2023—2024学年度（下）联合体高二期中检测
英 语
（满分：150分 考试时间：120分钟）
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Cultural Websites
Ancient Greece
This is a guide with rich information and pictures to Ancient Greece, covering art, architecture, politics, Olympics, geography, history and other topics. The photo gallery with bird’s-eye images of Greek art is of note. Contents include maps, biographies and related links, though little in the way of engaging multimedia. The website last updated in 2008, and some links are broken.
Getty
Getty, an online museum, focuses on the visual arts and serves both general audiences and specialized professionals. Its Research Library is accessible to both on-site and far-away users. The Explore Art part permits you to look through many of the works of art on show. You can also view present or past exhibitions. There are also topics for discussion on many sides of art and art history.
Library of Congress
The website contains main source materials connecting to the history and culture of the United States. It offers more than 7 million digital artworks from more than 100 historical collections. You can select collections to search and explore teaching and learning ideas with American memory.
Internet History Sourcebooks Project
The website is wonderful collections of public area and copy-permitted historical texts for educational use. With pages designed specifically to help teachers and students, it contains hundreds of well-organized sources and also includes links to visual and hearing materials, as art and archeology play an important role in the study of ancient history.
21. How is Ancient Greece different from other websites
A. It covers art. B. Its renewal is suspended.
C. Its topics include history. D. It contains historical culture.
22. What can visitors do in the Explore Art part of Getty
A. View artworks on display. B. Purchase art pieces online.
C. Serve the Research Library. D. Join the scientific discussion.
23. What do the last two websites have in common
A. They focus on ancient science. B. They provide teaching materials.
C. They deal with American issues. D. They have several hundred pages.
B
John Nelson, 92, grew up in Michigan and volunteered for the army in 1945. The 18-year-old managed to get accepted, despite being colourblind. He landed on the island of Iwo Jima in the first days of the American attack to take the island from the Japanese. Nelson fought day and night for 10 days before receiving a serious wound to his right arm. The other seven men in his squadron (中队) all died. American losses included 5,900 dead and 17,400 wounded.
Nelson saw the American flag being raised on Mount Suribachi after the island was taken by the American forces. The arm would continue to trouble him the rest of his life. Suffering from anxiety and flashbacks, he was diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder (创伤后应激障碍).
Al Elders was a Grandville farm boy. He joined the Navy and was stationed on Guam when the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki on Aug. 6 and 9,1945, basically ended the war with Japan.
War often develops lasting friendships. But for the two World War II veterans (老兵) living at Sunset Manor in Jenison, their friendship didn’t begin until about a year and a half ago. One day, Elders noticed a man sitting at a cafeteria in the Sunset Village, and that was Nelson. Seeing his Marine cap, Elders thought they would have something to talk about. And they did. The war in the Pacific is a common bond.
The two men later worked together to serve other residents at Sunset Manor. John began detailing cars during good weather and cleaning walkers in winter. Elders became his advertising manager. They donated most of their income to the Wounded Warrior project. John is less mobile now and is in care at Sunset. Elders continues to visit and to encourage his friend. A friend of Elders’ who traveled to Iwo Jima brought back a jar filled with sand from the rock y island. Elders sent the gift, along with his own wartime collections, to the Seabee Museum and Memorial Park.
24. What do we know about John Nelson
A. His hometown was ruined by the war.
B. He joined the army through strict tests.
C. He joined the army with his good friend.
D. He was physically and mentally injured in the war.
25. Why did Nelson and Elders develop a friendship
A. They had the same interest. B. They both felt sad and lonely.
C. They studied in the same school. D. They shared a common war experience.
26. We can learn that the two friends ________ from Paragraph 5.
A. were devoted to contributing to the society
B. started a successful business
C. visited Iwo Jima together after the war
D. supported young people to join the army
27. What does the text mainly talk about
A. How people tried to survive the war.
B. The meaning of peace for ordinary people.
C. Two old soldiers’ life experiences and friendship.
D. Two old soldiers’ touching friendship during wartime.
C
The 2023 China-Germany Automobile Conference was held in Jilin, Henan and Zhejiang recently. At the conference, people discussed plans for new energy vehicles (NEVs) and collaboration between Germany and China.
China has established a competitive edge in NEVs. In 2022, China’s market share of NEVs accounted for more than 65 percent of the global total, maintaining its position as the world’s leading NEV market for eight years, China Daily reported.
Reflecting on the journey of leading Chinese electric car manufacturer (制造商) BYD, Chairman Wang Chuanfu recalled about 2003 when BYD entered into the NEV industry amid doubts and mockery, as few people back then believed in the future of NEVs. Surprisingly, within a few years, China’s NEV exports increased greatly. In 2022, the China Association of Automobile Manufacturers reported an impressive total export volume of 679,000 NEVs.
In the European market, Chinese brands, such as BYD and Hongqi, have entered the top 50 best-selling motor companies across Europe, The Times reported. Shu Youxing, general manager of BYD International Cooperation Division and the European Automobile Sales Division, said that the company’s pure electric buses have now hit the roads of more than 100 major European cities such as Amsterdam, London and Copenhagen, helping Europeans cut carbon emissions by over 200,000 tons.
NEVs made in China are also popular in Mexico. One local, Israel Aguilar, is deeply impressed. After nearly a year of trying out a Chinese NEV, Aguilar said he may never go back to driving his traditional petrol car, stating that the NEV offers better comfort.
“Technology is truly very important in these times especially for a vehicle. And it has been truly extraordinary for me to handle these technologies that come from China,” Aguilar told Xinhua.
The thriving global expansion of Chinese NEVs is primarily thanks to the efforts of companies to improve their capability for innovation. One major example of this is China’s drive to become the global leader in making EV batteries, fueled by an advantage in the supply chain and raw materials such as lithium (锂) and cobalt (钴).
28. What can we learn about BYD
A. BYD exports 679, 000 NEVs each year.
B. BYD suffered hardship in its development.
C. BYD lost hope due to doubts and mockeries.
D. BYD always maintains the world’s leading position.
29 What can we infer from Paragraph 4
A. Chinese NEVs can help protect the environment.
B. Pure electric buses have caused many road accidents.
C. Importing Chinese NEVs is a main task for The Times.
D. Only BYD and Hongqi have entered the European market.
30. What is Aguilar’s attitude to the technology from China
A. Satisfied. B. Opposed. C. Unclear. D. Doubtful.
31. What is the key factor for the global expansion of Chinese NEVs
A. Cooperation with partners. B. The big overseas markets.
C. The ability of creation. D. Great leaders of the companies.
D
It is often said that laughter is the best medicine. But some researchers at the University of Oxford think the ability to belly laughs (捧腹大笑) was unique to early humans. This, they believe, made our ancestors able to form much larger groups.
The researchers first tested the pain thresholds (临界值) of some volunteers. They divided them into two groups. One group was shown 15 minutes of comedy videos, while the other was shown boring programs.
Through this experiment, the researchers found that those who had recently experienced belly laughs were able to withstand (忍受) up to 10% more pain than they had done before watching the videos. To their surprise, the scientists also found that the other group was less able to withstand pain after watching 15 minutes of the “boring” programs.
Professor Robin Dunbar of Oxford University, who led the research, believed that belly laughs release chemicals called endorphins (内啡肽) into the body which make us feel less painful.
However, not all comedy programs had such effects, according to Prof Dunbar. For example, though clever stand-up comedy was found to be enjoyable, it had no effect on raising pain thresholds. “Things that worked very well were interesting comedies such as Mr. Bean. Situation comedies such as Friends also seemed to be particularly successful,” he added.
In order to measure endorphin levels, the researchers put a bag of ice on the volunteers’ arms to see how long they could withstand it. They found that the greater the increase in pain thresholds, the greater the amount of endorphins produced.
The purpose of Prof Dunbar’s study was not to develop a new treatment. Instead, it was to study the role of laughter in the forming of human societies two million years ago.
“The next stage will be to see whether laughing really allows people to keep together and work as a group better and be friendlier towards each other. If that is the case, then it may explain why two million years ago, the first humans were able to form large communities of up to 100,” Dunbar added.
32. Prof Dunbar’s study was to ________.
A. test the pain thresholds of humans
B. measure the endorphin levels while laughing
C. develop a new kind of medicine that reduces pain
D. explore the influence of laughter on forming human societies
33. The underlined word “it” in Paragraph 6 refers to “________”.
A. the researcher B. endorphin level C. the ice D. belly laugh
34. What can we know from the last paragraph
A. More experiments about laughter will be carried out.
B. People who laugh a lot are friendlier towards each other.
C. Laughter makes people keep together and work as a group.
D. The first humans could only form small communities smaller than 100.
35. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage
A. Endorphins can make us feel less painful.
B. All comedy programs can help us reduce pain.
C. Mr. Bean and Friends are both very successful to raise pain thresholds.
D. The researchers divided the volunteers into two groups.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
In a world where technology is king, hardly does a day go by without the launch of some “world-changing” product in the field of alternate reality. ____36____ These include VR, AR, MR, XR and the list goes on.
Many people confuse augmented reality (AR) with virtual reality (VR) and understandably so. Both AR and VR offer alternate or altered reality experiences and as a result, it is easy for users to be attracted and wonder what is real and what is not. ____37____ Both aim to provide an enhanced or enriched experience to users, most commonly used in the gaming scene, but also increasingly used in other areas.
However, AR and VR can be quite different in many ways. ____38____ Simply put, VR “transports” the user to another world, by “replacing” the real world with a virtual substitute most commonly done through helmets or goggles to completely immerse (使沉浸于) the gamer in a different reality. For example, it can make users feel as if they are falling, thereby igniting fear.
AR, however, does not change the entire landscape of what users see. In fact, it adds to reality with digital images. While AR may be less immersive than VR, the success of games which use AR is proof that it can be just as or even more entertaining than VR games. ____39____
VR and AR are both powerful technologies which are still relatively new to many consumers. ____40____ They can completely change how we use our electronic devices in the future, but whether one will edge out the other is anyone’s guess.
A. VR can be interactive or non-interactive.
B. The main difference lies in the mode of delivery.
C. In short, at the heart of VR and AR are two very similar technologies.
D. However, they have already begun to shake things up in the gaming world.
E. They would see computer made images as an overlay to what they see in real life.
F. Moreover, since AR does not require the use of goggles or helmets, it is more accessible.
G. It is also getting increasingly difficult to keep up with the “R” s that have come into existence.
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
I drove 12 miles to the county newspaper office one day. I had to ____41____ outside and wait. Beside me lay a one-page short novel I had written, and I hoped to get it come out. “What if the publisher didn’t ____42____ it ” I thought to myself. I was on pin s and needles, and every now and then, I stood up and walked back and forth.
Eventually, I was led to the publisher’s office by his secretary. I still felt ____43____, but the kind smile he shared with me soon made me eased. I didn’t even own a ____44____ at the time, so he had to read my handwritten ____45____. Then he said, “I couldn’t like it enough and I would include it in the next week’s ____46____.” I jumped with joy and said, “Thanks, Sir.” But I ____47____ even more.
I asked him if I could keep writing for him each week. He thought for a moment and then ____48____. He even said he would pay me five dollars for each new thing I ____49____. I was so ____50____ that I skipped and danced on the sidewalk when I went outside. Little did I know that moment would ____51____ my life.
That was almost 40 years ago. Now I have my own studio and lead a better life. I ____52____ to write something new for my publisher——my friend each week. As I write, I ____53____. I’ve become a determined and patient person. Each time I learn something new, I ____54____ write it to get my friend to publish it. Without my friend, I would never be the ____55____ I am today.
41. A. stand B. sit C. jump D. wander
42. A. explain B. suspect C. want D. read
43. A. nervous B. thrilled C. tired D. afraid
44. A. follower B. clue C. robot D. typewriter
45. A. invitation B. application C. story D. letter
46 A. bill B. edition C. discussion D. exhibition
47. A. imagined B. educated C. expected D. analysed
48. A. admitted B. shook C. refused D. agreed
49. A. wrote B. sent C. typed D. coped
50. A. careful B. cheerful C. reliable D. grateful
51. A. remind B. share C. change D. attain
52. A. continue B. recall C. hesitate D. regret
53. A. approve B. stretch C. bend D. grow
54. A. rarely B. routinely C. frequently D. previously
55. A. author B. celebrity C. secretary D. publisher
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The invention of rubber surgical gloves is celebrating its 135th anniversary in 2024!
Believe it or not, this little tool ____56____ (see) in every doctor’s office and hospital was invented out of love. In 1889, Dr. William Halsted fell in love ____57____ the nurse and eventual wife, Carolyn Hampton. Indeed, this invention should be named “Rubber Gloves of Love”.
Hospital procedures require surgical personnel (全体人员) ____58____ (wash) and disinfect their hands before interacting with patients. Carolyn developed severe dermatitis (皮炎) due to the use of mercuric chloride (氯化汞) for disinfection. She was almost about to resign, ____59____ Halsted wanted to keep her near him. To protect her ____60____ (hand), he thought hard and suddenly, something occurred to him. He ____61____ (contact) the Goodyear Rubber Company, asking the engineers there to fashion thin rubber gloves for Carolyn.
Original rubber gloves were very different from ____62____ we have today, but they proved to be ____63____ excellent addition to the operating room. The gloves were actually well received. Many other personnel began wearing the gloves. It’s ____64____ (general) known that now they have many uses, far beyond their original purpose. For example, hairdressers use ____65____ (they) to prevent getting poisoned by dyes and solutions used in their business.
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节 应用文写作（满分15分）
66. 假定你是李华，你的笔友Jim写信向你求助。他对手机游戏太过痴迷以至于每天无法专心上课，学习成绩急剧下降。家人和老师对此表示不满。他写信向你求助如何戒断手机游戏。请你回信给他，内容包括：
1. 表示关心；
2. 提出建议及理由；
3. 表达你的祝愿。
注意：
1.写作字数应为80左右；
2.按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Jim,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节 读后续写（满分25分）
67. 阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Lungs nearly burst. I struggled to lift my head out of the water. Inch by inch, my tired body reached the end of the pool.
Earlier that month, I had handed in my first job application at a local pool. Overqualified, I was hired on the spot. However, the tasks were boring: helping confused visitors and measuring the height of children before they went down the slide (滑梯). I was capable of more. One day the manager suggested “This looks really easy for you. Why aren’t you applying to become a lifeguard ”
“Well, lifeguarding demands more responsibility, strength and respect. Thus the position pays $ 2 more per hour. Your swimming skills are strong enough. All you need to do is to complete a certification class.”
Thanks to him, his words inspired me — You never know what you are capable of until you force yourself to do it.
Soon I passed the swim test. All left was to practice and learn first aid, CPR (心肺复苏), and procedures for different land-based and water-based emergencies.
My new work as a lifeguard started soon. A well-intentioned yet anxious feeling in me soon passed. Days, weeks, and months went by without incident; emergencies were rare. The skills and training I had so carefully studied and acquired seemed unnecessary and useless.
Today appeared to be another uneventful and peaceful day. However, shortly after the other lifeguards signaled to the children to leave and exit the pool, I noticed one boy was still in the middle while the others had climbed up.
注意：
1. 所续写短文的词数应为150词左右；
2. 续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好。
Paragraph 1:
“Something must have gone wrong with him,” I thought to myself.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
Having the boy on the floor, I put my ear to his mouth and my fingers at his neck.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2023—2024学年度（下）联合体高二期中检测
英 语
（满分：150分 考试时间：120分钟）
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Cultural Websites
Ancient Greece
This is a guide with rich information and pictures to Ancient Greece, covering art, architecture, politics, Olympics, geography, history and other topics. The photo gallery with bird’s-eye images of Greek art is of note. Contents include maps, biographies and related links, though little in the way of engaging multimedia. The website last updated in 2008, and some links are broken.
Getty
Getty, an online museum, focuses on the visual arts and serves both general audiences and specialized professionals. Its Research Library is accessible to both on-site and far-away users. The Explore Art part permits you to look through many of the works of art on show. You can also view present or past exhibitions. There are also topics for discussion on many sides of art and art history.
Library of Congress
The website contains main source materials connecting to the history and culture of the United States. It offers more than 7 million digital artworks from more than 100 historical collections. You can select collections to search and explore teaching and learning ideas with American memory.
Internet History Sourcebooks Project
The website is wonderful collections of public area and copy-permitted historical texts for educational use. With pages designed specifically to help teachers and students, it contains hundreds of well-organized sources and also includes links to visual and hearing materials, as art and archeology play an important role in the study of ancient history.
21. How is Ancient Greece different from other websites
A. It covers art. B. Its renewal is suspended.
C. Its topics include history. D. It contains historical culture.
22. What can visitors do in the Explore Art part of Getty
A. View artworks on display. B. Purchase art pieces online.
C. Serve the Research Library. D. Join the scientific discussion.
23. What do the last two websites have in common
A. They focus on ancient science. B. They provide teaching materials.
C. They deal with American issues. D. They have several hundred pages.
【答案】21. B 22. A 23. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是应用文。文章主要介绍了四个与文化有关的网站。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据Ancient Greece部分中的“The website last updated in 2008, and some links are broken.(该网站上次更新于 2008 年，部分链接已损坏)”可知，Ancient Greece与其他网站不同的是，它暂停更新了，最近一次更新是在2008年，故选B。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据Getty部分中的“The Explore Art part permits you to look through many of the works of art on show. (“探索艺术”部分允许你浏览许多展出的艺术作品。)”可知，参观者可以在the Explore Art part of Getty上浏览展出的艺术品，故选A。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。根据Library of Congress部分中的“The website contains main source materials connecting to the history and culture of the United States. (该网站包含与美国历史和文化相关的主要来源材料)”和Internet History Sourcebooks Project部分中的“With pages designed specifically to help teachers and students, it contains hundreds of well-organized sources and also includes links to visual and hearing materials, as art and archeology play an important role in the study of ancient history. (页面专门为帮助教师和学生而设计，包含数百个组织良好的资源，还包括视觉和听觉材料的链接，如艺术和考古学在古代历史研究中发挥着重要作用。)”可知，最后两个网站的共同之处在于它们都提供教学资料，故选B。
B
John Nelson, 92, grew up in Michigan and volunteered for the army in 1945. The 18-year-old managed to get accepted, despite being colourblind. He landed on the island of Iwo Jima in the first days of the American attack to take the island from the Japanese. Nelson fought day and night for 10 days before receiving a serious wound to his right arm. The other seven men in his squadron (中队) all died. American losses included 5,900 dead and 17,400 wounded.
Nelson saw the American flag being raised on Mount Suribachi after the island was taken by the American forces. The arm would continue to trouble him the rest of his life. Suffering from anxiety and flashbacks, he was diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder (创伤后应激障碍).
Al Elders was a Grandville farm boy. He joined the Navy and was stationed on Guam when the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki on Aug. 6 and 9,1945, basically ended the war with Japan.
War often develops lasting friendships. But for the two World War II veterans (老兵) living at Sunset Manor in Jenison, their friendship didn’t begin until about a year and a half ago. One day, Elders noticed a man sitting at a cafeteria in the Sunset Village, and that was Nelson. Seeing his Marine cap, Elders thought they would have something to talk about. And they did. The war in the Pacific is a common bond.
The two men later worked together to serve other residents at Sunset Manor. John began detailing cars during good weather and cleaning walkers in winter. Elders became his advertising manager. They donated most of their income to the Wounded Warrior project. John is less mobile now and is in care at Sunset. Elders continues to visit and to encourage his friend. A friend of Elders’ who traveled to Iwo Jima brought back a jar filled with sand from the rock y island. Elders sent the gift, along with his own wartime collections, to the Seabee Museum and Memorial Park.
24. What do we know about John Nelson
A. His hometown was ruined by the war.
B. He joined the army through strict tests.
C. He joined the army with his good friend.
D. He was physically and mentally injured in the war.
25. Why did Nelson and Elders develop a friendship
A. They had the same interest. B. They both felt sad and lonely.
C. They studied in the same school. D. They shared a common war experience.
26. We can learn that the two friends ________ from Paragraph 5.
A. were devoted to contributing to the society
B. started a successful business
C. visited Iwo Jima together after the war
D. supported young people to join the army
27 What does the text mainly talk about
A. How people tried to survive the war.
B. The meaning of peace for ordinary people.
C. Two old soldiers’ life experiences and friendship.
D. Two old soldiers’ touching friendship during wartime.
【答案】24. D 25. D 26. A 27. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了两位二战老兵因为共同的战争经历而结下了深厚的友谊，他们虽然年事已高，但仍然致力于服务社会。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“Nelson fought day and night for 10 days before receiving a serious wound to his right arm.(纳尔逊日夜战斗了十天，之后他的右臂受到了重伤)”和第二段中“The arm would continue to trouble him the rest of his life. Suffering from anxiety and flashbacks, he was diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder.(这条手臂将在他余生中持续给他带来困扰。由于饱受焦虑和闪回的折磨，他被诊断为患上了创伤后应激障碍)”可知，Nelson 的身心在战争中都受到了创伤。故选D。
【25题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段中“Seeing his Marine cap, Elders thought they would have something to talk about. And they did. The war in the Pacific is a common bond.(看到纳尔逊的海军陆战队帽子，埃尔德斯认为他们会有共同话题可以聊。事实确实如此，太平洋战争成为了他们之间共有的纽带)”可知，两人结下友谊是因为共同的战争经历。故选D。
【26题详解】
推理判断题。根据第五段中“The two men later worked together to serve other residents at Sunset Manor. John began detailing cars during good weather and cleaning walkers in winter. Elders became his advertising manager. They donated most of their income to the Wounded Warrior project.(两人后来合作为日落庄园的其他居民提供服务。约翰开始在天气好的时候为汽车做细节设计，并在冬天为步行者打扫卫生。埃尔德斯成了他的广告经理。他们把大部分收入捐给了“伤兵”项目)”可知，这两位朋友致力于为社会做贡献，比如为养老院的居民服务，并将大部分收入捐赠给Wounded Warrior项目。故选A。
【27题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文可知，前三段主要讲述了两位老兵经历战争，第四段和第五段主要讲述了两位老兵成为朋友并共同奉献社会的一系列人生经历。故这篇文章主要讲的是两个老兵的生活经历和友谊。故选C。
C
The 2023 China-Germany Automobile Conference was held in Jilin, Henan and Zhejiang recently. At the conference, people discussed plans for new energy vehicles (NEVs) and collaboration between Germany and China.
China has established a competitive edge in NEVs. In 2022, China’s market share of NEVs accounted for more than 65 percent of the global total, maintaining its position as the world’s leading NEV market for eight years, China Daily reported.
Reflecting on the journey of leading Chinese electric car manufacturer (制造商) BYD, Chairman Wang Chuanfu recalled about 2003 when BYD entered into the NEV industry amid doubts and mockery, as few people back then believed in the future of NEVs. Surprisingly, within a few years, China’s NEV exports increased greatly. In 2022, the China Association of Automobile Manufacturers reported an impressive total export volume of 679,000 NEVs.
In the European market, Chinese brands, such as BYD and Hongqi, have entered the top 50 best-selling motor companies across Europe, The Times reported. Shu Youxing, general manager of BYD International Cooperation Division and the European Automobile Sales Division, said that the company’s pure electric buses have now hit the roads of more than 100 major European cities such as Amsterdam, London and Copenhagen, helping Europeans cut carbon emissions by over 200,000 tons.
NEVs made in China are also popular in Mexico. One local, Israel Aguilar, is deeply impressed. After nearly a year of trying out a Chinese NEV, Aguilar said he may never go back to driving his traditional petrol car, stating that the NEV offers better comfort.
“Technology is truly very important in these times, especially for a vehicle. And it has been truly extraordinary for me to handle these technologies that come from China,” Aguilar told Xinhua.
The thriving global expansion of Chinese NEVs is primarily thanks to the efforts of companies to improve their capability for innovation. One major example of this is China’s drive to become the global leader in making EV batteries, fueled by an advantage in the supply chain and raw materials such as lithium (锂) and cobalt (钴).
28. What can we learn about BYD
A. BYD exports 679, 000 NEVs each year.
B. BYD suffered hardship in its development.
C. BYD lost hope due to doubts and mockeries.
D. BYD always maintains the world’s leading position.
29. What can we infer from Paragraph 4
A. Chinese NEVs can help protect the environment.
B. Pure electric buses have caused many road accidents.
C. Importing Chinese NEVs is a main task for The Times.
D. Only BYD and Hongqi have entered the European market.
30. What is Aguilar’s attitude to the technology from China
A. Satisfied. B. Opposed. C. Unclear. D. Doubtful.
31. What is the key factor for the global expansion of Chinese NEVs
A. Cooperation with partners. B. The big overseas markets.
C. The ability of creation. D. Great leaders of the companies.
【答案】28. B 29. A 30. A 31. C
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇新闻报道，主要报道了中国新能源汽车在全球蓬勃发展，主要得益于企业努力提高创新能力。
【28题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Reflecting on the journey of leading Chinese electric car manufacturer (制造商) BYD, Chairman Wang Chuanfu recalled about 2003 when BYD entered into the NEV industry amid doubts and mockery, as few people back then believed in the future of NEVs.(回顾中国领先的电动汽车制造商比亚迪的历程，董事长王传福回忆了2003年比亚迪在质疑和嘲笑中进入新能源汽车行业的情景，当时几乎没有人相信新能源汽车的未来)”可知，比亚迪在发展过程中遭遇了困难。故选B项。
【29题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Shu Youxing, general manager of BYD International Cooperation Division and the European Automobile Sales Division, said that the company’s pure electric buses have now hit the roads of more than 100 major European cities such as Amsterdam, London, and Copenhagen, helping Europeans cut carbon emissions by over 200,000 tons.(比亚迪国际合作部和欧洲汽车销售部总经理舒酉星表示，该公司的纯电动公交车目前已经在阿姆斯特丹、伦敦和哥本哈根等100多个欧洲主要城市上路，帮助欧洲人减少了20多万吨的碳排放)”可知，中国的新能源汽车可以帮助保护环境。故选A。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章倒数第三段“One local, Israel Aguilar, is deeply impressed. After nearly a year of trying out a Chinese NEV, Aguilar said he may never go back to driving his traditional petrol car, stating that the NEV offers better comfort.(以色列人阿吉拉尔(Israel Aguilar)对此印象深刻。在试用了中国新能源汽车将近一年之后，阿吉拉尔说他可能永远不会再开他的传统汽油车了，他说新能源汽车提供了更好的舒适性)”及倒数第二段““Technology is truly very important in these times, especially for a vehicle. And it has been truly extraordinary for me to handle these technologies that come from China,” Aguilar told Xinhua.(“在这个时代，科技真的非常重要，尤其是对汽车来说。对我来说，操纵这些来自中国的技术真的很了不起，”阿吉拉尔在接受新华社采访时表示)”可推知，Aguilar对中国技术很满意。故选A。
【31题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“The thriving global expansion of Chinese NEVs is primarily thanks to the efforts of companies to improve their capability for innovation.(中国新能源汽车在全球蓬勃发展，主要得益于企业努力提高创新能力)”可知，中国新能源汽车在全球扩张的关键因素是企业创新的能力。故选C。
D
It is often said that laughter is the best medicine. But some researchers at the University of Oxford think the ability to belly laughs (捧腹大笑) was unique to early humans. This, they believe, made our ancestors able to form much larger groups.
The researchers first tested the pain thresholds (临界值) of some volunteers. They divided them into two groups. One group was shown 15 minutes of comedy videos, while the other was shown boring programs.
Through this experiment, the researchers found that those who had recently experienced belly laughs were able to withstand (忍受) up to 10% more pain than they had done before watching the videos. To their surprise, the scientists also found that the other group was less able to withstand pain after watching 15 minutes of the “boring” programs.
Professor Robin Dunbar of Oxford University, who led the research, believed that belly laughs release chemicals called endorphins (内啡肽) into the body which make us feel less painful.
However, not all comedy programs had such effects, according to Prof Dunbar. For example, though clever stand-up comedy was found to be enjoyable, it had no effect on raising pain thresholds. “Things that worked very well were interesting comedies such as Mr. Bean. Situation comedies such as Friends also seemed to be particularly successful,” he added.
In order to measure endorphin levels, the researchers put a bag of ice on the volunteers’ arms to see how long they could withstand it. They found that the greater the increase in pain thresholds, the greater the amount of endorphins produced.
The purpose of Prof Dunbar’s study was not to develop a new treatment. Instead, it was to study the role of laughter in the forming of human societies two million years ago.
“The next stage will be to see whether laughing really allows people to keep together and work as a group better and be friendlier towards each other. If that is the case, then it may explain why two million years ago, the first humans were able to form large communities of up to 100,” Dunbar added.
32. Prof Dunbar’s study was to ________.
A test the pain thresholds of humans
B. measure the endorphin levels while laughing
C. develop a new kind of medicine that reduces pain
D. explore the influence of laughter on forming human societies
33. The underlined word “it” in Paragraph 6 refers to “________”.
A. the researcher B. endorphin level C. the ice D. belly laugh
34. What can we know from the last paragraph
A. More experiments about laughter will be carried out.
B. People who laugh a lot are friendlier towards each other.
C. Laughter makes people keep together and work as a group.
D. The first humans could only form small communities smaller than 100.
35. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage
A. Endorphins can make us feel less painful.
B. All comedy programs can help us reduce pain.
C. Mr. Bean and Friends are both very successful to raise pain thresholds.
D. The researchers divided the volunteers into two groups.
【答案】32. D 33. C 34. A 35. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍的是牛津大学的研究人员进行的一项关于捧腹大笑的研究，目的是为了探索捧腹大笑在人类社会形成中的影响。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“The purpose of Prof Dunbar’s study was not to develop a new treatment. Instead, it was to study the role of laughter in the forming of human societies two million years ago. (Dunbar教授研究的目的不是开发一种新的治疗方法。相反，它是为了研究200万年前笑声在人类社会形成中的作用。)”可知，Dunbar教授研究的目的是研究捧腹大笑在人类历史社会形成中的作用。故选D。
【33题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第六段上下文“In order to measure endorphin levels, the researchers put a bag of ice on the volunteers’ arms to see how long they could withstand it. They found that the greater the increase in pain thresholds, the greater the amount of endorphins produced. (为了测量内啡肽水平，研究人员在志愿者的手臂上放了一袋冰，看他们能忍受多久。他们发现，疼痛阈值增加得越多，内啡肽的分泌量就越多)”可知，此处是将冰袋放在志愿者的手臂上，以测试其内啡肽水平。此处的it指代的是 ice。故选C。
【34题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“The next stage will be to see whether laughing really allows people to keep together and work as a group better and be friendlier towards each other. (下一阶段，我们将看看笑是否真的能让人们团结在一起，更好地作为一个团队工作，彼此之间也更友好。)”可知，接下来将会研究笑声是不是能让人们团结在一起，更好地作为一个团队工作，以及彼此之间会不会更友好，由此可知，接下来对笑声进行的研究会有很多。故选A。
【35题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“Professor Robin Dunbar of Oxford University, who led the research, believed that belly laughs release chemicals called endorphins (内啡肽) into the body which make us feel less painful. (领导这项研究的牛津大学Robin Dunbar教授认为，捧腹大笑会释放一种名为内啡肽的化学物质，使我们感觉不那么痛苦。)”可知，内啡肽可以减轻我们的痛苦；根据第五段中的“Things that worked very well were interesting comedies such as Mr. Bean. Situation comedies such as Friends also seemed to be particularly successful (像《憨豆先生》这样有趣的喜剧效果很好。像《老友记》这样的情景喜剧似乎也特别成功)”可知，《憨豆先生》和《老友记》在提高疼痛临界值上都是很成功的；根据第二段中的“The researchers first tested the pain thresholds (临界值) of some volunteers. They divided them into two groups. (研究人员首先测试了一些志愿者的疼痛阈值。)”可知，研究人员把志愿者分为两组；根据第五段中的“However, not all comedy programs had such effects, according to Prof Dunbar. (然而，Dunbar教授表示，并非所有喜剧节目都有这样的效果。)”可知，并不是所有的喜剧节目都能帮助减少我们的痛苦，B项错误。故选B。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
In a world where technology is king, hardly does a day go by without the launch of some “world-changing” product in the field of alternate reality. ____36____ These include VR, AR, MR, XR and the list goes on.
Many people confuse augmented reality (AR) with virtual reality (VR) and understandably so. Both AR and VR offer alternate or altered reality experiences and as a result, it is easy for users to be attracted and wonder what is real and what is not. ____37____ Both aim to provide an enhanced or enriched experience to users, most commonly used in the gaming scene, but also increasingly used in other areas.
However, AR and VR can be quite different in many ways. ____38____ Simply put, VR “transports” the user to another world, by “replacing” the real world with a virtual substitute most commonly done through helmets or goggles to completely immerse (使沉浸于) the gamer in a different reality. For example, it can make users feel as if they are falling, thereby igniting fear.
AR, however, does not change the entire landscape of what users see. In fact, it adds to reality with digital images. While AR may be less immersive than VR, the success of games which use AR is proof that it can be just as or even more entertaining than VR games. ____39____
VR and AR are both powerful technologies which are still relatively new to many consumers. ____40____ They can completely change how we use our electronic devices in the future, but whether one will edge out the other is anyone’s guess.
A. VR can be interactive or non-interactive.
B. The main difference lies in the mode of delivery.
C. In short, at the heart of VR and AR are two very similar technologies.
D. However, they have already begun to shake things up in the gaming world.
E. They would see computer made images as an overlay to what they see in real life.
F. Moreover, since AR does not require the use of goggles or helmets, it is more accessible.
G. It is also getting increasingly difficult to keep up with the “R” s that have come into existence.
【答案】36. G 37. C 38. B 39. F 40. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了AR和VR的相同点和不同点。
【36题详解】
上文“In a world where technology is king, hardly does a day go by without the launch of some ‘world-changing’ product in the field of alternate reality.(在一个技术为王的世界里，几乎每天都会在另类现实领域推出一些‘改变世界’的产品)”和下文“These include VR, AR, MR, XR and the list goes on.(其中包括VR、AR、MR、XR，还有很多)”说明技术发展迅速，几乎每天都有一些新的科技产品的出现。空处承上启下，G项中的“increasingly difficult to keep up with the “R” s”和上文中的“hardly does a day go by without the launch of some “world-changing” product ”相呼应，“the “R” s”和下文中的“VR, AR, MR, XR”相呼应，表明跟上科技进步很困难，因为新科技产品不断在出现，同时引出下文对一些“R”的列举。所以G项“要跟上已经出现的‘R’也变得越来越困难。”符合语境。故选G。
【37题详解】
下文“Both aim to provide an enhanced or enriched experience to users, most commonly used in the gaming scene, but also increasingly used in other areas.(两者都旨在为用户提供增强或丰富的体验，最常用于游戏场景，但也越来越多地用于其他领域)”说明VR和AR技术的使用意图是一样的。空处引出下文，下文中的“both”指代C项中的“at the heart of VR and AR”，说明VR和AR的核心是两种非常相似的技术，两者旨在为用户提供增强或丰富的体验。所以C选项“简而言之，VR和AR的核心是两种非常相似的技术”符合题意。故选C。
【38题详解】
上文“However, AR and VR can be quite different in many ways.(然而，AR和VR在很多方面可能有很大的不同)”说明AR和VR在很多方面都大不相同。空处承接上文，B选项中的“The main difference”和上文中的“quite different in many ways”相呼应，恰当地引入了接下来对VR和AR如何不同进行详细解释的内容。所以B项“主要的区别在于传输方式”符合题意。故选B。
【39题详解】
上文“While AR may be less immersive than VR, the success of games which use AR is proof that it can be just as or even more entertaining than VR games.(虽然AR的沉浸感可能不如VR，但使用AR的游戏的成功证明，它可以与VR游戏一样甚至更具娱乐性)”说明AR虽然沉浸感可能不如VR，但使用AR的游戏同样或甚至更有趣。空处承接上文，进一步补充了AR的优势。即无需额外设备，增加了用户友好性和普及度，与上文形成递进关系。F选项“此外，由于AR不需要使用护目镜或头盔，因此使用起来更方便”符合题意。故选F。
【40题详解】
上文“VR and AR are both powerful technologies which are still relatively new to many consumers.(VR和AR都是强大技术，对许多消费者来说仍然相对较新)”和下文“They can completely change how we use our electronic devices in the future, but whether one will edge out the other is anyone’s guess.(它们可以完全改变我们未来使用电子设备的方式，但其中一种是否会胜过另一种是任何人的猜测)”说明这两项技术目前的新兴状态，但它们已经开始在特定领域产生重大影响。此处与前文为转折关系，并引出下文。说明VR和AR的影响。D选项“然而，它们已经开始撼动游戏世界”与上文构成转折关系，选项中的“they”指代前文中的“VR and AR”，“begun to shake things up in the gaming world”和下文中的“completely change how we use our electronic devices in the future”相呼应；由此可知，D项符合题意。故选D。
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
I drove 12 miles to the county newspaper office one day. I had to ____41____ outside and wait. Beside me lay a one-page short novel I had written, and I hoped to get it come out. “What if the publisher didn’t ____42____ it ” I thought to myself. I was on pin s and needles, and every now and then, I stood up and walked back and forth.
Eventually, I was led to the publisher’s office by his secretary. I still felt ____43____, but the kind smile he shared with me soon made me eased. I didn’t even own a ____44____ at the time, so he had to read my handwritten ____45____. Then he said, “I couldn’t like it enough and I would include it in the next week’s ____46____.” I jumped with joy and said, “Thanks, Sir.” But I ____47____ even more.
I asked him if I could keep writing for him each week. He thought for a moment and then ____48____. He even said he would pay me five dollars for each new thing I ____49____. I was so ____50____ that I skipped and danced on the sidewalk when I went outside. Little did I know that moment would ____51____ my life.
That was almost 40 years ago. Now, I have my own studio and lead a better life. I ____52____ to write something new for my publisher——my friend each week. As I write, I ____53____. I’ve become a determined and patient person. Each time I learn something new, I ____54____ write it to get my friend to publish it. Without my friend, I would never be the ____55____ I am today.
41. A. stand B. sit C. jump D. wander
42. A. explain B. suspect C. want D. read
43. A. nervous B. thrilled C. tired D. afraid
44. A. follower B. clue C. robot D. typewriter
45. A. invitation B. application C. story D. letter
46. A. bill B. edition C. discussion D. exhibition
47. A. imagined B. educated C. expected D. analysed
48. A. admitted B. shook C. refused D. agreed
49. A. wrote B. sent C. typed D. coped
50. A. careful B. cheerful C. reliable D. grateful
51. A. remind B. share C. change D. attain
52. A. continue B. recall C. hesitate D. regret
53. A. approve B. stretch C. bend D. grow
54. A. rarely B. routinely C. frequently D. previously
55. A. author B. celebrity C. secretary D. publisher
【答案】41. B 42. C 43. A 44. D 45. C 46. B 47. C 48. D 49. A 50. B 51. C 52. A 53. D 54. B 55. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者从第一次投稿到最终成为作家的经历。
【41题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我只好坐在外面等。A. stand站立；B. sit坐；C. jump跳；D. wander徘徊，游荡。根据下文“I stood up”可知，作者在外面坐着等，故选B。
【42题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：“如果出版商不想要呢？”我心里想。A. explain解释；B. suspect怀疑；C. want想要；D. read阅读。根据后文“I was on pins and needles, and every now and then, I stood up and walked back and forth.(我坐立不安，时不时地站起来，来回走着)”可知，作者坐立不安，怕出版商不想要他的作品。故选C。
【43题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我仍然感到紧张，但他对我和蔼的微笑很快使我放松下来。A. nervous紧张的；B. thrilled兴奋的；C. tired累的；D. afraid害怕的。根据上文“I was on pin s and needles”和空前的“still”可知，作者仍然感到很紧张，故选A。
【44题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当时我甚至没有打字机，所以他不得不读我手写的故事。A. follower跟随者；B. clue线索；C. robot机器人；D. typewriter打字机。根据后文“my handwritten”可知，作者没有打字机，必须手写。故选D。
【45题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. invitation邀请；B. application应用；C. story故事；D. letter信。根据上文“Beside me lay a one-page short novel I had written”可知，作者投稿的作品是短篇小说故事。故选C。
【46题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后他说：“我太喜欢这篇文章了，我想把它登在下周的杂志上。”A. bill账单；B. edition一期，一辑；C. discussion讨论；D. exhibition展览。根据前文“I couldn’t like it enough”及后文“I jumped with joy”可知，作者的作品被选用了，要登在下周的一期杂志上。故选B。
【47题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是我期待更多。A. imagined想象；B. educated教育；C. expected期待，期望；D. analysed分析。根据下文“I asked him if I could keep writing for him each week.”可知，作者问他是否可以继续每周为他写作，故作者不只是想要投稿一篇小说，还期待更多，故选C。
【48题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他想了一会儿，然后同意了。A. admitted承认；B. shook摇头；C. refused拒绝；D. agreed同意。根据下文“He even said he would pay me five dollars for each new thing I ____9____.”可知，他同意作者的请求，甚至答应付费给作者，故选D。
【49题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他甚至说，我每写一篇新文章，他会付给我5美元。A. wrote写；B. sent发送；C. typed打印；D. coped复印。根据上文“Beside me lay a one-page short novel I had written”和语境可知，作者写故事投稿，故此处作者每写一篇故事，他会付5美元，故选A。
【50题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我高兴极了，一出门就在人行道上蹦蹦跳跳。A. careful小心的；B. cheerful快乐的，高兴的；C. reliable可靠的；D. grateful感激的。根据语境及“I skipped and danced on the sidewalk”可知，出版商同意征用作者的文章，作者应是很高兴，故选B。
【51题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我完全不知道那一刻会改变我的一生。A. remind提醒；B. share分享；C. change改变；D. attain达到，获得。根据下文“That was almost 40 years ago. Now, I have my own studio and lead a better life.(那几乎是40年前的事了。现在，我有了自己的工作室，过上了更好的生活)”可知，作者投稿成功这件事改变了他的一生，故选C。
【52题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我每周都会继续为我的出版商——我的朋友——写一些新东西。A. continue继续；B. recall回忆；C. hesitate犹豫；D. regret后悔。根据前文“I asked him if I could keep writing for him each week.”可知，作者继续为报社写作。故选A。
【53题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我写作时，我也成长了。A. approve赞成；B. stretch伸展，延伸；C. bend弯曲；D. grow成长。根据后文“I’ve become a determined and patient person.”可知，作者通过写作，得到成长。故选D。
【54题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：每次我学到了新东西，我都会按照惯例把它写下来，让我的朋友发表。A. rarely罕见地；B. routinely常规地，惯常地；C. frequently经常；D. previously以前。根据前文“I ____12____ to write something new for my publisher — my friend each week.”以及“Each time I learn something new”可知，作者已经养成写作的习惯。故选B。
【55题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：没有我的朋友，我永远不会成为今天的作家。A. author作家；B. celebrity名人；C. secretary秘书；D. publisher出版商。根据上文“write it to get my friend to publish it”并结合前文内容可知，作者写故事发表，是个作家，故选A。
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The invention of rubber surgical gloves is celebrating its 135th anniversary in 2024!
Believe it or not, this little tool ____56____ (see) in every doctor’s office and hospital was invented out of love. In 1889, Dr. William Halsted fell in love ____57____ the nurse and eventual wife, Carolyn Hampton. Indeed, this invention should be named “Rubber Gloves of Love”.
Hospital procedures require surgical personnel (全体人员) ____58____ (wash) and disinfect their hands before interacting with patients. Carolyn developed severe dermatitis (皮炎) due to the use of mercuric chloride (氯化汞) for disinfection. She was almost about to resign, ____59____ Halsted wanted to keep her near him. To protect her ____60____ (hand), he thought hard and suddenly, something occurred to him. He ____61____ (contact) the Goodyear Rubber Company, asking the engineers there to fashion thin rubber gloves for Carolyn.
Original rubber gloves were very different from ____62____ we have today, but they proved to be ____63____ excellent addition to the operating room. The gloves were actually well received. Many other personnel began wearing the gloves. It’s ____64____ (general) known that now they have many uses, far beyond their original purpose. For example, hairdressers use ____65____ (they) to prevent getting poisoned by dyes and solutions used in their business.
【答案】56. seen
57. with 58. to wash
59. but 60. hands
61. contacted
62. what 63. an
64. generally
65. them
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了橡胶手套这个发明背后是一个关于丈夫对妻子的爱的故事。
【56题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：信不信由你，这个在每个医生的办公室和医院里都能看到的小工具是出于爱而发明的。分析句子可知，此处要用非谓语动词，主语this little tool与动词see是逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词作后置定语。故填seen。
【57题详解】
考查介词。句意：1889年，威廉·霍尔斯特德医生爱上了护士卡罗琳·汉普顿，她后来成为了他的妻子。fall in love with“爱上”。故填with。
【58题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：医院程序要求外科人员在与病人接触之前要洗手消毒。require sb. to do sth.“要求某人做某事”设空处填不定式作宾语补足语。故填to wash。
【59题详解】
考查连词。句意：她几乎就要辞职了，但霍尔斯特德想把她留在他身边。根据句意可知，前后文为转折关系，应用连词but连接。故填but。
【60题详解】
考查名词复数。句意：为了保护她的手，他苦苦思索，突然，他想到了一件事。hand为可数名词，根据句意和上下文可知此处指保护她的双手，应填名词复数形式。故填hands。
【61题详解】
考查一般过去时。句意：他联系了固特异橡胶公司，请那里的工程师为卡洛琳制作薄橡胶手套。通读全文可知，故事发生在过去，应用一般过去时。故填contacted。
【62题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：最初的橡胶手套与我们今天使用的非常不同，但它们被证明是手术室的一个很好的补充。空处引导宾语从句，引导词在从句中作宾语，指物，应用连接代词what引导。故填what。
【63题详解】
考查冠词。句意：同上。addition“增加物；添加物”为可数名词，根据句意和语境可知此处表示泛指，应用不定冠词，且后面的excellent以元音音素开头，应用an。故填an。
【64题详解】
考查副词。句意：众所周知，现在它们有很多用途，远远超出了它们的初衷。It’s generally known that… 为固定句型，表示“众所周知……”，副词generally修饰known作状语。故填generally。
【65题详解】
考查代词宾格。句意：例如，理发师使用它们来防止自己在工作中因接触染料和溶液而中毒。动词use后面应用人称代词宾格them。故填them。
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节 应用文写作（满分15分）
66. 假定你是李华，你的笔友Jim写信向你求助。他对手机游戏太过痴迷以至于每天无法专心上课，学习成绩急剧下降。家人和老师对此表示不满。他写信向你求助如何戒断手机游戏。请你回信给他，内容包括：
1. 表示关心；
2. 提出建议及理由；
3. 表达你的祝愿。
注意：
1.写作字数应为80左右；
2.按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Jim,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim,
Knowing that you have got so addicted to mobile games that it has affected your academic performance badly, I am concerned about you a lot.
As is the fact, the use of the cellphone has boomed in the last decade and mobile games have occupied most of our spare time. However, it is not supposed to be the core of life. To get rid of it, I strongly recommend that you develop a healthy habit to divert your attention from the mobile games. Travelling, for example, is a nice option in which you can enjoy the beauty of nature as well as improve the relationship with your family.
I do hope my suggestions are of some help and that you can spend your time more meaningfully.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给对手机游戏太过痴迷的笔友Jim写信，告诉他如何戒断手机游戏。
详解】1.词汇积累
对……上瘾：get addicted to → abandon oneself to
担心；担忧：be concerned about → be worried about
占据：occupy → take up
欣赏：enjoy → appreciate
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：However, it is not supposed to be the core of life.
拓展句：However, I don’t think it is supposed to be the core of life.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Knowing that you have got so addicted to mobile games that it has affected your academic performance badly, I am concerned about you a lot.(使用了现在分词短语作状语，that引导宾语从句和so...that引导的结果状语从句)
【高分句型2】Travelling, for example, is a nice option in which you can enjoy the beauty of nature as well as improve the relationship with your family. (使用了动名词短语作主语和“介词+关系代词”引导的限制性定语从句)
第二节 读后续写（满分25分）
67. 阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Lungs nearly burst. I struggled to lift my head out of the water. Inch by inch, my tired body reached the end of the pool.
Earlier that month, I had handed in my first job application at a local pool. Overqualified, I was hired on the spot. However, the tasks were boring: helping confused visitors and measuring the height of children before they went down the slide (滑梯). I was capable of more. One day the manager suggested “This looks really easy for you. Why aren’t you applying to become a lifeguard ”
“Well, lifeguarding demands more responsibility, strength and respect. Thus the position pays $ 2 more per hour. Your swimming skills are strong enough. All you need to do is to complete a certification class.”
Thanks to him, his words inspired me — You never know what you are capable of until you force yourself to do it.
Soon I passed the swim test. All left was to practice and learn first aid, CPR (心肺复苏), and procedures for different land-based and water-based emergencies.
My new work as a lifeguard started soon. A well-intentioned yet anxious feeling in me soon passed. Days, weeks, and months went by without incident; emergencies were rare. The skills and training I had so carefully studied and acquired seemed unnecessary and useless.
Today appeared to be another uneventful and peaceful day. However, shortly after the other lifeguards signaled to the children to leave and exit the pool, I noticed one boy was still in the middle while the others had climbed up.
注意：
1. 所续写短文的词数应为150词左右；
2. 续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好。
Paragraph 1:
“Something must have gone wrong with him,” I thought to myself.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
Having the boy on the floor, I put my ear to his mouth and my fingers at his neck.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Paragraph 1:
“Something must have gone wrong with him,” I thought to myself. Sure enough, with a closer look, I found the boy waving his hands desperately. I quickly dived into the water, swimming towards the boy at full speed. By the time I reached him, he had sunk to the bottom of the pool, which filled my heart with fright and concern. I picked the boy up and headed to the poolside, keeping his head above the water.
Paragraph 2:
Having the boy on the floor, I put my ear to his mouth and my fingers at his neck. I could tell that he had no heartbeat and wasn’t breathing. Every second counted! Without hesitation, I did first aid, performing CPR as trained. Other guards watching anxiously, I carried on, sweating. Suddenly, a stream of water burst out of his mouth and the boy coughed intensely. Seeing the boy regain consciousness, those around broke into cheers. Exhausted, I sighed with relief. I thought had I accepted that easy position, I would have been nothing but a bystander. I’m happy I didn’t take the easy way out.
【解析】
【导语】本文以时间物为线索展开。“我”原本在一家游泳馆做着简单而枯燥的工作，在经理的建议下，“我”学习必要的技能并通过了游泳测试，成为了一名救生员，一天“我”发现一个男孩在泳池中溺水，在“我”的迅速施救和有效急救下，男孩得救了，这让“我”非常有成就感。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“‘他一定是出了什么问题。’我心想。”可知，第一段可描写作者发现男孩溺水并跳入水中施救。
②由第二段首句内容“男孩躺在地板上，我把耳朵贴在他嘴边，把手指放在他的脖子上。”可知，第二段可描写作者对男孩进行了急救并成功了。
2.续写线索：发现异样——跳水施救——实施急救——成功——疲惫——宽慰
3.词汇激活
行为类
①.实施：perform/carry out
②.继续：carry on/go on/continue
③.恢复：regain/restore
情绪类
①.害怕：fright/horror
②.担忧：concern/worry
【点睛】[高分句型1] By the time I reached him, he had sunk to the bottom of the pool, which filled my heart with fright and concern. (运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句)
[高分句型2] I thought had I accepted that easy position, I would have been nothing but a bystander. (运用了虚拟语气的倒装)
