人教新课标高考英语一轮复习必修5 Unit 1 Great Scientists

Ⅰ.重点单词识记
1．defeat /dI′fi t/ vt.打败；战胜；使受挫；n.失败
2．attend / ′tend/ vt.照顾；护理；出席；参加
3．expose /Ik′sp z/ vt.暴露；揭露；使曝光
4．cure /kj / n．治愈；痊愈；vt.治愈；治疗
5．challenge /′t lInd / n．挑战；vt.向……挑战
6．absorb / b′z b/ vt.吸收；吸引；使专心
7．suspect /s ′spekt/ vt.认为；怀疑；/′s spekt/ n．嫌疑犯
8．blame /bleIm/ vt.责备；谴责；n.过失；责备
9．pollute /p ′lu t/ vt.污染；弄脏
10．handle /′h ndl/ n．柄；把手；vt.处理；操纵
11．link /lI k/ vt.& n．连接；联系
12．positive /′p z tIv/ adj.积极的；肯定的；确实的
13．reject /rI′d ekt/ vt.拒绝；不接受；抛弃
14．scientific / saI n′tIfIk/ adj.科学的→science n．科学
15．conclude /k n′klu d/ vt.& vi.结束；推断出→conclusion n．结论；结束
16．analyse /′ n laIz/ vt.分析→analysis n．分析
17．announce / ′na ns/ vt.宣布；通告→announcement n．通告
18．instruct /In′str kt/ vt.命令；指示；教导→instruction n．说明；指示
19．contribute /k n′trIbju t/ vt.& vi.捐献；贡献；捐助→contribution n．贡献
20．enthusiastic /In θju zI′ stIk/ adj.热情的；热心的→enthusiasm n．热情
Ⅱ.重点短语识记
1．put_forward提出
2．draw_a_conclusion得出结论
3．expose...to使显露；暴露
4．be_to_blame_for该为……受责备；应为……承担责任
5．link...to...将……和……连接或联系起来
6．apart_from除……之外；此外
7．(be)_strict_with...对……严格的
8．make_sense讲得通；有意义
Ⅲ.经典原句默写与背诵
1．Neither its cause nor its cure was understood.
人们不知它的病源，也不了解它的治疗方法。
2．So many thousands of terrified people died every_time_there_was_an_outbreak.
每次暴发(霍乱)时，都有大批惊恐的百姓病死。
3．To_prevent_this_from_happening again，John Snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies_be_examined.
为防止这种情况再度发生，约翰·斯诺建议所有水源都要经过检测。
4．Only_if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.
只有当你把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能说得清楚。
5．He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with_the_planets_going_round_it and only the moon still going round the earth.
他把固定着的太阳放在太阳系的中心位置上，行星都围绕着太阳转，只有月球仍然绕着地球转。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
1．Astronomy is the scientific(science) study of the sun，moon，stars and other heaven bodies.
2．Your information is inaccurate and your conclusion(conclude) is therefore wrong.
3．Nothing is more valuable(value) than time，but nothing is less valued.
4．Our cook’s sudden announcement(announce) that she was leaving took us quite by surprise.
5．He became a construction(construct) worker after he left school.
6．The Chinese people have made a great contribution(contribute) to the whole world.
7．The leadership of the movement(move) are in agreement on this issue.
8．That painful experience makes them cautious(caution) in the future.
1 conclude v.断定，推断出 decide ；得出结论； 使 结束，终止 end
conclude sth.with...就某事与某人达成协议；以……结束
conclude sth.from...从……推断出……,to conclude最后,arrive at/reach/come to/draw a conclusion得出结论,make a conclusion下结论,in conclusion总之；最后
So what can we conclude from this debate
那么从这场辩论中我们能得出什么结论？
夯实基础
用适当的介词填空
(1)He concluded his speech with a famous saying.
(2)What can we conclude from Stafford’s research
(3)In conclusion，I would like to say how much I have enjoyed myself today.
2 attend v.出席，参加 be present ；照料，护理 take care of ；处理，对付 deal with
attend school/class/church上学/上课/做礼拜
attend on/upon伺候某人；照顾某人
attend to sb./sth.处理；倾听；照料；专心；注意
Thousands of people attended the ceremony.
数千人参加了庆典。
The main thing is to attend to the injured.
首要任务是照顾伤者。
夯实基础
用attend短语的适当形式填空
(1)—Would you like to join us in the game
—I’m afraid not，for I have something important to_attend_to.
(2)I’m staying home tonight to_attend_on my father.
3 expose v.暴露；揭露；使曝光
expose...to使显露；暴露
be exposed to暴露于；经受……
expose sb.to...让某人接触某物；使某人暴露于……
They had not been exposed to most diseases common to urban populations.
城市人口中多数常见的疾病他们都没有接触到。
These units exposed children to many viewpoints of a given issue.
这些单元让孩子们接触到有关某一特定问题的多种观点。
夯实基础
同义句改写
The newspaper exposed his secret to the public.
(1)The_newspaper_let_out_his_secret_to_the_public.(用let out改写句子)
(2)The_newspaper_gave_away_his_secret_to_the_public.(用give away改写句子)
4 cure v.治愈 病人 ；治好 疾病 ；矫正，改正 某人的不良行为 ；解决 问题 ；n.治疗；疗程
cure sb.of...治愈某人的……；矫正某人的……
a cure for...针对……的治疗
An operation finally cured his shin injury.
手术最终治好了他胫部的伤。
We need to cure our environmental problems.
我们需要解决我们的环境问题。
词义辨析　cure，treat
(1)cure表示“治愈”，宾语既可以是人，也可以是疾病，有时也表示“矫正；革除”。
(2)treat表示“治疗”时，多接人作宾语，强调治疗动作，并不说明是否治愈。
夯实基础
用cure，treat的适当形式填空
(1)The doctor was treating the girl who suffered from cancer.
(2)Who was it that cured the old professor of his headache
5 control v.& n.控制；支配
beyond one’s control超过某人控制范围
be under control处于控制之下
be in control of sth. 控制着
in the control of受……的管理
out of control失控；无法管理
lose control of无法控制
You must learn how to control yourself.
你必须学会控制自己的情绪。
Who’s in control of that house
谁掌管那所房子？
夯实基础
同义句改写
(1)He is in control of the club.(用club作主语改写句子)
The_club_is_in_the_control_of_him.
(2)He lost control of his motorbike.(用motorbike作主语改写句子)
His_motorbike_was_out_of_control.
6 absorb v.吸收 液体、气体等 take in ；吸引全部注意力 attract ；使全神贯注 interest sb.very much ；使并入，吞并
absorb one’s attention吸引某人的注意
absorb...from...从……中吸收……
be absorbed in全神贯注于
be absorbed by/into被……吞并 吸引
Plants absorb carbon dioxide from the air and moisture from the soil.
植物从空气中吸收二氧化碳并从土壤中汲取水分。
She was absorbed in the book.
她专心于这本书。
思考　表示“全神贯注”的常见短语还有be lost in，be buried in，fix/focus one’s attention on，devote...to，concentrate one’s mind on，apply oneself to，be addicted to等。
夯实基础
用absorb的适当形式填空
(1)When deeply absorbed in work，which he often was，he would forget all about eating or sleeping.
(2)He had an absorbed look on his face.
7 suspect vt.怀疑；认为；n.被怀疑者；嫌疑犯
suspect sb.to be＋n./adj.怀疑某人……
suspect sb.of doing sth.怀疑某人 做了 某事
be suspicious of/about...对……怀疑
The above complaints are，I suspect，just the tip of the iceberg.
我想，以上的抱怨只是冰山一角。
He resigned after being suspected of theft.
他被怀疑有偷窃行为，随后就辞职了。
夯实基础
(1)同义句改写
I suspect that he is the pickpocket.(用suspect sb.to be...改为简单句)
I_suspect_him_to_be_the_pickpocket.
(2)翻译句子
我开始怀疑他邀请我的动机。
I_began_to_suspect_his_motives_in_inviting_me.
8 blame v.把……归咎于，责怪，指责 say or think sb. is responsible for ；n.过失；责任 responsibility ；责备，指责
blame sb.for...因……而指责某人；把……归咎于某人
blame sth.on sb.把某事归咎于某人
be to blame (for sth.)应承担责任；该受责备(主动形式表被动意义)
accept/bear/take the blame for...对……负责；为……承担责任
put/lay the blame for sth.on sb.把某事的责任推到某人身上
Everybody knows that he is supposed to be to blame for this.
人人皆知他应该为此受到责备。
The president put the blame completely on his opponent.
总统把责任完全推给了他的对手。
词义辨析　accuse，charge，blame
(1)accuse控告，指控；指责，谴责。常用于accuse sb.of (doing) sth.指控某人(做了)某事
(2)charge控告；谴责。常用于charge sb.with (doing) sth.指控某人(做了)某事
(3)blame责备，谴责；归咎于，归罪于(on)。常用于blame sb.for sth.因某事指责某人，blame sth.on sb.把某事归咎于某人
夯实基础
用accuse，charge，blame的适当形式填空
(1)It is obvious that you are to blame for the accident.
(2)She was said to have been charged with drunken driving.
(3)I was told that he was accused of murder.
9 announce vt.宣布，宣告；通知；声称；预示
It is announced that...据称；据宣布……
announce to sb.sth./that...向某人宣布……
make an announcement下通知；宣布
She was planning to announce her engagement to Peter.
她正计划宣布她和彼得订婚一事。
It was announced that new speed restrictions would be introduced.
据宣布，将有新的限速规定出台。
特别提醒
announce后不跟双宾语，即不能说announce sb.sth.，可以说announce to sb.sth.。类似不接双宾语的动词还有：explain，say，report，describe，suggest，mention，express等。
词义辨析　announce，declare
(1)announce指把人们所关心或感兴趣的事情公布于众，尤其是新闻之类的消息。
(2)declare多指正式地当众发布某件大事、要闻或官方立场、态度等，常用于宣战、议和与宣判。
夯实基础
用declare，announce的适当形式填空
(1)The school office announced that the sports meeting would be put off till the next Monday.
(2)It was declared by the government that these small coal mines would be closed.
(3)Our country has declared against any war between South Korea and North Korea，which will be announced.
10 contribute vt.& vi.捐献；捐助 give money or goods to... ；是……的原因之一 be one of the causes of sth. ；贡献；投稿 write...for...
contribute...to...把……贡献给……
contribute to有助于；导致 ＝result in/lead to ；把时间投入到……
make a contribution/contributions to对……作出贡献/捐款
He contributed a lot of good ideas to the discussion.
他在这次讨论中提出很多好的想法。
Would you like to make a contribution to the hospital building fund？你愿意为医院建设基金捐款吗？
图解助记
夯实基础
(1)同义句改写
Various factors contributed to his downfall.
Various factors resulted in/led to/were responsible for/caused his downfall.
(2)翻译句子
适度的运动有益于健康。
A_proper_amount_of_exercise_contributes_to_good_health.
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．I hope the doctor can ________ the pain in my shoulder，but they haven’t found an effective cure.
A．cure B．treat
C．test D．examine
答案　A
解析　句意为：我希望医生能治好我肩膀的疼痛，但是他们还没找到有效的治疗办法。cure治愈，治好；treat治疗，但不强调结果。故A项正确。
2．The car was ________ and knocked into a tree.
A．in control B．out of control
C．in the control D．under control
答案　B
解析　be out of control失去控制。
3．She was so ________ in her job that she didn’t hear someone knocking at the door.
A．absorbed B．attracted
C．drawn D．concentrated
答案　A
解析　只有A项在此可以构成固定搭配be absorbed in“全神贯注于”。
4．—What happened to him
—He was ________ of stealing the ring at the party last night，and the police were looking into the matter.
A．informed B．suspected
C．reminded D．approved
答案　B
解析　考查suspect sb.of doing sth.的被动形式：sb.be suspected of doing sth.某人被怀疑做了某事。
5．Everybody stopped talking and became quiet，for the footsteps ________ the return of the boss.
A．announced B．declared
C．confirmed D．explained
答案　A
解析　announce在此指“报告或预示……到来”。后一分句句意为：因为脚步声就预示着老板回来了。declare一般指在正式场合宣布官方的立场或态度等；confirm确认，证实；explain解释，均不合题意。
6．His profound learning and sharp eyes ________ this new discovery.
A．contributed to B．referred to
C．objected to D．came to
答案　A
解析　contribute to导致，是……的原因之一。
7．The more one is________the English speaking environment，the better he or she will learn the language.
A．exposed to B．filled in
C．caught on D．kept up
答案　A
解析　考查动词短语辨析。句意为：一个人越多地接触说英语的环境就越能学好这门语言。be exposed to暴露于。fill in填充；catch on理解；keep up使不倒下。
8．As nobody here knows what is wrong with the machine，we must send for an engineer to________the problem.
A．handle B．raise
C．face D．present
答案　A
解析　句意为：因为这儿没人知道机器出了什么故障，我们必须派人去请一个工程师来解决这个难题。handle处理，解决；raise提出；face正视；present介绍，呈现，呈递。由句意可知A项正确。
9．I’m________about what I say because careless remarks are likely to hurt others’ feelings.
A．enthusiastic B．curious
C．doubtful D．cautious
答案　D
解析　考查形容词辨析。be cautious about对……小心谨慎，谨慎于……。句意为： 我对我所说的话很谨慎，因为大意的评论很可能会伤害别人的感情。
Ⅱ.汉译英
1．实话实说，这件事怪苏，但是李也应受指责。(be to blame)(2012·江苏·书面表达)
To_be_honest,_it_was_Su’s_fault，but_Li_was_also_to_blame.
2．他突然想到第二天早晨他有个会议要参加。(attend)(2011·湖北·完成句子)
It_(suddenly)_occurred_to_him_that_he_had_an_important_conference_to_attend_the_next_morning.
3．总之，全世界的人都应该意识到水短缺的真正形势。(conclusion)(2010·福建·书面表达)
In_conclusion，people_around_the_world_should_be_aware_of_the_real_situation_of_water_shortage.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
lead to　make sense　put forward　draw a conclusion,apart from
1．It does not make_any_sense to buy that expensive coat when these are cheaper.
2．We have_put_forward the date of our wedding by one week.
3．It is said that a cigarette end led_to the forest fire.
4．He is easy to get along with.Apart_from that，he is a determined boy.
5．From what is said above，we can draw_a_conclusion that computers are more a blessing than a disaster.
1 put forward提议，提出 suggest ；拿出；推荐 recommend ；将……提前
put away将……收起；把……放回原处；积蓄
put aside忽视；不理睬；储存
put off延期
put out扑灭
put in放入；把……写进 信函、故事等
May I put your name forward as a possible chairman of the committee
我可否提名你为该委员会主席的人选？
夯实基础
用put短语的适当形式填空
(1)Far water doesn’t put_out near fire.
(2)Encourage children to put_aside some of their pocket money to buy Christmas presents.
(3)The Association has put the event off until October.
(4)Her bed was neatly made，her clothes put_away.
2 apart/aside from除……之外；此外
表示“除……之外”的短语：
apart from/aside from除……之外，根据上下文的不同，可以分别相当于besides，except或except for。
besides＝in addition to除……之外(还，也)，常与also，more，other等连用。
except除……外(都)……，常与all，every，no，none，nothing等含有整体肯定或否定意义的词连用。
except for除……以外，其后所跟的词往往与前面的不是同一类的，是指整体中除去的一个细节或某一方面。
Apart from the cost，the dress doesn’t suit me.
姑且不论价格，这件衣服也不适合我。
夯实基础
用besides，except，except for，apart from填空
(1)All the students took part in the sports meeting except/apart_from Tom.
(2)We need three more chairs besides/apart_from these two.
(3)Apart_from/Except_for the ending，it’s a really good film.
3 make sense讲得通；有意义 have a meaning ；表述清楚
in a sense在某种意义上；在某种程度上
in no sense决不；无论如何
make sense of弄懂……的意思；理解
have a sense of有……感
There is no sense in doing...做某事是不明智的。
I thought what he said made sense and I got in touch with him.我认为他所说的有道理，并与他取得了联系。
Do you have a good sense of direction
你的方向感好不好？
夯实基础
(1)用sense的相关短语填空
①In_a_sense，I can’t agree with what you said.
②In_no_sense is that statement correct.
(2)翻译句子
①读读这篇文章，告诉我通不通。
Read_this_passage_and_tell_me_if_it_makes_sense.
②现在没有必要为失败苦恼。
There’s_no_sense_in_getting_upset_about_failure.
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．In my opinion，the answer to the question you gave us just now doesn’t make any ________.
A．idea B．meaning
C．sense D．point
答案　C
解析　考查固定短语make sense在否定句中的运用。
2．________cleaning the yard and making up the beds for the old，you should also take care of the baby.
A．Except for B．Rather than
C．Apart from D．Instead of
答案　C
解析　考查短语辨析。apart from具有两种不同的含义：一是表排除或例外；二是表包括。根据also可知，需要做的包括cleaning the yard和making up the beds这两件事，故用apart from，在此表“包括”。except for除……之外(表排除)；rather than而不是；instead of代替。
3．The workers will go on strike if the demands they________are turned down.
A．put aside B．put through
C．put forward D．put away
答案　C
解析　考查动词短语辨析。句意为：如果工人们提出的要求被拒绝的话，他们会继续罢工。put forward提出(主意、计划等)，符合句意。put aside把……放在一边；put through接通电话；put away把……收起来，均不符合句意。
Ⅱ.汉译英
1．会议提前了半小时。(put forward)
The_meeting_was_put_forward_half_an_hour.
2．除了封面破了，它是本好书。(apart from)
It_is_a_good_book，apart_from_the_torn_cover.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
1．The cleaner gets_paid_by_the_hour(按小时领取报酬)．
2．She has_water_delivered_from_the_pump_to_her_house(从水泵打水运到家里来) every day.
3．He got/became_interested_in(产生兴趣) two theories explaining how cholera killed people.
4．Science can not develop unless_people_publish_their_ideas(除非人们公布他们的观点)．
5．She’ll have a chance to get well only_if_she_has_a_strong_will(唯有她有坚强的意志) to live.
He did not want to be attacked by the Christian Church，so he only published it as he lay dying in 1543.他不想遭到基督教会的攻击，所以他直到1543年临终前才公布了这一观点。
1 形容词dying在句中作状语，说明谓语动词lay发生时，主语所处的状态。
2 形容词 短语 作状语在句中还可以表示行为方式、伴随状况、原因、时间或条件等。
One woman was lying in bed，awake，listening to the rushing wind.
有一个女人躺在床上，毫无睡意，听着疾驰而过的大风。
夯实基础
完成句子
(1)Happy_and_satisfied (既高兴又满意)，she suddenly appeared.
(2)The boy ran home，full_of_fear (满怀恐惧的)．
根据句意补全句子
(1)The United States is a country which has developed.
→The United States is a developed country.
(2)He told us of the great wrong which had been done to him.
→He told us of the great wrong done to him.
(3)The children are excited (excite) about going to the zoo.
(4)Everybody was shocked (shock) to hear the death of the famous film star.
(5)There are four used (use) stamps.
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．The frightened thief hid himself in the dark corner of the yard，________，staring at the open door.
A．quiet and cold B．quietly and coldly
C．quiet and coldly D．quietly and cold
答案　A
解析　quiet and cold为形容词短语作状语。
2．—Do you still believe in love
—Absolutely.It is not time, money, power or whatever but love________cures our pain.
A．who B．which
C．that D．what
答案　C
解析　考查强调句。这是一个“It is...that...”强调结构。强调部分为“not time, money, power or whatever but love”，使用了“not...but...”结构。
3．He looked quite ________ at the sight of the result.
A．satisfied B．satisfying
C．satisfactory D．being satisfied
答案　A
解析　看上去满意，说明的是主语表示的人所处的一种心理状态，故用satisfied。
Ⅱ.汉译英
他连声道歉地朝我们走来。(形容词短语作状语)
He_approached_us，full_of_apologies.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
1．When the group discussion is nearing its end，make sure to ________ it with important points. (2013·浙江，9)
A．conclude B．lead
C．avoid D．hold
答案　A
解析　句意为：当小组讨论接近尾声时，一定要用几条要点作为结束。conclude下结论，符合题意。lead 引领；avoid 避免；hold举行。其中nearing its end为重要信息提示。
2．At the last moment，Tom decided to________a new character to make the story seem more likely. (2013·新课标全国Ⅰ，30)
A．put up B．put in
C．put on D．put off
答案　B
解析　考查动词短语辨析。句意为：在最后关头，Tom决定添加一个新的角色以使故事感觉更真实。put up举起，建造，提出，使升高；put in加入，添加；put on穿上；put off下车，脱掉，推迟。
3．After completing and signing it，please return the form to us in the envelope ________.
(2012·山东，35)
A．providing B．provided
C．having provided D．provide
答案　B
解析　句意为：填完并签字后，把表格装在提供的信封里给我们带回来。envelope与provide之间存在被动关系，选项中只有B项为过去分词表被动，故为正确答案。
4．Sailing across the ocean alone was an achievement________took courage.(2012·上海春招)
A．what B．who
C．which D．where
答案　C
解析　考查定语从句的关系词。此处achievement在定语从句中作主语。句意为：一个人跨越大洋航行本身就是一种需要勇气的成就。
5．________ good service，the restaurant offers different kinds of traditional Fujian dishes.
(2011·福建，22)
A．Far from B．Apart from
C．Instead of D．Regardless of
答案　B
解析　句意为：除了良好的服务以外，这家餐馆还提供不同种类的传统福建美食。far from离……远，远非；apart from除……之外(还)；instead of代替，而不是；regardless of不管。由句意可知B项正确。
6．Planning so far ahead ________ no sense—so many things will have changed by next year. (2011·新课标全国Ⅰ，23)
A．made B．is making
C．makes D．has made
答案　C
解析　句意为：这么早就作计划是没有意义的——到了明年，有许多情况会发生变化。此处说明现在的事实，故用一般现在时。部分考生由于受so far的影响会误选D，其实这儿的so far不是表示“到目前为止”的那个短语so far，此处so是用来修饰短语far ahead的，far ahead很早，so far ahead如此早。B项is making为现在进行时，不合题意，可排除；根据时态一致原则，A项made也可排除。