人教新课标高考英语一轮复习必修1 Unit 2 English around the world

Ⅰ.重点单词识记
1．native /′neItIv/ adj.本地的；本国的；n.本地人；本国人
2．actually /′ kt li/ adv.实际上；事实上
3．request_ /rI′kwest/ n．& vt.请求；要求
4．apartment / ′pɑ tm nt/ n．公寓；住宅；单元住宅
5．straight /streIt/ adv.直接；挺直；adj.直的；笔直的；正直的
6．command/k ′mɑ nd/ n．& vt.命令；指令；掌握
7．base /beIs/ vt.以……为根据；n.基部；基地；基础→basic adj.基本的；基础的
8．gradual /′ɡr d u l/ adj.逐渐的；逐步的→gradually adv.逐渐地；逐步地
9．latter /′l t / adj.较后的；后半的；(两者中)后者的→latest adj.最新的；最近的→later adv.
后来；adj.后期的→lately adv.近来，最近
10．identity /aI′dent tI/ n．本身；本体；身份→identify vt.认出；鉴定
11．fluent /′flu nt/ adj.流利的；流畅的→fluently adv.流利地；流畅地→fluency n．流利；
流畅
12．frequent /′fri kw nt/ adj.频繁的；常见的→frequently adv.常常；频繁地
13．expression /Ik′spre n/ n．词语；表示；表达→express vt.表达
14．recognize /′rek ɡnaIz/ vt.辨认出；承认；公认→recognition n．认出；认识
Ⅱ.重点短语识记
1．because_of由于，因为
2．come_up走近；上来；提出
3．at_present目前，现在
4．make_use_of利用；使用
5．such_as例如……；像这种的
6．play_a_part_in在……中扮演一个角色；参与……
7．believe_it_or_not信不信由你
8．even_though/if即便，即使
Ⅲ.经典原句默写与背诵
1．Why_not_go by Underground？为什么不坐地铁去呢？
2．Native English speakers can understand each other even_if_they_don’t_speak_the_same kind
of_English.
以英语作为母语的人，即使他们所讲的语言不尽相同，也可以相互理解。
3．Believe it or not，there_is_no_such_thing as standard English.
信不信由你，(世界上)没有什么标准英语。
4．Those_who_reported_the_news were expected to speak excellent English.
播报新闻的人应该说出色的英语。
1．After the war，a new government(govern) was set up for that country.
2．I will give him a present as an expression(express) of gratitude.
3．As the weather gradually(gradual) becomes warmer and warmer，he will pick up soon.
4．As a matter of fact，illness and age changed him beyond recognition(recognize)．
5．This tree looks tall and strong but actually(actual) its trunk is hollow.
6．She received several official(office) letters this morning.
7．His income only meets basic(base) living expenses.
8．The commander(command) and some of the soldiers had been released.
1 base vt.以……为据点(或总部等)；把(总部等)设在(use...as the main place)；以……为基础；n.根基，基底；底座(the lowest part)；根据，出发点；基础
base...on/upon...把……建立在……；以……为根据
be based on/upon以……为根据 基础
basis n.原因，缘由；基准，准则；方式；基础
on the basis of在……基础上
basic adj.基础的；基本的
Actually，teaching is an art based on science.
事实上，教学是一门建立在科学基础上的艺术。
夯实基础
(1)用base的适当形式填空
①You’ll be able to choose a room based on your own personal tastes.
②We’re going to be meeting there on a regular basis.
(2)翻译句子
人们应该总是把观点建立在事实的基础上。
One_should_always_base_his_opinion_on/upon_facts.
2 separate v.把……分开；分隔；adj.分开的；单独的；独立的
separate A from B 把A和B分开
be separated from和……分离
divide...into...把……分成……
They led separate lives.他们各自单独生活。
Vietnam has a separate quarrel with China over its sea borders.
越南与中国也存在海洋边界争议。
特别提醒
separate没有破坏宾语的整体性，只是将宾语分开；divide则破坏了宾语的完整性。
夯实基础
用适当的介词填空
(1)I can separate cream from milk.
(2)The two cities are separated by a highway.
(3)Divide the cake into halves.
3 command v.命令 order ；博得；拥有；指挥 be in charge of ；n.命令；掌握 control ；运用
能力
command sb.to do...命令某人做……
command that... should do...命令……
at one’s command听某人支配
have a good command of 掌握……，精通……
take command of指挥，控制
They help the computer react to commands from the brain.
他们帮助电脑对来自大脑的指令做出反应。
The police arrived and took command of the situation.
警察到达后就控制了局势。
夯实基础
同义句改写
Captain Picard commanded the crew to report the main deck.(改为含有that从句的复合句)
Captain_Picard_commanded_that_the_crew_should_report_the_main_deck.
4 request vt.& n.要求；请求 ask；ask for
request sb.to do...请求某人做某事
request sth.from sb.向某人要求某物
request that... should do...要求……
at one’s request＝at the request of sb.应某人的要求
She had requested that the door to her room be left open.
她要求不要关闭通向她房间的门。
Vietnam made an official request that the meeting be postponed.
越南已经正式请求将会议推迟。
特别提醒
动词request后的宾语从句以及名词request后的表语从句、同位语从句都要用虚拟语气，即谓语动词为(should＋)动词原形。
夯实基础
用所给词的适当形式填空
(1)You are requested not_to_smoke(not，smoke) in the restaurant.
(2)We specially requested that you (should)_be_informed(inform)．
(3)The request is that manuscripts (should)_be_written(write) on one side only.
5 expect v.预料；预计；期望；盼望
expect sb.to do...预料 期望 某人做……
as expected正如所料；不出所料
expectation n.预料；希望，盼望
in expectation of预料
beyond expectations 出乎意料
live up to sb.’s expectations达到理想；符合希望
We were expecting him home again some day.
我们期盼着他某一天再回家。
Don’t expect me to come and visit you there.
别指望我会去那儿看你。
夯实基础
用expect的适当形式填空
(1)After a year，she got a son as expected.
(2)Stephen Chase had determined to live up to the expectations of the Company.
6 recognize v.认识；辨认出 make out ；意识到；承认 admit ；赏识，表彰；向……打招呼
salute to
be recognized as被公认为……
It is recognized that...人们公认……
out of/beyond recognition认不出来
She has changed so much that I can hardly recognize her.
她变化那么大，我几乎认不出来了。
He recognized that he was not qualified for the work.
他认识到自己做这项工作是不够格的。
夯实基础
(1)同义句改写
It is recognized that environmental pollution has become one of the most serious problems
that people face.(用sth.be recognized to...改写句子)
Environmental_pollution_is_recognized_to_have_become_one_of_the_most_serious_proble
ms_that_people_face.
(2)翻译句子
我们都肯定她在舞蹈方面的才华。
We_all_recognized_her_talent_for_dancing.
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．—What are you mailing，Ryan
—A textbook ______ a new method of teaching physics.I want my friends to take a look at it.
A．is based on B．based on
C．basing upon D．which based upon
答案　B
解析　形容词短语based on a new method...作后置定语修饰a textbook。将D 项改为which
is based upon也对。
2．As we joined the big crowd I got ________ from my friends.
A．separated B．spared
C．lost D．missed
答案　A
解析　separate sb.from sb.使某人与某人分离；分开。
3．With a good ________ of both Chinese and English，she had an advantage over the other
interviewees.
A．program B．guidance
C．command D．ability
答案　C
解析　句意为：由于对汉语和英语都掌握得很好，她比其他面试者占优势。a good command
of掌握……，精通……。
4．I’m sorry that I cannot accept your _____ to attend your birthday party，Linda，because
I’m ________ to answer all the customers’ letters tonight by my boss.
A．requirement；required
B．demand；requested
C．request；suggested
D．request；required
答案　D
解析　第一个空格表示邀请或请求，用request。requirement要求物，必需品；demand要
求，不符题意，故排除。C项中的suggest不能用于suggest sb.to do sth.。
5．—Oh，it’s you.I ________ you.
—I’ve just had my hair cut and I’m wearing new glasses.
A．didn’t recognize B．hadn’t recognized
C．haven’t recognized D．don’t recognize
答案　A
解析　从对话的情景来看，说“我没认出你”，是在说话之前发生的事，现在已经认出来
了，故“没认出”是发生在过去的事，用一般过去时。
6．These days strange things happened________in the small village, which caused a panic among
the villagers.
A．frequently B．fluently
C．regularly D．deliberately
答案　A
解析　考查副词辨析。frequently 常常，频繁地，符合句意。fluently 流利地；regularly
有规律地；deliberately故意地。
7．—Do you think it’s a good idea to make friends with your students
—________，I do.I think it’s a great idea.
A．Really B．Obviously
C．Actually D．Generally
答案　C
解析　句意为：——你认为和你的学生交朋友是个好主意吗？——我认为是个好主意。由下句肯定回答可知赞同对方的观点，故用actually。
8．During the flight to the Moon, Chang’e Ⅰ Satellite________adjusts her direction so that she
can go into her programmed orbit and then circle around it at the most appropriate angle.
A．eventually B．gradually
C．constantly D．continuously
答案　B
解析　考查副词词义辨析。句意为：在飞往月球的途中，嫦娥一号卫星逐渐调整她的方向以便能进入预定的轨道并以合适的角度绕其运行。eventually最终；gradually逐渐地；constantly不断地；continuously继续地。
9．His________was so strong that I couldn’t understand a word he was saying.
A．noise B．voice
C．accent D．sound
答案　C
解析　考查名词辨析。句意为：他的口音很浓，他说的话我一个字也听不懂。accent口音，符合句意。noise噪音；voice嗓音；sound声音(泛指各种声音)。
Ⅱ.汉译英
因此我开始认识到同学们的力量，然后让他们在班级里发挥各自的作用。(recognize)
(2011·湖北·短文写作)
Thus_I_began_to_recognize_the_strengths_of_my_classmates_and_have_everyone_do_their_part_in_class.
make use of　come up　the number of　even though such as
1．No new suggestion came_up at the meeting yesterday.
2．Earthquakes are more likely to happen in the cities along the coastlines，such_as Chicago and
Tokyo.
3．The_number_of the people learning English in China is increasing rapidly.
4．I was thinking of how to make_use_of the interesting storybook.
5．He likes to help us even_though he is very busy.
1 come up走近(come over)；上来；发生(happen)；出现(appear)；被提及/讨论(be mentioned)；长出地面，发芽；(太阳、月亮)升起；被提出
come up with提出
come about发生
come across偶然碰到
come along跟着；前来；参加
come out出版；开花；发芽
A question came up at the meeting.
在会上提出了一个问题。
夯实基础
(1)用上述短语的适当形式填空
①The sky was dark blue when the moon came_up.
②I came_across an old school friend in Oxford Street this morning.
③Your most recent book came_out last year.
④Several of the members have come_up_with suggestions of their own.
(2)翻译句子
如果发生什么事，我会告诉你的。
I’ll_let_you_know_if_anything_comes_up.
2 at present ＝at the present time 现在；目前
present adj.存在的；目前的；在场的；v.授予；提出，提交；n.礼物；目前
be present at 出席……
in the presence of sb.＝in one’s presence当着某人的面，在某人面前
present sth.to sb.＝present sb.with sth.向某人赠送某物
make a present of sth.to sb. ＝make sb.a present of sth. 把某物赠送给某人
for the present ＝for the time being 目前；暂时
Wang Hua，our monitor，presented her with the prepared flowers.
班长王华向她献上了准备好的鲜花。(2012·陕西·书面表达)
Besides，there are some presents I bought for my family members and friends；it will be a great
disappointment to me if I can’t find the suitcase.
而且，箱子里面有我为家人和朋友买的礼物，如果找不到它，我会很失望。
(2010·重庆·书面表达)
图解助记
特别提醒
present作前置定语时意为“目前的”；作后置定语时，意为“出席的，在场的”。
夯实基础
用适当的介词填空
(1)The boy was punished in the presence of all his classmates.
(2)Who will be present at the concert
(3)The mayor presented him with a gold medal at an official city reception.
3 make use of利用(use，especially to get an advantage)
make the best/most of充分利用
make full/good use of充分 好好 利用
make no/little use of没有利用
come into use开始使用
bring/put...to use加以使用
It’s/There’s no use doing...做……没用
Last but not least，it’s everyone’s responsibility to make good use of water.
最后但同样重要的是，充分利用水资源是我们每个人的责任。(2010·福建·书面表达)
I usually memorize twenty new words a day and put them to use whenever possible.
我通常每天记20个生词，然后尽可能地使用它们。(2010·江苏·书面表达)
夯实基础
将下列句子变成被动语态
We must make full use of waste materials.
(1)Full_use_must_be_made_of_waste_materials.(use作主语)
(2)Waste_materials_must_be_made_full_use_of.(materials作主语)
4 play a part (in)(在……中)扮演角色；起作用；参与
play a role in在……中扮演角色；起作用
take part in参加
I made several friends with our classmates and often took part in the activities，in which I
improved my communicating skills.
我和几个同学交了朋友并经常参加活动，在活动中我提高了交际能力。
夯实基础
用part短语的适当形式填空
(1)About two hundred college age males took_part_in the study.
(2)Income，education，and occupation all play_a_part/role_in determining a person’s smoking
habit.
Ⅰ.单项填空
1． Li Hua came late not ________ the bus but ________ she was ill.
A．because；because of B．because of；because
C．for；because D．for；because of
答案　B
解析　句意为：李华迟到不是因为公共汽车是因为她生病了。第一空中because of后跟名词the bus；第二空because后跟从句。
2． On seeing his friend coming out of the airport，he ________ and greeted him warmly.
A．came up B．made up
C．took up D．put up
答案　A
解析　句意为：一看到朋友从机场出来，他走上前去热烈欢迎。come up走上前，符合句意。
3． He ________ his view at the conference.
A．presented B．sent
C．recognized D．requested
答案　A
解析　句意为：在会上他提出了他的观点。present提出，符合句意。
4． The money collected should be made good use ________ the people who suffered a lot in this
terrible earthquake.
A．of helping B．to help
C．to helping D．of to help
答案　D
解析　上句正常语序为make good use of the money collected to help the people...。故选
D项。
5． A lot of countries have gained great achievements in space technology，________ China and
India.
A．for example B．that is
C．such as D．in other words
答案　C
解析　由有无标点符号可确定答案为C项。
6． He will never forget the part Wen Zhang ________ in the TV play Snow Leopard.
A．showed B．played
C．had D．worked
答案　B
解析　考查固定短语：play a part in。
Ⅱ.汉译英
1． 你不能选择别人给你的，但你可以选择如何利用别人给你的。(make use of)
(2012·湖北·短文写作)
You_cannot_choose_what_you_are_given,_but_you_can_choose_how_you_make_use_of_it.
2． 真的有很多东西决定我们的未来，比如机会和他人对我们的帮助。(such as)
(2012·浙江·书面表达)
It’s_true_that_our_future_is_determined_by_many_things，such_as_opportunities_and_help
from_others.
3． 事实上，老师在学生的学习和生活中起着尤其重要的作用。(play a part in)
(2012·广东·读写任务)
As_a_matter_of_fact，the_teachers_play_an_extremely_important_part_in_the_study_and_life
of_the_students.
4． 多亏老师的鼓励，我们才能在生活中不断进步。(thanks to)(2012·广东·读写任务)
Thanks_to_our_teachers’_encouragement，we_can_make_continuous_progress_in_life.
1．When do_you_guess(你猜) he will come
2．Even_if_you_explain_to_him(即使你给他解释)，he can’t understand it.
3．She was more_sad_than_angry(与其说生气了还不如说伤心了)．
4．He was admitted to a very famous university.But I have no_such_luck(没有这样的运气)．
5．You may come to my office either_today_or_tomorrow(今天或明天)．
1 Native English speakers can understand each other even if they don’t speak the same kind of English.以英语为母语的人，即使他们所讲的语言不尽相同，也可以相互理解。
1 even if/though即使；尽管，引导让步状语从句，在从句中常用一般现在时代替将来时。在主从句主语相同时也可采用省略句结构。
2 even so即使如此；尽管这样
Even if one makes a mistake，correcting mistakes in time is a good thing.
即使一个人犯了错，及时改正了就是一件好事。
夯实基础
(1)把下列省略句补充完整
He won’t come to our party even if invited.
He won’t come to our party even if he_is_invited.
(2)翻译句子
即使明天天气不好，我也要去那里。
I’ll_go_there_even_if_the_weather_is_bad_tomorrow.
2 It was based more on German than the English we speak at present.当时的英语更多的是
以德语为基础，而我们今天所说的英语不是。
more...than...与其说……，倒不如说……
more than多于；不仅仅；非常；岂止
not more than不多于
no more than仅仅
no＋比较级＋than...前者和后者都不…… 两者的否定
Don’t be too hard on him；he’s more misled than stupid.
不要对他太苛刻，与其说他愚蠢，倒不如说他是被误导了。
夯实基础
同义句改写
(1)He is very happy at the good news.(用more than改写句子)
He_is_more_than_happy_at_the_good_news.
(2)He is no more diligent than you.
Neither of you is/are diligent.
3 Believe it or not，there is no such thing as standard English.信不信由你， 世界上 没有什么标准英语可言。
(1)“no such＋单数名词”意为“没有这样的……”，其中单数名词前不可加冠词，相当于“not such a/an＋单数名词”。
(2) ＋that如此……以致于……，引导结果状语从句
(3)such...as...像……这样的……，as在句中引导定语从句。
We were all deeply moved and proud of having such a responsible teacher.
我们都被深深地感动了，为有这样一位负责的老师而自豪。(2011·北京·情景作文)
夯实基础
(1)同义句改写
He is such a good boy that we all like him.
①He_is_so_good_a_boy_that_we_all_like_him.(用so...that...改写句子)
②Such_a_good_boy_was_he_that_we_all_like_him.(用such...that...结构改为倒装句)
(2)翻译句子
除了彼得没有这样的人能表演得如此完美。
No_such_person_but_Peter_can_perform_so_perfectly.
把下列直接引语变为间接引语
(1)The teacher said to me，“Come in.”
→The teacher told_me_to_go_in.
(2)The teacher said to me，“Don’t be late again.”
→The teacher advised/asked_me_not_to be late again.
(3)The teacher said to me，“Will you please not smoke here？”
→The teacher asked_me_not_to smoke there.
(4)He said，“What a fine day it is！”
→He said what_a_fine_day_it_was.
(5)All the people cried，“What magnificent clothes these are！”
→All the people cried what_magnificent_clothes_those_were.
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．—I did badly in the exam.What about you
—I did ________ you.I got only thirty marks.
A．no better than B．no worse than
C．not better than D．not worse than
答案　A
解析　由I got only thirty marks可知，我考试成绩也不好。no better than＝as badly as，符
合句意。
2．Safety There is ________ thing as safety here now!
A．not such B．no such
C．not a such D．no such a
答案　B
解析　no such＋单数名词＝not such a/an＋单数名词。
3．The boss went up to ask________.
A．what the matter was
B．what’s the matter
C．what was the matter
D．what the matter is
答案　C
解析　从句中的what作主语，was为系动词，the matter是表语，故what is/was the matter？
作宾语时，语序不变。B项时态错误。
4．He won’t change his mind________you go and try to persuade him yourself.
A．since B．until
C．as if D．even if
答案　D
解析　考查even if引导让步状语从句。
Ⅱ.汉译英
我非常高兴帮忙。(more than)(2010·大纲全国Ⅱ·书面表达)
I’d_be_more_than_happy_to_help.
1． He is so busy.He cannot afford enough time with his son________he wants to.(2013·四川，7)
A．even if B．as if
C．because D．before
答案　A
解析　本题考查让步状语从句。句意为：他很忙，即使想抽出足够的时间陪陪儿子也做不到。even if即使；as if好像；because因为；before在……之前。
2． He missed______gold in the high jump, but will get________second chance in the long jump.
(2012·大纲全国Ⅱ，7)
A．the；the B．/；a
C．the；a D．a；/
答案　C
解析　句意为：他在跳高比赛中错失了金牌，但是在跳远比赛中他还有机会。第一个空后的gold为特指一项比赛中唯一的金牌，故用定冠词the。在序数词前的第二个空，若用the，则表示“第二次”，若用a，则表示“再次，还有”之意；此处应取“再次，还有”之意，故第二个空用a。
3． _____an important decision more on emotion than on reason, you will regret it sooner or later.
(2012·江苏，31)
A．Based B．Basing
C．Base D．To base
答案　B
解析　动词base与逻辑主语you之间构成主谓关系，所以用现在分词作状语。故选B项。
4． The school isn’t the one I really wanted to go to，but I suppose I’ll just have to________it.
(2011·浙江，6)
A．make the best of B．get away from
C．keep an eye on D．catch up with
答案　A
解析　句意为：这所学校并不是我真正想去的学校，但是我想我正好要________它。make the best of充分利用；get away from逃离；keep an eye on照看，留神；catch up with赶上。结合句意可知A项合适。
5． —According to my grandma，it is a good idea to eat chicken soup when you have a cold.
—________，scientists agree with her. (2010·浙江，18)
A．Sooner or later B．Once in a while
C．To be exact D．Believe it or not
答案　D
解析　句意为：——根据我奶奶的说法，感冒时喝鸡汤是个好主意。——信不信由你，科学家们与她的看法相同。sooner or later迟早；once in a while时不时地；to be exact确切地说；believe it or not信不信由你。根据上下文可知，believe it or not符合语境。
6． Duty is an act or a course of action that people________you to take by social customs，law or religion. (2010·湖北，27)
A．persuade B．request
C．instruct D．expect
答案　D
解析　句意为：责任就是人们所期望的能够按照社会准则或社会道德要求而采取的行动或行为方式。persuade劝说，说服；request要求，(正式或礼貌地)请求；instruct指示，命令，吩咐，教授；expect希望，认为，预料。四个选项都能构成vt.＋sb.＋to do sth.结构，因此，无法从结构上区分，那么只能从语境和词义的角度去辨别。根据句意判断D项正确。
7． Drunk driving，which was once a________occurrence，is now under control.(2010·福建，32)
A．general B．frequent
C．normal D．particular
答案　B
解析　句意为：醉酒驾驶，过去曾经是一件经常的事，现在被控制住了。general一般的；frequent经常的；normal正常的；particular特别的。根据句意选B。
8． Such poets as Shakespeare________widely read，of whose works，however，some________
difficult to understand. (2010·四川，15)
A．are；are B．is；is
C．are；is D．is；are
答案　A
解析　句意为：一些诗人，像莎士比亚，(其作品)被广泛阅读，然而，其中一些作品是难以理解的。句中of whose works到句末为非限制性定语从句；第一个空的主语是poets，故谓语动词用复数形式；第二个空的主语是some of whose works，谓语动词也要用复数形式。