradition of the Chinese nation. We also should save energy and make good use of waste in our daily life.”（由于垃圾被认为是一种资源，被放在了错误的地方，设计师们在2022年北京冬奥会上把垃圾放在了正确的地方。此外，节俭和努力工作是中华民族的传统。我们也应该节约能源，在我们的日常生活中充分利用废物。）可推断作者用“骄傲”的语调写的这篇文章，故选D。
17．篇章结构题。第一段是引入话题，提出本文主旨，二三段是细说花坛和绿色奥运，最后一段总结。故选C。
18．A 19．D 20．C 21．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了海南热带雨林国家公园及其动植物的多样性。
18．主旨大意题。根据第三段可知，国家公园占地4269平方公里，占全岛面积的七分之一。公园95%以上是原始森林，是3653种维管植物和540种陆生脊椎动物的家园。这是对国家公园的介绍。故选A。
19．细节理解题。根据第四段“The park is the only habitat of the world’s most endangered primate—the Hainan gibbon”可知，该公园是世界上最濒危的灵长类动物海南长臂猿的唯一栖息地。故选D。
20．推理判断题。根据第五段“But in Hainan, cycas hainanensis plants over 10 years old blossom and bear fruit almost every year, thanks to the warm and humid weather.”可知，但在海南，由于天气温暖潮湿，10年以上的海南苏铁几乎每年都会开花结果，说明苏铁在温暖潮湿的气候中生长的更好。故选C。
21．推理判断题。通过全文和“It is comparable to the Amazon rainforest in Brazil.”可知，主要介绍了海南热带雨林国家公园，其动植物的多样性可与巴西的亚马逊雨林相媲美。由此可知在保护热带雨林方面，中国做得很好。故选C。
22．C 23．D 24．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，分别介绍了Dyson公司研发的带有口罩的降噪耳机、联合国通过决议支持自行车作为应对气候变化工具、以及中国国家林业和草原管理局发布的2021年中国绿化计划报告，涉及到空气和声音污染、碳排放、草原改良和森林种植等主题。
22．主旨大意题。本文分别介绍了Dyson公司研发的带有口罩的降噪耳机、联合国通过决议支持自行车作为应对气候变化工具、以及中国国家林业和草原管理局发布的2021年中国绿化计划报告，都与环境有关，故选C。
23．细节理解题。根据“The product(产品) is designed to fight against air and sound pollution.”可知，该产品旨在对抗空气和声音污染。故选D。
24．最佳标题题。根据“Choosing the two-wheeled(两轮的) over a car just once a day can reduce a person’ s transportation carbon emissions(排放) by 67 percent, according to a University of Oxford study.”可知，第二段主要介绍了联合国通过决议支持自行车作为应对气候变化工具，所以最佳标题是“两轮解决方案”，故选A。
25．D 26．D 27．C 28．C 29．A
【导语】本文主要讲述了几千年来英国本土环境的变化以及“重新荒野化”行动。
25．细节理解题。根据“There were less than four million people.”可知，人口不到400万，故选D。
26．细节理解题。根据“new methods of farming mean that there are fewer birds and small animals living in fields than ever before”可知，因为人们使用新的耕作方法，所以鸟和小动物更少了，故选D。
27．推理判断题。根据第三段“They suggest bringing back the trees and animals that have been lost and allowing them to grow freely. They call this ‘rewilding’.”可知，此段提到了“没有在英国生活过的大型野生动物返回并在野外生活”，所以是第三段给出了支持者的意见，故选C。
28．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Some people ask if wolves will attack sheep or even humans. They are also angry that rewilding might mean an end to walking in the hills which so many people enjoy.”可知，狼群攻击羊群甚至是人类，人们可能要结束在山上行走这项活动，这些都是大型野生动物回归以后可能造成的后果，所以一些人反对帮助大型野生动物回归，故选C。
29．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，本文围绕“重新荒野化”展开描述，所以适合本文的标题是“Making Britain wild again”，故选A。
30．C 31．D 32．B 33．A
【导语】本文通过实验介绍了关于空气污染对传递花粉的昆虫的影响，由于空气污染，这些昆虫会闻不到花朵的气味。
30．细节理解题。根据“They can’t smell flowers because of the pollution.”可知空气污染会使昆虫闻不到花的味道，因而影响花粉的传播。选项C符合。故选C。
31．推理判断题。根据“To do their study, Ryalls’ team built eight areas. Then, they piped(吹送) nitrogen oxide(氧化氮) and ozone(臭氧) into six of these areas. The other two areas had normal air. They were the control group.”可知研究团队组建了8个区域，在6个区域中吹送氧化氮以及臭氧，另外两个作为对照组是普通的空气，因此科学家是通过比较的方式来研究，选项D符合。故选D。
32．推理判断题。根据“Maybe the most terrible thing is that the researchers created pollution levels that were legal(合法的) in the UK...because they show that “safe” levels of pollution keep pollinators away.”可知在英国创造合法的污染等级是最糟糕的事情，因为所谓的安全等级也会使传花粉者远离。选项B符合。故选B。
33．细节理解题。根据“Their study found that air pollution is harmful(有害的) to pollinators(传花粉者)—insects like bees and butterflies. They can’t smell flowers because of the pollution.”可知研究发现空气污染对传花粉的昆虫是有害的，有污染就闻不到花的味道，因此该实验主要是关于传花粉的昆虫受空气污染的影响。故选A。
34．C 35．B 36．D 37．D 38．B
【导语】本文通过实验介绍了关于空气污染对传递花粉的昆虫的影响。
34．细节理解题。根据“Their study found that air pollution is harmful to pollinators(传花粉者)—insects like bees and butterflies. They can’t smell flowers because of the pollution.”他们的研究发现，空气污染对传粉昆虫有害——像是蜜蜂和蝴蝶。由于污染，他们闻不到花香。可知由于空气污染，它们会闻不到花香。故选C。
35．细节理解题。根据“To do their study, Ryalls’s team built eight farm areas.”为了进行研究，Ryalls的团队建造了八个农场。可知Ryalls的团队在农场做研究。故选B。
36．细节理解题。根据“In such conditions, 70 percent insects didn’t enter the six areas. If they were there, they didn’t hang around(活动). And visits to flowers dropped by 90 percent.”在这样的条件下，70%的昆虫没有进入这六个区域。如果他们在那里，他们就不会逗留，参观鲜花的次数减少了90%。可知在有空气污染的六个区域里，这些昆虫参观鲜花的次数变少了。故选D。
37．词义猜测题。根据“Scientists said that nitrogen oxide and ozone can break down the scents(气味) of flowers. This makes it hard for insects to find their food.”科学家认为氧化氮和臭氧会让昆虫找到食物变得困难，可知氧化氮和臭氧会改变花的气味，故推测break down应是“分解”的意思。故选D。
38．推理判断题。根据“Shannon Olsson, a scientist in India, called the results ‘important’ because they show that ‘safe’ levels of pollution keep pollinators away.”印度科学家Shannon Olsson称这些结果“很重要”，因为它们表明“安全”的污染水平使传粉昆虫远离。可推测出即使是“安全”的水平也会影响这些传花粉者。故选B。
单元话题阅读理解练习
（22-23八年级下·江苏淮安·期中）More than 1000 different kinds of pieces of plastic, including 115 cups, 25 bags, four bottles and two pairs of shoes, have been found inside a dead whale (鲸鱼) in Indonesia, according to the local officials.
“When the whale was found on the island, it was already decomposing when animal doctors arrived. So they were unable to be sure if the plastic caused its death.’’ said Lukas, the leader of the World Wildlife Fund in Indonesia. “The plastic weighed about 6 kilograms, or 13 pounds.’’ he said.
But pictures of the dead whale caused a warm discussion. The people in the country have started to realize that it is because of using too much plastic. The government has also realized this. Indonesia, a nation of about 260 million people was the world’s second-biggest producer of plastic waste in 2018, behind only China.
“If the whales eat too much plastic, they will have a wrong feeling. They think that they are full. And that will lead them to eat less food that provides all the good things they need.’’ said Nicholas who is the leader of the Ocean Conservancy. “Moreover, eating too much plastic can make them reduce their weight, their energy and slow down their swimming. As a result, whales are easier to be hurt by the sharks and many other dangerous animals in the sea.’’
More than 800 kinds of animals in the sea are affected by about 8.8 million tons of plastic which is thrown away freely in the ocean each year. Plastic can also stop the animals moving freely and sometimes they will cause them to die because they have to be under the water for too long. Some plastic can make a small hole in their stomachs after they eat it.
1．What does the underlined word “decomposing’’ in Paragraph 2 mean
A．腐烂 B．吸收 C．凝固 D．飘散
2．Which country produced most plastic waste in 2018
A．India. B．China. C．Indonesia. D．America.
3．What happens to the whales after eating too much plastic
A．They will feel hungry. B．They will die at once.
C．They will eat less healthy food. D．They will attack sharks actively.
4．According to the passage, what can we infer (推断)
A．Pictures of the dead whale caught few people’s attention.
B．People kill whales because they are dangerous animals.
C．Plastic can stop sea animals moving freely, even cause them to die.
D．Indonesia government will take action to stop the sea pollution.
（22-23八年级下·江苏无锡·期中）
About 1,101 manatees died in Florida last year, many from hunger. So last December, government wildlife experts (专家) came up with a plan to give food to the manatees. They decided to feed them green vegetables like lettuce and cabbage. Ron Mezich, an expert, said, “We’re making a difference.” So far, they have served up more than 193,000 pounds of lettuce to hungry manatees.
Manatees are huge sea animals that only eat sea grass and other plants that live in the sea. That’s one reason why they’re sometimes called “sea cows”.
Since 1967, Florida’s manatees have been on the US government’s list of endangered animals. Most dangers to manatees come from humans. One of the biggest problems facing the animals are boats. Thousands of manatees were hit or killed by boats. At one point, there were only about 2,000 manatees left in Florida. With protection, the number increased. In 2016, there were more than 6,000 manatees.
However, as sea grass began to disappear, the number of manatees keeps going down again. Warming seas with polluted water have created huge growths of algae (藻) on the ocean’s surface. The algae blocks the sunlight that allows the sea grass to grow. In Indian River Lagoon, where manatees often go in the winter, about 90% of the sea grass beds there have died off. Florida will work to help restore (恢复) sea grass beds. But that will take time. Scientists still worry that hundreds more manatees could starve this winter.
5．How has the number of manatees changed over years
A． B． C． D．
6．Which shows the correct order of the reasons for manatees’ death
A．sea pollution → growth of algae → death of sea grass → death of manatees
B．growth of algae → sea pollution → death of sea grass → death of manatees
C．sea pollution → death of sea grass→ growth of algae → death of manatees
D．growth of algae → death of sea grass→ sea pollution → death of manatees
7．What is the meaning of the underlined word “starve”
A．to be hit by boats B．to eat up sea grass
C．to die from hunger D．to lose swimming ability
8．Which is the best title for this passage
A．Manatees Feeding Program B．Money Given to Save Manatees
C．Sea Grass Beds Restored for Manatees D．Reasons for Manatees’ Death Still Unclear
（2024·湖北·一模）Around the world, people are more and more worried about the environment. Many people now prefer products and companies (公司) that care about the earth and cause less pollution. This need for green products has led large companies to change their business.
Before, customers used cheap plastic (塑料) bags, and then threw them away. But now most supermarkets and stores usually provide reusable shopping bags for them. This causes less waste. They also offer more local products, because less energy is needed for carrying them from one place to another.
To help lower air pollution, big car factories are looking for other ways to control the amount of oil. Cars that use much less oil are very popular. Many companies are also developing fully electric cars. They produce no air pollution at all. Both kinds of cars have another advantage: They are cheaper to run and people don’t need to worry about oil prices.
The airline companies face an even greater green challenge. Airplanes use much more oil than cars. So many airlines are now developing planes that can run on some other kinds of oil. They create less pollution and cost less. The companies are also developing a new kind of planes, and some of them use only solar panels (太阳能板) to fly!
Green businesses used to be popular with only a small group of people. But now, more and more companies have to show they care about the environment. Many products are marked “green” in order to look nice. However, people still have to be careful when choosing green products. It’s important to make sure the products are as environmentally friendly as the businessmen say.
9．What does the word “them” in Paragraph 2 refer to
A．Local products. B．Green products. C．Cheap plastic bags. D．Reusable shopping bags.
10．What are the advantages of electric cars according to the passage
a. Using cheap oil. b. Making little noise.
c. Running at low costs. d. Producing no air pollution.
A．a and b B．c and d C．b and c D．a and d
11．The last sentence of the passage is written to ________.
A．show the green products are healthy
B．encourage people to buy green products
C．explain the importance of the environment
D．tell people to choose green products carefully
12．Which is the right structure of the passage
(①＝Paragraph 1 ②＝Paragraph 2, ...)
A． B． C． D．
13．What’s the best title for the passage
A．Green Is Cheaper B．Green Saves the Earth C．Green Is Good Business D．Green Makes Life Easier
（22-23八年级下·江苏扬州·期末）During the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic Games, there were 10 flower beds（花坛）. One of the high-lights（亮点）of these flower beds was to make good use of garden waste.
One of them was in Tian’anmen Square. Its topic was “Wonderful Winter Olympics”. The five Olympic rings and the snowflake shape were at the bottom of the flower bed. To our surprise, all of these were made from garden waste. This could not only save resources but also bring people more beauty. It was generally praised by the public.
Green Olympics is one of the four main ideas of Beijing Winter Olympics. It took more than six years to prepare for the Games. In this process, the designers put the idea of green Olympics into every part. They integrated（融合）green Olympics with the city and its surroundings（环境）. Green Olympics can not only make good use of waste and protect the environment, but also be good for the future development of the city, There’s no doubt that the Winter Olympics theme flower beds, which showed the “simple, safe and wonderful” requirements for the competition, added points to the unique charm（独特魅力）of the “City of the Two Olympics”.
As waste is considered as a resource that is put in a wrong place, the designers made the waste in the right place for the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic Games. Besides, thrift（节俭）and hard work are the tradition of the Chinese nation. We also should save energy and make good use of waste in our daily life.
14．What is special about the flower beds
A．The size. B．The number. C．The space. D．The material.
15．What is at the bottom of the flower bed in Tian’anmen Square
①Bing Dwen Dwen ②The snowflake shape ③The Olympic flag ④The five Olympic rings
A．①② B．②④ C．③④ D．①③
16．What tone（语气）does the writer use to write this passage
A．Boring. B．Surprising. C．Serious. D．Proud.
17．Which of the following shows the structure（结构）of the passage
（①=Paragraph 1（第一段）, ②=Paragraph 2…）
A． B． C． D．
（21-22八年级下·江苏南通·期末）Sunshine, beaches and coconuts (椰子)—these are why people usually go to Hainan. But more than a paradise (天堂) for travelers and foodies, it’s also a wonderland of plants and animals.
Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park, in the south-central part of Hainan Island, has the most and well-kept tropical rainforests (热带雨林) in China. President Xi Jinping visited it in April.
The national park covers 4,269 square kilometers, or one-seventh of the island. More than 95 percent of the park is virgin (原始状态的) forest and is home to 3,653 species of vascular plants (维管植物) and 540 species of terrestrial vertebrates (陆生脊椎动物).
The park is the only habitat (栖息地) of the world’s most endangered primate (灵长类动物)—the Hainan gibbon (长臂猿). It’s an uncommon species (种类). They look like monkeys, but have no tails. They live in the trees their whole lifetimes. Every morning, they whistle loudly to mark their territory (领地). They eat fruits and leaves from more than 130 plants. The number of Hainan gibbons has increased from fewer than 10 in the 1980 s to 36 in 2022. This shows China’s achievements in environmental protection.
Not just a sweet home to animals, the park is a “live museum” of amazing plants. More than 400 kinds of plants grow only in Hainan. Cycas hainanensis (海南苏铁) is a wild plant native to the island. With feather-like leaves, this plant can live to be 200 years old. If it lives in the Yangtze River Basin and North China, it grows almost without flowers or fruit. But in Hainan, cycas hainanensis plants over 10 years old blossom (开花) and bear fruit almost every year, thanks to the warm and humid (湿润的) weather.
With so many plants and animals, the biodiversity index (生物多样性指数) of the park—a number to rate species diversity—is as high as 6.28. It is comparable (可比较的) to the Amazon rainforest in Brazil. That’s why people call the park a treasure for both China and the world.
18．Paragraph 3 is mainly about ________.
A．an introduction to the park B．the views of the park
C．the news of the park’s opening D．details of rare plants and animals
19．What do we know about the Hainan gibbon
A．It is a monkey without a tail. B．Its voice sounds like a crying baby.
C．It lives on plants and birds. D．It is a species only found in Hainan.
20．From the story, we can infer (推断) that cycas hainanensis ________.
A．never blossoms and bears fruit B．can only live for 10 years in Hainan
C．lives better in warm and humid weather D．first blossoms when it is 10 years old.
21．Which of the following may be the writer’s opinion
A．We must start to do something for rare species.
B．Human activities will do harm to the rainforest.
C．China has done a great job in protecting the rainforest.
D．We should compare our rainforest with the Amazon rainforest.
（22-23八年级下·江苏扬州·阶段练习）
High-tech pollution protection Technology company Dyson has invented headphones with a mask to help people avoid polluted air. Called the Dyson Zone, it connects(连接) noise-canceling(消除) headphones with a mask that sits just in front of the nose and mouth, providing users with cleaned air. The product(产品) is designed to fight against air and sound pollution.
___________ On March 15, the UN General Assembly passed a resolution(决议) supporting bicycles as a tool for dealing with climate(气候) change. It calls on member countries to add bicycles to public transportation and encourages them to care about bicycle-sharing services(服务). The UN said transportation is the third-largest causes of carbon dioxide (CO2) , a greenhouse gas that causes global warming. Choosing the two-wheeled(两轮的) over a car just once a day can reduce a person’ s transportation carbon emissions(排放) by 67 percent, according to a University of Oxford study.
Planting forests for the future China’ s National Forestry and Grassland Administration of forest in 2021 brought out a report on March 11, showing China’ s land-greening plan in 2021. According to the report, 3 million hectares (公顷) of Chinese grassland were improved through grass planting, and 23, 900 hectares of farmland were changed into grassland. As much as 1. 44 million hectares of land were saved from becoming desert.
22．The news above is all about ________.
A．invention B．laws C．environment D．Achievements(成就)
23．The idea of the Dyson Zone is to ________.
A．introduce a new invention B．show how clever Dyson is
C．provide users with more air D．protect people from pollution
24．The best heading (标题) for the second news would be ________.
A．Two-wheeled Solution (解决方法) B．An Environmentally-friendly (环保的) Bicycle
C．Serious Climate Change D．Cars vs Bicycles
（22-23八年级下·江苏无锡·阶段练习）Two thousand years ago, Britain was covered by thick forests, home to many animals like wolves, bears, many different kinds of deer and large wild cows, but now they no longer live in the UK. There were less than four million people. They lived in small villages. Wooden walls protected them from the animals outside.
All these have changed, of course. Now the population(人口) of the UK has increased(增加) to about seventy million. Three-quarters of Britain is covered with fields, towns or cities. Although(虽然) 25 per cent of land is countryside, new methods of farming mean that there are fewer birds and small animals living in fields than ever before.
Only a few countries in the world do not have a large wild animal that eats meat. The UK is one of them. Some people would like to change things, however! Some organizations and writers say that Britain needs to become more natural again. They suggest bringing back the trees and animals that have been lost and allowing them to grow freely. They call this “rewilding”.
Not everyone agrees. In the last twenty years, over one million trees which at first grew in Scotland have been planted and there are plans for more-but wild animals Some people ask if wolves will attack sheep or even humans. They are also angry that rewilding might mean an end to walking in the hills which so many people enjoy. So far there are no wolves or bears in Britain’s forests-but soon there might be!
25．What was the population of the UK two thousand years ago
A．About 25 million. B．About 70 million.
C．More than 61 million. D．Not more than four million.
26．Why are there fewer birds and small animals in fields in the UK
A．Because people don’t plant trees. B．Because there are more large wild animals.
C．Because pollution is much worse than before. D．Because people use new methods of farming.
27．Which paragraph gives opinions from “rewilding” supporters
A．Paragraph 1. B．Paragraph 2. C．Paragraph 3. D．Paragraph 4.
28．What are some people against
A．Living closer to nature. B．Planting more and more trees.
C．Helping large wild animals return. D．Building more villages and towns.
29．Which is the best title for the passage
A．Making Britain wild again B．Protecting wild animals
C．A brief introduction to Britain D．A visit to Britain’s wildlife reserves
（22-23八年级下·江苏无锡·阶段练习）When the air is polluted we wear masks to protect our lungs(肺). What about bees and butterflies They can’t wear masks.
New Scientist magazine recently reported findings from James Ryalls and his team at the University of Reading, UK. Their study found that air pollution is harmful(有害的) to pollinators(传花粉者)—insects like bees and butterflies. They can’t smell flowers because of the pollution.
Pollinators are important. They spread pollen(花粉) among plants with flowers. This helps the flower produce seed and fruit. Without pollinators, farms cannot make food. We all need pollinators.
To do their study, Ryalls’ team built eight areas. Then, they piped(吹送) nitrogen oxide(氧化氮) and ozone(臭氧) into six of these areas. The other two areas had normal air. They were the control group.
“The results were much more severe(严重的) than we thought,” said Ryalls. The levels of pollution in their tests were similar to “normal road traffic”. In such conditions, 70 percent fewer insects entered the area. Once they were there, they didn’t hang around. Visits to flowers decreased by up to 90 percent.
Scientists explained that gases like nitrogen oxide and ozone can break down the scents(气味) of flowers. This makes it hard for insects to find their food.
Maybe the most terrible thing is that the researchers created pollution levels that were legal(合法的) in the UK. Shannon Olsson, a scientist in India, called the results “important” because they show that “safe” levels of pollution keep pollinators away.
“Air pollution is another stress on insects,” said Ryalls. “That adds to all the other stresses causing their numbers to decline(减少).”
30．What problem may air pollution cause to pollinators
A．They may have less food to eat.
B．They may eat more fruit and vegetables.
C．They can’t smell flowers, so they spread(传播) less pollen.
D．They may stop flowers giving out scents.
31．How did the scientists do the research
A．They recorded(记录) insects’ activities on farms next to busy roads.
B．They brought clean air to places with severe air pollution.
C．They piped nitrogen oxide and ozone into eight areas.
D．They compared(比较) insect behavior in areas with polluted air and normal air.
32．What does Paragraph 7 show
A．Pollinators will only work in a “safe” environment.
B．Even “safe” levels of pollution influence(影响) pollinators badly.
C．The law will have less control over air pollution.
D．An environment that is safe for insects is not safe for humans.
33．What is the experiment in the passage mainly about
A．The influence of air pollution on pollinating insects.
B．Different levels of air pollution in the UK.
C．Stresses that insects are facing.
D．Causes of air pollution in big cities.
（21-22八年级下·江苏淮安·期中）When the air is polluted, we can wear masks(口罩) to protect ourselves. What about bees and butterflies They can’t wear masks.
News Scientist magazine showed some findings from James Ryalls and his team at the University of Reading, UK. Their study found that air pollution is harmful to pollinators(传花粉者)—insects like bees and butterflies. They can’t smell flowers because of the pollution.
Pollinators are important, as they spread pollen(传播花粉) among plants with flowers. This helps the flowers grow into fruit. Without pollinators, farms cannot make food. We all need pollinators.
To do their study, Ryalls’s team built eight farm areas. Then, they put nitrogen oxide(氧化氮) and ozone(臭氧) into six of these areas. The other two areas had normal(正常的) air.
“The results were much more serious than we thought,” said Ryalls. The levels of pollution in the six areas were just like those of normal traffic on the road. In such conditions, 70 percent insects didn’t enter the six areas. If they were there, they didn’t hang around(活动). And visits to flowers dropped by 90 percent.
Scientists said that nitrogen oxide and ozone can break down the scents(气味) of flowers. This makes it hard for insects to find their food.
Maybe the most terrible thing is that the levels of pollution that affect(影响) pollinators are legal(合法的) in the UK. Shannon Olsson, a scientist in India, called the results “important” because they show that “safe” levels of pollution keep pollinators away.
34．What may happen to bees and butterflies because of the air pollution
A．They have nothing to eat. B．They get lost easily.
C．They can’t smell flowers. D．They all die of it.
35．Where did Ryalls’s team do their study
A．In a garden. B．In farm areas. C．In mountain areas. D．In a house.
36．What happened to pollinators in the six areas with air pollution
A．They found food quickly. B．They could not find each other.
C．They hung around more often. D．They visited flowers less.
37．What does the underlined phrase “break down” mean in the passage
A．厌恶 B．变化 C．产生 D．分解
38．What can we learn from Paragraph 7
A．Pollinators only work in a “safe” environment.
B．Even “safe” levels of pollution affect pollinators.
C．The laws in the UK can’t stop air pollution.
D．The environment now is not safe for humans.
参考答案：
1．A 2．B 3．C 4．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章介绍了塑料垃圾对海洋生物造成的恶劣影响，让我们意识到保护海洋环境的重要性。
1．词义猜测题。根据第二段“When the whale was found on the island, it was already decomposing when animal doctors arrived. So they were unable to be sure if the plastic caused its death.”可知，当鲸鱼被发现时，已经腐烂了，所以动物医生无法确定是否是塑料造成它的死亡。故推知decomposing的含义为“腐烂”。故选A。
2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Indonesia, a nation of about 260 million people was the world’s second-biggest producer of plastic waste in 2018, behind only China.”可知，2018年，中国是世界上最大的塑料垃圾生产国。故选B。
3．细节理解题。根据第四段“If the whales eat too much plastic, they will have a wrong feeling. They think that they are full. And that will lead them to eat less food that provides all the good things they need,”可知，鲸鱼吃了太多塑料后会产生错觉，它们会认为自己饱了，从而使它们吃更少的可以给它们提供养分的食物。故选C。
4．推理判断题。根据第三段“The people in the country have started to realize that it is because of using too much plastic. The government has also realized this.”可知，印度尼西亚的人民和政府已经意识到问题。故推知接下来会采取行动阻止海洋污染。故选D。
5．B 6．A 7．C 8．A
【导语】本文主要介绍了海牛所面临的问题是饥饿，同时介绍了政府制定了给海牛喂食的计划。
5．细节理解题。根据“Since 1967, Florida’s manatees have been on the US government’s list of endangered animals.”和“With protection, the number increased. In 2016, there were more than 6,000 manatees.”可知，1967年海牛的数量是比较低的，在政府的保护下，2016年数量有所增长，结合“However, as sea grass began to disappear, the number of manatees keeps going down again.”可知，现在又因为海草的问题，海牛的数量又下降了，B选项符合。故选B。
6．细节理解题。根据“Warming seas with polluted water have created huge growths of algae (藻) on the ocean’s surface. The algae blocks the sunlight that allows the sea grass to grow.”可知，海水污染导致了海藻生长，这挡住了海草生长所需要的阳光；根据“However, as sea grass began to disappear, the number of manatees keeps going down again.”可知，海草减少了，那么海牛也会消失，因此选项A的顺序正确。故选A。
7．词句猜测题。根据“Scientists still worry that hundreds more manatees could starve this winter.”及前文描述可知，海草因为污染导致数量减少，而以海草为生的海牛可能会因为挨饿而死亡，所以starve与to die from hunger同义。故选C。
8．最佳标题题。根据“About 1,101 manatees died in Florida last year, many from hunger. So last December, government wildlife experts (专家) came up with a plan to give food to the manatees.”以及通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了海牛所面临的问题是因为没有足够的海草而导致饥饿，同时介绍了政府制定了给海牛喂食的计划，因此选项A“海牛喂养计划”为最佳标题。故选A。
9．C 10．B 11．D 12．A 13．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了人们越来越担心环境问题，很多人倾向于选择环保产品，这种需求使大公司改变了业务，纷纷生产绿色环保的产品。
9．词义猜测题。根据第二段“Before, customers used cheap plastic (塑料) bags, and then threw them away.”可知，them指上文提到的cheap plastic bags，故选C。
10．细节理解题。根据第四段“Many companies are also developing fully electric cars. They produce no air pollution at all. Both kinds of cars have another advantage: They are cheaper to run and people don’t need to worry about oil prices.”可知，电动汽车的优点是它们不会造成空气污染和运行成本低，故选B。
11．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Many products are marked ‘green’ in order to look nice. However, people still have to be careful when choosing green products.”可知，有些商家在商品上标注“环保”标识只是为了使商品看起来好，实际上不一定是“环保”产品，所以人们要谨慎选择绿色产品，故选D。
12．篇章结构题。根据“This need for green products has led large companies to change their business.”可知，第一段总领全文，引出话题，为第一部分；第二、三、四段分别介绍了一些公司为了保护环境而生产的绿色环保产品，为第二部分；最后一段根据“Green businesses used to be popular with only a small group of people. But now, more and more companies have to show they care about the environment.”可知，是在总结全文。故选A。
13．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了人们越来越担心环境问题，很多人倾向于选择环保产品，这种需求使大公司改变了业务，纷纷生产绿色环保的产品，所以选项C“绿色环保是好生意”是最佳标题，故选C。
14．D 15．B 16．D 17．C
【导语】本文主要讲2022年北京冬奥会十个花坛使用的是花园废弃物制成，体现了绿色奥运精神，作者也号召我们要充分的利用日常生活中的废弃物。
14．细节理解题。根据“To our surprise, all of these were made from garden waste.”可知十个花坛特殊之处是使用了花园垃圾，比较环保。故是材料特殊，故选D。
15．细节理解题。根据“The five Olympic rings and the snowflake shape were at the bottom of the flower bed.”可知奥运五环和雪花片形状在花坛底部。故选B。
16．推理判断题。根据“As waste is considered as a resource that is put in a wrong place, the designers made the waste in the right place for the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic Games. Besides, thrift（节俭）and hard work are the tradition of the Chinese nation. We also should save energy and make good use of waste in our daily life.”（由于垃圾被认为是一种资源，被放在了错误的地方，设计师们在2022年北京冬奥会上把垃圾放在了正确的地方。此外，节俭和努力工作是中华民族的传统。我们也应该节约能源，在我们的日常生活中充分利用废物。）可推断作者用“骄傲”的语调写的这篇文章，故选D。
17．篇章结构题。第一段是引入话题，提出本文主旨，二三段是细说花坛和绿色奥运，最后一段总结。故选C。
18．A 19．D 20．C 21．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了海南热带雨林国家公园及其动植物的多样性。
18．主旨大意题。根据第三段可知，国家公园占地4269平方公里，占全岛面积的七分之一。公园95%以上是原始森林，是3653种维管植物和540种陆生脊椎动物的家园。这是对国家公园的介绍。故选A。
19．细节理解题。根据第四段“The park is the only habitat of the world’s most endangered primate—the Hainan gibbon”可知，该公园是世界上最濒危的灵长类动物海南长臂猿的唯一栖息地。故选D。
20．推理判断题。根据第五段“But in Hainan, cycas hainanensis plants over 10 years old blossom and bear fruit almost every year, thanks to the warm and humid weather.”可知，但在海南，由于天气温暖潮湿，10年以上的海南苏铁几乎每年都会开花结果，说明苏铁在温暖潮湿的气候中生长的更好。故选C。
21．推理判断题。通过全文和“It is comparable to the Amazon rainforest in Brazil.”可知，主要介绍了海南热带雨林国家公园，其动植物的多样性可与巴西的亚马逊雨林相媲美。由此可知在保护热带雨林方面，中国做得很好。故选C。
22．C 23．D 24．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，分别介绍了Dyson公司研发的带有口罩的降噪耳机、联合国通过决议支持自行车作为应对气候变化工具、以及中国国家林业和草原管理局发布的2021年中国绿化计划报告，涉及到空气和声音污染、碳排放、草原改良和森林种植等主题。
22．主旨大意题。本文分别介绍了Dyson公司研发的带有口罩的降噪耳机、联合国通过决议支持自行车作为应对气候变化工具、以及中国国家林业和草原管理局发布的2021年中国绿化计划报告，都与环境有关，故选C。
23．细节理解题。根据“The product(产品) is designed to fight against air and sound pollution.”可知，该产品旨在对抗空气和声音污染。故选D。
24．最佳标题题。根据“Choosing the two-wheeled(两轮的) over a car just once a day can reduce a person’ s transportation carbon emissions(排放) by 67 percent, according to a University of Oxford study.”可知，第二段主要介绍了联合国通过决议支持自行车作为应对气候变化工具，所以最佳标题是“两轮解决方案”，故选A。
25．D 26．D 27．C 28．C 29．A
【导语】本文主要讲述了几千年来英国本土环境的变化以及“重新荒野化”行动。
25．细节理解题。根据“There were less than four million people.”可知，人口不到400万，故选D。
26．细节理解题。根据“new methods of farming mean that there are fewer birds and small animals living in fields than ever before”可知，因为人们使用新的耕作方法，所以鸟和小动物更少了，故选D。
27．推理判断题。根据第三段“They suggest bringing back the trees and animals that have been lost and allowing them to grow freely. They call this ‘rewilding’.”可知，此段提到了“没有在英国生活过的大型野生动物返回并在野外生活”，所以是第三段给出了支持者的意见，故选C。
28．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Some people ask if wolves will attack sheep or even humans. They are also angry that rewilding might mean an end to walking in the hills which so many people enjoy.”可知，狼群攻击羊群甚至是人类，人们可能要结束在山上行走这项活动，这些都是大型野生动物回归以后可能造成的后果，所以一些人反对帮助大型野生动物回归，故选C。
29．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，本文围绕“重新荒野化”展开描述，所以适合本文的标题是“Making Britain wild again”，故选A。
30．C 31．D 32．B 33．A
【导语】本文通过实验介绍了关于空气污染对传递花粉的昆虫的影响，由于空气污染，这些昆虫会闻不到花朵的气味。
30．细节理解题。根据“They can’t smell flowers because of the pollution.”可知空气污染会使昆虫闻不到花的味道，因而影响花粉的传播。选项C符合。故选C。
31．推理判断题。根据“To do their study, Ryalls’ team built eight areas. Then, they piped(吹送) nitrogen oxide(氧化氮) and ozone(臭氧) into six of these areas. The other two areas had normal air. They were the control group.”可知研究团队组建了8个区域，在6个区域中吹送氧化氮以及臭氧，另外两个作为对照组是普通的空气，因此科学家是通过比较的方式来研究，选项D符合。故选D。
32．推理判断题。根据“Maybe the most terrible thing is that the researchers created pollution levels that were legal(合法的) in the UK...because they show that “safe” levels of pollution keep pollinators away.”可知在英国创造合法的污染等级是最糟糕的事情，因为所谓的安全等级也会使传花粉者远离。选项B符合。故选B。
33．细节理解题。根据“Their study found that air pollution is harmful(有害的) to pollinators(传花粉者)—insects like bees and butterflies. They can’t smell flowers because of the pollution.”可知研究发现空气污染对传花粉的昆虫是有害的，有污染就闻不到花的味道，因此该实验主要是关于传花粉的昆虫受空气污染的影响。故选A。
34．C 35．B 36．D 37．D 38．B
【导语】本文通过实验介绍了关于空气污染对传递花粉的昆虫的影响。
34．细节理解题。根据“Their study found that air pollution is harmful to pollinators(传花粉者)—insects like bees and butterflies. They can’t smell flowers because of the pollution.”他们的研究发现，空气污染对传粉昆虫有害——像是蜜蜂和蝴蝶。由于污染，他们闻不到花香。可知由于空气污染，它们会闻不到花香。故选C。
35．细节理解题。根据“To do their study, Ryalls’s team built eight farm areas.”为了进行研究，Ryalls的团队建造了八个农场。可知Ryalls的团队在农场做研究。故选B。
36．细节理解题。根据“In such conditions, 70 percent insects didn’t enter the six areas. If they were there, they didn’t hang around(活动). And visits to flowers dropped by 90 percent.”在这样的条件下，70%的昆虫没有进入这六个区域。如果他们在那里，他们就不会逗留，参观鲜花的次数减少了90%。可知在有空气污染的六个区域里，这些昆虫参观鲜花的次数变少了。故选D。
37．词义猜测题。根据“Scientists said that nitrogen oxide and ozone can break down the scents(气味) of flowers. This makes it hard for insects to find their food.”科学家认为氧化氮和臭氧会让昆虫找到食物变得困难，可知氧化氮和臭氧会改变花的气味，故推测break down应是“分解”的意思。故选D。
38．推理判断题。根据“Shannon Olsson, a scientist in India, called the results ‘important’ because they show that ‘safe’ levels of pollution keep pollinators away.”印度科学家Shannon Olsson称这些结果“很重要”，因为它们表明“安全”的污染水平使传粉昆虫远离。可推测出即使是“安全”的水平也会影响这些传花粉者。故选B。