Unit 7 What’s the highest mountain in the world知识点总结归纳【人教版八年级下册英语】

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
Unit 7 What’s the highest mountain in the world
Section A
1a-2d
about 9,600,000 square kilometres in size (P. 49)
square用作形容词，表示“平方的”，用于数字后面表示面积。
Our new house is 95 square metres in size.
1,025 meters deep. (P. 49)
某物深度：基数词+表示“度量”的名词+deep e.g: 10 meters deep
英语中常见的长宽高的表达方式为: 物体+be+基数词+(long, wide, high, deep)。
The rope is two meters long.
Qomolangma is higher than any other mountain in the world. (P. 49)
any other意为“其他任何一个”，后接可数名词单数，常用于比较级结构中，表示最高级含义，可与“the other+可数名词复数”或者the others互换。
Peter runs faster than any other student/the other students/the others in his class.
China has the biggest population in the world. (P. 50)
Population是一个集合词，意为“人口；人口数量”。其常见用法如下：
①population常与定冠词the连用，单独作主语时，谓语动词常用第三人称单数形式。
The world's population is increasing faster and faster，世界人口增长得越来越快。
②当分数或百分数修饰population作主语时，谓语动词常用复数形式。
About seventy percent of the population in this country are farmers.
这个国家大约百分之七十的人口是农民。
③表示“某地有多少人口”时用“have/has a population of+数字”或“the population is+数字”。
China has a population of about 1.4 billion.
=The population of China is about 1.4 billion.中国大约有14亿人口。
④表示人口的“多”或“少”要用big，large或small。
India has a large population and Singapore has a small population.
印度人口众多而新加坡人口少。
⑤询问某国，某地有多少人口时，不用“How much., ”,
而用“What's the population of.. ”。
What is the population of the UK 英国的人口有多少？
Feel free to ask me anything on today’s Great Wall tour
feel free to do sth 随便做某事
Feel free to eat.
Please feel free to ask questions.
The main reason was to protect their part of the country. (P. 50)
protect v. 保护 protection n. 保护
Humans should do something to protect the environment.
There are fewer and fewer wild animals it’s important for us to protect them.
protect表示“保护”时，常用的结构为：protect...from...“保护……免受……”。
The sunglasses will protect you from sunshine.
We need to protect the endangered animals from human.
As far as I know, there are no other man-made objects as big as this. (P. 50)
as far as I know意为“就我所知、我认为”，相当于as far as I am concerned。
As far as I know, he’ll be away from three months.
As far as I know,he is good at swimming.
3a
One of the world’s most dangerous sports is mountain climbing, and one of the most popular places for this is the Himalayas. (P. 51)
“one of+the+形容词最高级+复数可数名词”指在某一个范围内“最……之一”，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
Mary is one of the best students in our class.
Even more serious difficulties include freezing weather conditions and heavy storms. (P. 51)
include表示“包含、包括”，强调一个整体里面包含一些部分，including常用作介词，表示“包括”。
The book includes eight units.
He has many friends, including Tom.
It is also very hard to take in air as you get near the top. (P. 51)
take in意为“吸收”。
Do you know how plants take in water
有关于take 的其他短语：
take down 拆除，记录 take after （外貌/行为）像
take away 拿走，拿开 take off 脱掉，（飞机）起飞
take up 开始做， 占据 take out 取出
The first Chinese team did so in 1960, while the first woman to succeed was Junko Tabei from Japan in 1975. (P. 51)
succeed表示“成功”，常用的结构为：succeed to do sth.或者succeed in doing sth.“成功做成某事”。
The climbers succeeded to get to the top of the mountain in the end.
=The climbers succeeded in getting to the top of the mountain in the end.
The boy succeed in passing the exam.
One of the main reasons is that people want to challenge themselves in the face of difficulties. (P. 51)
challenge意为“挑战、考验”，
challenge sb. to (do) sth.表示“向……某人挑战做某事”。
He challenged me to play chess.
in the face of意为“面对（问题或者困难）”
They showed courage in the face of danger.
He keeps a sense of humor in the face of great difficulties.
The spirit these climbers shows us that we should never give up trying to achieve our dreams. (P. 51)
achieve用作动词，表示“达到、完成、成功”。achievement 名词 成就，成绩
I believe you will achieve your dream in the end.
Why do so many people try to climb this mountain even though it is dangerous. (P. 51)
even though意为“即使、虽然”，相当于even if，引导让步状语从句。
Even though Frank left school at 16, he still became a successful writer.
Grammar Focus
基数词
I. 基数词的构成。
基数词1-12是独立的单词。
one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve
基数词13-19是在个位数后面加-teen构成，其中thirteen, fifteen, eighteen是不规则变化。
thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen
整十的基数词20-90是在个位数词后面加-ty构成，其中twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, eighty是不规则变化。
twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty, ninety
非整十基数词21-99是在十位数后面加上个位数构成，中间加上连字符“-”。
twenty-one, seventy-six, eighty-eight
三位数以上的基数词，百位数和十位数之间用and连接。
two hundred and one, three thousand five hundred and fourteen
英语中没有“万”和“亿”这两个单位，在表示“万”和“亿”时，把“万”念成10个千，“十万”念成100个千，“亿”念成100个百万……以此类推。
10,000：ten thousand
100,000: a hundred thousand
100,000,000: a hundred million
35, 845: thirty-five thousand, eight hundred and forty-five
II. hundred, thousand, million 和billion的用法。
hundred, thousand, million和billion等表示确切数字时，只用其单数形式；但是在表示不确切数字时，要用其复数形式，并且与of连用，表示约数。
e.g:1. There are more than three hundred days in a year. 一年有三百多天。
2. Thousands of visitors travel to the Great Wall every year. 每年有成千上万的游客游玩长城。
III. 基数词表示编号
例如：
Lesson Five (the fifth lesson) 第五课
Room 306 306房间
Page Twelve (the twelfth page) 第十二页
Class One, Grade Six 六年级一班
形容词和副词的比较级和最高级
① 形容词比较级的变化规则。
I. 规则变化
构成法 原级 比较级 最高级
单音节词+er/est short shorter shortest
cold colder coldest
以不发音e结尾的词+r/st wide wider widest
large larger largest
单个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词，双写末尾辅音字母+er/est big bigger biggest
hot hotter hottest
以辅音字母+y结尾的词，变y为i+er/est heavy heavier heaviest
busy busier busiest
多音节词在前面+more/most important more important most important
beautiful more beautiful most beautiful
II. 不规则变化
原级 比较级 最高级
good/well better best
bad/badly/ill worse worst
old older/elder oldest/eldest
many/much more most
little less least
far farther/further farthest/furthest
② 形容词比较级用法。
I. 比较级用于两者进行比较，结构为“A +be+比较级+ than B”。
A+实义动词+比较级+ than B
e.g: 1. My bike is more beautiful than hers.我的自行车比她的漂亮。
2. He works harder than before. 他工作比以前努力。
II. 表示两者之间选择，用“which/who is +比较级，A or B？”表示“两者之间较……之一”时，用“the + 比较级”结构。
e.g: 1. Which is nearer to the sun, the moon or the earth 哪个离太阳更近，月球还是地球？
2. He is the thinner of the two. 他是两人中较瘦的那个。
III.“越来越……”用“比较级+and+ 比较级”结构，多音节和部分双音节词用“more and more+ 原级”。
e.g: 1. The weather is becoming colder and colder. 天气变得越来越冷了。
2. She is becoming more and more beautiful. 她变得越来越美了。
IV. 表示“越……越……”时，用“the+比较级，the+比较级”结构。
e.g: The more careful you are, the more points you will get. 你越细心，得分越多。
V. A+be+the+比较级+of the two..., 两者中较......的那个。
e.g: Tom is the taller of the two. 汤姆是这两个男孩中较高的那个。
③ 形容词最高级用法。
I. 表示三者及以上人或物进行比较时用最高级，结构为“the + 最高级+in/of + 范围”。
e.g: 1. The picture is the best of all. 这幅画是所有画中最好的。
2. She is the most beautiful girl in the class. 她是班上最美的女孩。
II. 表示在三者及以上之间选择，用“which/who is the+最高级，A, B or C？”。
e.g: Who is the tallest, Tom, Kate or Bill 汤姆、凯特、比尔，谁最高？
III. 表示“最……之一”用“one of the最高级+可数名词复数”。
e.g: She is one of the most popular teachers in our school. 她是我们学校最受欢迎的老师之一。
IV. 形容词最高级前面加序数词，表示“第几……”。
e.g: She is the second tallest girl in our class. 她是我班上第二高的女孩。
V. 比较级+ than B. 比较级和最高级之间的互换。
例如：
He is taller than any other boy in our class.
= He is taller than the other boys in our class.
= He is the tallest boy in our class.
注意比较以下两个句子：
Shanghai is larger than any other city in China.（范围之内）
= Shanghai is larger than any city in Japan.（范围之外）
Section B
weighs 5,0000 kilos (P. 53)
weigh此处作动词，表示“称……重”，名词是weight， 重量， 体重
The baby weighed about 5 kilos.
What is his weight
This elephant weighs many times more than this panda. (P. 53)
“倍数+比较级+than”表示“比……大/多多少倍”。
The room looks three times bigger than that one.
The box is five times bigger than that one.
At birth, a baby panda is about...(P. 53)
at birth表示“出生时”。
The baby weighed three kilos at birth.
A panda can live up to...(P. 53)
up to表示“达到（某种数量或者程度）”至少有，不少于
The theatre can hold up to 500 people.
【拓展】be up to sb.“由某人决定”
You can leave today or tomorrow. It is up to you.
Panda keepers are preparing milk for the baby pandas’ breakfast. (P. 54)
① prepare for sth.“为……做准备”
They are preparing for the party tonight.
② prepare...for...“为……准备……”
We should prepare some sweets for Children’s Day.
③ be prepared for“为……作准备”
The players are well prepared for the match.
6. At 9:00 a.m., they find that most of the babies are already awake and hungry. (P. 54)
awake用作形容词，表示“醒着的”，反义词是asleep。
Is the baby asleep or awake
Another 300 or so live in zoos or research centers in China and other countries. (P. 54)
or so意为“大约”，放在数量词后面，表示大约的概念。
There are 30 workers or so in the factory.
The babies often die from illnesses and do not live very long.
die from 死于
He died from overwork.
辨析 die from与die of
die from 侧重指外部原因造成的死亡，如：受伤，事故等。 表示死于疾病时，二者可以互换
die of 侧重指内部原因造成的死亡，如：饥饿，衰老，悲伤等。
His uncle died from an accident.
She died of sorrow.
The famous writer died of/from cancer last year.
作文
Whales are huge animals. They live in the sea and eat small fish and other sea life. One interesting fact is whales can jump high out of water. Some kinds of whales are in danger because humans catch them for meat, fat, and oil, and use whale parts to make candles and soap.
Whales are also in danger from water pollution. We should protect whales by making rules on whale protection and by not putting rubbish into the sea. I think people should learn more about whales.
做为一个中国人，你对我们的中国了解多少呢？请给你在美国的笔友 Dave 写封信，向他介绍你的祖国。80 词左右，恰当运用比较级和最高级，可适当发挥。
中国是亚洲最大的国家。和美国差不多大。
中国有世界上最多的人口。人们友好勤劳。
长江是世界最长的河流之一。中国有超过 5000 的悠久历史。比美国的历史长多了。
中国有世界最高山峰。
词汇：as…as, population，the Yangtze River ,the third longest ,much longer, Qomolangma
Dear Dave,
I’m happy to be your pen pal. I’d like to tell you something about China.
China is the biggest country in Asia. It’s almost as big as the USA. China has the biggest population in the world. The people here are friendly and hard-working. The Yangtze River is one of the longest rivers in the world. China is over 5000 years old. It has a much longer history than the US. The Qomolangma is the highest mountain in the world.
I love China very much. Welcome to China and play with me.
Yours
Li Lei
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)