人教新课标高考英语一轮复习必修3 Unit 1 Festivals around the world

Ⅰ.重点单词识记
1．harvest /′hɑ vIst/ n．& vt.& vi.收获；收割
2．custom /′k st m/ n．风俗；习惯
3．ancestor /′ nsest / n．祖先；祖宗
4．gain /ɡeIn/ vt.获得；得到
5．necessity /nI′ses tI/ n．必要性；需要
6．fashion /′f n/ n．样子；方式；时尚
7．drown /dra n/ vt.& vi.淹没；淹死
8．wipe /waIp/ vt.擦；揩；擦去
9．forgive /f ′gIv/ vt.原谅；饶恕
10．trick /trIk/ n．& vt.诡计，恶作剧；窍门；欺骗；诈骗
11．gather /′ɡ / vt.& vi.搜集；集合；聚集
12．award / ′w d/ n．奖；奖品；vt.授予；判定
13．celebration / selI′breI n/ n．庆祝；祝贺→celebrate vt.庆祝
14．starve /stɑ v/ vi.& vt.(使)饿死；饿得要死→starvation n．挨饿，饥饿
15．religious /rI′lId s/ adj.宗教上的；信奉宗教的；虔诚的→religion n．宗教，宗教信仰
16．belief /bI′li f/ n．信任；信心；信仰→believe v．相信；认为→believable adj.可信(任)的
17．arrival / ′raIvl/ n．到来；到达；到达者；抵达物→arrive vi.到达；抵达
18．independence / IndI′pend ns/ n．独立；自主→independent adj.独立的；自主的
19．agricultural / ɡrI′k lt r l/ adj.农业的；农艺的→agriculture n．农业；农艺；农学
20．admire / d′maI / vt.赞美；钦佩；羡慕→admiration n．感叹；佩服，称赞
21．energetic / en ′d etIk/ adj.充满活力的；精力充沛的；积极的→energy n．精力
22．permission /p ′mI n/ n．许可，允许→permit vt.许可，准许
23．apologize / ′p l d aIz/ vi.道歉；辩白→apology n．道歉，谢罪；辩护
24．obvious /′ bvI s/ adj.明显的；显而易见的→obviously adv.明显地，清楚地
Ⅱ.重点短语识记
1．in_memory_of纪念；追念
2．take_place发生
3．dress_up盛装；打扮；装饰
4．play_a_trick_on搞恶作剧；诈骗；开玩笑
5．look_forward_to期望；期待；盼望
6．day_and_night日夜；昼夜；整天
7．as_though好像
8．have_fun_with玩得开心
9．turn_up出现；到场
10．keep_one’s_word守信用；履行诺言
11．hold_one’s_breath屏息；屏气
12．set_off出发；动身；使爆炸
13．remind...of...使……想起……
Ⅲ.经典原句默写与背诵
1．At that time people would starve if food was difficult_to_find...
那时如果很难找到食物人们就会挨饿……
2．On this important feast day，people eat food in the shape of skulls and cakes with_“bones”_on_them.
在这个重要的节庆日子里，人们会吃制成颅骨形状的食物和装点有“骨头”的蛋糕。
3．The country，covered_with cherry tree flowers，looks as though it is covered with pink snow.
(节日里)整个国度到处是盛开的樱花，看上去就像是覆盖了一层粉红色的雪。
4．It_was_obvious_that the manager of the coffee shop was waiting for Li Fang to leave...
很明显，咖啡馆的经理在等李方离开……
5．While_she_was_on_earth she met the herd boy Niulang and they fell in love.
她在人间遇到了牛郎，两人相爱了。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
1．You need permission(permit) from the World Wide Web before you can access information.
2．Seeing such extraordinary beauty(beautiful)，I think every cell in my body woke up.
3．Although he didn’t play well at first，he entertained a firm belief(believe) in final victory.
4．The classroom was dolled up by the pupils for the celebration(celebrate)．
5．She speaks English so well that her friends are filled with admiration(admire)．
6．I must make an apology(apologize) to him for not going to his party.
7．Obviously(obvious) you’re worried about something；why not get it off your chest
8．Students should aim to become more independent(independence) of their teachers.
1 satisfy v.使满意，使满足；满足 需求、需要等
satisfy/meet one’s needs/demands满足某人的要求
be satisfied to do.../with...对 做 ……感到满意
in/with satisfaction满意地
to one’s satisfaction使某人满意的是
He was satisfied to win the match.
他对赢得比赛感到满意。
夯实基础
用satisfy的适当形式填空
(1)None of these is particularly satisfying.
(2)We are not satisfied with these results.
(3)Both sides expressed satisfaction with the progress so far.
(4)We just can’t find enough good second hand cars to satisfy demands.
(5)From his satisfied voice on the phone I know everything is going under way.
2 dress v．给……穿衣；穿着；打扮；n.衣裙；女装；衣服
dress sb./oneself in 给某人穿 …… 衣服
be/get dressed in穿着……
dress up打扮
dress up as装扮成……
Sue had dressed herself neatly for work.
休穿戴整洁地上班去了。
The boys were all dressed up as pirates.
这些男孩子都装扮成了海盗。
词义辨析　wear，have on，dress，put on
(1)wear和have on表示“穿着”的状态，wear同时表示“佩戴”，并可以用于进行时，后还可以跟表示颜色的名词，而have on不行。
(2)put on和dress表示“穿”的动作，put on后接衣物；dress后接sb.或者反身代词作宾语。
夯实基础
用wear，have on，dress，put on的适当形式填空
(1)She bathed her and dressed her in clean clothes.
(2)You don’t have to get dressed up for this party.
(3)They like to wear/have_on their colorful national dresses.
(4)You’d better put_on more clothes，for it is so cold outside.
(5)She was wearing a black dress.
3 apologize vi.道歉；谢罪)
apologize to sb.for doing sth.因 做 某事向某人道歉
make an apology to sb.for...因……向某人道歉
accept/refuse one’s apology接受/拒绝某人的道歉
owe sb.an apology向某人道歉
I must apologize for not being able to meet you.
我因没有接你而向你道歉。
I’m writing this letter to express my apology to you for not writing you back in time.
我写信为没有及时给你回信表示道歉。(2013·山东·写作)
夯实基础
同义句改写
I apologized to her for stepping on her foot.
(1)I_made_an_apology_to_her_for_stepping_on_her_foot.(用apology改写句子)
(2)I_said_sorry_to_her_for_stepping_on_her_foot.(用sorry改写句子)
4 remind vt.提醒，使想起 to help sb. remember
remind sb.of/about sth.提醒某人某事；使某人想起某事
remind sb.to do sth.提醒某人做某事
remind sb.that/what/how...提醒某人……
The picture reminds me of those who succeed in unfavorable conditions.
这幅图片使我想起了在不利条件下取得成功的那些人。(2010·北京·开放作文)
夯实基础
In our childhood，we were often ________ by Grandma to pay attention to our table manners.
A．demanded B．reminded C．allowed D．hoped
答案　B
解析　考查sb.be reminded to do sth.“某人被提醒做某事”。demand命令；allow允许；hope希望，均与句意不符。
5 forgive v.原谅；宽恕；免除
forgive sb.sth.原谅某人某事
forgive sb.for doing ...原谅某人 做了 ……
forgive and forget不念旧恶
It is also a virtue to forgive and forget，especially in such a competitive and stressful society.
不念旧恶也是一种美德，尤其在这样一个竞争激烈、压力巨大的社会中。
(2012·江苏·书面表达)
She’d find a way to forgive him for the theft of the book.
她会让自己原谅他偷书的行为的。
夯实基础
(1)同义句改写
Forgive my interrupting you.(用forgive sb.for doing...改写句子)
Forgive_me_for_interrupting_you.
(2)翻译句子
他们原谅了他的无礼。
They_forgave_him_his_rudeness.
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．When the little child caught sight of the young woman ________ in white，he started crying immediately.
A．dressed B．wearing
C．worn D．putting on
答案　A
解析　dress穿着，后接in再跟衣服或表示颜色的词。
2．We ________ the old scientist ________ his contributions ________ the country.
A．admire；for；to B．admire；at；to
C．respect；on；for D．respect；on；at
答案　A
解析　admire sb.for因……钦佩/羡慕某人；contributions to对……的贡献，故选A。
3．Victor apologized for ________ to inform me of the change in the plan.
A．his being not able
B．him not to be able
C．his not being able
D．him to be not able
答案　C
解析　本题考查apologize的用法。apologize道歉，常构成apologize (to sb.) for (one’s) doing/having done sth.句式，意为“因(某人)做了某事而(向某人)道歉”，介词for后要跟动名词，其否定式要在动名词前加not。根据句意“维克托因为没能通知我该计划的变更而向我道歉”，可知答案为C。
4．Now that he admitted that he had stolen the money，you should have ________ him.
A．punished B．forgiven
C．scolded D．apologized
答案　B
解析　句意为：既然他承认偷了钱，你应该原谅他。forgive原谅，符合题意。
5．—I often fall asleep at work.
—Why not drink some tea？Tea can keep you________.
A．energetic B．normal
C．adequate D．sensitive
答案　A
解析　考查形容词辨析。energetic精力充沛的，符合句意。normal正常的；adequate足 够的，充分的；sensitive敏感的，灵敏的。
6．Nobody shall enter his office without his________.
A．permission B．connection
C．instruction D．introduction
答案　A
解析　考查名词辨析。permission允许，许可，符合句意。connection连接，关系；instruction指示，说明；introduction介绍。
7．—Call me at 9∶00.I can’t afford to miss such a conference.
—Don’t worry，sir.You’ll surely be________.
A．reminded B．warned
C．informed D．remembered
答案　A
解析　考查动词词义辨析。remind提醒，使想起；warn警告，告诫；inform告诉，通知；remember记住，牢记。选项A符合题意。
8．We held a family party to________our parents’ silver wedding.
A．celebrate B．memorize
C．congratulate D．welcome
答案　A
解析　考查动词词义辨析。celebrate庆祝，庆贺；memorize记住；congratulate道贺，恭喜；welcome欢迎，迎接。因此答案选A。
9．Now that you have begun to work, you should learn to be________of your parents.
A．energetic B．obvious
C．independent D．religious
答案　C
解析　句意为：既然你已经开始工作了，就应当学着不依靠父母。independent独立的，自主的，be independent of不依赖，为固定搭配。energetic精力充沛的，积极的；obvious明显的，显而易见的；religious信奉宗教的，虔诚的，宗教上的。
10．I arrived late at the airport, but________for me，the plane was also late.
A．suddenly B．naturally C．obviously D．luckily
答案　D
解析　考查副词词义辨析。suddenly突然地；naturally自然地；obviously明显地；luckily幸运地。由语境知D项正确。
Ⅱ.汉译英
1．同桌非常羡慕我流利的英语，我经常被他的赞美所鼓舞。(admire)(2013·湖北·短文写作)
My_deskmate_admires_my_fluent_English_very_much_and_I_usually_feel_encouraged_by_his_compliments.
2．母亲拥抱了我，我能看到她眼中的满足。(satisfy)(2013·陕西·书面表达)
My_mother_gave_me_a_hug_and_I_could_see_satisfaction_in_her_eyes.
3．这个故事使我想起了中学时的经历。(remind)(2012·广东·读写任务)
This_story_reminds_me_of_my_experience_when_I_was_a_middle_school_student.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
1．You don’t need to dress_up；just to go to the pub，jeans and a T shirt will do.
2．The police may never discover what took_place that night，because Mr.Smith，the only eyewitness，died last night.
3．Once you have promised to do something，you should keep_your_word.
4．The government set up a monument in_memory_of the heroes who died in the war.
5．Those workers worked day_and_night in order to finish the task on time.
1 in memory of为纪念……；追念 in honour of
have a good/bad memory for...对……记忆力好/差
in favor of支持
in terms of就……而言，在……方面
in praise of赞扬……
in charge of负责，掌管
in need of需要
in place of代替
She has a good memory for dates.
她对日期有很好的记忆力。
The committee came out in favor of the minister’s proposals.
委员会公开表示支持部长的建议。
夯实基础
用上述短语填空
(1)Some people are in_favor_of reform，while others are against it.
(2)The job is great in_terms_of salary，but it has its disadvantages.
(3)The poem is in_praise_of her virtues.
(4)We’ll make a new director in_place_of him.
(5)The gift to the Israel museum is being made in_memory_of Michael Bromberg.
2 look forward to期望；期待；盼望 expect
look forward to中to为介词，后跟名词、代词、动名词作宾语。类似的短语还有：
belong to属于add to增加
be used to习惯于 be accustomed to习惯于
be addicted to沉溺于 stick to坚持
devote...to献身，致力于 adapt to适应
object to反对 refer to谈到
get down to开始做 lead to导致
contribute to有助于 turn to求助；转向
The children are looking forward to travelling abroad.
孩子们期待着去国外旅行。
夯实基础
用所给词的适当形式填空
(1)Considerable resources have been devoted to proving(prove) him a liar.
(2)Get down to discussing(discuss) my workload.
(3)They also may contribute to preventing(prevent) severe disease and death.
3 have fun with玩得开心，作乐，玩乐
for/in fun＝out of fun开玩笑地；不是认真地
make fun of取笑；嘲弄
for the fun of it为了取乐 好玩 ,have fun doing...开心地做……
For another，they can enrich my life and provide me with great fun.
二则，它们可以丰富我的生活，给我带来极大的乐趣。(2012·江西·书面表达)
So don’t feel sorry for the disabled or make fun of them.
因此，不要可怜残疾人或者取笑他们。
夯实基础
(1)同义句改写
The tourists are having fun in Antarctic.(用time短语改写句子)
The_tourists_are_having_a_good_time_in_Antarctic.
(2)翻译句子
我会读些书，为了消遣，也为了获取知识。
I’ll_do_some_reading_for_fun，and_for_knowledge_as_well.
4 turn up出现，露面 show up ； 改短衣服；开大音量 increase the sound
turn away打发走；禁止入内,t
rn around翻身，转身
turn down拒绝；调小
turn into变成
turn out生产；结果是；证明是；出席，在场
turn over移交
turn on/off打开/关掉
Some all A students in school have turned out not to be as successful in society as they were expected.
学校的一些优秀学生踏入社会后不像人们预料的那么成功。(2011·陕西·书面表达)
夯实基础
用turn短语的适当形式填空
(1)She turned_up at the doorstep of my house in Cornwall.
(2)I would，indeed，turn the evidence over to the police.
(3) New technologies have made it possible to turn_out new products faster and at a lower cost.
(4)Don’t turn_off the computer before closing all programs，or you could have problems.
(5)If nothing is done，the oceans will turn_into fish deserts.
5 keep one’s word守信用；履行诺言
break one’s word/promise违背诺言；食言
eat one’s words收回所说的话
get in a word插话
in a/one word总之
have a word with sb.与某人谈一谈
have words with sb.和某人吵架
in other words换句话说
word came that...消息说……
I’ll keep my word，and I’ll tell him everything.
我会守信，我会将一切告诉他。
In a word，being able to win their friendship in a very short time is the thing that I am proud of most in my life.
总之在很短的时间内能够赢得他们的友谊是我一生中最为自豪的事。
(2013·浙江·书面表达)
夯实基础
选词填空　
(1)The little boy listened to the older students and finally got in a word.
(2)I said that my wife would never pass her driving test，and when she did she made me eat my words.
(3)He broke his word and did not repay the loan.
(4)Why did you have words with her last night
6 hold one’s breath屏息；屏气
out of breath气喘吁吁
catch one’s breath屏息；歇口气
take/draw a deep breath深呼吸
lose one’s breath喘不过气来
He held his breath，not daring to raise his head.
他屏住了气，不敢抬起头来。
She was out of breath from climbing the stairs.
爬楼梯使她上气不接下气的。
夯实基础
用breath短语的适当形式填空
(1)We held/caught_our_breath while Mr.Evans read the exam results.
(2)When he dashed back，he was already out_of_breath.
(3)While climbing up the stairs the old man always lost_his_breath.
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．How happy we are! The holiday we have been looking forward ________ at last.
A．to has come B．to have come
C．to having come D．has come
答案　A
解析　句中we have been looking forward to在句中作定语修饰名词holiday；主语为the holiday，缺少谓语动词，故用has come。
2．—We will go to Beijing for our holiday next week.
—________.
A．Go ahead，please B．Have fun
C．Good luck D．Help yourself
答案　B
解析　Have fun祝你玩得开心，常用于口语，向对方的娱乐活动表示祝愿。
3．Thousands of people ________ to watch yesterday’s match against Ireland.
A．turned on B．turned in
C．turned around D．turned out
答案　D
解析　句意为：数千人出来观看昨天同爱尔兰队的比赛。turn out有“外出”的意思；turn on打开；turn in上床睡觉，上缴；turn around转身。只有turn out符合语境。
4．She is a woman who ________.You can rely on her.
A．keeps her word B．breaks her word
C．gets in a word D．has a word with
答案　A
解析　句意为：她是一个守信的人。你可以依赖她。keep one’s word守信，符合句意。
5．Eric came running into the room，________.
A．out of breath B．under his breath
C．in the same breath D．taking a deep breath
答案　A
解析　由前面running into the room可知，应是“气喘吁吁”，故选A项，为介词短语作状语。
Ⅱ.汉译英
我盼望收到你的来信。(look forward to)(2013·山东·写作)
I_am_looking_forward_to_hearing_from_you.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
1．The teacher entered the classroom with_a_book_in_his/her_hand(手里拿着一本书)．
2._It_is_certain_that(肯定会) she will come to the discussion.
3．They completely ignore these facts as_if/as_though_they_never_existed(就仿佛它们从未存在过)．
4．Finding_that_Zhinü_was_heart broken(看到织女伤心欲绝)，her grandmother finally decided to let the couple cross the Milky Way to meet once a year.
5．I_never_meant_him_to_read(我从来没有打算让他读) what I wrote about him.
1 Some festivals are held to honour the dead or to satisfy the ancestors，who might return either to help or to do harm.有些节日，是为了纪念死者，或者使祖先得到满足，因为祖先们有可能回到世上 给人们 提供帮助，也有可能带来危害。
either...or...要么……要么……；不是……就是……；或者……或者……，常用来连接两个平行结构。若连接两个主语时，其谓语动词应与最近的一个主语在人称和数上保持一致，即“就近原则”。
Either he or I am to go to the laboratory.
不是他就是我要到实验室去。
特别提醒
由either...or连接两个主语时，谓语动词与临近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。有类似用法的还有：neither...nor，not only...but also，not...but，...or...，there be句型等。
夯实基础
用所给词的适当形式填空
(1)Either you or I am(be) going there tomorrow.
(2)Not only the students but also their teacher is(be) enjoying the film.
(3)There is(be) a table and two chairs in the room.
(4)It is not I but you who are(be) the first to run to the goal in the competition.
2 It was obvious that the manager of the coffee shop was waiting for Li Fang to leave...很明显，咖啡馆的经理在等李方离开……
It was obvious that...句型中，it为形式主语，that从句为真正的主语。常用于这种结构的形容词有：clear，strange，obvious，certain，important，possible，natural，surprising，interesting，likely，unusual等。
在It is necessary/important/strange/natural/impossible/essential/a pity...＋that...中，从句中的谓语动词常用“should＋动词原形”，should可省略。
It is obvious that she is popular with students.
很明显，她很受学生们的欢迎。
It is important that we (should) discuss the plan.
重要的是我们该讨论这个计划。
夯实基础
(1)同义句改写
It is necessary that he should be sent there at once.(改为简单句)
It_is_necessary_for_him_to_be_sent_there_at_once.
(2)翻译句子
真奇怪，他竟然这么粗鲁。
It_is_strange_that_he_(should)_be_so_rude.
根据提示完成句子
(1)There must be something wrong with the computer.(变否定式)
→There can’t be anything wrong with the computer.
(2)They must have finished their homework.(变否定式)
→They_can’t_have_finished_their_homework.
(3)—Linda has gone to work，but her bicycle is still here.(补全对话)
—She may/might have gone by bus.
(4)I asked him，“May I leave？”(补全句子)
→I asked him if_I_might_leave.
(5)—They are playing basketball.(补全对话)
—They must_have_finished (finish) their homework.
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．Either you or one of your students ________ to attend the meeting that is due on Thursday.
A．are B．is C．have D．be
答案　B
解析　句意为：你或者你的一位学生要参加定于星期四的会议。本题主语由either...or...连接，谓语动词要根据or之后的部分来确定单复数形式，该句中or后是one of your students，所以谓语动词用单数形式。
2．________ is not necessary for you to have told her about the bad news.
A．There B．It C．That D．This
答案　B
解析　考查固定句型It is necessary for sb.to do...。
3．At a construction site in our city the workers have uncovered an ancient wall that ________ to keep the enemy out of the city，but it requires further evidence.
A．might have functioned
B．would have functioned
C．must have functioned
D．should have functioned
答案　A
解析　might have done是对过去不太肯定的猜测。句意为：在市里的一处工地上，工人们挖出了一道可能是以前用来御敌的城墙，但这还有待进一步验证。根据句意选A。
Ⅱ.汉译英
人们可以把它们当作礼物送给朋友或者挂在自己家里。 (either...or)
(2013·新课标全国Ⅱ·书面表达)
People_can_either_give_them_as_gifts_to_friends_or_hang_them_in_their_houses.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
1．Sarah looked at________finished painting with________satisfaction.
(2012·新课标全国Ⅰ，22)
A．/；a B．a；the
C．the；/ D．the；a
答案　C
解析　句意为：Sarah满意地看着那幅画完的画。with satisfaction满意地；由于painting前有finished修饰，所以此处表达特指含义，故第一个空用the。
2．I think Tom, as the head of a big department, should either study regularly or________his job. (2012·浙江，8)
A．quits B．to quit
C．quitting D．quit
答案　D
解析　either...or...连接两个并列成分，由此quit与study的形式应一致，故答案为D项。
3．I’m going to Europe on vacation together with John if I________find the money.
(2012·大纲全国Ⅱ，17)
A．can B．might C．would D．need
答案　A
解析　句意为：如果我能够弄到钱，我打算和约翰一起去欧洲度假。本句为含有if引导的条件状语从句的复合句，主句为将来时，从句应用一般现在时，故排除B、C两项；又根据句意可知应该是“能弄到钱”而不是“需要弄到钱”。故A项正确。
4．Don’t handle the vase as if it ________ made of steel.(2012·北京，35)
A．is B．were
C．has been D．had been
答案　B
解析　句意为：拿花瓶时不要当它是钢做的一样。as if引导的方式状语从句或表语从句中常用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反的情况；又由Don’t handle...可知此处应为与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，故B项正确。
5．Michael put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himself ________ of his own dreams. (2011·重庆，33)
A．reminding B．to remind
C．reminded D．remind
答案　C
解析　句意为：迈克尔在床边挂了一张姚明的照片来提醒他自己他的梦想。本题考查“keep＋宾语＋v. ing”和“keep＋宾语＋v. ed”用法辨析，选择用v. ing还是v. ed，要根据“宾语”与动词之间的关系而定，如果它们之间为主动关系，则用v. ing，如果为被动关系，则用v. ed。himself与remind之间存在被动关系，故选C。