人教新课标高考英语一轮复习必修5 Unit 3 Life in the future

Ⅰ.重点单词识记
1．representative / reprI′zent tIv/ n．代表；典型人物；adj.典型的；有代表性的
2．previous /′pri vΙ s/ adj.在前的；早先的
3．uncertain / n′s tn/ adj.不确切的；无把握的
4．tolerate /′t l reIt/ vt.容忍；忍受
5．adjustment / ′d stm nt/ n．调整；调节
6．fasten /′fɑ sn/ vt.系牢；扎牢
7．guide /ɡaId/ n．指导；向导；导游；vt.指引；指导
8．lack /l k/ vi.& vt.缺乏；没有；n.缺乏；短缺的东西
9．instant /′Inst nt/ n．瞬间；片刻；adj.立即的；立刻的
10．aspect /′ spekt/ n．方面；层面
11．material /m ′tI rI l/ n．原料，材料
12．recycle / ri ′saIkl/ vt.回收利用；再利用
13．motivation / m tI′veI n/ n．动机
14．switch /swIt / n．开关；转换；vt.转换
15．greedy /′ɡri dI/ adj.贪吃的；贪婪的；贪心的
16．impression /Im′pre n/ n．印象；感想；印记→impress vt.使(某人)印象深刻
17．constant /′k nst nt/ adj.时常发生的；连续不断的→constantly adv.不断地
18．press /pres/ vi.& vt.按；压；逼迫；n.按；压；印刷；新闻→pressure n．压力
19．optimistic / ptI′mIstIk/ adj.乐观的；乐观主义的→pessimistic(反义词)adj.悲观的；悲观主义的
20．surroundings /s ′ra ndI z/ n．环境；周围的事物→surrounding adj.周围的
Ⅱ.重点短语识记
1．take_up拿起；接受；开始；继续
2．lose_sight_of...看不见……
3．catch_sight_of...瞥见……
4．sweep_up打扫；横扫
5．speed_up加速
6．assist_in帮助；援助；协助
7．slide_into移动；溜进……
8．be_back_on_one’s_feet恢复；完全复原
9．in_no_time立刻
Ⅲ.经典原句默写与背诵
1．At first my new surroundings were_difficult_to_tolerate.一开始我周围新的环境让人难以忍受。
2．The air seemed thin，as_though its combination of gases had_little_oxygen_left.
空气似乎很稀薄，好像在混合的气体中氧气剩下的很少。
3．Hit_by_a_lack_of_fresh_air，my head ached.
由于缺乏新鲜空气，我感到头痛。
4．However，I lost sight of Wang Ping when we reached what_looked_like_a_large_market because of too many carriages flying by in all directions.
然而，当我们到达了一个看上去像是大市场的地方时，由于太多车子朝四面八方飞奔，我看不见王平了。
5．Just at that moment I had a “time lag” flashback and saw the area again as_it_had_been in the year AD 2008.
就在这个时候，我得到一次“时间滞后”的闪回，这样就再次看到了似乎是2008年的那个地方。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
1．I will tell him this thing instantly(instant) he arrives.
2．The government consists of two representative(represent) assemblies.
3．There is pressure on the government to settle(settlement) the problem.
4．There is a political motivation(motivate) for these actions.
5．The roots of the plants are greedy(greed) for water.
6．The boat was large enough to receive(receiver) ten people.
7．Alice gives the impression(impress) of being younger than she really is.
8．We are constantly(constant) telling him to work hard.
1 guide n.指南；指导；导游；向导 a person who shows the way ；vt.给某人领路 show the way ；指引，指导 direct ；影响 influence ；解释，阐明 explain
guide sb.to...引导某人到……
under one’s guidance＝under the guidance of sb.,在某人的指导下
We’ve arranged a walking tour of the city with your guide.
我们已安排大家在你的带领下步行游览这座城市。
夯实基础
用适当的介词填空
(1)It was she that guided the blind man to the street.
(2)Activities all take place under the guidance of an experienced tutor.
2 tolerate vt.容忍；忍受；宽容
tolerate sb.doing sth.容忍/忍受某人做某事
have tolerance for忍受……
beyond tolerance无法忍受
be tolerant of容忍……
He won’t tolerate anyone questioning his decisions.
他不能容忍别人对他的决定提出质疑。
Perhaps you need to be tolerant of your neighbors.
或许你应该对你的邻居宽容些。
夯实基础
用适当的介词填空
(1)Perhaps you should be more tolerant of your little sister.
(2)I have a high tolerance for that stuff.
(3)He was beyond tolerance at last，and left angrily.
3 lack vi.& vt.缺乏；没有 have none or not enough ；n.缺乏；短缺的东西
a lack of缺少……
for/through lack of因缺少……
no lack of ……充足的
lack in...在……方面缺乏
lack for sth.缺少某物
Despite his lack of experience，he got the job.
他虽然经验不足，但还是获得了这份工作。
It lacks the power of the Italian cars.
它没有意大利汽车动力强劲。
夯实基础
同义句改写
The green hand is lacking in practical experience.(用short改写句子)
The green hand is short of practical experience.
4 press n.压，按，挤；记者 journalists ；新闻界 newspapers or magazines ；v.按，压 push ；催促；敦促
press sth.on sb.把 想法等 强加于……
press...against把……压/贴在……上
in/at press在印刷中
off press已出版；已发行
under pressure在压力下
put pressure on sb.给某人施加压力
She pressed her guests to stay a little longer.
她力劝客人们多待一会儿。
夯实基础
(1)用适当的介词填空
①With one problem pressing on his mind，he felt stressed.
②You can buy this kind of book everywhere，for it is still in/at press.
(2)翻译句子
据新闻报道来看，这次音乐会取得了巨大成功。
To_judge_from/Judging_from_the_press，the_concert_was_a_great_success.
5 switch v.转变；转换 change；exchange ；n.开关；转换
switch on接上；打开
switch off切断；关掉
switch over转换频道；转变
switch to变换到……
make a switch进行改变
There has been a switch in our plans.
我们的计划有变。
Switch off when you’ve finished using the electric typewriter.
电动打字机用完后，要关掉开关。
夯实基础
用switch短语的适当形式填空
(1)Switch_over if you don’t like the programme.
(2)When I switched_on the light，I found the room robbed.
6 optimistic adj.乐观的；乐观主义的
be optimistic about/that...对……乐观
be pessimistic about对……悲观
She’s not very optimistic about the outcome of the talks.
她对会谈的结果不太乐观。
The president says she is optimistic that an agreement can be worked out soon.
总统说她对很快达成协议持乐观态度。
夯实基础
同义句改写
The experts are optimistic about our success.(改为复合句)
The_experts_are_optimistic_that_we_will_succeed.
7 instant adj.立即的；立刻的；速食的；n.瞬间；片刻
in an instant立刻，马上
at that instant当时，那一刻
for an instant片刻，一会儿
instantly/the instant that 一……就…… 用作连词，引导时间状语从句
I need an instant reply.我需要立即的答复。
夯实基础
(1)同义句改写
Instantly I saw him，I knew he was the man the police were looking for.(用no sooner...than改为倒装句)
No_sooner_had_I_seen_him_than_I_knew_he_was_the_man_the_police_were_looking_for.
(2)翻译句子
她一看见我就把我认出来了。
She_recognized_me_instantly_she_caught_sight/a_glimpse_of_me.
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．Guangzhou Overseas Chinese Hospital provides psychological ________ treatment to patients.
A．instruction B．deadline
C．direction D．guidance
答案　D
解析　句意为：广州华侨医院为病人提供心理指导治疗。guidance意为“指导”，符合题意。
2．Some old people don’t like pop songs because they can’t ________ so much noise.
A．resist B．suffer
C．tolerate D．undergo
答案　C
解析　句意为：有些年纪大的人不喜欢流行歌曲，因为他们受不了那么多的吵闹声。tolerate忍受，符合题意。
3．He told me to ________ the button to pause.
A．press B．impress
C．express D．switch
答案　A
解析　句意为：他叫我摁按钮暂停。press压，按，符合句意。
4．We made a ________ to our schedule to go swimming when it started to rain.
A．turn B．switch
C．decision D．exchange
答案　B
解析　make a switch进行改变，固定短语。
5．________ that the government can lead us out of the financial crisis，we are optimistic ________ the future of our country.
A．Convinced；about B．Convincing；about
C．Convinced；of D．Convincing；of
答案　A
解析　(be) convinced that...相信……；be optimistic about对……乐观。
6．You see the lightning ________ it happens，but you hear the thunder later.
A．the instant B．for an instant
C．on the instant D．in an instant
答案　A
解析　句意为：闪电一发生你就看见闪光，但过一会儿才听到雷声。the instant一……就……，引导时间状语从句，符合题意。for an instant一瞬间；in an instant很快，马上。
7．We could hardly believe what she says because she is________changing her mind.
A．regularly B．steadily
C．suddenly D．constantly
答案　D
解析　句意为：我们几乎不能相信她说的话，因为她总是不断地改变主意。regularly定期地；steadily稳定地；suddenly突然；constantly不断地。由句意知选D项。
Ⅱ.汉译英
1．风筝一直飘在空中那是因为它被系在一个卷轴上，否则，它会立刻失去平衡最终撞到地面上。(instantly) (2012·上海·书面表达)
A_kite_stays_afloat_because_it’s_attached_to_a_reel;_otherwise_it_will_instantly_lose_its_balance_before_eventually_crashing_into_the_ground.
2．作为一名年轻的学生，我建议Global Mirror应该多刊载一些指导我们学习英语的文章。(guide) (2011·大纲全国Ⅱ·书面表达)
As_a_young_student，I_suggest_that_Global_Mirror_carry_articles_to_guide_us_in_our_
English_learning.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
1．I watched the plane go higher and higher until I lost_sight_of it.
2．The project had to be given up for lack_of money.
3．I’ll take_up the story where I finished yesterday.
4．The boy was almost frightened to death when he caught_sight_of the snake.
5．They have_sped_up the production of the new car in order to meet people’s requirements.
1 take up拿起 pick up，lift ；接受 accept ；开始；继续 continue ；占用 fill or use space or time ；从事
take down拆除；写下,take on呈现；雇用；承担
take over接管；承袭
take off脱掉；起飞；成功；开始流行
take...into consideration/account把……考虑进去
He did not particularly want to take up a competitive sport.
他并不特别想从事竞技体育运动。
夯实基础
用take短语的适当形式填空
(1)I put the telephone down and took_up my work again.
(2)It successfully took_over sky news，a popular news channel running in the UK since 1989.
(3)Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and being reduced to ruins，the city took_on a new look.
2 speed up加速；加快
at high/low/full/top speed以高/低/全/最高速
at a speed of以……速度
pick up/gather speed加速
slow down减速
We must speed up the pace of our economic reform.
我们必须加快经济改革的步伐。
Even worse，if there were no change about that，diseases would spread at a very quick speed.
更糟的是，如果没有变化，疾病就会快速蔓延。
夯实基础
完成句子
(1)Mark needn’t have hurried.After driving at_top_speed(以最高速)，he arrived half an hour early.
(2)The police car is running at_a_speed_of(以……速度) 100 miles per hour to chase after the truck ahead of it.
(3)The car slowed_down(减速) as they passed Customs.
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．After retiring from teaching，he was advised to ________ gardening as a hobby.
A．take away B．take off
C．take down D．take up
答案　D
解析　take up意为“从事”，符合题意。
2．They tried to find a table for two.But they were all________.
A．given away B．kept away
C．taken up D．used up
答案　C
解析　考查动词短语辨析。句意为：他们试图找到两个人的桌子，但它们都被占了。give away发出，分发；keep away使不靠近；take up占据，占用；use up用尽。
3．If we want to arrive at the village on time，we’d better________.
A．sweep up B．speed up
C．call up D．turn up
答案　B
解析　speed up加速，符合句意。sweep up清扫，掠过；call up给……打电话，使回忆起；turn up出现，找到，调高(音量等)。
Ⅱ.汉译英
1．这架钢琴太占地方了。(take up)
The_piano_takes_up_too_much_room.
2．火车逐渐加速。(speed up)
The_train_gradually_speeded_up.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
1．Why_don’t_you_think_they_will(你为什么认为他们不会) arrive on time
2．A modern city has been set up in what_was_a_wasteland_10_years_ago(十年前是一个垃圾场的地方)．
3．Remind_him_to_close_the_window(提醒他关上窗子) when he leaves.
4．Worried_about_the_journey(担心这次旅行)，I was unsettled for the first few days.
5．Exhausted(累极了)，I slid into bed and fell fast asleep.
1 Hit by a lack of fresh air，my head ached.由于缺乏新鲜空气，我感到头痛。
过去分词或过去分词短语在句中作状语时，可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式、伴随情况等，表示被动与完成。使用时应注意两点：一是过去分词的逻辑主语必须与句子主语一致；二是过去分词表示的动作与句子的主语为被动与完成关系。
Given a wrong number，I couldn’t contact him over phone.因为给错了号码，所以我没能够与他电话联系上。
夯实基础
(1)用所给词的适当形式填空
①Well managed (manage)，his business soon took off.
②The woman scientist entered the room，followed (follow) by her assistants.
③Caught(catch) in a heavy rain，he was late for work again.
(2)翻译句子
若给我们机会，我们会让世人惊奇。
Given_a_chance，we_can_surprise_the_world.
2 “Why not sit down and eat a little？” he said.“为什么不坐下来吃点东西呢？”他说道。
why not有三重含义： 1 表示对否定陈述的回答“为什么不；为什么是那样？”； 2 表示建议“为什么不干……呢？做……如何？”； 3 表示同意“当然可以，好啊”。why not跟不带to的动词不定式，用来提出建议，表示“为什么不……”，即Why not do...？＝Why don’t/won’t you do...？
Why not go out for a walk？为何不出去散散步呢？
夯实基础
完成句子
(1)—Let’s go to see the movie.
—Why_not
——我们去看电影吧。
——好啊。
(2)Why_not_write_to_her？She needs your advice.
为什么不给她写信呢？她需要你的建议。
3 Well，now there’s a system where the waste is disposed of using the principles of ecology.哦，现在有一种装置，能利用生态学原理来处理掉废弃物。
这是一个主从复合句。where在句中引导定语从句，修饰先行词a system。where还可以引导定语从句修饰抽象地点名词，如：point，stage，case，situation，condition，position，environment，activity，race，job，scene等。
He got into a situation where it is hard to decide what is right and wrong.他陷入一种难以分辨是非的局面。
夯实基础
It’s helpful to put children in a situation ________they can see themselves differently.
A．that B．when C．which D．where
答案　D
解析　当先行词为situation，case，stage，point等时，若定语从句中缺少状语，则定语从句的引导词为where。
用所给词的适当形式填空
(1)His satisfied (satisfy) look suggested that he was satisfied with the result.
(2)We are doing our written (write) exercises when he cleans the fallen (fall) leaves.
(3)Mr.Smith，tired (tire) of the boring speech，started to read a novel.
(4)Sent (send) to the hospital immediately，the wounded (wound) soldier was saved.
(5)Given (give) time，he’ll make a first class tennis player.
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．—It’s a long time since I saw my sister.
—________ her this weekend
A．Why not visit B．Why not to visit
C．Why not visiting D．Why don’t visit
答案　A
解析　本题考查表示建议的句式：Why not do sth.？为何不做某事呢？相当于Why don’t you do sth.？。
2．His head soon appeared out of the window of the second floor，________he could see nothing but trees.
A．from where B．from which
C．which D．there
答案　A
解析　考查“介词＋关系代词”。from where指从窗户所在的地方，相当于from there。
3．Tom ________ in the library every night over the last three months.
A．works B．worked
C．has been working D．had been working
答案　C
解析　句意为：在过去的三个月里，汤姆每天晚上都在图书馆工作。根据时间状语over the last three months可知，本句应该用现在完成进行时，故C项正确。
4．We haven’t discussed yet________we are going to place our new furniture.
A．that B．which C．what D．where
答案　D
解析　句意为：我们尚未讨论我们将把新家具安置在哪儿。discussed后的宾语从句中的主、谓、宾成分完整，只有where可以在宾语从句中作地点状语，故D项正确。
5．He is willing to have dinner in the restaurant because he always gets well________there.
A．serving B．to be served
C．being served D．served
答案　D
解析　考查特殊形式的被动语态。get有时相当于be，可与过去分词连用，构成被动语态，此处gets well served相当于is well served。
Ⅱ.汉译英
1．为什么现在不回家呢？(why not...)
Why_not_go_home_now
2．把书放在你容易找到的地方。(where引导定语从句)
Keep_the_books_in_a_place_where_you_can_find_them_easily.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
1．He wrote a letter ________ he explained what had happened in the accident.(2013·江西，33)
A．what B．which C．where D．how
答案　C
解析　本题考查定语从句的引导词。句意为：他写了一封信，在信中他解释了事故中发生的事情。本句是定语从句，首先排除A、D两项，what和how不引导定语从句。定语从句中主谓宾俱全，缺少状语，因此排除B项。where在本句中相当于in which。
2．________in the early 20th century，the school keeps on inspiring children’s love of art. (2013·安徽，32)
A．To found B．Founding
C．Founded D．Having founded
答案　C
解析　句意为：这所学校创建于20世纪早期，它一直激励着孩子们对于艺术的热爱。the school与found之间构成被动关系，故应用过去分词作状语。
3．Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment________they live.
(2013·四川，9)
A．what B．which C．when D．where
答案　D
解析　句意为：现在人们更加关注他们生活的环境。本题考查定语从句的用法。environment为先行词且在定语从句中作地点状语，故选D项。
4．Time，________ correctly, is money in the bank. (2012·湖南，23)
A．to use B．used C．using D．use
答案　B
解析　句意为：使用得当，时间就是银行里的钱。要填的是非谓语形式，而且use和主语time是动宾关系，所以要用过去分词表被动，相当于一个条件状语从句：if it (time) is used correctly。
5．They are broadening the bridge to ________ the flow of traffic. (2011·山东，25)
A．put off B．speed up C．turn on D．work out
答案　B
解析　句意为：他们正拓宽桥面来加快车流速度。put off推迟，推延；speed up加快速度；turn on打开，接通，取决于；work out算出，弄懂，产生结果。由题干中的关键信息broadening和the flow of traffic可知此处填speed up“加快速度”。
6．Jenny was looking for a seat when，luckily，a man________and left. (2010·四川，8)
A．took up B．got up C．shut up D．set up
答案　B
解析　句意为：珍妮正在找座位，这时，很幸运的是，有一个人站起来走了。take up占据，开始从事；get up起床，起身；shut up闭嘴；set up建立，创立。由句意知选B项。
7．More and more high rise buildings have been built in big cities________space.
(2010·福建，27)
A．in search of B．in place of
C．for lack of D．for fear of
答案　C
解析　句意为：由于缺乏空间，在大城市里已经建起了越来越多的高层建筑。in search of寻找，搜寻；in place of代替；for lack of由于缺乏；for fear of由于害怕。根据句意应选C项。