人教新课标高考英语一轮复习必修5 Unit 5 First Aid

Ⅰ.重点单词识记
1．temporary /′temp r rI/ adj.暂时的；临时的
2．choke /t k/ vi.& vt.(使)噎住；(使)窒息
3．complex /′k mpleks/ adj.复杂的
4．vital /′vaItl/ adj.至关重要的；生死攸关的
5．ceremony /′serIm nI/ n．典礼；仪式
6．aid /eId/ n．& vt.帮助；援助；资助
7．pour /p (r)/ vt.& vi.倒；灌；注；涌
8．variety /v ′raI tI/ n．变化；多样(化)；多变(性)→various adj.各种各样的
9．unbearable / n′be r bl/ adj.难以忍受的；不能容忍的→unbearably adv.承受不住地；不堪忍受地
10．tight /taIt/ adj.牢的；紧的；紧密的→tightly adv.紧地；牢牢地
11．firm /f m/ adj.坚定的；稳定有力的→firmly adv.坚固地；稳定地
12．apply / ′plaI/ vt.涂；敷；搽；应用；运用；vi.申请；请求；使用；有效→application n．应用；使用；申请→applicant n．申请人
13．pressure /′pre / n．压力；挤压；压迫(感)→press vi.& vt.按；压；挤
14．injury /′Ind rI/ n．损伤；伤害→injure vt.弄伤……，损伤→injured adj.受伤的
15．bleed /bli d/ vi.& vt.流血→blood n．血，血液
16．poison /′p Izn/ n．毒药；毒害；vt.毒害；使中毒→poisonous adj.有毒的；有害的
17．treat /tri t/ vt.& vi.治疗；对待；款待；n.款待；招待→treatment n．治疗；处理；对待
18．mild /maIld/ adj.轻微的；温和的；温柔的→mildly adv.轻微地；温和地
19．swell /swel/ vi.& vt.(使)膨胀；隆起→swollen adj.肿胀的
20．bravery /′breIv rI/ n．勇敢；勇气→brave adj.勇敢的
Ⅱ.重点短语识记
1．fall_ill生病
2．electric_shock触电；电休克
3．squeeze_out榨出；挤出
4．over_and_over_again反复；多次
5．in_place在适当的位置；适当
6．a_number_of若干；许多
7．put_one’s_hands_on找到
8．first_aid急救
9．make_a_difference起(重要)作用；有影响
10．apply_to应用于，适用于
Ⅲ.经典原句默写与背诵
1．The functions of your skin are also very complex：it keeps you warm or cool；it prevents your body from losing too much water；it is where_you_feel_cold，heat or pain and it gives you your sense of touch.
皮肤的功能十分复杂。皮肤可以保暖或御寒，保持体内水分；正是皮肤使你感到冷热、疼痛，它还使你有触觉。
2．Remove clothing using scissors if necessary unless_it_is_stuck_to_the_burn.
除非衣服粘贴在烧伤面上，否则都要把它脱掉。如果需要的话，可以使用剪刀。
3．If burns are on arms or legs，keep them higher than the heart，if_possible.
如果烧伤的部位在臂部或腿部，尽可能把手臂或腿抬到高于心脏的位置。
4．John was_studying in his room when he heard screaming.
约翰正在房里学习，突然听到一声尖叫。
5．There_is_no_doubt_that John’s quick thinking and the first aid skills he learned at school saved Ms Slade’s life.
毫无疑问，是约翰敏捷的思维和在学校所学的急救技术使得斯莱德女士得救了。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
1．The group tried to put pressure(press) on the government to act.
2．The driver of the car received serious injuries(injure) to the legs and arms.
3．Someone had been poisoning(poisonous) his food.
4．The expert has a language barrier in attending such an important meeting，but he should be praised for his bravery(brave)．
5．The operation is very complex；besides，the long time needed is unbearable(bearable)．
6．Her swollen wound is getting worse；so an ambulance(ambulant) has been sent for.
7．The passengers tightly(tight) packed in the train.
8．Modern day horse breeds come in a wide variety(various) of shapes and sizes.
1 injury n.伤口；伤害；损害
injure v.伤害；损害
injured adj.受伤的
The two other passengers escaped serious injury.
另外两名乘客逃过一劫，未受重伤。
A number of bombs have exploded，seriously injuring at least five people.
数个炸弹爆炸，造成至少5人重伤。
图解助记
词义辨析　injure，hurt，harm，wound
(1)injure意为“伤害，损害”，一般指由于意外或事故而造成伤害，也表示损害名誉、伤害感情等。
(2)hurt意为“疼痛，受伤”，既可以指肉体上的伤害，尤指让身体某一部位受伤；也可以指精神上的伤害，常有强烈的疼痛感。
(3)harm意为“伤害”，用于肉体或精神上的伤害，有时也指引起不安或不便。
(4)wound意为“受伤，伤口”，通常指武器的伤害，如刀、枪等的伤害，尤其是指战场上的伤害。
夯实基础
用injure，hurt，harm，wound的适当形式填空
(1)It hurt me to think that he would lie to me.
(2)Two women have been badly injured in the accident.
(3)Luckily no one got wounded in the battle.
(4)He hurt his back when playing squash(壁球)．
(5)Don’t harm your eyes by reading in poor light.
2 essential adj.必不可少的 necessary ；极其重要的 vital ；本质的；基本的 fundamental ；n.必需品；要点，要素；实质
be essential to/for对……来说是重要的
It’s essential to do/that...……是必要的 that从句的谓语用should＋do，should通常省略
It was absolutely essential to set a realistic goal.
把目标制定得现实可行是完全有必要的。
The flat contained the basic essentials for daily life.
那套公寓配有日常生活的基本必需品。
夯实基础
完成句子
(1)It is essential that_you_(should)_win(你赢得) the voters’ hearts.
(2)Sun and water are_essential_to/for(对……必不可少) the growth of crops.
3 pour vt.& vi.倒；灌；注；涌
pour sth.into sth.向……投入大量金钱；大量投资于
pour out倾诉；倾吐；倒，斟
pour sth.out to sb.向某人倾诉某事
pour cold water on/over sth.对……泼冷水
pour in不断涌来
The heavy rain poured for three days.
倾盆大雨下了三天。
There was heavy smoke pouring from all four engines.
四个发动机全都在冒浓烟。
夯实基础
用适当的介词或副词填空
(1) The Great Wall is such a well known tourist attraction that millions of people pour in every year.
(2)Larry was pouring out four glasses of champagne(香槟)．
(3)I didn’t mean to pour cold water on/over your idea.
(4)When I felt sad，I only chose to pour out to my father.
4 treat n.招待；款待；v.以……态度对待；以……方式对待 behave towards ；把……看作 consider ；治疗；招待；款待；请客
treat sb.as...把某人看作……
treat sb.to sth.招待某人吃……
treat sb.with respect/kindness尊敬某人/善待某人
My treat.我请客。
Artie treated most women with impatience.
阿蒂对大多数女人都没有耐心。
The boy was treated for a minor head wound.
那个男孩因头部轻伤接受了治疗。
夯实基础
用适当的介词填空
(1)Police say they’re treating it as a case of attempted murder.
(2)She was always treating him to ice cream.
(3)We’ve got to treat people with respect and dignity.
5 apply vt. & vi.涂 put or spread sth. onto a surface ；应用 use ； 对…… 适用；申请 make a request ；努力学习；涉及 concern，relate
apply to sb. for sth. 向某人 申请某物,apply to适合,apply sth.to sth.把某物应用 涂抹 于……
apply oneself to ＝be applied to 致力于/集中精力于……
Apply some medicine to his wound.
给他的伤口上点药吧。
夯实基础
完成句子
(1)Students should_be_applied_to_their_study(集中精力于学习)．
(2)I want to apply_to_you_for_the_position_(向你申请职务) advertised in yesterday’s newspaper.
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．They collected much money ________ the poor girl.
A．in aid B．in aid of
C．with the aid of D．gave aid to
答案　B
解析　in aid后不能接宾语，可排除A项；with the aid of sb.在某人的帮助下，与句意不符；D项应用非谓语动词形式。in aid of用以帮助，符合句意。句意为：他们集资以帮助那个可怜的女孩。
2．The train accident resulted in heavy casualties，with more than fifty people seriously ________.
A．injured B．destroyed
C．damaged D．harmed
答案　A
解析　injure主要指在意外事故中受伤，符合句意。
3．We can live without clothes，but food and drink are ________.
A．available B．reliable
C．essential D．traditional
答案　C
解析　句意为：没有衣服我们可以生存，但食物和水是必需的。essential必要的，不可缺少的。
4．The heavy rain ________ down，flooding the whole village soon.
A．poured B．slowed
C．swung D．squeezed
答案　A
解析　指大雨倾盆而下用pour down。
5．Your sister is said ________ in the supermarket when she was doing shopping yesterday.
A．to be treated badly
B．treating badly
C．being badly treated
D．to have been badly treated
答案　D
解析　sb.be said后跟不定式，且不定式的动作发生在谓语动词之前，故用不定式的完成式。
6．Now a lot of new technologies can ________ problems in industry.
A．be applied to solve
B．be applied to solving
C．apply to solve
D．apply to solving
答案　B
解析　考查动词搭配。apply...to...表示“把……应用到……”，其中to为介词。
7．Obama’s success in presidential election proves that the color of one’s skin shouldn’t be a________to success.
A．barrier B．behavior
C．battle D．bunch
答案　A
解析　考查名词词义辨析。句意为：奥巴马总统竞选成功证明肤色不应该成为成功的障碍。此处barrier意为“障碍”。
Ⅱ.汉译英
1．因此，我坚信我们的未来掌握在我们自己手里。(firmly) (2012·浙江·书面表达)
Therefore,_I_firmly_believe_that_our_future_is_in_our_own_hands.
2．因此，为了提高人们保护北极熊的意识，我真诚地申请担任北极熊代言人。(apply) (2011·重庆·书面表达)
So，in_order_to_increase_people’s_awareness_of_protecting_polar_bears，I_apply_for_the_spokesman_for_polar_bears_sincerely.
3．原因常常是来自父母的压力使他们几乎没有时间参加其他的活动。(pressure)
(2011·陕西·书面表达)
The_reason_is_often_that_the_pressure_from_their_parents_allows_them_almost_no_time_for_other_activities.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
1．Because there is nothing to hold the soil in_place，a lot of soil was washed away.
2．It makes_a_difference for you to make the right decision.
3．Because of the traffic jam，a_number_of cars were held up.
4．Where could the farmers put_their_hands_on so many ships in such a short time
5．After the doctor rubbed his leg over_and_over_again，he felt it less painful.
1 fall ill生病
fall behind落后
fall asleep入睡
fall in love with爱上
fall into the habit of养成……习惯
fall into分成
She fell ill after she got caught in the heavy rain.
她淋了大雨后生病了。
My talk falls naturally into three parts.
我的谈话可以自然分成三个部分。
夯实基础
完成句子
(1)He was so tired that he sat down and fell_asleep(睡着了)．
(2)He fell_into_the_habit_of(养成了……的习惯) going there every Saturday evening，when he was in London.
2 over and over again反复；多次
over again再次；重新
over and over一再地；反复地
again and again反复地；再三
once again/more再次
time and time again多次；一再地
time after time多次；不断地
now and again/then有时；时而
Why do I have to tell you over and over again
为什么我要一次又一次地告诉你？
I told her time and time again that nothing had happened.我一再告诉她什么也没发生。
夯实基础
The old man always said the same words ________，which made his son worried.
A．over and over again
B．now and then
C．sooner or later
D．more or less
答案　A
解析　句意为：这位老人反复地说同样的话，这使他儿子很担心。over and over again反复，多次，符合句意。
3 in place在适当的位置；适当 in the correct position
out of place不合适；不在恰当的位置；不得体
in place of sb./in one’s place代替某人；处于某人的处境
take the place of sb./take one’s place就坐；就职；代替
take place发生
After the dinner，an expression of thanks to the host would be in place.
饭后向主人道声谢是比较得体的。
She couldn’t attend the meeting so her assistant took her place.
她不能参加会议，所以她的助手代她出席。
夯实基础
(1)用place的相关短语填空
①We’ll make a new director in_place_of him.
②Not having a knowledge of a foreign language，I felt out_of_place among foreigners.
(2)翻译句子
下次会议将在星期四举行。
The_next_meeting_will_take_place_on_Thursday.
4 put one’s hands on找到；得到
at hand在手边；在附近；即将到来
by hand手工
in hand在手里；在掌握中；在控制下
from hand to hand从一人手中传到另一人手中
hand in hand手拉手；共同地
on the one hand...on the other hand ...一方面……另一方面……
I’ll bring some tapes if I can put my hands on them.
如果找得到的话，我会带几盒录音带来。
On the one hand they’d love to have kids，but on the other，they don’t want to give up their freedom.
一方面，他们想要孩子，但另一方面，他们又不想放弃自由自在的生活。
夯实基础
用适当的介词填空
(1)We had to wash our clothes by hand.
(2)Find a quiet space where you can concentrate on the task at hand.
(3)The work is in hand，but not finished.
5 make a difference区别对待；有影响；起 重要 作用 have an effect on
make no/little difference to对……没有/几乎没有影响
make much difference to对……有很大影响
tell the difference between...and...说出……和……的不同
be of no/little/much/great difference没有/几乎没有/有很大/有巨大作用
Even if you had tried to help it，it wouldn’t have made any difference.
即使你曾试图帮忙，结果也不会有什么不同。
What you said just now made no difference to him.
你刚才说的话对他没有什么影响。
夯实基础
完成句子
(1)_It_makes_no_difference_to_me whether he comes here or not.
他来与不来这里对我来说关系不大。
(2)Can you tell_the_difference_between the two words
你能区别这两个单词吗？
6 get done被……
get paid得到报酬
get married结婚
get injured/hurt受伤
get burned烧伤
get infected感染
get separated分离
get damaged毁掉
get broken坏掉
get repaired修理
get dressed穿上衣服
get changed换衣服
get drunk喝醉
She got burned when she was cooking yesterday.
她昨天做饭时被烫伤了。
He went out and got drunk.他出去喝醉了。
特别提醒
get done结构既可以表示被动语态，也可表示系表结构。
夯实基础
用get＋v. ed完成句子
(1)If you happen to get_lost (迷路) in the wild，you’d better stay where you are and wait for help.
(2)They got_punished(受到处罚) by the teacher.
(3)—You can have a pet dog，but suppose you get_bored(变得厌倦) with it in a few days.Then what
—We won’t，we promise!
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．He ________ ill last year.As a result，he missed a lot of lessons.
A．felt B．fell C．let D．set
答案　B
解析　fall ill意为“生病”，由last year可知用过去时。
2．He put his hands ________ some bandage and put it over his injured finger.
A．on B．in C．at D．with
答案　A
解析　考查固定短语put one’s hands on“找到”。
3．Every individual’s effort will make a________to environment protection.
A．sense B．difference
C．mistake D．use
答案　B
解析　make a difference意为“有影响，有关系，起(重要)作用”。句意为：每个人的努力对环保都会产生影响。
4．The boy is late________，which，of course，made his teachers very angry.
A．over and over again B．more or less
C．sooner or later D．here and there
答案　A
解析　over and over again意为“反复，多次”。句意为：这个男孩一再迟到，这当然令他的老师很生气。more or less或多或少，大体上；sooner or later迟早，早晚；here and there到处。
Ⅱ.汉译英
首先我把散落在房间里的所有书籍、报纸和其他东西收集起来并把它们放在合适的位置。(in place) (2013·陕西·书面表达)
Firstly_I_ collected_all_the_books，newspapers_and_other_things_scattered_in_the_rooms_and_
put_them_in_place.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
1．I was reading when_the_lights_went_out(这时灯突然灭了)．
2．There_is_no_doubt_that(毫无疑问) your success resulted from your hard work.
3．If_(it_is)_necessary(如果需要的话)，the boss will go by himself.
4．He was_accused_of_cheating(被指控作弊) in the examination.
5．I don’t know if we can help—it_all_depends(视情况而定)．
1 Remove clothing using scissors if necessary unless it is stuck to the burn.除非衣服粘贴在烧伤面上，否则都要把它脱掉。如果需要的话，可以使用剪刀。
1 unless“除非；如果不”，引导一个肯定的条件状语从句，从句有时可与if...not引导的否定状语从句互换。
2 unless引导的条件状语从句常用一般现在时表示将来意义，主句多用一般将来时。
3 在unless引导的条件状语从句中，主语和部分谓语有时可以省略。
Unless you are trying to lose weight to please yourself，it’s going to be hard to keep your motivation level high.除非减肥是为了悦己，否则很难保持积极性。
We cannot understand disease unless we understand the person who has the disease.
若不了解患者我们就不能了解疾病。
夯实基础
(1)同义句改写
I want you to keep working unless I tell you to stop.(用if...not改写句子)
I_want_you_to_keep_working_if_I_don’t_tell_you_to_stop.
(2)翻译句子
要是不能额外弄一些钱，剧院将要关闭。
Unless_some_extra_money_is_found，the_theatre_will_close.
2 John was studying in his room when he heard screaming.约翰正在房间里学习，突然听到一声尖叫。
be doing...when...正在做……这时……
be about to do...when...正要做……此时……
had just done...when...刚做了……这时……
be on the point of doing...when...正要……这时……
The thief was on the point of putting his hand into the lady’s handbag when the bus suddenly stopped.
小偷正要把手伸进那位女士的手提袋中，这时公共汽车突然停了。
夯实基础
We were swimming in the lake________suddenly the storm started.
A．when B．while
C．until D．before
答案　A
解析　考查be doing sth....when ...正在做某事这时……。
用省略形式完成下列句子
(1)Jack loves nature more than his wife loves nature.
→Jack loves nature more than his_wife_does.
(2)Max phoned his mother and Oscar phoned Max’s mother too.
→Max phoned his mother and Oscar did_too.
(3)If it’s convenient，you can come here at any time.
→If_convenient，you can come here at any time.
(4)Though he was tired，he still gave the students a lecture.
→Though_tired，he still gave the students a lecture.
(5)When I was walking in the street，I came across an old friend of mine.
→When walking_in_the_street，I came across an old friend of mine.
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．I have a tight budget for the trip，so I’m not going to fly________the airlines lower ticket prices.
A．once B．if C．after D．unless
答案　D
解析　句意为：我最近没钱旅行，所以如果航空公司不降价，我就不打算坐飞机了。unless除非，如果不。
2．—We didn’t find Tom________the lecture.
—No one had told him about________a lecture the following day.
A．to attend；there to be B．attending；there being
C．attended；there be D．attend；there was
答案　B
解析　考查非谓语动词。第一空动词Tom与attend之间为主谓关系，所以用现在分词作find的宾语补足语；第二空介词about后应使用there be的动名词形式there being。故选B项。
3．She opened her eyes with a start and was about to cry out________she heard her father urgently telling her to keep quiet.
A．while B．when
C．before D．after
答案　B
解析　句意为：她猛地睁开眼睛，刚要哭，这时她听到她父亲急忙告诉她要保持安静。be about to do sth.when...为固定句型，其中的when为并列连词，相当于and at that time。
4．The global warming，if not properly________，might lead to more natural disasters.
A．was controlled B．controlled
C．to control D．being controlled
答案　B
解析　考查省略。句意为：全球变暖，如果不适当控制，可能导致更多的自然灾难。if not properly controlled是if it is not properly controlled的省略。
5．If you go to Jiuzhaigou Valley today，you will find it more attractive than commonly________.
A．supposing B．to suppose
C．being supposed D．supposed
答案　D
解析　考查非谓语动词的用法。suppose与其逻辑主语it是动宾关系，所以用过去分词形式表被动。
Ⅱ.汉译英
1．除非下雨，否则比赛将照常进行。(unless...)
Unless_it_rains，the_game_will_be_played.
2．他正在睡觉，这时有人敲门。(be doing...when)
He_was_sleeping_when_there_was_a_knock_at_the_door.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
1．She says that she’ll have to close the shop ________ business improves.(2013·江西，28)
A．if B．unless
C．after D．when
答案　B
解析　本题考查状语从句的引导词。句意为：她说，除非生意好转，否则她只能关掉店铺。if如果；unless除非，如果不……；after在……之后；when当……的时候。根据句意，B项符合题意。
2．It is important to have your eyes examined regularly to check for any sign of eye disease that may not have any ________. (2012·湖北，29)
A．symptom B．similarity
C．sample D．shadow
答案　A
解析　句意为：定期检查眼睛看看是否有没有任何症状的眼疾很重要。A项意为“症状”，符合句意。B项意为“类似”；C项意为“样本”；D项意为“阴影”，都与句意不符。
3．All the photographs in this book，________ stated otherwise，date from the 1950s.
(2012·陕西，25)
A．unless B．until
C．once D．if
答案　A
解析　考查状语从句。句意为：除非被标明，书中所有的图片都可以追溯到20世纪50年代。所填词表条件，从句用了省略句，unless意为“除非，如果不”，故选A。
4．Interest is as________to learning as the ability to understand，even more so.(2012·安徽，23)
A．vital B．available
C．specific D．similar
答案　A
解析　句意为：兴趣对于学习来说，如同理解能力一样重要，甚至更重要。四个形容词均可用于“be＋adj.＋to”的结构中。be vital to对……(非常)重要；be available to可利用，可获得；be specific to对……有特殊的意义；be similar to与……相似。题干中含有as...as...结构，是就兴趣和理解能力对于学习的重要性进行比较。故选A项。
5．Sam has been appointed ________ manager of the engineering department to take ________ place of George. (2012·重庆，24)
A．/；/ B．the；/
C．the；the D．/；the
答案　D
解析　句意为：萨姆已被任命为工程部经理来代替乔治的位置。工程部经理是独一无二的职位，此种情况下manager之前不用冠词；take the place of代替，取代，为固定短语。
6．I make $2,000 a week.60 surely won’t make ________ difference to me.(2012·四川，16)
A．that a big B．a that big
C．big a that D．that big a
答案　D
解析　考查副词用法。句意为：我一个星期赚2 000美元。60美元对我而言没什么大的影响。副词that表示“那么”，与形容词一起修饰名词时的结构为：that＋adj.＋ a/an＋n.，相当于so及how的用法，即that(so/how) big a difference那么(如此/多么)大的一个影响。故选D项。
7．Mum，I was wondering if you could lend me a few dollars until I________on Friday.
(2012·辽宁，35)
A．get paid B．got paid
C．have paid D．had been paid
答案　A
解析　I was wondering if...表示委婉客气。后面until引导的从句是时间状语从句，因此虽然表示的是将来时间，但要使用一般现在时。又因I与pay之间是被动关系，故选A项。“get＋过去分词”可以表示被动。
8．Tom was about to close the window________his attention was caught by a bird.
(2010·大纲全国Ⅱ，7)
A．when B．if C．and D．till
答案　A
解析　句意为：汤姆刚要关窗，这时他的注意力被一只鸟吸引住了。Sb.be about to do sth.when...是一个固定句式，表示“某人正要做……这时……”。