人教新课标高考英语一轮复习选修7 Unit 4 Sharing

Ⅰ.重点单词识记
1．fortnight /′f tnaIt/ n．两星期
2．weekly /′wi klI/ adj.& adv.每周(的)
3．catalogue /′k t l ɡ/ n．目录
4．purchase /′p t s/ vt.& n．买；购买
5．anniversary / nI′v s ri/ n．周年纪念(日)
6．arrangement / ′reInd m nt/ n．安排；排列
7．political /p ′lItIkl/ adj.政治的；政党的
8．concept /′k nsept/ n．观念；概念
9．otherwise /′ waIz/ conj.否则；不然；adv.用别的方法；其他方面
10．privilege /′prIv lId / n．特权；特别优待
11．relevant /′rel v nt/ adj.有关的；切题的→relevance n．中肯；切题
12．remote /rI′m ut/ adj.遥远的；偏僻的→remotely adv.遥远地；偏僻地
13．adjust / ′d st/ vt.& vi.调整；(使)适合→adjustable adj.可调整的；可调节的→adjustment n．调整
14．participate /pɑ ′tIsIpeIt/ vi.参与；参加→participation n．参加；参与
15．donate /d ′neIt/ vt.捐赠；赠送→donation n．捐赠；赠送
16．voluntary /′v l ntrI/ adj.自愿的；志愿的；无偿的→volunteer n．自愿者；志愿者
17．distribute /dI′strIbju t/ vt.分配；分发→distribution n．分配；分发；分布状态
18．security /sI′kj r tI/ n．安全；保护；保障→secure adj.安全的
19．operate /′ p reIt/ vt.操作；vi.工作；运转 →operation n．操作；运转→operator n．电话接线员；操作员
Ⅱ.重点短语识记
1．hear_from接到……的信
2．(be)_dying_to极想；渴望
3．be_relevant_to与……有关
4．dry_out(使浸水等之物)完全变干；干透
5．dry_up(指河流、井等)干涸
6．in_need在困难中；在危急中
7．the_other_day不久前的一天
8．participate_in参加
Ⅲ.经典原句默写与背诵
1．Sometimes I wonder how relevant chemistry is to these students，most_of_whom_will_
be_going_back_to_their_villages after Year 8 anyway.
有时我在想化学和这些学生有何关联，反正8年级之后他们中的大多数会回到他们的村子里(生活)。
2．But last weekend another teacher，Jenny，and I did_visit_a_village which is the home of one of the boys，Tombe.
但是上个周末，我和另一个老师珍妮，确实拜访了一个村庄，其中一个男孩汤贝的家就在那里。
3．We walked for two and a half hours to get there－first up a mountain to a ridge from_where_
we_had_fantastic_views and then down a steep path to the valley below.
我们走了两个半小时才到了那儿。先爬到了一座山的山顶，从那儿我们欣赏到了优美的风景，然后又沿着陡峭的山坡到了下面的山谷。
4．Tombe’s father，Mukap，led us to his house，a low bamboo hut with_grass_sticking_out_
of_the_roof—this shows it is a man’s house.
汤贝的父亲，缪卡领我们到了他的房子，一个低矮的小竹屋，草伸出屋顶，这表明是男人住的房子。
5．The gift you give is not_something_your_loved_one_keeps_but a voluntary contribution towards the lives of people who really need it.
你送的礼物不是给你所爱的人留念的，而是给那些确有生活需要的人的一项志愿性捐助。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
1．The doctor said he was a volunteer and had operated on the patient.He was willing to participate in the voluntary activity.(volunteer)
2．We donate_to the school fund every year.The donation is given to those who do best in exams.(donate)
3．You can adjust the desks and chairs to the height of the students.The adjustment is not difficult to make.(adjust)
4．Some of the magic tricks call for audience’s participation(participate)．
5．The distribution(distribute) of the rescuing goods is under discussion.
6．What you say has no relevance(relevant) to the subject.
7．We are privileged(privilege) to welcome you as our speaker this evening.
8．The new couple spent some money on the purchase(purchase) of the furniture necessary for their new house.
1 relevant adj.重要的；有关的；相关的；切题的
be relevant to和……有关
have no relevance to与……有/无关
irrelevant adj.不相关的，无关紧要的
His nationality isn’t relevant to whether he is a good lawyer.
他的国籍跟他是不是一个好律师不相关。
思考　表示“和……有关”的短语还有：be related to，be concerned with，be involved in，be associated with等。
夯实基础
根据提示结合语境填空
(1)What you said has no relevance(relevant) to the subject.
(2)Don’t care about the irrelevant(无关的) remarks.
2 adjust v.调整，调节 change to make more suitable ；适应，习惯 adapt
adjust sth.to sth.调整……以适应……
adjust oneself to... 使自己 适应于……
adjust to doing...适应做……
make an adjustment to sth.对……作出调整
To attract investors，Panama has adjusted its tax and labor laws.
为吸引投资者，巴拿马调整了税法和劳动法。
We have been preparing our fighters to adjust themselves to civil society.
我们一直在培训我们的战士，以使他们适应普通的社会生活。
夯实基础
用所给词的适当形式填空
(1)She found it hard to adjust to working(work) at night.
(2)He will have to make major adjustments(adjust) to his thinking if he is to survive in office.
(3)She soon adjusted herself(she) to his way of life.
3 participate vi.参加，参与 take part
participate with sb.in sth.同某人参与某事
participate in参加……
participant n.参加者；参与者
participation n.参加；参与
I am going to participate in an English speech contest for senior high school students to be held in July this summer.
今年夏天我要参加7月份举行的高中生英语演讲比赛。(2011·山东·写作)
夯实基础
(1)同义句改写
She actively participated in local politics.(用part改写句子)
She_took_an_active_part_in_local_politics.
(2)翻译句子
他们希望他参加典礼。
They_expected_him_to_participate_in_the_ceremony.
4 privilege n．特殊利益；特权；荣幸；光荣；v.给予特权
a privilege of doing sth./to do sth.做某事是荣幸
It is a privilege to do sth.做某事是项荣幸
have the privilege to do sth./of doing sth.有做某事的特权
be/feel privileged to do sth.做某事是荣幸的
Having been born to privilege in old Hollywood，she was carrying on a family tradition by acting.
她出身于过去好莱坞的名门，继承了当演员的家族传统。
夯实基础
(1)同义句改写
We are privileged to have a distinguished guest with us tonight.(用it作形式主语改写句子)
It_is_a_privilege_for_us_to_have_a_distinguished_guest_tonight.
(2)翻译句子
认识这样的人肯定很荣幸。
It_must_be_a_privilege_to_know_such_a_man.
5 donate vt.捐赠，赠送；捐献 器官 give；present
donate sth.to...把某物捐献给……
collect donation for...为……募捐
make/give/present a donation to捐赠
He frequently donates large sums to charity.
他常常向慈善机构捐赠大笔钱款。
The silver trophy was donated by a Leicester businessman.
银制奖杯是由一个莱斯特的商人捐赠的。
夯实基础
用donate的适当形式填空
(1)We are collecting donations for the relief fund.
(2)All donated blood is tested for HIV and other infections.
6 voluntary adj.自愿的；志愿的；无偿的
on a voluntary basis在自愿的基础上
do voluntary work参加志愿工作
volunteer for自愿参加
volunteer to do自愿做……
volunteer as志愿当……
The scheme，due to begin next month，will be voluntary.
定于下个月开始实施的方案是自愿性质的。
夯实基础
用适当的介词填空
(1)She works there on a voluntary basis.
(2)Why do you want to volunteer for our organization
7 operate v.经营 work ；动手术；操作 机器 control ； 机器 运转 function
operate on/upon sb.给某人动手术
be in operation在运转；在行动中；在实施中
come/go into operation开始工作 生效
put/bring into operation实施；实行
The department store is well operated.
这家百货公司经营得很好。
Do you know how to operate the heating system
你知道怎么操作这个加热系统吗？
夯实基础
用operate的适当形式填空
(1)Do you think the new machine very easy to_operate
(2)In the good care of the nurses，the boy is gradually recovering from his heart operation.
(3)He dialed the operator and put in a call for Rome.
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．The secretary should have all the ________ documents ready before the meeting begins.
A．concerning B．respecting
C．relevant D．regarding
答案　C
解析　句意为：秘书应该在会议开始之前就把与会议有关的所有文件准备好。relevant有关的，符合题意。
2．When a child is studying abroad，he must learn to ________ living on his own.
A．adjust to B．return to
C．look forward to D．lead to
答案　A
解析　adjust to适应，符合句意。
3．Ladies and gentlemen，I have the great privilege ________ introducing our speaker for tonight.
A．in B．of C．about D．on
答案　B
解析　have the privilege of doing...很荣幸地做某事。
4．—Has she really ________ one of her kidneys to the advanced teacher
—That’s true.
A．owed B．given
C．subscribed D．donated
答案　D
解析　句意为：——她真的捐献了一个肾给那位优秀教师吗？——是的。donate捐献，符合句意。
5．Some blood types are quite common，others are regionally ________，and still others are rare everywhere.
A．distributed B．contributed
C．obtained D．convinced
答案　A
解析　句意为：有些血型很普遍，有些血型呈现地区分布的特点……distribute分配，分布，符合句意。
6．The doctor said that the patient had ________ at once，which made us all worried.
A．to operate B．to be operated
C．operated D．to be operated on
答案　D
解析　sb.be operated on某人被动手术，on不能省去。
Ⅱ.汉译英
1．我们必须严格自愿地遵守交通规则。(voluntary)(2013·安徽·书面表达)
We_should_strictly_and_voluntarily_follow_traffic_rules.
2．幸运的是，许多人和组织捐了大笔钱帮助他们平稳地接受大学教育。(donate)
(2011·湖南·书面表达)
Luckily，many_people_and_organizations_donate_a_lot_of_money_to_help_them_receive_
college_education_smoothly.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
1．The papers were sticking_out of his pocket.
2．Everyone is expected to participate_in the coming discussion.
3．Whether you go or not makes_no_difference to me.
4．The stream dries_up during the hot summer.
5．I came_across an old school friend in Oxford Street this morning.
1 be dying to do sth.极想做某事；渴望做某事
be dying for sth.渴望/想要某物
long for sth.渴望某物
long to do sth.渴望做某事
be thirsty/hungry/eager/anxious for渴望得到……
We’re dying to meet your new boyfriend.
我们非常想见你新交的男朋友。
I’m dying for a cup of coffee.
我真想喝一杯咖啡。
夯实基础
I’m ________ to know what happened.
A．long B．dying
C．like D．die
答案　B
解析　be dying to know...很想知道……。
2 dry out 使浸水等之物 完全变干；干透
dry up 指河流、井等 干涸,
dry off使变干；弄干
If the soil is allowed to dry out the tree could die.
如果任由土壤变干，这棵树可能会枯死。
Rivers and lakes might dry up in some places，and glaciers might melt.
某些地方的河川跟湖泊可能干涸，冰川也可能融化。
夯实基础
All his clothes were wet in the heavy rain，so he couldn’t go out until his clothes ________.
A．dried out B．made out
C．gave out D．picked out
答案　A
解析　……直到衣服干透。dry out(使浸水等之物)干透。
3 in need在困难中；在危急中
in need of需要……
satisfy/meet one’s needs满足某人的需要
needn’t have done...本来没必要做 而做了
There is no need for sb. to do.../for doing sth. 某人 没必要做……
How do you say no to someone in need
你怎么忍心对有困难的人说不呢？
夯实基础
完成句子
(1)There_is_no_need(没有必要) for you to come if you don’t want to.
(2)It should suit you perfectly，and meet_your_needs_(满足你的需求)．
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．I know you are busy，but do you think you could spare us a few hours？We are ________ hear your experiences abroad.
A．managing to B．dying to
C．leading to D．lying to
答案　B
解析　be dying to do sth.渴望做某事。
2．We must save every drop of water in case the lake near the city ________.
A．will dry up B．dries up
C．dries off D．will dry off
答案　B
解析　dry up指河流、湖泊等干涸；且在in case从句中常用一般现在时代替将来时。
3．The charity aims to provide assistance to people ________.
A．in demand B．in need
C．into trouble D．in need of
答案　B
解析　句意为：这家慈善机构的目的是为了向需要帮助的人提供帮助。in need在困难中，符合句意。in demand需求大；in need of需要……，后跟宾语。
Ⅱ.汉译英
整座房子需要装饰。(in need of)
The_whole_house_is_in_need_of_decorating.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
1．Do_finish(一定要完成) your homework on time.
2．What_if(倘若……怎么办) he gets angry
3．Not_he_but_you(不是他而是你) are wanted on the telephone.
4．China is the birthplace of kites，from_where(从那里) kiteflying spread to Japan.
5．What surprised me was not what he said but the_way_he_said_it(他说话的方式)．
1 We walked for two and a half hours to get there—first up a mountain to a ridge from where we had fantastic views and then down a steep path to the valley below.我们走了两个半小时才到了那儿。先爬到了一座山的山顶，从那儿我们欣赏到了优美的风景，然后又沿着陡峭的山坡到了下面的山谷。
from where...引导定语从句，修饰a ridge。where一般用作关系副词，其前不加介词；但where有时也可作关系代词，其前可加介词from。
Alice stood at the window，from where she could watch her classmates playing football.
Alice站在窗户旁边，从那里她可以观看同学们踢足球。
夯实基础
After supper，he usually stood near the window，________ he could see the tower，the tallest building in this city.
A．from which B．on which
C．on where D．from where
答案　D
解析　from where＝from near the window。
2 ...what if he didn’t want to see her？……如果他不想见她怎么办？
What if...？“如果……将会怎样；即使……又有什么关系？”为省略结构，相当于What should sb.do if...？或What does it matter if...？或What would happen if...？的。what if用于提出假设时，其后句子可用陈述语气 一般现在时 ，也可用虚拟语气 一般过去时或should＋动词原形 。
What for？为何目的，为何理由？,So what？那又怎么样？
What/How about...？……怎么样？,Guess what？你猜怎么着？
What’s up？相当于What’s the matter？怎么了？
What if she finds out that you have lost her book
如果她发现你弄丢了她的书，怎么办？
What if we fail/failed/should fail
万一我们失败了，怎么办？
夯实基础
________we moved the sofa over there Would that look better
A．What about B．What if
C．What for D．How come
答案　B
解析　句意为：如果我们把沙发挪到那边儿，你觉得怎么样？那样会看起来好点吗？What if...？意为“如果……将会怎样？”，符合句意。What about...？……怎么样？后接名词、代词或动名词，不符合题意。
用定语从句改写下列句子
(1)They talked of things and persons.They remembered those in the school.
→They talked of things and persons that_they_remembered_in_the_school.
(2)This is the very book.I want to borrow the book.
→This is the very book that_I_want_to_borrow.
(3)I agree to every point.He referred to it just now.
→I agree to every point that_he_referred_to_just_now.
(4)I told the story to John.Later he told it to his brother.
→I told the story to John，who_later_told_it_to_his_brother.
(5)His speech went on and on.His speech bored everyone.
→His speech，which_bored_everyone，went on and on.
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．It is often said that the joy of traveling is ________ in arriving at your destination ________ in the journey itself.
A．/；but B．/；or C．not；or D．not；but
答案　D
解析　句意为：据说旅行的乐趣不在于到达目的地，而在于旅行本身。not...but...不是……而是……。
2．The Great Wall is the place________almost all tourists would like to visit when they come to Beijing.
A．why B．which C．when D．where
答案　B
解析　考查定语从句，先行词place 在从句中作谓语动词visit的宾语，所以要用关系代词which。如果不注意分析句子的结构，就会受思维定势的干扰而误选D项。
3．—It’s many years since I saw you last；I________you at all.
—I wouldn’t have, either, if someone________you by the name.
A．didn’t recognize；hadn’t called
B．didn’t recognize；didn’t call
C．haven’t recognized；didn’t call
D．recognized；had called
答案　A
解析　本题考查时态和虚拟语气。句意为：——自从我上次见到你已经有好多年了，我刚才根本没把你认出来。——如果没有人叫你名字，我也认不出你。第一空用一般过去时表示刚才(过去)发生的事实；根据句意知第二空是对过去事实的虚拟，因此主句谓语动词用had＋过去分词形式。
4．—Would you mind if I open the window
—________.In fact，I am going to suggest you________it.
A．Yes；not did B．Not at all；do
C．More or less；did D．Of course；do
答案　B
解析　Would you mind if I do...？表示征询意见或建议。句意为：——你介意我把窗户打开吗？——不介意，事实上我正准备建议你打开窗户呢。另外，答语中含有suggest，其表示建议时，后面宾语从句中的谓语动词应为“(should＋)动词原形”。
5．—Her father is very rich.
—________She wouldn’t accept his help even if it were offered.
A．What for B．So what
C．No doubt. D．No wonder.
答案　B
解析　句意为：——她的父亲很富有。——那又怎样？即使他提供给她帮助，她也会拒绝。What for？为了什么；So what？那又怎样；No doubt.毫无疑问；No wonder.难怪。根据语境选B项。
Ⅱ.汉译英
有许多网址，从那里你能够找到几乎所有必要的信息。(from where)
There_are_many_websites，from_where_you_can_find_almost_all_the_necessary_information.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
1．The parents were shocked by ________ news that their son needed ________ operation on his knee. (2013·重庆，32)
A．a；/ B．the；/ C．the；an D．a；an
答案　C
解析　考查冠词。句中的news指的是that从句的内容，所以此处的news是特指，故要用定冠词the；第二空处意为“需要做一次手术”，为泛指，故要用不定冠词。
2．When I arrived，Bryan took me to see the house________I would be staying.
(2013·新课标全国Ⅱ，4)
A．what B．when
C．where D．which
答案　C
解析　句意为：当我到达的时候，拜伦带我去看了我将要住的房子。此处先行词是the house，故用where引导定语从句。
3．—Mary’s been offered a job in a university，but she doesn’t want to take it.
—________？It’s a very good chance. (2013·天津，4)
A．Guess what B．So what
C．Who cares D．But why
答案　D
解析　考查情景交际。得知玛丽不想接受一所大学为她提供的工作，应该是感到惊讶。But why意为“但是为什么呢”，表示惊讶，符合语境。Guess what意为“你猜怎么着”；So what意为“那又怎样”；Who cares意为“谁在意呢”。
4．Bicycling is good exercise; ________， it does not pollute the air. (2012·湖南，24)
A．nevertheless B．besides
C．otherwise D．therefore
答案　B
解析　句意为：骑自行车是有益的运动，除此之外，它也不污染空气。besides除了……之外(还)，符合句意。
5．The days are gone________physical strength was all you needed to make a living.
(2011·天津，10)
A．when B．that
C．where D．which
答案　A
解析　句意为：体力是你赖以生存的唯一手段的日子一去不复返了。本题考查定语从句。句中days是定语从句的先行词，关系词代替days并在从句中充当时间状语，故用when引导定语从句。此定语从句是分隔式定语从句，从句与先行词因某种特殊的需要被句子其他成分隔开了。