上海市行知中学2023学年第二学期 第二次月考
高一年级 英语试卷
(本试卷满分 100分，考试时间90分钟)
Ⅰ. Listening Comprehension
Section A
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1. A. She has been left behind in her work. B. She does few things with her mobile phone.
C. She keeps her mobile phone at home. D. She has bought the latest model of mobile phone.
2. A. They needn’t dress similarly. B. The woman had better avoid jeans.
C. The man is looking for a new jacket. D. They shouldn’t dress too informally.
3. A. He’s expecting to meet his boss. B. He’s always in a good mood.
C. He received a good evaluation. D. He had a fight with his boss.
4 A. She remains strict with others. B. She is self-conscious.
C. She is narrow-minded. D. She has trouble communicating.
5. A. He doesn’t have time to read. B. He dislikes what the woman likes reading.
C. He likes to write essays on social topics. D. He has no reading preferences.
6. A. Ask a friend for the name of a hair stylist. B. Make an appointment with someone else.
C. Call another hair salon. D. Get her hair cut at 12:00.
7. A. Get a book on how to make repairs. B. Ask the man to fix her refrigerator.
C. Find a repair person soon. D. Wait to see if the problem disappears.
8. A. She needs a new ha t and gloves.
B. The weather will continue to be cold.
C. The man had better put away his winter clothes.
D. She wonders what the weather will be like tomorrow.
9. A. Reschedule one of his appointments. B. Keep both meetings short.
C. Cancel his appointments. D. Prepare for the meeting at breakfast.
10. A. He’d prefer not to walk to class. B. He doesn’t spend enough time studying.
C. He doesn’t think the weather is nice. D. He has little time for outdoor activities.
Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two passages and one longer conversation. After each passage or conversation, you will be asked several questions. The passage and the conversations will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.
11. A. Various traffic-claiming measures put forward by residents.
B. The inconveniences caused by what is being done on Castle View Road.
C. Different age groups’ opinions about proposals concerning road safety.
D. The difference between those aged over 40 and those between 21 and 40.
12. A.70%. B.3%. C.60%. D.15%.
13. A. Too much traffic. B. High speed.
C. Poor road conditions. D. Pedestrians’ disruption.
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.
14. A. The funny story. B. Their previous adaptations.
C. Their lack of experience. D. The characters.
15. A. Once a week. B. Four times a week. C. Three times a week. D. Twice a week.
16. A. High-priced. B. Slow-paced. C. Successful. D. Boring.
Ⅱ. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Boyan Slat, a Dutch inventor is cleaning the world’s most polluted rivers in an effort to save the oceans. He has made it his mission___1___(remove) plastic from the oceans. His organization, The Ocean Cleanup, has successfully started to clean the pollution that has been circling in the Great Pacific Garbage Patch. But millions more tons of plastic enter the oceans every year, almost all of it ___2___ (flow) from rivers.
Just 10 rivers are responsible for around 90% of all that plastic, ___3___a 2017 study from the Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research. “So ___4___we focus on the worst rivers, we believe we can really have the fastest and most cost-effective way to close the tap and prevent more plastic from reaching the oceans in the first place,” Slat said.
The Ocean Cleanup is effectively using floating trash collectors called “Interceptors”. These solar-powered, autonomous systems use the rivers’ currents to guide the trash onto a conveyor belt that carry the waste to ___5___ (await) bins.
The first interceptor went to work in Jakarta, Indonesia, to pull plastic from a waterway called the Cengkareng drain. A second interceptor began collecting trash flowing down the Klang river in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. On the other side of the world, ___6___Interceptor has recently started removing river pollution near the mouth of the Rio Ozama in the Dominican Republic.
“___7___the river is polluted, the fish die. Every year there are less fish,” Luis Peguero, a local fisherman, explained. When Peguero is lucky enough to reel in (收线拉起) a catch, it ___8___not be safe for his family to eat. “You find stuff in the fish, especially the catfish. Trash, bottle lids, even a shoe. The fish can’t survive this,” said Peguero. To him, the modern trash-collecting catamaran (双体船) is a peculiar but welcome sight.
The Ocean Cleanup is working with the local governments and communities to help retrieve (取回) the plastic the Interceptors collect. “By stopping plastic in rivers, we hope to not only address the big global plastic pollution issue, but also really help make life better for the people___9___live near these problematic rivers,” said Slat.
The Ocean Cleanup’s goal is to tackle the thousand most polluted rivers within 5 years. Soon interceptors ____10____ (head) to Vietnam, Thailand, Jamaica and Los Angeles County in the United States.
“We are getting out tons of plastic every single day,” Slat said. “We accept that we won’t deliver magic in one go. But we’re doing this, step by step.”
【答案】1. to remove
2. flowing 3. according to
4. if 5. awaiting
6. another 7. Because
8. might##may
9. that##who
10. will head
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了荷兰发明家博扬·斯莱特正在清理世界上污染最严重的河流，以拯救海洋。
【1题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：他把清除海洋中的塑料制品作为自己的使命。名词mission后接不定式担当后置定语，构成搭配：one’s mission to do sth.做某事是某人的使命。故填to remove。
【2题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：但每年有数百万吨以上的塑料进入海洋，几乎所有塑料都来自河流。本句为独立主格形式，动词flow和逻辑主语“all of it”之间为主动关系，用现在分词形式。故填flowing。
【3题详解】
考查介词短语。句意：根据亥姆霍尔兹环境研究中心2017年的一项研究显示，大约90%的塑料是由10条河流产生的。主句为研究的结果，后面是结果产生的依据。根据句意，此处是介词短语：according to根据、依据。故填according to。
【4题详解】
考查条件状语从句。句意：斯拉特说：“所以，如果我们关注最糟糕的河流，我们相信我们真的可以找到最快、最经济的方法，首先关闭水龙头，防止更多塑料进入海洋。”根据句意可知，用if引导条件状语从句。故填if。
【5题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：这些太阳能驱动的自主系统利用河流的水流引导垃圾进入传送带，将垃圾送到等待的垃圾箱。非谓语动词担当前置定语，表示被修饰词bins的用途，所以用动名词。故填awaiting。
【6题详解】
考查代词。句意：在世界的另一边，另一个截流器最近开始清除多米尼加共和国奥扎马河口附近的河流污染。上文出现了两个interceptor，第一个为“the first interceptor”；第二个为“a second interceptor”；第三个用another。故填another。
【7题详解】
考查原因状语从句。句意：“因为河水被污染，鱼都死了。鱼一年比一年少，”当地渔民路易斯·佩盖罗(Luis Peguero)解释说。空后为主句的原因，因此用because引导原因状语从句。故填Because。
【8题详解】
考查情态动词。句意：哪怕Peguero足够幸运的钓到鱼，他的家人们吃鱼也可能不安全。根据上文可知，这里的河水被污染了，所以对于他的家人而言，吃鱼可能不安全，所以用情态动词may/might。故填may或might。
【9题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：斯拉特说：“通过停止往河流中排放塑料，我们不仅希望解决全球塑料污染的大问题，还希望真正帮助改善生活在这些问题河流附近的人们的生活。”此处是限定性定语从句，先行词为people，在定语从句中担当主语，用关系代词who或that引导。故填who或that。
【10题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：不久，拦截机将前往越南、泰国、牙买加和美国洛杉矶县。根据soon可知，本句时态为一般将来时。故填will head。
Section B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. conclusive B. indiscriminate C. awe D. favourable E. uninhabitable F. address G. advocating H. agenda I. attain J. conventional K. odds
The world has warmed more than one degree Celsius since the Industrial Revolution. The Paris climate agreement hoped to restrict warming to two degrees. The ____11____ of succeeding, according to a recent study based on current emissions trends, are one in 20. If by some miracle we are able to limit warming to two degrees, we will only have to negotiate the extinction of the world’s tropical reefs, ____12____ the sea-level rise of several meters and abandon the Persian Gulf. The climate scientist James Hansen has called two-degree warming “long-term disaster”, which is now the best-case scenario. Four-degree warming will mean “short-term disaster”: Europe in permanent drought; vast areas of China, India and Bangladesh claimed by desert; the American Southwest largely ____13____.
In the decade that ran from 1979 to 1989, we had an excellent opportunity to solve the climate crisis. The world’s major powers came within several signatures of ____14____ a global framework to reduce carbon emissions — far closer than we’ve come since. During those years, the conditions for success could not have been more ____15____. The obstacles we blame for our current inaction had yet to emerge. Almost nothing stood in our way — nothing except ourselves.
Nearly everything we understand now about global warming was understood in 1979. Human beings have altered Earth’s atmosphere through the ____16____ burning of fossil fuels. At the start of the 1980s, scientists within the federal government predicted that ____17____ evidence of warming would appear on the global temperature record by the end of the decade, at which point it would be too late to avoid disaster. A report prepared by the National Academy of Sciences advised that “the carbon-dioxide issue should appear on the international ____18____ in a context that will maximize cooperation and minimize political controversy and division.” If the world had adopted the proposal widely supported at the end of the ‘80s, warming could have been held to less than 1.5degrees.
But they failed, even though the world’s leading oceanographer Henry Stommel and the Harvard planetary physicist Richard Goody, whose mere presence could inspire ____19____, tried to warn humanity of what was coming. They risked their careers in a painful campaign to solve the problem, first in scientific reports, later through _____20_____ avenues of political persuasion and finally with a strategy of public shaming. Their efforts were passionate and they failed. Now it is our turn.
【答案】11. K 12. F
13. E 14. G
15. D 16. B
17. A 18. H
19. C 20. J
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了全球气候变暖的现状及其严重后果。文章指出，自工业革命以来，地球温度已经上升了一度多，巴黎气候协定旨在将升温限制在两度以内，但成功的几率很低。文章列举了两度和四度升温的灾难性后果，并回顾了在1979年至1989年期间，各大国几乎达成了减少碳排放的全球框架，但最终未能成功。
【11题详解】
考查名词。句意：根据最近一项基于当前排放趋势的研究，成功的几率是二十分之一。根据上文“hoped to restrict warming to two degrees”和下文“one in 20”可推知，文中说的是成功的可能性，用名词odds作主语，意为“可能性，机会”，符合句意。故选K项。
【12题详解】
考查动词。句意：如果出现奇迹，我们能够将升温限制在2度以内，我们只需应对世界热带珊瑚礁的灭绝，解决海平面上升几米的问题和放弃波斯湾。根据上下文中“negotiate”和“abandon”可推知，文中说的是如果能将升温限制在2度以内，我们需要应对的问题。用动词address与其它两个动词构成并列关系，表示“解决海平面上升几米的问题”是我们需要应对的问题之一，符合句意。故选F项。
【13题详解】
考查形容词。句意：4度的变暖将意味着“短期灾难”：欧洲陷入永久干旱；中国、印度和孟加拉国的大片地区都是沙漠；美国西南部基本上不适合居住。上文列举了气温上升4度可能导致的严重灾难，句中用uninhabitable表示表示发生在美国的灾难性情况：不适宜居住的，符合句意。故选E项。
【14题详解】
考查动词。句意：世界主要大国在倡导一个减少碳排放的全球框架的几个签名中达成了共识——这是我们迄今为止最接近的共识。根据下文“a global framework to reduce carbon emissions”可推知，这是世界主要大国倡导的全球框架，用动词advocate的动名词形式作宾语，符合句意。故选G项。
【15题详解】
考查形容词。句意：在那些年里，取得成功的条件再有利不过了。根据上文“The world’s major powers came within several signatures of 4 a global framework to reduce carbon emissions — far closer than we’ve come since.”可推知，在1979到1989年间，世界主要大国达成共识，倡导减少碳排放的全球框架，所以当时取得成功的条件非常有利，用形容词favourable作表语，意为“有利的”，符合句意。故选D项。
【16题详解】
考查形容词。句意：人类通过肆意燃烧化石燃料改变了地球的大气层。根据上文“Human beings have altered Earth’s atmosphere”可推知，人类“恣意的”燃烧化石燃料改变了大气层，用形容词indiscriminate作定语，符合句意。故选B项。
【17题详解】
考查形容词。句意：在20世纪80年代初，联邦政府内部的科学家预测，到20世纪80年代末，全球气温记录将出现确凿的变暖证据，到那时，要避免灾难就太晚了。根据下文“at which point it would be too late to avoid disaster”可知，科学家预测到20世纪80年代末灾难就难以避免，说明“结论性的”的证据出现了，无法改变，用形容词conclusive作定语，符合句意。故选A项。
【18题详解】
考查名词。句意：美国国家科学院准备的一份报告建议，“二氧化碳问题应该出现在国际议程的背景下，使合作最大化，政治争议和分歧最小化。”。根据下文“maximize cooperation and minimize political controversy and division”可推知，报告建议让这一问题成为国际议程，用名词agenda作宾语，意为“议事日程”，符合句意。故选H项。
【19题详解】
考查名词。句意：尽管世界著名的海洋学家亨利·斯托梅尔和哈佛大学行星物理学家理查德·古迪试图警告人类即将发生的事情，他们的加入让人敬畏，但他们还是失败了。根据上文“the world’s leading oceanographer Henry Stommel and the Harvard planetary physicist Richard Goody”可推知，两位重量级人物的警告会让人们产生“敬畏”，用名词awe作宾语，符合句意。故选C项。
【20题详解】
考查形容词。句意：为了解决这个问题，他们冒着自己职业生涯的风险，进行了一场痛苦的运动，先是在科学报告中，后来通过传统的政治说服途径，最后采取了公开羞辱的策略。结合常识和下文“political persuasion”可推知，通过政治说服途径来达到目的是一种“传统的”方式，用形容词conventional作定语，符合句意。故选J项。
Ⅲ. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
What is the Great Pacific Garbage Patch
The Great Pacific Garbage Patch (GPGP) is the largest of the five offshore plastic accumulation zones in the world’s oceans. It is located halfway between Hawaii and California.
PLASTIC _____21_____
It is estimated that 1.15 to 2.41 million tonnes of plastic are entering the ocean each year from rivers. More than half of this plastic is less _____22_____than the water, meaning that it will not sink once it encounters the sea.
The strong and floating plastics show resiliency(韧性) in the marine environment, allowing them to be transported over _____23_____distances. They persist at the sea surface as they make their way off shore, transported by converging (汇聚的) currents and finally accumulating in the patch.
Once these plastics enter the gyre（环流）, they are unlikely to leave the area until they _____24_____into smaller microplastics under the effects of sun, waves and marine life. As more and more plastics are discarded into the environment, microplastic _____25_____in the GPGP will only continue to increase.
LOCATION
Due to seasonal and interannual variabilities of winds and currents, the GPGP’s location and shape are constantly changing. Only floating objects that are _____26_____influenced by currents were likely to remain within the patch.
By simulating concentration levels in the North Pacific, the researchers were able to follow the location of the patch and found on average it orbits around 32°N and 145°W. However, the team observed seasonal _____27_____from west to east and substantial variations in latitude（纬度）depending on the year.
IMPACT ON WILDLIFE
Plastic has increasingly become a very common substance in the ocean. Due to its size and color, animals _____28_____the plastic for food, causing malnutrition; it poses entanglement（缠绕）risks and threatens their overall behavior, health, and existence.
Studies have shown that about 700 species have encountered marine debris, and 92% of these _____29_____are with plastic. 17% of the species affected by plastic are on the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List of Threatened Species.
IMPACT ON HUMANS AND SOCIETY
Once plastic enters the marine food web, there is a possibility that it will contaminate the human food chain as well. Through a process called bioaccumulation, chemicals in plastics will enter the body of the animal _____30_____on the plastic, and as the feeder becomes prey, the chemicals will pass to the _____31_____—making their way up the food web that includes humans. These chemicals that affected the plastic feeders could then be _____32_____within the human as well.
_____33_____, yearly economic costs due to marine plastic are estimated to be between $6-19billion USD. The costs _____34_____its impact on tourism, fisheries and aquaculture, and governmental cleanups. These costs do not include the impact on human health and the marine ecosystem due to _____35_____research available.
21. A. ACCUMULATION B. DRIFT C. FLOATING D. PROMOTION
22. A. light B. thick C. tiny D. dense
23. A. adjusted B. overdone C. deposited D. extended
24. A. upgrade B. degrade C. assemble D. disassemble
25. A. transportation B. estimation C. concentration D. location
26. A. predominantly B. rarely C. previously D. slightly
27. A. similarity B. shift C. boost D. figure
28. A. exchange B. substitute C. leave D. confuse
29. A. implications B. interactions C. interferences D. influences
30. A. resting B. feeding C. risking D. waiting
31. A. mariner B. prey C. tracker D. predator
32. A. present B. absent C. current D. reliable
33. A. Likewise B. However C. Moreover D. Therefore
34. A. result in B. remove from C. stem from D. bring about
35. A. insufficient B. adequate C. insignificant D. substantial
【答案】21 A 22. D 23. D 24. B 25. C 26. A 27. B 28. D 29. B 30. B 31. D 32. A 33. C 34. C 35. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了世界五大海洋塑料堆积区中最大的一个，即大太平洋垃圾带(GPGP)。讲述了它的位置、形成的过程以及带来的消极影响。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：塑料积累。A. ACCUMULATION聚集；B. DRIFT漂流；C. FLOATING漂浮；D. PROMOTION推销。根据下文的“They persist at the sea surface as they make their way off shore, transported by converging (汇聚的) currents and finally accumulating in the patch.”（当它们离开海岸的时候，它们会一直停留在海面上，被汇聚的洋流输送，最终在这片海域聚集。）可知，是塑料离开海岸，被汇聚的洋流输送，聚集在海域上。故选A。
【22题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这些塑料中有一半以上的密度小于水，这意味着它们一旦遇到大海就不会下沉。A. light轻的；B. thick厚的；C. tiny狭小的；D. dense密度大的。根据后文的“meaning that it will not sink once it encounters the sea.”（意思是它一旦遇到大海就不会沉没。），可知这些塑料密度小于水，遇到海水不会下沉。故选D。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这种坚固而漂浮的塑料在海洋环境中表现出韧性，使它们能够被输送到很远的地方。A. adjusted调整；B. overdone过多；C. deposited放置；D. extended波及，延伸。根据前文中的“The strong and floating plastics show resiliency(韧性) in the marine environment.”（这种坚固而漂浮的塑料在海洋环境中表现出韧性）可知，这些塑料由于其韧性，能够漂浮至很远的地方。故选D。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：一旦这些塑料进入环流，它们就不太可能离开这个区域，直到它们在阳光、海浪和海洋生物的作用下降解成更小的微塑料。A. upgrade升级；B. degrade降解；C. assemble集合；D. disassemble分散。根据后文的“into smaller microplastics under the effects of sun, waves and marine life.”可知，这些塑料会在阳光、海浪和海洋生物的作用下降解成更小的微塑料。故选B。
【25题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：随着越来越多的塑料被丢弃到环境中，GPGP中的微塑料浓度只会继续增加。A. transportation交通；B. estimation估计；C. concentration浓度；D. location位置。根据前文的“As more and more plastics are discarded into the environment.”（随着越来越多的塑料被丢弃到环境中），可知越来越多的塑料被扔到海洋中，塑料在海洋中的浓度会不断增加。故选C。
【26题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：只有主要受洋流影响的漂浮物体才有可能留在区域内。A. predominantly主要地；B. rarely稀少地；C. previously之前地；D. slightly稍微地。根据前文的“Once these plastics enter the gyre（环流）, they are unlikely to leave the area until they_____5_____into smaller microplastics under the effects of sun, waves and marine life. ”可知，一旦这些塑料垃圾进入到了洋流中，它们不太可能离开这区域，直到它们降解成更小的微塑料。因此这些主要被洋流影响的塑料垃圾一直仍然在这个区域中，故选A。
【27题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，研究小组观察到季节从西到东的变化，以及纬度的重大变化取决于年份。A. similarity相似性；B. shift转变；C. boost增加；D. figure数字。根据前文的“Due to seasonal and interannual variabilities of winds and currents.”可知，由于风和洋流的季节性和年际变化，所以研究小组观察到了季节性的变化。故选B。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：由于塑料的大小和颜色，动物把塑料错当作食物，导致营养不良；这会带来纠缠的风险，并威胁到他们的整体行为、健康和存在。A. exchange交换；B. substitute代替；C. leave离开；D. confuse弄错。根据后文的“causing malnutrition; it poses entanglement（缠绕）risks and threatens their overall behavior, health, and existence.”可知，一些动物会把塑料错认为食物，误食它们最终导致营养不良等风险。故选D。
【29题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：研究表明，约700种物种遇到过海洋垃圾，其中92%的互动是与塑料产生的。A. implications牵连；B. interactions互动；相互影响；C. interferences干扰；D. influences影响。根据前文的“about 700 species have encountered marine debris”可知，92%的动物都遇到过塑料，故与塑料产生互动。故选B。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：一旦塑料进入海洋食物网，它也有可能污染人类的食物链。通过一个被称为生物积累的过程，塑料中的化学物质会进入以塑料为食的动物的身体，当食用者成为猎物时，化学物质会传递给捕食者——在包括人类在内的食物网中一路上升。A. resting休息；B. feeding喂养；C. risking冒险；D. waiting等待。根据后文“and as the feeder becomes prey, the chemicals will pass to the _____11_____”可知，空前应与and后的内容相并列。当食用者成为猎物的时候，化学物质会传递给捕食者。之前的过程应该是塑料中的化学物质会进入以塑料为食的动物的身体。故选B。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. mariner水手；B. prey猎物；C. tracker跟踪者；D. predator捕食者。根据前文“as the feeder becomes prey”可知，化学物质进入以塑料为食的动物的身体中，捕食者在猎捕它们。化学物质就会进入到捕食者的身体中。故选D。
【32题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这些影响那些吃塑料的动物们的化学物质同时也可能会一直存留在人类体内。A. present出席的，存在于；B. absent缺席的，不存在的；C. current当前的；D. reliable可靠的。根据前文的“ the chemicals will pass to the _____11_____—making their way up the food web that includes humans.”可知，化学物质（微塑料）会进入到包括人类在内的食物网中，人类在捕食了吃了塑料的海洋生物后，这些化学物质也会存在于人类身体中。故选A。
【33题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：此外，海洋塑料每年造成的经济损失估计在60 - 190亿美元之间。A. Likewise同样地；B. However然而；C. Moreover此外；D. Therefore因此。根据后文的“yearly economic costs due to marine plastic are estimated to be between $6-19billion USD.”并结合上文讲述塑料对人类的影响可知，此处是补充阐述海洋塑料带来的经济危害，与前文构成递进关系。故选C。
【34题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：其成本来自其对旅游业、渔业和水产养殖业以及政府清理的影响。A. result in导致；B. remove from移除；C. stem from源自于；D. bring about产生。根据后文的“its impact on tourism, fisheries and aquaculture, and governmental cleanups.”可知，海洋垃圾的经济损失来自于其对旅游业、渔业和水产养殖业以及政府清理方面造成的影响。故选C。
【35题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这些成本不包括由于现有研究不足而对人类健康和海洋生态系统造成的影响。A. insufficient不充足的；B. adequate足够的；C. insignificant不重要的；D. substantial大量的。根据前文的“the impact on human health and the marine ecosystem”可知，由于研究的不充足，海洋垃圾对人类健康和海洋生态系统造成的影响还无法计算，因此不能包括其中。故选A。
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C. and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.
(A)
When you are little, it’s not hard to believe you can change the world. I remember my enthusiasm when, at the age of 12, I addressed the people at the Rio Earth Summit. “I am only a child” I told them. “Yet I know that if all the money spent on war was spent on ending poverty and finding environmental answers, what a wonderful place this world would be. At school you teach us not to fight with others, to work things out, to respect others, to clean up our mess, not to hurt other creatures, to share, not to be greedy. Then, why do you go out and do the thing you tell us not to do You grown-ups say you love us, but I challenge you, please, to make our actions reflect your words.”
I spoke for six minutes and received a standing ovation. Some of the delegates even cried. I thought that maybe had reached some of them, that my speech might actually spur(激励)action. Now, ten years from Rio, after I’ve sat through many more conferences, I’m not sure what has been accomplished. My confidence in the people in power and in the power of an individual’s voice to reach them has been deeply shaken.
When I was little, the world was simple. But as a young adult, I’m learning that as we have to make choices - education, career, lifestyle - life gets more and more complicated. We are beginning to feel pressure to produce and be successful. We are taught that economic growth is progress, but we aren’t taught how to pursue a happy, healthy on sustainable way of living. And we are leaning that what we wanted for the future when we were 12 was idealistic and innocent.
Today I’m no longer a child, but I’m worried about what kind of environment my children will grow up in. I know change is possible, because I am changing, still figuring out what think. I am still deciding how to live my life. The challenges are great, but if we accept individual responsibility and make sustainable choices, we will rise to the challenges, and we will become part of the positive tide of change.
36. The purpose of what the speaker said at the age of 12 was to ________.
A. end poverty and make school beautiful
B. end poverty and solve the problems about environment
C. find a wonderful place and clean it up
D. find environmental answers and keep the words that they always told themselves
37. What does the underlined word “ovation” in the second paragraph refer to ________.
A. a long period of laughing B. a warm welcome
C. a long period of clapping and applauses D. an expression used for greeting
38. Which of the following is true according to the passage
A. the writer thinks what he thought at the age of 12 is mature.
B. the writer’s children will certainly live in an ideal environment.
C. the writer’s confidence in the people in power has deeply shaken their voice.
D. the writer’s belief does not change when he grows up.
【答案】36. B 37. C 38. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述作者12岁时在里约地球峰会上发言，希望大人们能做到在学校教育孩子时的要求，解决贫困问题，找出治理环境的方法，建立一个和平、美丽的世界，他的发言受到各国代表热烈赞扬。十年后作者初衷未改变，从我做起一起改变这个世界。
【36题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“I remember my enthusiasm when，at the age of 12,I addressed the people at the Rio Earth Summit. ‘I am only a child,’ I told them. ‘Yet I know that if all the money spent on war was spent on ending poverty and finding environmental answers, what a wonderful place this world would be.’ (我还记得我12岁时在里约热内卢地球峰会上向人们讲话时的那种热情。‘我只是个孩子。’我告诉他们。‘但我知道，如果花在战争上的钱都花在消除贫困和寻找环境问题的答案上，这个世界将会变得多么美好。’)”可推断，演讲者在12岁时所演讲的目的是结束贫困和解决环境问题。故选B。
【37题详解】
词义猜测题。根据划线词前半句“I spoke for six minutes (我讲了六分钟)”和后句“Some of the delegates even cried. (一些代表甚至哭了)”可知，作者的演讲受到了与会人员的赞同。由此猜测，他们听完后全场起立鼓掌。所以ovation为“鼓掌”之意。故选C。
【38题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“I know change is possible, because I am changing, still figuring out what I think. I am still deciding how to live my life. (我知道改变是可能的，因为我正在改变，仍在思考我的想法。我还在决定如何生活)”可知，纵使会有再多改变作者仍坚守自己的信念。故选D。
(B)
Submitting Homework Online
In order to upload an assignment to the system properly, you must save the assignment using one of the following applications: Microsoft Word, Corel WordPerfect, or Microsoft Excel.
After you complete an assignment, it is important to save your work. This ensures that assignment being uploaded to the system is the most updated version. Your word processing program may attempt to save the assignment to a default folder on your computer. We recommend creating a new folder, named after your course, in a location that is easy to remember, such as “My Documents.”
File Name Requirements
Select a file name for the assignment that is easy to remember. The file name must NOT contain spaces. Any spaces used in the file name will prevent the file from uploading to the system. File names using the extensions .rtf, .html, .zip, .jpg, or .exe are NOT allowed. Review the following examples to be sure that you use the proper format:
Example of an acceptable file name: lesson1.doc
Example of an unacceptable file name: lesson 1.doc
Assignment Upload Procedure
Make sure you save the assignment using one of the applications previously identified and ensure that it meets the file name requirements described above. When the file is ready to upload, follow these steps:
1. Log into the system.
2. Enter your address information and click the CONTINUE button. You will be routed to the “Directions” screen.
3. Review the directions and click the CONTINUE button. You will be routed to the “Special Assignment Upload” screen.
4. Click the BROWSE button. The “Choose File” pop-up window appears.
5. Navigate to the location on your computer where you saved your assignment, and select the file.
6. After you have selected the file click the UPLOAD button to upload your assignment to the system.
39. Which file name is acceptable for submitting homework
A. research paper.doc B. research paper.pdf
C. researchpaper.doc D. researchpaper.rtf
40. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage
A. Applications. B. Uploading steps.
C. The file name. D. Code numbers.
41. The directions suggest saving an assignment to a specific folder in order to help the student_____.
A. navigate the system B. remember the location of the document
C. choose the appropriate application D. remember the document name quickly
【答案】39. C 40. D 41. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍网上提交作业的相关要求。
【39题详解】
推理判断题。根据File Name Requirements部分中“The file name must NOT contain spaces. Any spaces used in the file name will prevent the file from uploading to the system. File names using the extensions .rtf, .html, .zip, .jpg, or .exe are NOT allowed. (文件名不能包含空格。文件名中使用的任何空格都将阻止文件上传到系统。不允许使用.rtf、.html、.zip、.jpg或.exe扩展名的文件名)”可推知，只有文件名researchpaper.doc符合要求，文件名中没有逗号，也没有使用禁用扩展名。故选C项。
【40题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“you must save the assignment using one of the following applications:(你必须使用以下其中一个应用程序保存作业:)”、File Name Requirements部分中“Select a file name for the assignment that is easy to remember.(为作业选择一个容易记住的文件名)”和Assignment Upload Procedure部分中“When the file is ready to upload, follow these steps: (当文件准备好上传时，请遵循以下步骤:)”可知，只有D项Code numbers未提及。故选D项。
【41题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“Your word processing program may attempt to save the assignment to a default folder on your computer. We recommend creating a new folder, named after your course, in a location that is easy to remember, such as ‘My Documents.’(您的文字处理程序可能会尝试将作业保存到计算机上的默认文件夹中。我们建议创建一个新的文件夹，以你的课程命名，在一个容易记住的位置，比如“我的文档”)”可推知，使用指南建议将作业保存到特定的文件夹中，是为了帮助学生记住文档的位置。故选B项。
(C)
The question of whether our government should promote science and technology or the liberal arts in higher education isn’t an either/or proposition (命题), although the current emphasis on preparing young Americans for STEM (science, technology, engineering, maths) - related fields can make it seem that way.
The latest congressional report acknowledge the critical importance of technical training, but also argues that the study of the humanities and social sciences must remain central components of America’s educational system at all levels. Both are critical to producing citizens who can participate effectively in our democratic society, become innovative leaders, and benefit from the spiritual enrichment that the reflection on the great ideas of mankind over time provides.
Parents and students who have invested heavily in higher education worry about graduates’ job prospects as technological advances and changes in domestic and global markets transform professions in ways that reduce wages and cut jobs. Under these circumstances, it’s national to look for what may appear to be the most “practical” way out of the problem. “Major in a subject designed to get you a job” seems the obvious answer to some, though this ignores the fact that many disciplines in the humanities characterized as “soft” often, in fact, lead to employment and success in the long run. Indeed, according to surveys, employers have expressed a preference for students who have received a broadly-based education that has taught them to write well, think critically, research creatively, and communicate easily.
Moreover, students should be prepared not just for their first job, but for their 4th and 5th jobs, as there’s little reason to doubt that people entering the workforce today will be called upon to play many different roles over the course of their careers. The ones who will do the best in this new environment will be those whose educations have prepared them to be flexible. The ability to draw upon every available tool and insight - picked up from science, arts, and technology - to solve the problems of the future, and take advantage of the opportunities that present themselves, will be helpful to them and the United States.
42. What does the latest congressional report suggest
A. STEM-related subjects help students find jobs in the information society.
B. Higher education should be adjust ed to the practical needs of society.
C. The liberal arts in higher education help enrich students’ spiritual life.
D. The humanities and STEM subjects should be given equal importance.
43. What is the main concern of students when they choose a major
A. Their chances of getting a good job.
B. The academic value of the courses.
C. The quality of education to receive.
D. Their interest in relevant subjects.
44. What kind of job applicants do employers look for
A. Those who have a strong sense of responsibility.
B. Those who are good at solving practical problems.
C. Those who have received a well-rounded education.
D. Those who are likely to become innovative leaders.
45 What advice does the author give to college students
A. Seize opportunities to tap their potential.
B. Try to take a variety of practical courses.
C. Prepare themselves for different job options.
D. Choose a flexible job.
【答案】42. D 43. A 44. C 45. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。最新的国会报告建议人文学科和科学、技术、工程学科应该同等重要，指出这两个领域都是培养公民的关键。作者也表达了自己对于选择人文还是科学、技术、工程学科的看法。
【42题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“The latest congressional report acknowledge the critical importance of technical training, but also argues that the study of the humanities and social sciences must remain central components of America’s educational system at all levels.(最新的国会报告承认技术培训的关键重要性，但也认为人文和社会科学的研究必须保持美国各级教育系统的核心组成部分。)”可知，最新的国会报告说明人文学科和STEM学科应该被同等重视。故选D。
【43题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段““Major in a subject designed to get you a job” seems the obvious answer to some(对一些人来说，“主修一个能让你找到工作的专业”似乎是显而易见的答案)”可知，学生们在选择专业时最关心的是找到一份好工作的机会。故选A。
【44题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句话“employers have expressed a preference for students who have received a broadly-based education that has taught them to write well, think critically, research creatively, and communicate easily(雇主们表示，他们更青睐那些受过广泛教育的学生，这些教育教会了他们良好的写作能力、批判性思维能力、创造性研究能力和轻松沟通能力)”可知，雇主寻找接受过全面教育的人，故选C。
【45题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Moreover, students should be prepared not just for their first job, but for their 4th and 5th jobs, as there’s little reason to doubt that people entering the workforce today will be called upon to play many different roles over the course of their careers.(此外，学生不仅应该为第一份工作做好准备，还应该为他们的第四份和第五份工作做好准备，因为几乎没有理由怀疑，今天进入劳动力市场的人将在他们的职业生涯中扮演许多不同的角色。)”可知，作者给大学生的建议是为不同的工作选择做好准备。故选C。
Ⅳ. Translation
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
46. 这位艺术家的多数作品都体现了对稳定、和谐生活的向往。(stable)
____________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Most of this artist's works reflect a yearning for a stable and harmonious life.
【解析】
【详解】考查时态、名词。根据汉语提示，表示“大多数”含义的表达为：most of；表示“这位艺术家的作品”含义的表达为：this artist's works；表示“体现了”含义的表达为：reflect，因句子表示的是一个客观情况，谓语动词使用一般现在时；表示“对……的向往”含义的表达为：a yearning for；表示“稳定、和谐生活”含义的表达为：a stable and harmonious life，故翻译为：Most of this artist's works reflect a yearning for a stable and harmonious life。
47. 宴会主持人向在场的贵宾致以了最热烈的欢迎。(extend)
____________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】The host of the banquet extended the warmest welcome to the distinguished guests present at the event.
【解析】
【详解】考查短语、形容词最高级和时态。句子描述的为过去的事情，使用一般过去时。主语“宴会主持人”为“the host of the banquet”，动词短语“向某人致以最热烈的欢迎”为“extend the warmest welcome to”，“贵宾”为“the distinguished guests”，“在场”为形容词短语“present at the event”，它作后置定语修饰“the distinguished guests”。故翻译为：The host of the banquet extended the warmest welcome to the distinguished guests present at the event.
48. 要保持健康，最重要的是要有均衡的膳食、良好的睡眠以及要规律地适度运动。(matter)
____________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】To maintain good health, what matters most is a balanced diet, adequate sleep, and regular moderate exercise.
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词、名词性从句。分析句子结构，“要保持健康”在句子中作状语表示目的，使用动词不定式，翻译为：to maintain good health；“最重要的是”为主语从句，因从句缺主语，表示内容，使用连接代词what连接主语从句，翻译为：what matters most；表示“是”含义的表达为：be，因句子表示的是一个客观情况，谓语动词使用一般现在时；表示“均衡的膳食、良好的睡眠以及要规律地适度运动”含义的表达为：a balanced diet, adequate sleep, and regular moderate exercise，故翻译为：To maintain good health, what matters most is a balanced diet, adequate sleep, and regular moderate exercise。
49. 尽管养成新习惯耗时费力，但只要你心怀斗志，坚持不懈，终会达成所愿(Despite)
____________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Despite the time and effort required to develop new habits, as long as you stay determined and persistent, you will eventually achieve your goals.
【解析】
【详解】考查介词、名词、形容词、时态和状语从句。“尽管养成新习惯耗时费力”作状语，用指定介词despite构成介词短语despite the time and effort required to develop new habits作让步状语，其中过去分词短语required to develop new habits作后置定语；“只要你心怀斗志，坚持不懈”作条件状语，用复合连词as long as引导，主语“你”用人称代词you，“心怀斗志，坚持不懈”用形容词determined and persistent表示，作表语，表明主语的特质，系动词用stay；主句“终会达成所愿”，添加主语you，谓语“达成”用动词achieve，表示将来会发生的事情，用一般将来时态will achieve，“终会”作状语，用副词eventually，宾语“所愿”用your goals。综上，全句译为：Despite the time and effort required to develop new habits, as long as you stay determined and persistent, you will eventually achieve your goals.
Ⅴ. Guided Writing
50. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
在现代社会，越来越多的人开始重视健康的生活方式，追求身心健康和幸福。然而，要想真正实现健康的生活方式并非易事，需要抵抗诱惑，克服困难。请结合个人实际情况谈谈：1.你目前有哪些不良的生活习惯；2.今后将如何改进。
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【答案】 In modern society, more and more people have started to value a healthy lifestyle and pursue physical and mental well-being and happiness. However, achieving a truly healthy lifestyle is not easy. It requires resisting temptations and overcoming difficulties.
As for me, I tend to spend too much time sitting and being inactive, which can negatively impact my physical health. Besides, I often consume unhealthy snacks and sugary drinks, leading to weight gain and other health problems.
To improve my lifestyle in the future, I will incorporate regular exercise into my daily routine, such as going for a walk or participating in a fitness class. In addition, I will replace unhealthy snacks with nutritious alternatives like fruits and vegetables.
I strongly believe that I can gradually develop a healthier lifestyle and eventually achieve a better state of physical and mental well-being.
【解析】
【导语】本书面表达是一篇应用文写作。要求考生结合个人实际情况写一篇作文，谈谈自己有哪些不良的生活习惯和今后将如何改进。
【详解】1.词汇积累
导致：lead to→result in
参加：participate in→join in/take part in/be engaged in
此外：in addition→besides/additionally/furthermore/moreover
最后：eventually→ultimately
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：To improve my lifestyle in the future, I will incorporate regular exercise into my daily routine, such as going for a walk or participating in a fitness class.
拓展句：In order that I can improve my lifestyle in the future, I will incorporate regular exercise into my daily routine, such as going for a walk or participating in a fitness class.
【点睛】【高分句型1】As for me, I tend to spend too much time sitting and being inactive, which can negatively impact my physical health. (运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句)
【高分句型2】I strongly believe that I can gradually develop a healthier lifestyle and eventually achieve a better state of physical and mental well-being. (运用了that引导的宾语从句)上海市行知中学2023学年第二学期 第二次月考
高一年级 英语试卷
(本试卷满分 100分，考试时间90分钟)
Ⅰ. Listening Comprehension
Section A
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1. A. She has been left behind in her work. B. She does few things with her mobile phone.
C. She keeps her mobile phone at home. D. She has bought the latest model of mobile phone.
2. A. They needn’t dress similarly. B. The woman had better avoid jeans.
C. The man is looking for a new jacket. D. They shouldn’t dress too informally.
3 A. He’s expecting to meet his boss. B. He’s always in a good mood.
C. He received a good evaluation. D. He had a fight with his boss.
4. A. She remains strict with others. B. She is self-conscious.
C. She is narrow-minded. D. She has trouble communicating.
5. A. He doesn’t have time to read. B. He dislikes what the woman likes reading.
C. He likes to write essays on social topics. D. He has no reading preferences.
6. A. Ask a friend for the name of a hair stylist. B. Make an appointment with someone else.
C. Call another hair salon. D. Get her hair cut at 12:00.
7. A. Get a book on how to make repairs. B. Ask the man to fix her refrigerator.
C. Find a repair person soon. D. Wait to see if the problem disappears.
8. A. She needs a new ha t and gloves.
B. The weather will continue to be cold.
C. The man had better put away his winter clothes.
D. She wonders what the weather will be like tomorrow.
9. A. Reschedule one of his appointments. B. Keep both meetings short.
C. Cancel his appointments. D. Prepare for the meeting at breakfast.
10. A. He’d prefer not to walk to class. B. He doesn’t spend enough time studying.
C. He doesn’t think the weather is nice. D. He has little time for outdoor activities.
Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two passages and one longer conversation. After each passage or conversation, you will be asked several questions. The passage and the conversations will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.
11. A. Various traffic-claiming measures put forward by residents.
B. The inconveniences caused by what is being done on Castle View Road.
C Different age groups’ opinions about proposals concerning road safety.
D. The difference between those aged over 40 and those between 21 and 40.
12. A.70%. B.3%. C.60%. D.15%.
13. A. Too much traffic. B. High speed.
C. Poor road conditions. D. Pedestrians’ disruption.
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.
14. A. The funny story. B. Their previous adaptations.
C. Their lack of experience. D. The characters.
15. A. Once a week. B. Four times a week. C. Three times a week. D. Twice a week.
16. A. High-priced. B. Slow-paced. C. Successful. D. Boring.
Ⅱ. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Boyan Slat, a Dutch inventor is cleaning the world’s most polluted rivers in an effort to save the oceans. He has made it his mission___1___(remove) plastic from the oceans. His organization, The Ocean Cleanup, has successfully started to clean the pollution that has been circling in the Great Pacific Garbage Patch. But millions more tons of plastic enter the oceans every year, almost all of it ___2___ (flow) from rivers.
Just 10 rivers are responsible for around 90% of all that plastic, ___3___a 2017 study from the Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research. “So ___4___we focus on the worst rivers, we believe we can really have the fastest and most cost-effective way to close the tap and prevent more plastic from reaching the oceans in the first place,” Slat said.
The Ocean Cleanup is effectively using floating trash collectors called “Interceptors”. These solar-powered, autonomous systems use the rivers’ currents to guide the trash onto a conveyor belt that carry the waste to ___5___ (await) bins.
The first interceptor went to work in Jakarta, Indonesia, to pull plastic from a waterway called the Cengkareng drain. A second interceptor began collecting trash flowing down the Klang river in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. On the other side of the world, ___6___Interceptor has recently started removing river pollution near the mouth of the Rio Ozama in the Dominican Republic.
“___7___the river is polluted, the fish die. Every year there are less fish,” Luis Peguero, a local fisherman, explained. When Peguero is lucky enough to reel in (收线拉起) a catch, it ___8___not be safe for his family to eat. “You find stuff in the fish, especially the catfish. Trash, bottle lids, even a shoe. The fish can’t survive this,” said Peguero. To him, the modern trash-collecting catamaran (双体船) is a peculiar but welcome sight.
The Ocean Cleanup is working with the local governments and communities to help retrieve (取回) the plastic the Interceptors collect. “By stopping plastic in rivers, we hope to not only address the big global plastic pollution issue, but also really help make life better for the people___9___live near these problematic rivers,” said Slat.
The Ocean Cleanup’s goal is to tackle the thousand most polluted rivers within 5 years. Soon interceptors ____10____ (head) to Vietnam, Thailand, Jamaica and Los Angeles County in the United States.
“We are getting out tons of plastic every single day,” Slat said. “We accept that we won’t deliver magic in one go. But we’re doing this, step by step.”
Section B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. conclusive B. indiscriminate C. awe D. favourable E. uninhabitable F. address G. advocating H. agenda I. attain J. conventional K. odds
The world has warmed more than one degree Celsius since the Industrial Revolution. The Paris climate agreement hoped to restrict warming to two degrees. The ____11____ of succeeding, according to a recent study based on current emissions trends, are one in 20. If by some miracle we are able to limit warming to two degrees, we will only have to negotiate the extinction of the world’s tropical reefs, ____12____ the sea-level rise of several meters and abandon the Persian Gulf. The climate scientist James Hansen has called two-degree warming “long-term disaster”, which is now the best-case scenario. Four-degree warming will mean “short-term disaster”: Europe in permanent drought; vast areas of China, India and Bangladesh claimed by desert; the American Southwest largely ____13____.
In the decade that ran from 1979 to 1989, we had an excellent opportunity to solve the climate crisis. The world’s major powers came within several signatures of ____14____ a global framework to reduce carbon emissions — far closer than we’ve come since. During those years, the conditions for success could not have been more ____15____. The obstacles we blame for our current inaction had yet to emerge. Almost nothing stood in our way — nothing except ourselves.
Nearly everything we understand now about global warming was understood in 1979. Human beings have altered Earth’s atmosphere through the ____16____ burning of fossil fuels. At the start of the 1980s, scientists within the federal government predicted that ____17____ evidence of warming would appear on the global temperature record by the end of the decade, at which point it would be too late to avoid disaster. A report prepared by the National Academy of Sciences advised that “the carbon-dioxide issue should appear on the international ____18____ in a context that will maximize cooperation and minimize political controversy and division.” If the world had adopted the proposal widely supported at the end of the ‘80s, warming could have been held to less than 1.5degrees.
But they failed even though the world’s leading oceanographer Henry Stommel and the Harvard planetary physicist Richard Goody, whose mere presence could inspire ____19____, tried to warn humanity of what was coming. They risked their careers in a painful campaign to solve the problem, first in scientific reports, later through _____20_____ avenues of political persuasion and finally with a strategy of public shaming. Their efforts were passionate and they failed. Now it is our turn.
Ⅲ. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
What is the Great Pacific Garbage Patch
The Great Pacific Garbage Patch (GPGP) is the largest of the five offshore plastic accumulation zones in the world’s oceans. It is located halfway between Hawaii and California.
PLASTIC _____21_____
It is estimated that 1.15 to 2.41 million tonnes of plastic are entering the ocean each year from rivers. More than half of this plastic is less _____22_____than the water, meaning that it will not sink once it encounters the sea.
The strong and floating plastics show resiliency(韧性) in the marine environment, allowing them to be transported over _____23_____distances. They persist at the sea surface as they make their way off shore, transported by converging (汇聚的) currents and finally accumulating in the patch.
Once these plastics enter the gyre（环流）, they are unlikely to leave the area until they _____24_____into smaller microplastics under the effects of sun, waves and marine life. As more and more plastics are discarded into the environment, microplastic _____25_____in the GPGP will only continue to increase.
LOCATION
Due to seasonal and interannual variabilities of winds and currents, the GPGP’s location and shape are constantly changing. Only floating objects that are _____26_____influenced by currents were likely to remain within the patch.
By simulating concentration levels in the North Pacific, the researchers were able to follow the location of the patch and found on average it orbits around 32°N and 145°W. However, the team observed seasonal _____27_____from west to east and substantial variations in latitude（纬度）depending on the year.
IMPACT ON WILDLIFE
Plastic has increasingly become a very common substance in the ocean. Due to its size and color, animals _____28_____the plastic for food, causing malnutrition; it poses entanglement（缠绕）risks and threatens their overall behavior, health, and existence.
Studies have shown that about 700 species have encountered marine debris, and 92% of these _____29_____are with plastic. 17% of the species affected by plastic are on the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List of Threatened Species.
IMPACT ON HUMANS AND SOCIETY
Once plastic enters the marine food web, there is a possibility that it will contaminate the human food chain as well. Through a process called bioaccumulation, chemicals in plastics will enter the body of the animal _____30_____on the plastic, and as the feeder becomes prey, the chemicals will pass to the _____31_____—making their way up the food web that includes humans. These chemicals that affected the plastic feeders could then be _____32_____within the human as well.
_____33_____, yearly economic costs due to marine plastic are estimated to be between $6-19billion USD. The costs _____34_____its impact on tourism, fisheries and aquaculture, and governmental cleanups. These costs do not include the impact on human health and the marine ecosystem due to _____35_____research available.
21. A. ACCUMULATION B. DRIFT C. FLOATING D. PROMOTION
22. A. light B. thick C. tiny D. dense
23. A. adjusted B. overdone C. deposited D. extended
24. A. upgrade B. degrade C. assemble D. disassemble
25. A. transportation B. estimation C. concentration D. location
26. A. predominantly B. rarely C. previously D. slightly
27. A. similarity B. shift C. boost D. figure
28. A. exchange B. substitute C. leave D. confuse
29. A. implications B. interactions C. interferences D. influences
30. A. resting B. feeding C. risking D. waiting
31. A. mariner B. prey C. tracker D. predator
32. A. present B. absent C. current D. reliable
33. A. Likewise B. However C. Moreover D. Therefore
34. A. result in B. remove from C. stem from D. bring about
35. A. insufficient B. adequate C. insignificant D. substantial
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C. and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.
(A)
When you are little, it’s not hard to believe you can change the world. I remember my enthusiasm when, at the age of 12, I addressed the people at the Rio Earth Summit. “I am only a child” I told them. “Yet I know that if all the money spent on war was spent on ending poverty and finding environmental answers, what a wonderful place this world would be. At school you teach us not to fight with others, to work things out, to respect others, to clean up our mess, not to hurt other creatures, to share, not to be greedy. Then, why do you go out and do the thing you tell us not to do You grown-ups say you love us, but I challenge you, please, to make our actions reflect your words.”
I spoke for six minutes and received a standing ovation. Some of the delegates even cried. I thought that maybe had reached some of them, that my speech might actually spur(激励)action. Now, ten years from Rio, after I’ve sat through many more conferences, I’m not sure what has been accomplished. My confidence in the people in power and in the power of an individual’s voice to reach them has been deeply shaken.
When I was little, the world was simple. But as a young adult, I’m learning that as we have to make choices - education, career, lifestyle - life gets more and more complicated. We are beginning to feel pressure to produce and be successful. We are taught that economic growth is progress, but we aren’t taught how to pursue a happy, healthy on sustainable way of living. And we are leaning that what we wanted for the future when we were 12 was idealistic and innocent.
Today I’m no longer a child, but I’m worried about what kind of environment my children will grow up in. I know change is possible, because I am changing, still figuring out what think. I am still deciding how to live my life. The challenges are great, but if we accept individual responsibility and make sustainable choices, we will rise to the challenges, and we will become part of the positive tide of change.
36. The purpose of what the speaker said at the age of 12 was to ________.
A. end poverty and make school beautiful
B. end poverty and solve the problems about environment
C. find a wonderful place and clean it up
D. find environmental answers and keep the words that they always told themselves
37. What does the underlined word “ovation” in the second paragraph refer to ________.
A. a long period of laughing B. a warm welcome
C. a long period of clapping and applauses D. an expression used for greeting
38. Which of the following is true according to the passage
A. the writer thinks what he thought at the age of 12 is mature.
B. the writer’s children will certainly live in an ideal environment.
C. the writer’s confidence in the people in power has deeply shaken their voice.
D. the writer’s belief does not change when he grows up.
(B)
Submitting Homework Online
In order to upload an assignment to the system properly, you must save the assignment using one of the following applications: Microsoft Word, Corel WordPerfect, or Microsoft Excel.
After you complete an assignment, it is important to save your work. This ensures that assignment being uploaded to the system is the most updated version. Your word processing program may attempt to save the assignment to a default folder on your computer. We recommend creating a new folder, named after your course, in a location that is easy to remember, such as “My Documents.”
File Name Requirements
Select a file name for the assignment that is easy to remember. The file name must NOT contain spaces. Any spaces used in the file name will prevent the file from uploading to the system. File names using the extensions .rtf, .html, .zip, .jpg, or .exe are NOT allowed. Review the following examples to be sure that you use the proper format:
Example of an acceptable file name: lesson1.doc
Example of an unacceptable file name: lesson 1.doc
Assignment Upload Procedure
Make sure you save the assignment using one of the applications previously identified and ensure that it meets the file name requirements described above. When the file is ready to upload, follow these steps:
1. Log into the system.
2. Enter your address information and click the CONTINUE button. You will be routed to the “Directions” screen.
3 Review the directions and click the CONTINUE button. You will be routed to the “Special Assignment Upload” screen.
4. Click the BROWSE button. The “Choose File” pop-up window appears.
5. Navigate to the location on your computer where you saved your assignment, and select the file.
6. After you have selected the file, click the UPLOAD button to upload your assignment to the system.
39. Which file name is acceptable for submitting homework
A. research paper.doc B. research paper.pdf
C. researchpaper.doc D. researchpaper.rtf
40. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage
A. Applications. B. Uploading steps.
C. The file name. D. Code numbers.
41. The directions suggest saving an assignment to a specific folder in order to help the student_____.
A. navigate the system B. remember the location of the document
C. choose the appropriate application D. remember the document name quickly
(C)
The question of whether our government should promote science and technology or the liberal arts in higher education isn’t an either/or proposition (命题), although the current emphasis on preparing young Americans for STEM (science, technology, engineering, maths) - related fields can make it seem that way.
The latest congressional report acknowledge the critical importance of technical training, but also argues that the study of the humanities and social sciences must remain central components of America’s educational system at all levels. Both are critical to producing citizens who can participate effectively in our democratic society, become innovative leaders, and benefit from the spiritual enrichment that the reflection on the great ideas of mankind over time provides.
Parents and students who have invested heavily in higher education worry about graduates’ job prospects as technological advances and changes in domestic and global markets transform professions in ways that reduce wages and cut jobs. Under these circumstances, it’s national to look for what may appear to be the most “practical” way out of the problem. “Major in a subject designed to get you a job” seems the obvious answer to some, though this ignores the fact that many disciplines in the humanities characterized as “soft” often, in fact, lead to employment and success in the long run. Indeed, according to surveys, employers have expressed a preference for students who have received a broadly-based education that has taught them to write well, think critically, research creatively, and communicate easily.
Moreover, students should be prepared not just for their first job, but for their 4th and 5th jobs, as there’s little reason to doubt that people entering the workforce today will be called upon to play many different roles over the course of their careers. The ones who will do the best in this new environment will be those whose educations have prepared them to be flexible. The ability to draw upon every available tool and insight - picked up from science, arts, and technology - to solve the problems of the future, and take advantage of the opportunities that present themselves, will be helpful to them and the United States.
42. What does the latest congressional report suggest
A. STEM-related subjects help students find jobs in the information society.
B. Higher education should be adjust ed to the practical needs of society.
C. The liberal arts in higher education help enrich students’ spiritual life.
D. The humanities and STEM subjects should be given equal importance.
43. What is the main concern of students when they choose a major
A. Their chances of getting a good job.
B. The academic value of the courses.
C. The quality of education to receive.
D. Their interest in relevant subjects.
44. What kind of job applicants do employers look for
A. Those who have a strong sense of responsibility.
B. Those who are good at solving practical problems.
C. Those who have received a well-rounded education.
D. Those who are likely to become innovative leaders.
45. What advice does the author give to college students
A. Seize opportunities to tap their potential.
B. Try to take a variety of practical courses.
C Prepare themselves for different job options.
D. Choose a flexible job.
Ⅳ. Translation
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
46. 这位艺术家的多数作品都体现了对稳定、和谐生活的向往。(stable)
____________________________________________________________________________________
47. 宴会主持人向在场的贵宾致以了最热烈的欢迎。(extend)
____________________________________________________________________________________
48. 要保持健康，最重要的是要有均衡的膳食、良好的睡眠以及要规律地适度运动。(matter)
____________________________________________________________________________________
49. 尽管养成新习惯耗时费力，但只要你心怀斗志，坚持不懈，终会达成所愿。(Despite)
____________________________________________________________________________________
Ⅴ. Guided Writing
50. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
在现代社会，越来越多的人开始重视健康的生活方式，追求身心健康和幸福。然而，要想真正实现健康的生活方式并非易事，需要抵抗诱惑，克服困难。请结合个人实际情况谈谈：1.你目前有哪些不良的生活习惯；2.今后将如何改进。
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