人教新课标高考英语一轮复习必修2 Unit 4 Wildlife Protection

Ⅰ.重点单词识记
1．powerful /′pa fl/ adj.强大的，有力的
2．income /′Ink m/ n．收入
3．fierce /fI s/ adj.凶猛的，猛烈的
4．incident /′InsId nt/ n．事件；事变
5．appreciate / ′pri ieIt/ vt.鉴赏；感激；意识到→appreciation n．感激；感谢
6．protection /pr ′tek n/ n．保护→protect vt.保护
7．hunt /h nt/ vt.& vi.打猎，猎取；搜寻→hunter n．猎人
8．respond /rI′sp nd/ vi.回答；响应；做出反应→response n．回答；反应
9．distant /′dIst nt/ adj.远的；远处的→distance n．距离；远方
10．relief /rI′li f/ n．(痛苦或忧虑的)减轻或解除；减轻痛苦的事物→relieve vt.使减轻；缓解
11．contain /k n′teIn/ vt.包含；容纳；容忍→container n．容器
12．affect / ′fekt/ vt.影响；感动；侵袭→affection n．喜爱；感情
13．succeed /s k′si d/ vi.成功；vt.接替；继任→success n．成功→successful adj.成功的
14．employ /Im′pl I/ vt.雇用；利用(时间、精力等)→employer n．雇主→employee n．雇员，雇工→employment n．雇用；使用；就业→unemployment n．失业；失业率
15．harm /hɑ m/ n．& vt.损害；危害→harmful adj.有害的→harmless adj.无害的
Ⅱ.重点短语识记
1．so_that以致于；结果
2．die_out灭亡；逐渐消失
3．in_peace和平地；和睦地；安详地
4．in_danger_(of)在危险中；垂危
5．in_relief如释重负；松了口气
6．burst_into_laughter突然笑起来；大声笑了出来
7．protect...from保护……不受……(危害)
8．pay_attention_to注意
9．come_into_being形成；产生
10．according_to按照；根据……所说
Ⅲ.经典原句默写与背诵
1．Please take me to a distant land where_I_can_find_the_animal that gave fur to make this sweater.
请把我带到遥远的国度，在那里我能找到提供皮毛来做毛衣的动物。
2．They lived on the earth tens of millions of years ago，long before_humans_came_into_being...
它们千百万年前就生活在地球上，比人类的出现要早得多……
3．They learned this from the way the_bones_were_joined_together.
他们从(恐龙)骨骼连接的方式了解到这一点。
4．It_is_a_pity_that_in the story nobody helped the dodo.
遗憾的是在这个故事当中没有人帮助渡渡鸟。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
1．The International Labour Organization helps to improve working conditions and create employment(employ) opportunities.
2．As we all know，smoking is harmful(harm) to our health.
3．He opposes fiercely(fierce) to flexible working hours and does not believe in working at home.
4．I have a great affection(affect) for my grandmother.
5．There’s nothing like a good nap，or a long night’s sleep to relieve(relief) tensions.
6．We respect Dr.Jones，because he’s devoted his whole life to the protection(protect) of the rare animals.
7．His talents are not fully appreciated(appreciation) in that company.
8．The product was developed in response(respond) to customer demand.
1 decrease n.& v.减少；降低
decrease to减少到,decrease by减少了
decrease from...to...从……减少到……
decrease in sth.在……方面降低；减少
on the decrease在减少
The club’s members have decreased to two hundred.
该俱乐部的会员已减少到了200人。
There has been a decrease in the number of pandas these years.近年来大熊猫的数量已经减少了。
夯实基础
根据句意或汉语提示用适当的介词填空
(1)The number of car accidents is on the decrease.
(2)By the end of the study，that percentage had decreased by(下降了) half，to 45 percent.
(3)We have no idea when the price of housing decreases to the level we can afford.
(4)There has been a decrease in our imports.
2 loss n.丧失；损失；亏损
at a loss不知所措，困惑
be lost in陷入……
lose v.丢失；损失，丧
lose face丢脸
lose weight减肥
He was at a loss what to do.他对做什么不知所措。
He is afraid of making mistakes and losing face in public.他害怕出错在公众面前丢脸。
夯实基础
用lose的适当形式填空
(1)However hard you try，it is difficult to_lose weight without cutting down the amount you eat.
(2)One boy was found lost when they came back home.
(3)Listening to loud music at rock concerts has caused hearing loss in some teenagers.
3 reserve v.贮存；保留；预订；n.储备；贮藏；保护区
reserve sth.for...为……保留某物
reserve the right to do sth.保留做某事的权利
in reserve备用
with/without reserve有 没有 保留地
make a reservation预订，预约
Firstly，an effective way，I think，is to reserve water in a scientific way for future use.
首先，我认为一个有效的方法就是用科学的方法把水贮存起来以备将来使用。
(2010·福建·书面表达)
Do you have to reserve tickets in advance
你需要提前订票吗？
夯实基础
用适当的介词填空
(1)Frankly speaking，I have little money in reserve.
(2)She told me all about it without reserve.
(3)I reserve my favorable comments for my former monitor.
4 respond vi.回答；回应；做出反应
respond to响应；回答
response n．回答；反应
give/make a quick response to对……做出很快的反应
in response to对……做出反应
in response作为回答，作为回应
Has she responded to your letter
她有没有回复你的信？
In response，the mom kneels down to show how happy and thankful she feels.
作为回应，母亲蹲下表示她的幸福和感激。 (2011·江苏·书面表达)
夯实基础
No one has yet ________ to our complaints，so I will write a letter to the newspaper.
A．answered B．settled
C．solved D．responded
答案　D
解析　respond to做出反应，回答，响应，符合句意。
5 relief n. 痛苦或忧虑的 减轻或解除；减轻痛苦的事物
in relief如释重负
to one’s relief使某人放心的是
relieve v.减轻
relieve sb.of...将某人从……中解脱出来
The pills gave him some relief for the moment.
这些药丸暂时给他减轻一些痛苦。
夯实基础
(1)用适当的介词填空
①To_his relief，a loud knock at the door spared him from giving an explanation.
②My assistant relieved me of_all the paperwork.
③She leaned back in relief after hearing the news that she had passed the exam.
(2)翻译句子
使我欣慰的是，我儿子最终被一所重点大学录取。
Much_to_my_relief，my_son_was_eventually_admitted_to_a_famous_university.
6 mercy n.仁慈；宽恕；怜悯
have/take mercy on怜悯，宽恕
show/give mercy to对……仁慈、同情
at the mercy of...任由……摆布；在……的掌握中
without mercy残忍地；毫不留情地
merciful adj.仁慈的
He shows little mercy to the poor.
他对穷人没有仁慈心。
He went down on his knees and begged for mercy.
他跪下来，乞求宽恕。
夯实基础
用mercy的相关短语填空
(1)They were lost at sea，at_the_mercy_of wind and weather.
(2)The policemen shot the crocodile without_mercy.
7 certain adj.确定的；无疑的；pron.某些；一些
a certain一点；一些
be certain/sure of/about/that...对……有把握
to a certain extent/degree在某种程度上
for certain/sure确凿地；肯定地
make certain/sure把……搞清楚，弄明白
It’s certain that...……是肯定无疑的；确定的
We’re certain/sure that by tomorrow，Mr.Knowles，you’ll have an answer.
诺尔斯先生，我们肯定你明天能得到答复。
To a certain extent，we are all responsible for this tragic situation.
我们都在一定程度上对这悲惨的局面负有责任。
特别提醒
(1)certain可以用人作主语，也可以用物作主语，还可以用it作形式主语。
(2)sure通常用人作主语，不能用在以it作形式主语的句子中。
夯实基础
(1)单句改错
It’s sure that he will come to help you.
sure→certain
(2)翻译句子
①他借给了我一些钱。
He_has_lent_me_a_certain_sum_of_money.
②确切情况我不知道。
I_don’t_know_for_certain.
8 contain v.包含，含有；容纳 hold ；控制，抑制 control
Orange juice contains things which help keep you healthy.
橘汁里含有益于健康的东西。
He was so excited he could hardly contain himself.
他激动得不能自已。
图解助记
词义辨析　include，contain
(1)include“包括”，侧重被包含者只是整体中的一部分。
(2)contain“包括”，侧重“整体内有”，指在某一范围或容器内能容纳某物，不用于 进行时。
夯实基础
用include，contain的适当形式填空
(1)This book contains all the information you need.
(2)Our six city tour includes a visit to London.
9 affect v.影响 influence ；打动；侵袭，使感染 attack
be affected by被……感动；被……侵袭
be affected with high fever发高烧
affect sb.to tears把某人感动得流泪
have an effect on对……有影响
The climate affected the amount of the rainfall.
气候影响了降雨量。
She was deeply affected by the news of his death.
他去世的消息使她深感悲痛。
夯实基础
用effect，affect的适当形式填空
The drug didn’t affect his health；in fact，it seemed to have no effect at all.
10 appreciate v.欣赏；赏识；感激，感谢 be grateful for ；理解 understand ；意识到
realize
appreciate doing...感激做……
I would appreciate it if...假如……我将不胜感激
appreciation n.欣赏；感激
in appreciation of欣赏；感激
And I’ll appreciate it very much if you give me an early reply.如果你能早点回信我将非常感激。
Here I sincerely express my appreciation if you could help find the lost suitcase.
如果你能帮我找到丢失的箱子，我会真诚地表达我的感激之情。(2010·重庆·书面表达)
特别提醒
(1)appreciate后接v. ing形式。
(2)其后只能接“事”作宾语，而不能接“人”作宾语。
(3)其后不直接跟if或when引导的从句，需先接it，再接从句。
夯实基础
用所给词的适当形式填空
(1)I don’t appreciate being_treated(treat) like a second class citizen.
(2)He expressed his appreciation(appreciate) for what she had done.
11 succeed vi.成功 be successful in ；继承；vt.继任；接替；随后出现 follow
succeed in doing...成功地做成……
succeed sb.as...接替、继任某人当……
be successful in doing sth.在 做 ……方面成功
have/gain/win/get/achieve success取得成功
He succeeded in overcoming all kinds of difficulties.
他成功地克服了重重困难。
Parents arrange everything for their children and spare no effort to pave the way for their success.
父母为孩子安排好一切，不遗余力地为他们的成功铺平道路。(2013·福建·书面表达)
夯实基础
用succeed的适当形式填空
(1)Nearly all of the young people interviewed believed that work was the key to success.
(2)I am looking forward to a long and successful partnership with him.
(3)We have already succeeded in working out ground rules with the Department of Defense.
12 employ v.雇用；利用 时间、精力等
employ...as...雇用……作……
employ oneself in doing sth.从事于，忙于……
be employed in doing sth.从事于……
out of employment失业
in employment在业，有工作
How do you employ your spare time
你怎样利用你的业余时间？
His mother is employed as a shop assistant.
他母亲受雇于一家商店做店员。
夯实基础
用适当的介词填空
(1)He has been employed in writing a new book these days.
(2)When I employ people as advisors I will occasionally listen to their advice.
13 harm n.伤害；损害；vt.损害；危害
do/cause harm to对……造成伤害
do sb.harm＝do harm to sb.伤害某人；对某人有害
mean no harm无恶意
There is no harm in doing...做某事无害处
be harmful to...对……有害
It makes our school dirty and unpleasant，and does harm to the image of our school.
这使我们学校又脏又令人不快，也损害了学校形象。(2011·浙江·书面表达)
These days，breaking traffic rules and littering are not uncommon，causing serious harm to life and the environment.
最近这段日子，违反交通规则和乱扔垃圾的现象很常见，对生活和环境造成了极大的危害。 (2013·安徽·书面表达)
夯实基础
完成句子
(1)Fruit juice can do/cause_harm_to(对……造成损害) children’s teeth.
(2)He means_no_harm(无恶意) by saying what he thinks，but people tend to be upset by it.
(3)These chemicals used in agriculture are_harmful_to(对……有害) the environment.
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．This species of bird is decreasing ________ numbers every year.
A．at B．on
C．in D．for
答案　C
解析　decrease in sth.在……方面减少。
2．—He was at a ________ what to say to the teacher’s question.
—Obviously he was ________ in thought just now.
A．loss；losing B．loss；lost
C．losing；lost D．lost；loss
答案　B
解析　第一空考查固定短语at a loss，意为“困惑，不知所措”；第二空考查固定搭配be lost in意为“沉迷于……”。
3．These seats are ________ for special guests.
A．preserved B．reserved
C．reversed D．occupied
答案　B
解析　此处考查reserve sth.for...的被动形式。reserve储备或预定为将来特殊情况使用，如reserve a seat (room)“预订一个席位(房间)”，此时与order相同；preserve强调“收藏，保存”，其目的是使之完好无损、质量不变。
4．A large part of human activity，particularly in relation to the environment，is ________ conditions or events.
A．in response to B．in favor of
C．in contrast to D．in excess of
答案　A
解析　句意为：大部分人类活动，特别是与周围环境有关的活动，是对各种情况或事件的反应。in response to对……做出反应，符合题意。
5．She is a kind hearted woman and often has ________ mercy ________ people who are in trouble.
A．a；on B．/；on
C．a；to D．/；to
答案　B
解析　考查固定短语。have mercy on同情，怜悯……。
6．I think I met her in 1985，but I can’t say ________ certain.
A．at B．in
C．on D．for
答案　D
解析　句意为：我想我是在1985年见到她的，但不敢肯定。for certain为固定搭配，意为“肯定地”。
7．Little Johnny felt the bag，curious to know what it ________.
A．collected B．contained
C．loaded D．saved
答案　B
解析　句意为：小约翰尼摸了一下袋子，想知道里面装着什么东西。collect收集；contain含有，装有；load装载；save节省。由句意知选B项。
8．With the government’s aid，those ________ by the earthquake have moved to the new settlements.
A．affect B．affecting
C．affected D．were affected
答案　C
解析　句意为：在政府的援助下，那些受到地震影响的人们已经搬到新的定居点。用affect的过去分词形式作主语those的后置定语，表示“受到地震影响的人们”。
9．I would appreciate ________ if you would let me know in advance whether you will be coming or not.
A．that B．it
C．you D．this
答案　B
解析　appreciate后接从句时，常用it作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语放到后边。
10．Of her plays，three were ________ and one was ________ failure.
A．success；/ B．successes；/
C．success；a D．successes；a
答案　D
解析　此处success作可数名词，意为“达到目的的人或事”；failure作可数名词，指“失败的人或事”。three后省去了plays，one后省去了play，故选D项。
Ⅱ.汉译英
1．我们都知道，好的学习习惯会使你的学习走向成功。(success)(2013·四川·书面表达)
As_we_all_know，good_learning_habits_can_make_your_study_go_to_success.
2．如果你能帮我我将不胜感激。(appreciate)(2011·山东·写作)
I_would_appreciate_it_if_you_could_offer_me_a_hand.
3．我希望能寓教于乐。(contain)(2010·天津·书面表达)
I_hope_I_can_contain_education_in_amusement.
4．大约5亿4千万人受二手烟的影响，每年造成10万人死亡。(affect)(2010·广东·基础写作)
Around_540_million_people_are_affected_by_second hand_smoke，which_causes_100,000_
deaths_per_year.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
1．The two communities live together in_peace.
2．As soon as Wang Fang appeared on the stage，the audience burst_into_laughter.
3．If too many of these rare animals are killed，their kind will die_out.
4．The little boy was once in_danger_of losing his sight.Fortunately，a doctor helped him out of danger.
5._Pay_attention_to what you’re doing.
1 die out灭亡；逐渐消失
die of/from死于
die down 声音、火焰等 逐渐减弱、降低
be dying for/to do...渴望获得/做……
If it is not much too inconvenient，would you please come to China to have a close observation of the poor finless porpoises and give us aid and direction to prevent them from dying out completely
如果方便的话，你能来中国近距离地观察一下可怜的长江江豚并给我们援助和指导以防止它们完全灭绝吗？ (2013·重庆·写作二)
夯实基础
用die短语的适当形式填空
(1)According to statistics，a man is more than twice as likely to die_of/from skin cancer as a woman.
(2)She is_dying_to know where you’ve been.
(3)The excitement died_down as time went by.
2 come into being existence 形成；开始存在；产生
come into force 法律 实施，生效
come into effect生效
come into power当权
come into office就职
come into use/service开始使用
This decision，which aims to make all indoor public places smoke free，will come into effect from the first day of 2011.
这个旨在使所有的室内公共区域都变成无烟区的决定，将从2011年第一天起开始生效。
(2010·广东·基础写作)
夯实基础
完成句子
(1)The new law will_come_into_force/effect(生效) next month.
(2)The big hotel has_come_into_use/service(已经投入使用)．
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．The English of 500 years ago was very different from the English of today.Over time，some words and expressions even ________ completely.
A．came to an end B．came into being
C．broke up D．died out
答案　D
解析　句意为：……随着时间的推移，一些单词和短语甚至完全消失了。die out消失，符合句意。
2．After a heated discussion，a new plan came ________ being，which would have a great effect ________ the study of the students.
A．into；for B．to；to C．from；at D．into；on
答案　D
解析　come into being和have an effect on均为固定搭配。
3．________experts’ opinions，they gave up the experiment immediately.
A．According to B．As a result of
C．Instead of D．With the help of
答案　A
解析　考查短语辨析。句意为：根据专家们的意见，他们马上放弃了这项实验。according to按照，根据，符合题意。
4．Thank you for giving me a________when I was in trouble.
A．opportunity B．choice C．lesson D．hand
答案　D
解析　考查名词词义辨析。give sb.a hand帮助某人，符合题意。opportunity机会，时机；choice选择，抉择；lesson课程，教训。
5．When they are graduating from college，many students begin to wander from city to city，________a suitable job.
A．hunting for B．taking on
C．looking after D．bringing up
答案　A
解析　考查动词短语辨析。hunt for a job找工作。
6．Great attention must________education，especially in the countryside.
A．be paid to developing B．pay to develop
C．be paid to develop D．pay to developing
答案　A
解析　考查pay attention to (doing) sth.的被动语态。
Ⅱ.汉译英
单词是怎样形成的并不为人所知。(come into being)
How_words_came_into_being_is_unknown.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
1．It_won’t_be_long_before(不久之后) he goes abroad.
2．It’s_a_pity(很遗憾) that he can’t come.
3．That’s good news.It shows the importance of wildlife protection，but I’d like to help_as_the_WWF_suggests (按照WWF的建议帮助你们)．
4．The_school_where_I_studied(我学习的学校) is not far from my home.
5．They were_surprised_to_find(吃惊地发现) that these dinosaurs could not only run like the others but also climb trees.
1 It shows the importance of wildlife protection，but I’d like to help as the WWF suggests.,它表明了野生动植物保护的重要性，不过，我还是想按照世界自然基金会的建议帮助你们。
as引导的从句类型：, 1 引导方式状语从句，意为“按照，如同”。
2 引导时间状语从句，意为“当……时候；一边……一边……；随着”。
3 引导原因状语从句，意为“因为；既然”。
4 引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管”。
5 引导定语从句，意为“正如”。
If all visitors to the Fairy Lake Park do as the couple did，the lake will be severely polluted and soon turned into a huge dustbin.
如果所有到仙女湖的游客都像这对夫妇那样做，那么湖水会严重污染，而且很快就会变成一个大垃圾箱。(2012·福建·书面表达)
夯实基础
用as完成句子
(1)Young_as_he_is(尽管他年轻)，he has travelled to many countries.
(2)They sang songs as_they_were_doing_farm_work(当他们做农活时)．
(3)When in Rome，do_as_the_Romans_do(入乡随俗)．
(4)As_is_known_to_us_all/As_we_all_know_(众所周知)，the earth goes around the sun.
2 After a while she saw some zebra with black and white lines going beneath their stomachs.,过了一会儿她看到了一些斑马，它们身上有一直延伸到腹部的黑白相间的条纹。
with black and white lines going beneath their stomachs为“with＋复合宾语”作定语。
“with复合结构”在句中多作状语，也可以作定语。常见的作宾补的结构有：
1 with＋宾语＋doing
2 with＋宾语＋done
3 with＋宾语＋adj.
4 with＋宾语＋adv.
5 with＋宾语＋to do
6 with＋宾语＋介词短语
With the beautiful moon up in the sky，we sit together and eat moon cakes and fruit，sharing our stories.
美丽的月亮挂在夜空中，我们坐在一起吃着月饼和水果，分享着彼此的故事。
(2013·辽宁·书面表达)
He was lying on the bed with all his clothes on.
他和衣躺在床上。
夯实基础
用所给词的适当形式填空
(1)With winter coming(come) on，it’s time to buy warm clothes.
(2)With all the things she needed bought(buy)，she went home happily.
(3)With nothing to_do(do)，Tom sleeps at home.
3 They lived on the earth tens of millions of years ago，long before humans came into being...千百万年前恐龙就在地球上生活，比人类的出现要早得多……
1 long before相当于long long ago，意为“很久以前”，常用于过去时或过去完成时的句子中作时间状语，before后面可以接名词、代词或句子。
2 before long相当于soon或a little later，意为“不久”，常与将来时、过去时连用，在句中作状语，不可以直接加从句。
3 It is/was not long before...不久就……
4 It will be long before...要过很久才……
5 It won’t be long before...过不了多久就……
I had heard of him long before I came here.
早在我来这儿很久以前我就听说过他的情况。
夯实基础
用适当的连词填空
(1)It is three years since I joined the army.
(2)It won’t be long before we meet again.
(3)It is the first time that I have been to China.
(4)It is time that you should go to bed.
(5)It was three o’clock when I went back.
(6)It was in the farm where we once worked that we met Tom for the first time.
用被动语态改写下列句子
(1)One of the best students is writing the report.
→The_report_is_being_written_by_one_of_the_best_students.
(2)We are collecting money for local charities.
→Money is being collected for local charities by us.
(3)He is singing a folk song.
→A_folk_song_is_being_sung_by_him.
(4)The bridge is under repair/construction.
→The_bridge_is_being_repaired/constructed.
(5)They are discussing the problem at the meeting.
→The_problem_is_being_discussed_at_the_meeting_by_them.
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．I travel to the Binhai New Area by light railway every day，________ do many businessmen who live in downtown Tianjin.
A．as B．which
C．when D．though
答案　A
解析　as引导方式状语从句。
2．You have no idea how she finished the relay race ________ her foot wounded so much.
A．for B．when
C．with D．while
答案　C
解析　考查with复合宾语。
3．It________not long________they reached their destination.
A．is；before B．was；before
C．was；since D．is；after
答案　B
解析　考查It was not long before sb. did sth.不久之后某人做了某事。
Ⅱ.汉译英
1．这次我向你保证过不了多久我们就会再次见面。(long before＋时间状语从句)
(2011·山东·写作)
_I_can_assure_you_this_time_it_won’t_be_long_before_we_see_each_other.
2．因为我有许多有趣的事情可做，所以最终我喜欢上了学校生活。(as引导状语从句) (2011·广东·读写任务)
As_I_had_a_lot_of_interesting_things_to_do，I_finally_enjoyed_my_school_life.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
1．They are living with their parents for the moment because their own house ________.
(2012·四川，11)
A．is being rebuilt B．has been rebuilt
C．is rebuilt D．has rebuilt
答案　A
解析　考查动词的时态和语态。句意为：他们现在暂时和父母一起居住，因为他们自己的房子正在重建。根据句意可知，应使用现在进行时态，且house与动词rebuild之间为被动关系，故使用现在进行时态的被动语态。
2．—Can I help you with it
—I appreciate your________， but I can manage it myself. (2012·江苏，21)
A．advice B．question
C．offer D．idea
答案　C
解析　句意为：——我可以帮你吗？——我感激你主动提供帮助，但我自己能完成。offer出价，(主动提供)帮助，符合题意。advice建议，劝告；question问题；idea想法，主意。
3．I’d prefer to ________ my judgement until I find all the evidence. (2011·福建，28)
A．show B．express
C．pass D．reserve
答案　D
解析　句意为：在我找到所有的证据之前，我宁愿保留我的看法。show显示，表明；express表明，表达；pass传递，通过；reserve保留。由句意可知D项正确。
4．Those who suffer from headache will find they get________from this medicine.
(2010·山东，33)
A．relief B．safety C．defense D．shelter
答案　A
解析　句意为：那些头痛患者会发现他们会通过这种药减轻疼痛。relief缓解，减轻；safety安全；defense保护；shelter庇护。由句意知A项正确。
5．Many lifestyle patterns do such________great harm to health that they actually speed up________weakening of the human body. (2010·浙江，2)
A．a；/ B．/；the C．a；the D．/；/
答案　B
解析　句意为：许多生活方式的模式对健康产生了相当大的危害，实际上它们加快了人体的衰弱(退)。do harm to sb./sth.损害(危害)某人/物，是一个固定短语；the weakening of the human body人体的衰退，因of短语修饰weakening，故其前加the，表示特指。