人教新课标高考英语一轮复习必修4 Unit 4 Body language

Ⅰ.重点单词识记
1．association / s sI′eI n/ n．社团；联系；联想
2．greet /ɡri t/ vi.& vt.迎接；问候
3．flight /flaIt/ n．飞行，航班
4．approach / ′pr t / vt.& vi.走近；接近；靠近；n.办法；途径；接近
5．major /′meId / adj.主要的
6．dash /d / vi.猛冲；突进
7．adult /′ d lt/ n．成人，成年人；adj.成熟的；成人的
8．likely /′laIklI/ adj.可能的
9．anger /′ ɡ / n．怒气，怒火
10．hug /h ɡ/ vi.& vt.拥抱
11．function /′f k n/ n．功能；作用；vi.起作用；运转
12．ease /i z/ n．安逸；舒适；vt.减轻(痛苦、忧虑)
13．rank /r k/ n．等级；军衔
14．statement /′steItm nt/ n．陈述；说明→state v．陈述
15．represent / reprI′zent/ vt.代表；象征→representation n．表现；描写；表示→representative adj.代表的；典型的；n.代表
16．defend /dI′fend/ vt.保护；保卫→defence n．防御；保卫
17．misunderstand / mIs nd ′st nd/ vt.误解；误会→misunderstanding n．误解；误会
18．spoken /′sp k n/ adj.口语的→unspoken(反义词) adj.未说出口的；非口语的
19．facial /′feI l/ adj.面部的→face n．脸，面部
20．truly /′tru lI/ adv.真实地；真诚地；真正地→true adj.真实的；真正的；→truth n．真相；事实
Ⅱ.重点短语识记
1．defend...against防御；保卫……以免受
2．be_likely_to很可能……；有希望……
3．in_general总的来说；通常
4．at_ease舒适；快活；自由自在
5．lose_face丢脸
6．turn_one’s_back_to背对；背弃
7．shake_hands_with_sb.同某人握手
8．come_up出现；向前
Ⅲ.经典原句默写与背诵
1．The first person to_arrive was Tony Garcia from Colombia，closely followed by Julia Smith from Britain.
第一个到达的是从哥伦比亚来的托尼·加西亚，随后紧跟着的是英国的朱莉娅·史密斯。
2．However，people from places like Spain，Italy or South American countries approach others closely and are_more_likely_to_touch_them.
但是，来自像西班牙、意大利或南美等国家的人会站在离别人很近的地方，而且很可能(用身体)接触对方。
3．Looking_away_from_people_or_yawning will，in most cases，make me appear to be uninterested.
在多数情况下，把眼光从人们身上移开或者打个哈欠，会使我看上去(对此人或此事)不感兴趣。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
1．When you are playing，watch your tone of voice and facial(face) expression.
2．What makes me angry(anger) is not what he said but the manner.
3．Soon afterwards he made his first public statement(state) about the affair.
4．He is a member of Chinese Writers Association(associate)．
5．She is not an outgoing person and she doesn’t let anyone know what she truly(true) felt.
6．Curiously(curious) enough，he seemed to know that already.
7．The body has natural defence/defense_(defend) mechanisms to protect it from disease.
8．Earthenware has an advantage over wood in being more easily(ease) kept clean.
1 represent v.代表；象征 symbolize ；表示；描绘 show ；声称 claim
represent sb./sth.as/to be...宣称某人为……；把某事叙述为……
represent sth.to sb.向某人说明 传达 某事
be representative of是……的代表，是……中典型的
stand for代表；象征
on behalf of sb.＝on one’s behalf为了某人；代替某人
We divided ourselves into different groups which represented different countries，such as China，Japan，America，the UK.
我们分成了几个不同的小组，分别代表不同的国家，例如中国、日本、美国、英国。
(2010·湖南·书面表达)
In the afternoon，you together with some of our student representatives are going to visit the Haihe River and enjoy the beautiful scenery there.
下午你和我们的几个学生代表去参观海河并欣赏那儿的美景。(2011·天津·书面表达)
词义辨析　represent，stand for
(1)represent用来表示“代表某人/某个团体(政府等)”、“某种标志代表什么”、“某物表现的是什么”和“把某人(物)描绘成什么”。
(2)stand for往往用来表示“(字母、数字、符号等)代表什么”。
夯实基础
(1)用represent，stand for的适当形式填空
①The red lines represent railways.
②What does “VIP” stand_for
(2)翻译句子
她代表我们全班参加了这次会议。
She_represented_our_class_to_attend_this_meeting.
2 association n.社团，协会；联系；联想；交往；联合
in association with与……合作
be associated with和……交往；与……有关
associate...with...联系……和……
The association between the two companies stretches back thirty years.
这两家公司的往来可以追溯到30年前。
I haven’t been associated with the project over the last year.
我去年一直没有参与这个项目。
夯实基础
用associate的适当形式填空
(1)He has a shelf full of things，each of which has happy associations for him.
(2)These symptoms are particularly associated with headaches.
3 approach vt.& vi.靠近，接近 draw near ；走近；接洽；n.方法 means ；接近；通道；路径 path，road ；接洽；建议
an approach to... 做某事的 方法/途径；接近，靠近
at the approach of在快到……的时候
be approaching ……快到了
just around/round the corner 时间上 临近地，马上，快要； 距离上 紧邻地，很近地
When I approached，they grew silent.
当我走近时，他们就不说话了。
夯实基础
同义句改写
With the time for graduation approaching，we are busy with our papers.(用corner短语改写句子)
With_the_time_for_graduation_just_around_the_corner，we_are_busy_with_our_papers.
4 defend vt.防御；保护，保卫 protect ；辩解；辩白； 为…… 辩护 to say or write in support of
defend sb./sth.from/against sb./sth.保护某人 物 免受伤害；保卫某人 物
defend oneself against sth.为自己辩护
in defens c e of保卫……；为……辩护
in one’s defense为某人辩护
Every man who could fight was now committed to defend the ridge.
每个能够参加战斗的男子现在都决心要保卫这条山脊。
Police chiefs strongly defended police conduct against a wave of criticism.
针对批评的浪潮，警察局长们极力为警方的行为进行辩护。
图解助记
夯实基础
(1)同义句改写
He has hired a lawyer to defend him against his action.(用defense改写句子)
He_has_hired_a_lawyer_in_his_defense_against_his_action.
(2)翻译句子
防御全面进攻是不可能的。
It_is_impossible_to_defend_against_an_all out_attack.
5 similar adj.相像的；类似的
be similar to和……相似
be similar in在……方面相似
be different from和……不同
be the same as和……一样
My teaching style is similar to that of most other teachers.
我的教学风格和多数教师相似。
夯实基础
用适当的介词填空
(1)Sporting competition is different from other kinds.
(2)You should see something similar to figure 2.
(3)Can we be the same as before
6 rank n.等级；军衔；v.排名；名列；评价
He eventually rose to the rank of captain.
他终于升职当上了船长。
The report ranks the UK 20th out of 22 advanced nations.
报告中把英国排在22个先进国家中的第20位。
夯实基础
完成句子
(1)The United States ranks_first(名列第一) in the mortality force.
(2)This song by Phoenix Legend is quite popular with_people_of_all_ranks(各个基层的人)．
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．The thirteen stars on the American flag ________ the thirteen colonies that announced independence.
A．show B．sign
C．represent D．explain
答案　C
解析　句意为：美国国旗上的十三颗星代表十三个宣布独立的州。represent代表，符合句意。
2．He refused to sell the old house，for it had too many pleasant ________ with his childhood.
A．associations B．communications
C．contacts D．combinations
答案　A
解析　此处association意为“联想”，常用复数形式。
3．At the meeting they discussed three different ________ to the study of mathematics.
A．approaches B．means
C．methods D．ways
答案　A
解析　本题的关键词是题干中的介词to，只有approach才能跟to搭配使用。句意为：他们在会上讨论了三种不同的研究数学的方法。
4．American people are wondering whether the newly elected president and his administration will keep the nation safe and defend it ________ any terrorist attack in the future.
A．to B．on
C．against D．with
答案　C
解析　考查固定短语defend...against保护……免受伤害。
5．Chemistry is his ________ at university.
A．major B．mess
C．defense D．approach
答案　A
解析　major专业，符合语境。
6．Anyone who has spent time with children is aware of the difference in the way boys and girls respond to ________ situations.
A．similar B．alike
C．same D．likely
答案　A
解析　similar相似的，类似的；alike相同的，相像的，通常作表语，不作定语；same相同的，与the连用；likely可能的。由句意知A项正确。
7．The kitchen is often the busiest room in a household；it’s important to make sure it ________ well.
A．smoothes B．functions
C．pays D．measures
答案　B
解析　句意为：……确保它运转正常很重要。function运转，符合句意。
8．Jane’s always nervous when she has to make a speech；she must accustom herself to be ________ when she is with people.
A．at ease B．in disguise
C．at risk D．in relief
答案　A
解析　at ease轻松，安逸，符合语境。
9．He got a high mark，________ first.
A．ranking B．making
C．taking D．sinking
答案　A
解析　句意为：他获得了高分，排名第一。rank排列，符合句意。
10．She felt sorry that she had disturbed the________calmness of a man she respected.
A．regular B．curious
C．usual D．various
答案　C
解析　考查形容词词义辨析。usual作“通(往)常的”或“平常的”讲，是指在某处、某一时间或某人身上所常见的东西或发生的情况。
Ⅱ.汉译英
1．第一幅图告诉我们要脚踏实地，小心不要被暂时的成功冲昏了头脑。(represent)
(2012·上海·书面表达)
The first painting represents that we should remain grounded and be cautious of being carried away with temporary success.
2．随着教师节的临近，今年我们班决定换一种方式举行一场晚会来庆祝这个重要的节日。(approach) (2012·陕西·书面表达)
As_Teachers’_Day_was_approaching,_our_class_decided_to_hold_a_party_to_celebrate_the_important_day_for_a_change_this_year.
3．我曾经有过类似的经历。(similar) (2011·广东·读写任务)
Once_I_had_a_similar_experience.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
1．You say he is easy going，but I never feel at_ease with him.
2．All our officers are trained to defend themselves against knife attacks.
3．In_general，people don’t like to be made fun of.
4．An agreement was reached at last in which neither side lost_face.
5．He turned_his_back_to his friends when he became very rich.
1 in general 总的来说；通常；一般 大体 来说 as a whole；usually
generally speaking总的来说，一般说来
in short/brief/sum简而言之；总之
on the whole＝to be short/brief＝to sum up总的来说
in conclusion总而言之
all in all总的来说
in one/a word总之
In general，China’s painting was flowering after Han Dynasty.
一般来说，中国的绘画在汉朝就已经成熟了。
夯实基础
同义句改写
In general，about 10% of the candidates are eventually offered positions.
Generally speaking，about 10% of the candidates are eventually offered positions.
2 in most cases在大多数情况下；在大多数场合下
in case以防 万一 ,in case of万一……，如果发生……
in any case无论如何，总之
in no case决不 置于句首，引起倒装
as is often the case这是常有的事
as the case may be视情况而定，看状况
It may rain；you’d better take an umbrella in case.
可能会下雨，你最好带把伞，以防万一。
In no case should you give up.你决不应该放弃。
特别提醒
(1)in case可单独使用，也可后接句子，跟句子时，从句中可用虚拟语气(should＋)do。(2)当case作先行词且定语从句中不缺少主要成分时，要用where引导定语从句。
思考　表达“决不”的短语还有：at_no_time，by_no_means，under_no_circumstances，on_no_account，in_no_way，on_no_condition等。
夯实基础
完成句子
(1)As_is_often_the_case_with_him(对他来说这是常有的事)，he was late for class.
(2) Keep the windows closed in_case_it_rains/(should)_rain(以防下雨)．
(3)In no case have_I_noticed_that(注意到那件事)．
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．________，the weather in summer is hot in most parts of China.
A．In general B．In short
C．In danger D．In need
答案　A
解析　句意为：一般说来，中国大多数地区夏天很热。in general一般说来，符合句意。
2．A sign was________to remind the drivers of the danger.
A．sent up B．given up
C．set up D．put up
答案　D
解析　put up张贴，建立，提高；send up发出，发射；give up停止，放弃；set up创立，建立。由句意知选D项。
3．________fire，all exits must be kept clear.
A．In place of B．Instead of
C．In case of D．In spite of
答案　C
解析　本题考查介词短语辨析。句意为：为防火灾，所有疏散通道务必畅通。in case of以防，符合题意。in place of＝instead of取代，替代；in spite of尽管。
Ⅱ.汉译英
1．一般来说这是一个很好的生活原则。(in general)
That’s_a_good_rule_for_life_in_general.
2．下午可能下雨，但无论如何，我们打算回家。(in any case)
It_may_rain_this_afternoon，but_we_are_going_home_in_any_case.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
1．After half an hour of waiting for their flight to arrive，I saw several young people enter the waiting area looking_around_curiously(好奇地向四周张望)．
2．They shook hands and then kissed each other twice on each cheek，since_that_is_the_French_
custom(因为那是法国习俗) when adults meet people they know.
3．She stepped back appearing surprised and put up her hands，as_if_in_defence(好像是在自卫)．
4．But some cultures use_other_greetings_as_well(也会用其他寒暄方式)，such as the Japanese，who prefer to bow.
5．Making_a_fist_and_shaking_it(握紧拳头并摇晃) almost always means that someone is angry and threatening another person.
However，people from places like Spain，Italy or South American countries approach others closely and are more likely to touch them.然而，来自西班牙、意大利或南美国家的人会站在离别人很近的地方，而且很可能接触对方。
be likely to do...可能做……
It is likely that...可能……
It is possible for sb. to do... 某人 可能做……
It is possible that...可能……
It is probable that...可能……
Not likely.不会；不可能。
If this is your first baby，it’s far more likely that you’ll get to the hospital too early.
如果是第一胎，你很有可能会过早地赶到医院。
Very likely he’d told them he had American business interests.
很可能他已经告诉他们自己拥有美国商业利益。
特别提醒
(1)likely既可以用人也可以用物作主语。
(2)possible和probable表示客观上有可能，不能以人作主语。probable的可能性比possible大。
夯实基础
同义句改写
They are likely to be fired by the company because of their fault.(用it作形式主语改写句子)
It_is_likely_that_they_will_be_fired_by_the_company_because_of_their_fault.
用 ing形式改写下列句子
(1)The man who is speaking to the teacher is his father.
→The man speaking_to the teacher is his father.
(2)In the years that followed，he worked even harder.
→In the following years，he worked even harder.
(3)While he was waiting for the bus，he read a copy of China Daily.
→While_waiting_for_the_bus，he read a copy of China Daily.
(4)Her mother died in 1990，and left her with her younger brother.
→Her mother died in 1990，leaving_her with her younger brother.
(5)If you use your head，you will find a way.
→Using_your_head，you will find a way.
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．Relationship is becoming tense.Armed conflict is________to break out between the two countries.
A．likely B．possibly
C．probably D．gradually
答案　A
解析　句意为：关系越来越紧张，两国间有可能发生武装冲突。be likely to do sth.很可能会怎样。四个选项中，只有likely可作形容词，在这里用作表语。
2．While watching television，________.
A．the doorbell rang
B．the doorbell rings
C．we heard the doorbell ring
D．we heard the doorbell rings
答案　C
解析　分词作状语时，分词的逻辑主语一般与句子的主语一致；watching的逻辑主语为指人的词，排除A、B两项；D项作宾补的rings应为动词原形，故排除。
3．________the classroom，the students went out to play football on the playground.
A．Cleaned B．Had cleaned
C．Cleaning D．Having cleaned
答案　D
解析　此处用分词的完成式作状语，表示这一动作发生在主句谓语动词之前。
Ⅱ.汉译英
带件外套，那边可能很冷。(be likely to do...)
Take_a_coat_along；it’s_likely_to_be_cold_down_there.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
1．He may win the competition，________he is likely to get into the national team.
(2013·辽宁，34)
A．in which case B．in that case
C．in what case D．in whose case
答案　A
解析　考查非限制性定语从句。此处为非限制性定语从句，用which引导，in which case意为“在这种情况下”。
2．The lecture, ________at 7∶00 pm last night, was followed by an observation of the moon with telescopes. (2012·湖南，31)
A．starting B．being started
C．to start D．to be started
答案　A
解析　句意为：报告于昨晚七点开始，报告之后便是用望远镜观察月球。start在此用作不及物动词。两个逗号之间的部分为定语，修饰the lecture；the lecture与start之间为主动关系，故选A。
3．Sarah pretended to be cheerful，________ nothing about the argument.(2011·大纲全国Ⅱ，18)
A．says B．said
C．to say D．saying
答案　D
解析　句意为：萨拉假装很开心，对那次争论只字未提。Sarah和say之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故此处用现在分词形式。
4．Tsinghua University，________in 1911，is home to a great number of outstanding figures. (2011·福建，23)
A．found B．founding
C．founded D．to be founded
答案　C
解析　句意为：清华大学，建于1911年，是许多杰出人物的母校。found意指“建立，创立”，与主语Tsinghua University构成逻辑上的动宾关系，故排除表主动关系的B项founding，并且由时间状语in 1911可知，found动作早已完成，可排除表将来动作的D项to be founded，故用过去分词founded表示被动和完成，C项正确。此题中过去分词短语founded in 1911作后置定语，相当于非限制性定语从句which was founded in 1911。
5．Studies show that people are more________to suffer from back problems if they always sit before computer screens for long hours. (2010·陕西，22)
A．likely B．possible C．probable D．sure
答案　A
解析　句意为：研究表明人们如果总是长时间地坐在电脑屏幕前面就更有可能出现背部问题。根据语境，这里表示“更有可能”，所以排除sure，其他几个形容词只有likely能够用人作主语。