人教新课标高考英语一轮复习选修6 Unit 4 Global warming

Ⅰ.重点单词识记
1．random /′r nd m/ adj.胡乱的；任意的
2．flood /fl d/ n．洪水；水灾
3．outer /′a t / adj.外部的；外面的
4．electrical /I′lektrIkl/ adj.电的；与电有关的
5．circumstance /′s k mst ns/ n．环境；情况
6．presentation / prezn′teI n/ n．显示；演出
7．disagreement / dIs ′ɡri m nt/ n．分歧；不一致
8．phenomenon /fI′n mIn n/ n．现象
9．data /′deIt / n．资料；数据
10．range /reInd / n．种类；范围
11．glance /ɡlɑ ns/ vi.看一下；扫视；n.一瞥
12．widespread /′waIdspred/ adj.分布广的；普遍的
13．average /′ v rId / adj.平均的
14．advocate /′ dv keIt/ vt.拥护；提倡；主张
15．refresh /rI′fre / vt.使恢复；使振作
16．quantity /′kw nt tI/ n．量；数量→quality n．质量；品质
17．tend /tend/ vi.趋向；易于；照顾；vt.照顾；护理→tendency n．倾向；趋势
18．oppose / ′p z/ vt.反对；反抗；与(某人)较量→opposed adj.反对的；对立的
19．state /steIt/ vt.陈述；说明→statement n．说明
20．steady /′stedI/ adj.平稳的；持续的；稳固的→steadily adv.平稳地；持续地
21．contribution / k ntrI′bju n/ n．贡献→contribute vi.& vt.贡献；投稿；捐款
22．casual /′k j l/ adj.随便的；漫不经心的；偶然的→casually adv.随便地；漫不经心地；偶然地
23．consume /k n′sju m/ vt.消费；消耗；耗尽；吃完→consumer n．消费者→consumption n．消费；消耗量
24．consequence /′k nsIkw ns/ n．结果；后果；影响→consequent adj.作为结果的；随之发生的→consequently adv.因而，所以
25．existence /Iɡ′zIst ns/ n．存在；生存→exist vi.存在
26．commitment /k ′mItm nt/ n．承诺；信奉；交托→commit vi.承诺；保证
27．pollution /p ′lu n/ n．弄脏；污染→pollute vt.弄脏；污染
28．growth /ɡr θ/ n．生长；增长→grow vt.& vi.生长；增长
Ⅱ.重点短语识记
1．come_about发生；造成
2．subscribe_to同意；赞成；订购
3．quantities_of大量的
4．go_up上升；增长；升起
5．result_in导致
6．be_opposed_to反对……
7．even_if即使
8．keep_on继续
9．on_the_whole大体上；基本上
10．on_behalf_of代表……一方；作为……的代言人
11．put_up_with忍受；容忍
12．so_long__as只要
13．and_so_on等等
Ⅲ.经典原句默写与背诵
1．There_is_no_doubt that the earth is becoming warmer and that it is human activity that has caused this global warming rather than a random but natural phenomenon.
毫无疑问，地球正变得更加暖和，并且全球变暖是人为的，而不是随意的自然现象。
2．Even_if_we_start_reducing the amount of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases，the climate is going to keep on warming for decades or centuries.
即使我们开始减少二氧化碳和其他温室气体的含量，在(未来)几十年或几个世纪内，气候仍会持续转暖。
3．It is OK to leave an electrical appliance on so_long_as_you_are_using_it—if_not，turn it off!
只要你在使用电器设备，你便可以把它开着，如果不用就把它关掉！
4．It_takes_a_lot_of_energy_to_make_things from new materials，so，if you can，buy things made from recycled materials.
用新材料来制作物品要花费大量的能源，因此，只要有可能，就买那些用回收材料制成的物品吧。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
1．Some common phenomena(phenomenon) in the world are still not completely understood by human beings.
2．There are quantities(quantity) of goods in that shop for customers to choose from.
3．He had been ill for a long time and consequently(consequence) he was behind in his work.
4．She refused to make a statement(state) to the police in case she incriminated(连累) herself.
5．Her post as a general manager steadied(steady) after three months.
6．Some experts thought that pollution poses a threat to the continued existence(exist) of this species.
7．There’s a lot of disagreement(disagree) among politicians on this issue.
8．They contributed a lot of food and clothing to the refugees(难民) and their contributions(contribute) will certainly help the refugees live through the winter.
1 quantity n.数量；量
in quantity大量
quantities of＋名词＋复数谓语动词 许多……
a quantity of＋复数名词＋复数谓语动词/＋不可数名词＋单数谓语动词 大量……
Quantities of food and tents were sent to Ya’ an from Shandong.
大量的食品和帐篷从山东运到了雅安。
My brother bought a large quantity of books.
我弟弟买了大量的书。
夯实基础
完成句子
(1)It’s a lot cheaper if you buy it in_quantity(大量)．
(2)There are large quantities_of(大量的) rain in this area.
2 tend vi.趋向；易于 be likely to do ；照顾；vt.照顾；护理 care for
tend to do...倾向于做……；往往会……,tend sb.照顾某人,have a tendency to do sth.有做某事的倾向
Janet tends to get very angry if you disagree with her.
你如果不顺着珍妮特，她往往会大发脾气。
The nurse skillfully tended soldiers’ wounds.
护士熟练地护理着那些士兵的伤口。
夯实基础
用tend的适当形式填空
(1)You have a tendency to avoid argument.
(2)During the second world war，Henry Beecher was a doctor tending soldiers on the battlefield.
3 oppose vt.反对；反抗；与 某人 较量 to disagree with
oppose A against/to B 使A与B相对抗
oppose doing sth.反对做某事
be opposed to反对
as opposed to与……相对照；而非
The king couldn’t bear anyone to oppose him.
国王不能忍受任何人反抗他。
The father is opposed to his son’s marriage.
爸爸反对儿子的婚事。
夯实基础
用所给词的适当形式填空
(1)His daughter is very athletic as opposed(oppose) to his son，who is cleverer.
(2)She is very much opposed(oppose) to your going abroad.
(3)He opposed building(build) a new hall.
4 state vt.陈述；说明；n.状态；情况
It is stated that...据称……
as stated above如上所述
in a...state处于……状态
make a statement陈述；发表声明
For the first few months after Daniel died，I was in a state of clinical depression.
丹尼尔去世后的最初几个月里，我一直处于临床抑郁症的状态。
He stated that he knew nothing about the accident.
他表示对那起事故一无所知。
夯实基础
(1)同义句改写
The witness stated that he had not seen the woman before.(用statement改写句子)
The_witness_made_a_statement_that_he_had_not_seen_the_woman_before.
(2)翻译句子
①洪水之后，道路状况很糟糕。
After_the_flood，the_roads_were_in_a_bad_state.
②请你说出你的名字和地址。
Please_state_your_name_and_address.
5 range n．批；组；范围；山脉；v.变动，变化；排列；涉及
beyond/out of one’s range/the range of sb.超出某人的范围
within/in the range of在……范围之内
range from...to...从……到……之间变化
range between...and...在……到……之间变动
A wide range of colors and patterns are available.
各种颜色和样式都有。
She has had a number of different jobs，ranging from chef to swimming instructor.
她做过许多不同的工作，从厨师到游泳教练。
图解助记
夯实基础
用适当的介词(短语)填空
(1)Costs range from 50 to several hundred pounds.
(2)The cat stayed well out_of range of the children.
6 average adj.平均的；普通的 normal ；典型的 typical ；n.平均数；平均水平；v.平均为；计算出……的平均数 be equal to...as an average
an average of...……的平均数
up to the average达到平均水准
above/below average高于/低于平均水平
on the/an average平均地；通常；按平均值
Take the average of those ratios and multiply by a hundred.
算出那些比率的平均值再乘以100。
American shares rose，on average，by 38%.
美国股票价格平均上涨了38%。
夯实基础
完成句子
(1)On_(an/the)average (通常)we would be spending ￡300 per day.
(2)Teachers usually like students，whose school work is above_average (在平均水平以上)．
7 advocate vt.拥护；提倡；主张；n.支持者；拥护者；提倡者
It is advocated that...主张，提倡……
advocate doing...主张做……
an advocate of/for支持……的人
He was a strong advocate of free market policies and the multi party system.
他是自由市场政策和多党派制度的坚决拥护者。
Mr.Williams is a conservative who advocates fewer government controls on business.
威廉斯先生是个保守派，主张政府应减少对商业的控制。
特别提醒
advocate后不跟不定式，跟从句时，从句中用虚拟语气(should)do。
夯实基础
同义句改写
They advocates reducing military spending.(改为it作主语的复合句)
It_is_advocated_that_they_should_reduce_military_spending.
8 circumstance n.环境；情况
in/under no circumstances决不 ＝never
in/under the circumstances在这种情况下；既然这样
in/under any circumstances在任何情况下
if circumstances allow/permit如果情况允许
The strategy was too dangerous in the explosive circumstances of the times.
在当时那种一触即发的形势下，采取那样的策略太危险了。
I wish we could have met under happier circumstances.
我真希望我们是在更愉快的情况下相识的。
夯实基础
完成句子
(1)Under no circumstances should_you_leave_the_house(你应该离开房子)．
(2)You must not mention your colleague in/under_any_circumstances(在任何情况下)．
(3)Iran and Iraq also have the potential to export more，if_circumstances_allow/permit(如果情况允许)．
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．Large quantities of information，as well as some timely help ________ since the organization was built.
A．has offered B．had been offered
C．have been offered D．is offered
答案　C
解析　句中出现了since从句，句子用现在完成时，且quantities of作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式，故答案为C。
2．He ________ to lose his temper if you don’t obey the rule.
A．tends B．intends
C．pretends D．bends
答案　A
解析　tend to do...倾向于做……，往往会……，符合题意。
3．During the discussion，many members were ________ my proposal，which upset me greatly.
A．objecting B．objected to
C．opposing D．opposed to
答案　D
解析　be opposed to反对，固定短语。
4．It was ________ that they would continue to work there until the flood went away.
A．stuck B．spared
C．stated D．sounded
答案　C
解析　句意为：据称他们会继续在那儿工作直到洪水退去。It is stated that...据称……。
5．During the festival the town holds ________ traditional activities including temple fairs(庙会)to bring tourists back to scenes of ancient times.
A．a collection of B．a range of
C．a kind of D．a bunch of
答案　B
解析　考查词组意义的辨析。a range of一系列，此处是表示“举办了一系列的传统活动”。a collection of一群(人)，一批(物品)；a kind of(表示不确切)某种，几分；a bunch of一束，一串，一堆，不合题意。
6．The Chinese government advocates ________ a low carbon lifestyle.
A．living B．to live
C．lives D．live
答案　A
解析　advocate后跟动名词作宾语，不跟不定式。
7．Under no circumstances ________ late for your party.
A．shall I be B．I shall be
C．I am D．am I
答案　A
解析　under no circumstances放在句首，句子要用倒装语序，且根据句意应用将来时态，故答案为A。
8．If you insist on smoking heavily like that，you will have to suffer the________sooner or later.
A．achievements B．causes
C．consequences D．exchanges
答案　C
解析　考查名词辨析。句意为：如果你继续那样吸烟厉害的话，你迟早得承受其后果。consequence后果，结果，影响。achievement成就；cause原因；exchange交换。
9．A hot bath will surely________you when you are very tired.
A．rebuild B．rescue
C．remain D．refresh
答案　D
解析　考查动词辨析。句意为：当你很累的时候，热水澡肯定能让你消除疲劳。refresh使恢复，使振作；rebuild重建；rescue营救；remain保持，仍然是。
Ⅱ.汉译英
结果我在学习上稳步上升。(steady)(2011·安徽·书面表达)
As_a_result，I_have_made_steady_progress_in_my_studies.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
1．The price of oil has gone_up by over 50 percent in less than a year.
2．On_behalf_of all the guests here，I wish to thank you for giving us this warm reception.
3．We want to know how it came_about that humans speak so many different languages.
4．“I will not put_up_with your bad behaviour any longer.” said the girl angrily.
5．I don’t care about the price，so_long_as the car is in good condition.
1 come about发生 happen ；造成
It comes about that...……发生。
How does it come about that...？……是怎样发生的？
come across偶遇；被理解
when it comes to...当谈到……
come up with想出 主意 ；找到 答案
As a result of carelessness，the project collapse came about in the last spring.
去年春天，由于疏忽大意造成了工程的坍塌。
That came about when we went to Glastonbury last year.那是我们去年去格拉斯顿伯里的时候发生的事。
特别提醒
come about相当于happen或occur，均无被动形式。
夯实基础
—What on earth are the police busy with
—They have been looking into how the plane crash ________.
A．came out B．came up
C．came down D．came about
答案　D
解析　come about发生，符合句意。
2 subscribe to同意；赞成；订购；捐助
subscribe for sth.认购……
subscriber 杂志等 订购者，订阅者； 手机、电话等 用户；捐助者，资助者
Are you going to subscribe to the opera this season
你要订购这一季的歌剧票吗？
The subscriber you dialed is powered off.
您拨打的用户已关机。
夯实基础
完成句子
(1)He himself does_not_subscribe_to_such_ideas(不赞同这样的观点)．
(2)He subscribes 10,000 yuan to(捐献10 000元) the charity every year.
(3)I have_subscribed_to(已订阅) English Weekly for five years.
3 on the whole大体上；基本上
as a whole总体上；整体看来
the whole of整个……
On the whole，I am in favor of the idea.
大体来说，我赞成这个想法。
On the whole，life was much quieter after John left.
总的来说，自从约翰离开以后，生活变得平静多了。
夯实基础
完成句子
(1)The department as_a_whole(整体来看) has performed well this year.
(2)On_the_whole(基本上)，he got what he wanted.
4 on behalf of ＝on one’s behalf 代表……一方；作为……的代言人
I’m calling on behalf of Mr.Black.
我是代布莱克先生打电话来的。
I apologize to you on behalf of the hotel.
我谨代表旅馆向你们道歉。
夯实基础
Don’t make a conclusion so quickly.You’d better hear me ________.I am not speaking for myself，but ________ behalf of all my colleagues.
A．out；in B．out；on
C．through；on D．over；for
答案　B
解析　hear sb.out听某人说完；on behalf of代表。
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．It’s already 10 o’clock.I wonder how it ________ that she was two hours late on such a short trip.
A．came over B．came out
C．came about D．came up
答案　C
解析　How it came about that...……是怎样发生的，固定用法。
2．I don’t ________ his idea that we will go for a picnic on Sunday.
A．subscribe to B．lead to
C．refer to D．tend to
答案　A
解析　句意为：我不同意他的主意，即星期天我们去野餐。subscribe to同意，符合句意。
3．There are some spelling and grammar mistakes in your graduation paper，but ________ it is satisfactory.
A．above all B．in short
C．on the whole D．on the other hand
答案　C
解析　句意为：你的毕业论文中有一些拼写和语法错误，但总体而言还是令人满意的。on the whole大体上，符合句意。
4．We firmly believe that war never settles anything. It only________violence.
A．runs into B．comes from
C．results in D．begins with
答案　C
解析　考查动词短语。句意为：我们坚信，战争不能解决任何问题，只会造成暴力。result in 导致，造成，符合句意。run into撞上；come from来自；begin with以……开始。
5．The food my parents cook is not so good but I have to________it.
A．pay attention to B．hold on to
C．put up with D．keep up with
答案　C
解析　put up with忍受，容忍，符合句意。pay attention to注意，留意；hold on to紧紧抓住，坚持；keep up with跟上，赶上。
Ⅱ.汉译英
你的未来取决于很多东西，但主要取决于你自己。(depend on)(2012·浙江·书面表达)
Your_future_depends_on_many_things,_but_mostly_on_you.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
1．Statistics show a 20 percent reduction in burglary compared_with_last_year(与去年相比)．
2．He prefers_quantity_to_quality(讲究量不讲究质) when food is concerned.
3．He will come to your birthday party on time even_if_it_rains(即使下雨)．
4．Under no circumstances are_you_to_leave_the_house(你离开房子)．
5．As_far_as_I_can_see(就我所知)，there is only one possible way out.
It is OK to leave an electrical appliance on so long as you are using it—if not，turn it off！只要你在使用电器设备，你便可以把它开着。如果不用就把它关掉！
so long as as long as 只要，引导条件状语从句。
as long as还可译为“长达，和……一样长久”。
as far as远至；就……来说
as well as和……一样好；不但
as soon as一……就……
They believe I can succeed next time as long as I work harder.
他们相信下次只要我更加努力学习我就能成功。(2010·广东·读写任务)
夯实基础
—What are you going to do this afternoon
—I’ll probably go for a walk later on ________ it stays fine.
A．as far as B．so long as
C．even if D．as though
答案　B
解析　答句句意为：或许随后我会去散散步，只要天一直好的话。 so long as和as long as一样，可以引导状语从句，表示“只要”的意思。
用强调句形式改写下列句子
(1)The meeting will not begin until everyone is seated.(强调not...until...)
→It_is_not_until_everyone_is_seated_that the meeting will begin.
(2)Why did he come late for the meeting？(强调why)
→Why_was_it_that he came late for the meeting
(3)How did you find his house？(强调how)
→How_was_it_that you found his house
(4)Where did the 44th World Table Tennis Championship take place？(强调where)
→Where_was_it_that the 44th World Table Tennis Championship took place
(5)Did they clean the classroom yesterday？(强调they)
→Was_it_they_that/who cleaned the classroom yesterday
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．It was his nervousness in the interview ________ probably lost him the job.
A．which B．since C．that D．what
答案　C
解析　考查强调句型。被强调成分为his nervousness in the interview。句意为：很可能是面试时表现出的紧张使他失去了这份工作。
2．Many people now make ________ a rule to buy cards for their friends before Christmas.
A．themselves B．it
C．that D．this
答案　B
解析　make it a rule to do...把做……当成惯例，it是形式宾语，代替动词不定式to buy cards for their friends before Christmas。
3．John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work________， he gladly accepted it.
A．finished B．finishing
C．having finished D．was finished
答案　A
解析　考查with复合结构。 由语境和常识可知，愉快的接受邀请是因为工作已经做完，所以用过去分词表示被动和完成。
4．Researchers are now conducting hibernation experiments and can use chemicals to put living cells into sleep like state________they don’t age.
A．for which B．that
C．where D．which
答案　C
解析　考查定语从句的关系词。此处表示“在这种状态下，这些细胞不会衰老。”先行词state在这里表示状态，属于抽象的地点，所以用where相当于in which。
Ⅱ.汉译英
生活中我们可能遇到许多失败，但只要我们尽了力，就没有必要为失败而后悔。(as long as)(2013·湖南·书面表达)
In_our_life_we_may_meet_many_failures，as_long_as_we_try_our_best，there’s_no_need_
to_feel_regret_for_these_failures.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
1．________everyone here，I wish you a pleasant journey back to your country.(2013·辽宁，25)
A．By means of B．On behalf of
C．In search of D．For fear of
答案　B
解析　考查短语辨析。句意为：我谨代表大家祝愿你归国旅途愉快。by means of用，凭借；on behalf of代表；in search of寻找；for fear of 唯恐。由句意知选B项。
2．You can borrow my car________you promise not to drive too fast. (2012·江西，31)
A．unless B．even if
C．in case D．as long as
答案　D
解析　句意为：你可以借用我的车子只要你承诺不开太快。unless除非，如果不……；even if即使；in case万一，以防；as long as只要。显然D项符合句意。
3．—Look at those clouds!
—Don’t worry.________ it rains，we’ll still have a great time. (2012·北京，21)
A．Even if B．As though
C．In case D．If only
答案　A
解析　even if即使，引导让步状语从句；as though好像，引导方式状语从句；in case以防，万一，引导条件状语从句；if only要是……就好了，引导虚拟条件句。由题干中的关键信息“Don’t worry.”和“...we’ll still have a great time.”可知此处填Even if(即使)。句意为：——看那些乌云！——别担心。即使下雨，我们仍然会玩得很开心。
4．One’s life has value________one brings value to the life of others.(2012·江苏，30)
A．so that B．no matter how
C．as long as D．except that
答案　C
解析　句意为：只要一个人给别人的生活带来价值，那么他的生命就有价值。根据句意，应选C项。as long as只要，用于引导条件状语从句；so that以便，因此，用于引导目的或结果状语从句；no matter how不管怎样，用于引导让步状语从句；except that除……之外，表示排除。
5．The old engineer’s eyes still shone bright in the wrinkled brown face and his step as he came across the room was ________，though slow. (2011·湖北，23)
A．shaky B．heavy
C．casual D．steady
答案　D
解析　句意为：那位老工程师的眼睛在他那棕色的布满皱纹的脸上依然闪烁着光芒，他那穿过房间的脚步虽然缓慢但依然很平稳。shaky摇晃的；heavy重的；casual随便的；steady平稳的，稳定的。根据句意可知应选D项。
6．—I hear you________in a pub.What’s it like
—Well，it’s very hard work and I’m always tired，but I don’t mind.(2011·江苏，21)
A．are working B．will work
C．were working D．will be working
答案　A
解析　句意为：——我听说你在一家酒吧上班。怎么样？——噢，工作很辛苦，我总是感觉累，不过我不在乎。由谈话时的语境可推测出隐含的时间为now，由此可推断出空格处应用现在进行时表示现阶段正在发生的动作，并不是说话时正在发生的动作。其他选项的时态与语境不符。
7．I can ________ the house being untidy，but I hate it if it’s not clean.(2011·新课标全国Ⅰ，26)
A．come up with B．put up with
C．turn to D．stick to
答案　B
解析　句意为：我能忍受这套房子凌乱，但不喜欢它不干净。come up with找到(答案)，想出(主意)；put up with容忍，忍受；turn to转向，翻页，求助于；stick to坚持。由句意知B项符合。
8．Giving up my job to go back to full time education was a big ________，but now I know it was the best decision I ever made. (2011·湖北，22)
A．project B．commitment
C．competition D．ambition
答案　B
解析　句意为：放弃我的工作并重新接受全日制教育是一个重大的决定，但现在我知道这是我做过的最好决定。project项目；commitment承诺，投入，花费；competition比赛；ambition志向。根据句意可知应选B项。
9．This restaurant has become popular for its wide________of foods that suit all tastes and pockets. (2010·湖北，21)
A．division B．area
C．range D．circle
答案　C
解析　句意为：这家餐馆因其各种各样适合所有人口味及腰包的食品而深受大家的喜爱。division分离，部门，分歧；area领域，地区；range批，组，类，范围，a wide range of sth.各种各样的……；circle圆形，圈子。根据句意及词义可知，range符合语境。