人教新课标高考英语一轮复习必修4 Unit 3 A taste of English humour

Ⅰ.重点单词识记
1．ordinary /′ d n ri/ adj.平常的；普通的
2．slide /slaId/ vt.& vi.(使)滑动；n.滑，滑动；幻灯片
3．whisper /′wIsp / n．耳语；低语；vt.& vi.低语；小声说
4．mess /mes/ n．脏或乱的状态
5．overcome / v ′k m/ vt.& vi.战胜；克服
6．budget /′b d It/ n．预算；开支
7．content /k n′tent/ vt.使满足；n.满足；adj.满意的；满足的
8．occasion / ′keI n/ n．时刻；场合
9．explanation / ekspl ′neI n/ n．解释；讲解；说明
10．vast /vɑ st/ adj.巨大的；辽阔的
11．react /rI′ kt/ vi.作出反应；回应
12．drunk /dr k/ adj.醉的
13．outstanding /a t′st ndI / adj.突出的，杰出的；显著的
14．particular /p ′tIkj l / adj.特殊的；特别的；n.细节；细目
15．humour /′hju m / n．幽默；滑稽→humourous adj.滑稽的；可笑的
16．performer /p ′f m / n．表演者；演出者→perform v．演出，表演→performance n．演出
17．astonish / ′st nI / vt.使惊诧→astonishing adj.令人感到惊讶的→astonished adj.感到惊讶的→astonishment n．惊讶
18．fortunate /′f t nIt/ adj.幸运的；吉利的→unfortunate (反义词) adj.不幸的；令人遗憾的→unfortunately adv.不幸地
19．entertain / ent ′teIn/ vt.& vi.使欢乐；款待→entertaining adj.愉快的；有趣的
20．failure /′feIlj / n．失败(者)→fail v．失败
21．convince /k n′vIns/ vt.使信服→convincing adj.令人信服的
22．direct /dI′rekt；daI′ / vt.& vi.导演；指示；指挥；adj.直的；直接的；直率的→director n．导演→direction n．方向；指导
Ⅱ.重点短语识记
1．up_to_now直到现在
2．feel/be_content_with对……满足
3．badly_off穷的；缺少的
4．pick_out挑出；辨别出
5．cut_off切断；断绝
6．star_in在……担任主角；主演
7．be_remembered_as...作为……而被铭记
8．worse_off境况更差
Ⅲ.经典原句默写与背诵
1．Unfortunately his father died，leaving_the_family_even_worse_off...
不幸的是他的父亲去世了，整个家庭状况更糟了……
2．Instead he and another man are hiding in a small hut during a snowstorm with_nothing_to_eat.
取而代之的是在暴风雪中他和另一个人躲在一个小窝棚中并且没有任何东西充饥。
3．Then he picks out the lace of the shoe and eats it as_if_it_were_spaghetti.
然后他挑出鞋带来吃，像是吃意大利面条一样。
4．I observed him directing as_well_as_acting in it.
我发现他在里面既能导演又能表演。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
1．She is an outgoing，fun and humourous(humour) person to be around.
2．We have to accept the facts no matter how astonishing(astonish) they might sound.
3．Unfortunately(fortunate)，his mother died when he was very young.
4．Th restaurant is particularly(particular) popular with young people.
5．There is no doubt that he deserves the title “outstanding(outstand) player of his generation”．
6．Running away is our instinctive reaction(react) when we meet danger.
7．He wanted to get a satisfied explanation(explain)，but was refused.
8．The hotel offers its guests a wide variety of amusements(amuse)．
1 content n.满足 satisfaction ；内容；所含之物；目录；adj.满意的；满足的 satisfied ；vt.使满足 satisfy
be content with对……满足 满意
be content to do sth.乐于做某事
content oneself with满足于；使 某人 自己对……感到满足
to one’s heart’s content心满意足地；尽情地
Empty the contents of the pan into the sieve.
将锅里的东西倒到筛子上。
I am content to admire the mountains from below.
我满足于从山脚下观赏山景。
夯实基础
(1)同义句改写
Martina was content with a single glass of wine.(用content的动词形式改写句子)
Martina_contented_herself_with_a_single_glass_of_wine.
(2)翻译句子
我的道歉好像使他感到满意。
My_apology_seemed_to_content_him.
2 fortunate adj.幸运的；吉利的
be fortunate to do sth./in doing sth.在……方面运气好
fortune n．机会，运气；财富；命运；际遇
make a fortune发财；致富
seek/try one’s fortune碰运气
He was extremely fortunate to survive.
他能活下来真是万幸。
He made a fortune by selling used cars.
他靠卖二手车发财了。
夯实基础
用fortune的适当形式填空
(1)Don’t leave that to fortune.
(2)Central London is fortunate in having so many large parks and open spaces.
(3)—Have you heard about that fire in the market
—Yes，fortunately no one was hurt.
3 entertain v.招待；款待；使有兴趣；使快乐
entertain sb.with...用……使某人快乐；用……招待某人
entertain sb.to...宴客；招待
entertain sb.as...把某人当……招待
entertaining adj.令人愉快的
to one’s entertainment使某人快乐的是
They were entertained by top singers，dancers and celebrities.顶级歌手、舞蹈演员和名人们给他们带来娱乐。
I don’t like to entertain guests anymore.
我再也不想招待客人了。
夯实基础
用适当的介词填空
(1)I entertained my friends to dinner yesterday evening.
(2)He entertained the children with a story.
4 convince vt.使确信；使相信；使信服 make sb. believe ；说服，劝说 persuade；talk
convince sb.of sth.使某人相信某事
convince sb.to do sth.说服某人做某事
be convinced of/that...相信……
convincing adj.令人信服的
I soon convinced him of my innocence.
我很快便让他相信我是清白的。
He sounded very convincing.
他的话听起来很有说服力。
夯实基础
用convince的适当形式填空
(1)I am convinced of his guilt.
(2)This last argument is the most convincing to me.
5 occasion n.时刻，时节；大事；节日；场合
on occasion偶尔，有时
on one occasion曾经，有一个时候
on this/that occasion在这个/那个时候
on no occasion绝不，不会
It is an occasion for all the family to celebrate.
这是个值得举家庆祝的时刻。
What do they say when they meet on a formal occasion 在正式场合见面的时候，他们要说 什么？
特别提醒
occasion作先行词，其后跟定语从句时，如果引导词在定语从句中作状语，则应用关系副词when。
夯实基础
用occasion的相关短语填空
(1)I call on my parents on_occasion.
(2)On_no_occasion should you do such a thing as that.
6 whisper v.低语；私语；小声说 murmur；speak quietly ；n.耳语；低语 murmur
whisper to sb.与某人耳语
It is whispered that...据秘密传闻……
in a whisper＝in whispers＝in a low voice耳语地；低声地
She sat on Rossi’s knee as he whispered in her ear.
她坐在罗西的腿上，听他低声耳语。
Men were talking in whispers in every office.
每间办公室里人们都在窃窃私语。
夯实基础
(1)同义句改写
People whisper that he has hit the jackpot.(用it作形式主语改写句子)
It_is_whispered_that_he_has_hit_the_jackpot.
(2)翻译句子
据秘密传闻他将不久于人世，他果然死了。
It_was_whispered_that_he_would_soon_die_and_he_did.
7 react vi.作出反应；回应
react to对……作出反应；回应
react with和……起化学反应
react against反对；反抗
reaction n.反应；回应
They reacted violently to the news.
他们对这条新闻反应强烈。
Calcium reacts with water.钙和水会发生化学反应。
夯实基础
用适当的介词填空
(1)We reacted against the limitations of us.
(2)Hearing how others react to the book you have just read creates an added pleasure.
(3)An acid reacts with a base(碱) to form a salt.
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．Those who are ________ their present situations will surely make no more advances in life.
A．content to B．satisfied of
C．pleased to D．content with
答案　D
解析　be content with表示“对……感到满足”。句意为：那些满足于现状的人不会取得更大的进步。
2．He was robbed last night，but ________ he didn’t have much money on him then.
A．fortunately B．eventually
C．certainly D．surprisingly
答案　A
解析　句意为：昨天晚上他被抢了，但幸运的是那时他身上没带多少钱。fortunately幸运地，符合句意。
3．Please come to see me when you are free.I’ll ________ you to dinner.
A．serve B．receive
C．accept D．entertain
答案　D
解析　句意为：请有空时来看我，我请你吃饭。entertain款待，符合题意。serve常接双宾语，serve sb.sth.给某人端上某物；receive sb.with sth.拿某物招待某人；accept接受。
4．—What can I do to ________ my fear of speaking in public
—Just take more activities with your friends.
A．astonish B．overcome
C．control D．entertain
答案　B
解析　第一句句意为：我怎么克服在公共场合说话的恐惧？overcome克服，符合句意。
5．Scientists are convinced ________ the positive effect of laughter ________ physical and mental health.
A．of；at B．by；in
C．of；on D．on；at
答案　C
解析　句意为：科学家们坚信笑对身心健康有积极影响。be convinced of坚信，深信；effect常与on连用，意为“对……的影响”。以上两个均属于固定搭配。
6．—How can I take this medicine，sir
—Just follow the ________ on the bottle.
A．information B．advice
C．directions D．explanations
答案　C
解析　information信息，情报，资料；advice建议；direction说明书；explanation解释，说明。从句意看，只有C项符合题意。
7．Occasions are quite rare ________ I have the time to spend a day with my kids.
A．who B．which
C．why D．when
答案　D
解析　occasion作先行词时，若定语从句不缺少主要成分，则常用when引导定语从句。
8．Mum ________ to us，“Be quiet! Your little sister’s sleeping.”
A．whispered B．shouted
C．explained D．replied
答案　A
解析　句意为：妈妈小声对我们说：“安静！你们的小妹妹正在睡觉。”whisper低语，小声说，符合句意。
9．His room is in a ________ with his things everywhere.
A．mess B．loss
C．mass D．rags
答案　A
解析　句意为：他的房间乱七八糟，东西到处都是。in a mess乱七八糟，符合句意。
10．How did he ________ your answer
A．react to B．refer to
C．lead to D．object to
答案　A
解析　句意为：他对你的回答反应如何？react to对……反应。
Ⅱ.汉译英
1．我做作业时，经常因粗心犯错误，怎么克服这一缺点？(overcome)(2013·四川·书面表达)
When_I_do_my_homework，I_often_make_mistakes_with_carelessness，how_to_overcome_the_shortage
2．三年前，一次大考我没考好，因而进了普通学校。(ordinary)(2012·湖北·短文写作)
Three_years_ago_I_failed_an_important_exam_in_my_life_and_became_a_student_in_an_ordinary_school.
3．结果，我很累很压抑。(depress)(2011·湖北·短文写作)
As_a_result,_I_was_tired_out_and_depressed.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
1．We shouldn’t be unhappy about being badly_off—many families are much worse off than we are.
2．It’s easy to pick_out my car from others in the parking place.
3．Several months ago Harbin cut_off its water supply for four days because of pollution fear in Songhua River，which is Harbin’s main water source.
4．She has starred_in some thirty films in all her life.
5．Up_to_now，more than 100 people have been reported to be infected by the flu.
badly off穷的；缺少的；境况不好
be well off富裕
be better off境况较好
be worse off更穷的
from bad to worse每况愈下
to make matters worse what is worse 更糟糕的是
This school is badly off for experienced teachers.
这所学校缺少有经验的老师。
I am quite badly off recently.
最近我经济上很拮据。
夯实基础
(1)同义句改写
The school is rather badly off for equipment.
The_school_is_very_short_of_equipment.(用short改写句子)
(2)翻译句子
公平地说，和有些人比，我们的境况还不算太坏。
To_be_fair/Fairly_speaking，we_are_not_too_badly_off_compared_to_some.
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．Though he was ________，he looked down upon those who had a lot of money.
A．well off B．rich
C．badly off D．well known
答案　C
解析　句意为：虽然他很穷，但他看不起那些有钱人。badly off穷的，符合句意。
2．Mary felt________from the outside world, since she lacked an Internet connection and couldn’t receive any e mail.
A．cut down B．cut in
C．cut off D．cut out
答案　C
解析　cut off切断，断绝，主要指切断供应和与外界的联系。句意为：由于玛丽连接不了因特网，不能接收邮件，她感到与世隔绝。
3．The students all wear the same uniform，so it’s hard for me to ________ my son among them.
A．bring out B．pick out
C．pick up D．bring up
答案　B
解析　句意为：学生们都穿着同样的校服。因此，对我来说在他们当中认出我儿子有点儿难。pick out辨认出，挑选出，符合句意。bring out拿出，阐明；pick up捡起来，接收，学会；bring up教育，培养，抚养。
Ⅱ.汉译英
难民需要毯子，更需要食物。(badly off)
The_refugees_are_badly_off_for_blankets，and_even_worse_off_for_food.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
1．With_the_house_empty(因为房子空空的)，he felt lonely.
2．You may find_it_astonishing(感到惊奇) that Charlie was taught to sing as soon as he could speak and dance as soon as he could walk.
3．It hasn’t rained for a month，making_the_crops_hard_to_grow(使庄稼很难生长)．
4．I still remember the time when_I_first_traveled_by_plane(我第一次坐飞机旅行的时候)．
5．The acting is so_convincing_that(如此令人心悦诚服以致于) it makes you believe that it is one of the best meals he has ever tasted!
1 As Victor Hugo once said，“Laughter is the sun that drives winter from the human face”，and up to now nobody has been able to do this better than Charlie Chaplin.维克多·雨果曾经说过：“笑容如阳光，驱赶人们脸上的冬天。”关于这一点，直到今天也没有人能比查理·卓别林做得更好。
1 as引导限制性定语从句，从句前边有such，as，so，the same修饰。
2 as引导非限制性定语从句，指代主句的内容，在从句中作主语或宾语。
We were sitting，as I remember，in a riverside restaurant.我记得我们当时是坐在一个河畔的餐馆里。
Such people as were recommended by him were reliable.他所推荐的人是可靠的。
夯实基础
Keep away from such persons ________ will do you no good.
A．as B．that C．like D．who
答案　A
解析　定语从句中先行词persons被such修饰时，关系代词一般用as。as代替persons，在定语从句中充当will do you no good的主语。本题易误选B项。such...that...如此……以致于……，引导结果状语从句，不符合题意。
2 Unfortunately his father died，leaving the family even worse off，so Charlie spent his childhood looking after his sick mother and his brother.不幸的是他的父亲去世了，使得他的家庭状况更糟了，因此查理的童年是在照顾生病的母亲和弟弟中度过的。
现在分词 短语 作结果状语常表示“意料、情理之中”，这种分词的逻辑主语既可以是句子的主语，也可以是前边的整个句子；逻辑主语为前边的整个句子时，其作用相当于一个非限制性定语从句。不定式 短语 作结果状语常表示出乎意料的结果。
The child fell，striking his head against the door.
小孩摔了一跤，头在门上碰了一下。
He hurried to the bus stop，only to find the bus had left.他匆匆地去了车站，结果发现车已离开。
夯实基础
同义句改写
A number of new machines were introduced from abroad，resulting in an increase in production.(用which引导的非限制性定语从句改写句子)
A_number_of_new_machines_were_introduced_from_abroad，which_resulted_in_an_
increase_in_production.
3 Then he picks out the lace of the shoe and eats it as if it were spaghetti.接着他挑出鞋带来吃，像是吃意大利面条一样。
1 as if/though可引导表语从句和状语从句。若表示与现在事实相反的假设，从句谓语动词用过去时；若表示与过去事实相反的情况，从句谓语动词用过去完成时 若从句中有过去时间，则用一般过去时 。
2 如果as if/though引导的从句所表示的内容与事实相符，则使用陈述语气。
3 as if/though引导的从句可用省略形式，后面直接跟名词、不定式、形容词、介词短语或分词。
He acted as if he had nothing to learn.
他表现得好像没有东西可学一样。
It looked as if it had been spray painted.
它看起来好像是喷过漆的。
夯实基础
用所给词的适当形式填空
(1)The patient opened his mouth as if to_say(say) something.
(2)He talks about Hong Kong as if he had_been(be) there before.
(3)Jackie looks after his younger sister as if he were(be) an adult.
用 ing形式改写下列句子
(1)Building socialism is our task.
→Our task is building_socialism.
(2)People are encouraged by his words.
→His words are encouraging.
(3)We must improve our method for working.
→We must improve our working_method.
(4)We watched that she crossed the street.
→We watched her crossing_the_street.
(5)He heard that a song was being sung.
→He heard a song being_sung.
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．It looks ________ you are ill.You should go to see the doctor.
A．as B．as though
C．which D．whether
答案　B
解析　It looks as if/though...为固定句型，表示“看起来似乎……”，故选B项。
2．It rained heavily in the south，________serious flooding in several provinces.
A．caused B．having caused
C．causing D．to cause
答案　C
解析　句意为：南方天降大雨，导致许多省份出现了严重的水灾。动词的现在分词形式在句中作结果状语，强调主句动作发生后所导致的结果。having caused体现的动作先于主句动作发生；to cause说明该动作发生在将来，与事实不符；serious和several这两个形容词都说明结果已经出现。故选项C正确。
3．It is such a good place________everybody wants to visit________it is well known all over the world.
A．which；that B．as；as
C．as；that D．that；as
答案　C
解析　第一空as引导定语从句；第二空that引导结果状语从句。
Ⅱ.汉译英
一对年轻的夫妇坐在船里，一边吃东西一边大声地谈笑，好像他们是世上唯一的人。(as if) (2012·福建·书面表达)
A_young_couple_in_a_boat_were_eating，talking_and_laughing_loudly_as_if_they_were_
the_only_people_in_the_world.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
1．________ is often the case with children，Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived. (2013·陕西，16)
A．It B．That
C．What D．As
答案　D
解析　句意为：就像其他小孩子的情况一样，医生到达时Amy好多了。as is often the case通常就是这样，此处as 引导非限制性定语从句，用来代替后面整个主句的内容。
2．Can you tell the ________ difference between the words “require” and “request”？ I sometimes get puzzled by their meanings. (2012·湖北，27)
A．dramatic B．regional
C．apparent D．subtle
答案　D
解析　句意为：你能区分“require”和“request”的细微差别吗？有时它们的意思使我很困惑。D项意为“细微的”，符合句意。A项意为“戏剧性的”；B项意为“地域性的”；C项意为“显然的”，都与句意不符。
3．The air quality in the city，________ is shown in the report，has improved over the past two months. (2012·福建，23)
A．that B．it C．as D．what
答案　C
解析　句意为：正如报告中所显示的，这个城市的空气质量在过去的两个月已经得到了改善。分析句子结构可知，两个逗号之间的部分为非限制性定语从句；that不能用于引导非限制性定语从句；it和what不能作定语从句的引导词。故选C项。
4．George returned after the war，only ________ that his wife had left him.(2012·山东，26)
A．to be told B．telling
C．being told D．told
答案　A
解析　句意为：战后乔治回到了家，结果被告知说他妻子已离他而去。四个选项均为非谓语动词形式，且本题前半句是个完整的句子，故应考虑非谓语动词作状语的情况。动词不定式作结果状语时表意料之外的结果，前面常有标志词only；而现在分词作结果状语时表自然而然的结果。由语境知应该选动词不定式，他是“被告知”妻子离他而去的，故选A项。
5．She has already tried her best.Please don’t be too________about her job.(2011·江西，33)
A．special B．responsible
C．unusual D．particular
答案　D
解析　句意为：她已经尽力了，请不要过分挑剔她的工作。be particular about...对……苛求、挑剔，是固定结构。
6．I’ve been writing this report________for the last two weeks，but it has to be handed in tomorrow. (2011·浙江，13)
A．finally B．immediately
C．occasionally D．certainly
答案　C
解析　句意为：在过去的两周里，我________在写这份报告，但是明天就必须要上交了。finally最后，终于；immediately立即，马上；occasionally偶尔；certainly当然。根据句意和逻辑，此处应表示没完成之意，所以空格处用occasionally。