人教新课标高考英语一轮复习选修8 Unit 1 A land of diversity

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名称 人教新课标高考英语一轮复习选修8 Unit 1 A land of diversity
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Ⅰ.重点单词识记
1.hardship /′hɑ d Ip/ n.苦难;困苦
2.luggage /′l ɡId / n.行李
3.hire /′haI / vt.& n.租用;雇用
4.nowhere /′n we / adv.无处;到处都无
5.punishment /′p nI m nt/ n.处罚;惩罚
6.justice /′d stIs/ n.正义;公平
7.thankful /′θ kfl/ adj.感激的;感谢的
8.insert /In′s t/ vt.插入;嵌入
9.elect /I′lekt/ vt.选择;决定做某事;选举某人
10.boom /bu m/ n.(人口、贸易的)繁荣;vi.处于经济迅速发展时期
11.crossing /′kr sI / n.横渡;横越;十字路口;人行横道
12.authority / ′θ rItI/ n.权威;权力;(pl.)当局;官方
13.reform /rI′f m/ vt.& vi.改革;革新;n.改革;改造;改良
14.grasp /ɡrɑ sp/ vt.& n.抓住;抓紧;掌握;领会
15.distinct /dI′stI kt/ adj.清晰的;明显的;明确的→distinction n.差别;区分;卓著
16.means /mi nz/ n.手段;方法→mean vt.意思是;打算;意味着
17.majority /m ′d r tI/ n.大多数;大半→major adj.主要的;重要的;v.主修;n.主修学科→minority n.少数;少数民族
18.percentage /p ′sentId / n.百分比;百分率→percent n.百分之几
19.racial /′reI l/ adj.人种的;种族的→race n.种族;比赛
20.occur / ′k / vi.发生;出现→occurrence n.发生;出现;事件
21.indicate /′IndIkeIt/ vt.指出;表明;标示;暗示→indication n.指示;表明;指示物
22.apparent / ′p r nt/ adj.显而易见的;显然的;表面上的→apparently adv.显然地;显而易见地
Ⅱ.重点短语识记
1.by_means_of...用……办法;借助……
2.make_a_life习惯于新的生活方式、工作等
3.team_up_with...与……合作或一起工作
4.mark_out画线;标出……界线
5.take_in包括;吸收
6.a_great/good_many许多;很多
7.live_on继续存在;继续生存
8.keep_up坚持;维持;沿袭(风俗、传统等)
9.back_to_back背靠背
10.apply_for申请;请示得到
Ⅲ.经典原句默写与背诵
1.Exactly when the first people arrived in what_we_now_know_as_California,no one really knows.
最早的人具体什么时间来到我们现在称作加利福尼亚的地方的,没有人确切地知道。
2.However,it_is_likely_that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago.
然而,土著美国人有可能在至少一万五千年前就在加州生活了。
3.That_is_why today over 40% of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language.
这就是今天有超过40%的加利福尼亚人把西班牙语作为第一或第二语言的原因。
4.People from Africa have_been_living in California since the 1800s,when they moved north from Mexico.
来自非洲的人从十九世纪八十年代以来就生活在加利福尼亚,当时他们是从墨西哥迁居北方的。
5.It_is_believed_that before long the mix of nationalities will be so great that there will be no distinct major racial or cultural groups,but simply a mixture of many races and cultures.
人们相信,过不了多久国籍间相混的程度将如此大以致于这里不再有主要的种族或文化团体的区别,而仅仅是一个多种族和文化的混合体。
                   
1.At the meeting,young people were in the majority(major).
2.The discovery(discover) that her husband was unfaithful to her was a shocking awakening.
3.She will probably be late but she will come eventually(eventual).
4.The nationality(nation) of the minority groups in that country is still at issue.
5.As the wages were low,there were few applicants(apply) for the job.
6.It was apparent(apparently) that he knew nothing about how to repair cars.
7.Faced with such situation,she felt a strange mixture(mix) of excitement and fear.
8.The new contract will mean(means) the start of the whole project.
1 distinction n.差别;区分;卓著
make/draw a distinction between A and B 区别A和B
gain/attain/win distinction出名
of great distinction卓越的;优秀的
distinct adj.不同的;明显的
be distinct from与……不同
There are obvious distinctions between the two wine making areas.
两个酿酒地区之间有着显著的差别。
Lewis emerges as a composer of distinction and sensitivity.
刘易斯作为一位悟性很高的优秀作曲家崭露头角。
夯实基础
用distinction的适当形式填空
(1)The distinction between craft and fine art is more controversial.
(2)This book is divided into two distinct parts.
2 means n.方式;方法 way ;财富;收入 wealth
by means of用……办法;借助……
by all means当然可以
by any means无论如何
by no means绝不,一点也不
—Can I see it
—By all means.
——我可以看看吗?
——当然可以。
特别提醒
(1)means作主语且有every,each,one等词修饰时,谓语动词用单数;有some,several,many,few等词修饰时谓语动词用复数。
(2)by no means放在句首时,句子用部分倒装。
夯实基础
完成句子(用倒装)
By_no_means_is_she an inexperienced teacher.
她绝不是个毫无经验的老师。
3 occur vi.发生 happen ;存在 exist ;出现; 想法 产生 come into one’s mind
sth.occurs to sb.某人突然想起……;某人发生某事
It occurs to sb.that.../to do...某人突然想起……
The crash occurred only minutes after the plane took off.
空难在飞机起飞几分钟后就发生了。
Didn’t it occur to you that he was lying
你当时没想到他在撒谎吗?
思考 表示“某人想起……”的短语还有:sth.strike/hit sb.,sb.hit/strike on sth.,e to sb.等。
夯实基础
一句多译
我想起了一个主意。
(1)An idea occurred_to/struck/hit me.
(2)An idea came_into my mind.
(3)I hit/struck_on an idea.
4 hire v.租用;租借 pay money to borrow ;聘用;录用;雇用 employ;take on ;临时雇用;n.租借;租用;租赁
hire out租出去
on hire from从……处租用
for hire可供出租
The rest of the staff have been hired on short term contracts.
其余的工作人员签的是短期雇用合同。
To hire a car you must produce a passport and a current driving license.
租车须出示护照及有效驾照。
夯实基础
用适当的介、副词填空
(1)The costumes are on hire from the local theatre.
(2)The car will be hired out at a higher price.
5 mark v.做记号;留下痕迹;弄污;n.污点;符号
mark down记下;降低……的价格 分数
mark out画线;标出……的界限
mark...with...用……在某物上作标记
be marked with标有……的标志
Prices are marked on the goods.
价格标在商品上。
Mark the frame with your postcode.
在这一格里写上你的邮政编码。
夯实基础
用mark out,mark down的适当形式填空
(1)When planting seedlings I prefer to mark_out the rows in advance.
(2)I tend to forget things unless I mark them down.
Ⅰ.单项填空
1.Do you know the ________ between the two countries
A.distinction B.indication
C.function D.information
答案 A
解析 句意为:你知道这两个国家之间的区别吗?distinction区别,不同,符合句意。
2.The water may be carried ________ a pipe.
A.by all means B.by means of
C.by no means D.by means
答案 B
3.He was elected the next day ________ Vice President.
A.for B.to
C.as D.on
答案 C
解析 句意为:第二天他被选举为副总统。elect sb.as选举某人为……。
4.A large ________ of the hotel’s income ________ from the visitors to the lake nearby.
A.percentage;are B.percentage;is
C.percent;are D.percent;is
答案 B
解析 percent前面必须有数词,后面通常跟“of+名词”,构成“数词+percent+of+名词”结构;“a percentage of+名词”作主语,谓语动词与名词的数取得一致。
5.Long marks on the street ________ that the driver had attempted to brake.
A.applied B.attained
C.indicated D.distinguished
答案 C
解析 句意为:路上很长的痕迹表明司机试图刹车。indicate表明,符合题意。
6.His health is improving day by day.It is quite ________ that the medicine has a good effect on his disease.
A.strange B.apparent
C.complex D.uncertain
答案 B
解析 句意为:他的健康一天天在改善,很明显药对他的病有很好的效果。apparent明显的,符合句意。
7.He was ________ as a salesman in Samsung Company,but was soon ________ because of his laziness of duty.
A.employed;firing B.employed;fired
C.hired;firing D.hiring;being fired
答案 B
解析 hire雇用;employ雇用;fire解雇。由句意可知,两空处均应用被动语态。故选B项。
8.We must ________ the tennis court ready for the match these days.
A.flow out B.come out
C.mark out D.point out
答案 C
解析 句意为:我们必须标出网球场作为这些天的比赛场地。mark out画线,标出……的界限,符合句意。
9.This tough task is ________ my grasp.
A.beyond B.out
C.in D.beneath
答案 A
解析 句意为:这项艰巨的任务是我力所不能及的。beyond one’s grasp超出某人的能力,某人力所不能及的。
Ⅱ.汉译英
1.此外,惩罚绝不是一个帮助他们在精神上和身体上健康成长的明智选择。(by no means)
(2011·陕西·书面表达)
Furthermore,_punishment_is_by_no_means_a_wise_choice_to_help_them_grow_up_mentally_and_physically.
2.图片中显示,如果这个人愿意寻找其他的可能性,他能找到一个更好的、更有益的方式来实现他的目标。(indicate) (2011·北京·开放作文)
As_indicated_in_the_picture,_if_the_man_is_willing_to_look_for_other_possibilities,_he_can_find_a_better_and_more_rewarding_way_to_achieve_his_goal.
                   
by means of make a life take in mark out a great many
1.It seems that there are a_great_many people out of work in their country.
2.The young couple moved to the nearby city to make_a_life there.
3.Three of his paintings have been marked_out for exhibition.
4.The students found it easy to take_in what their teacher had taught.
5.You should always remember that only by_means_of hard work can you succeed.
1 make a life习惯于新的生活方式、工作等;谋生
come to life变得更有趣;变得活跃
live/lead a...life过着……生活
come back to life苏醒过来,恢复生气
bring...back to life使……苏醒过来
start a new life开始新的生活
We make a living by what we get,but we make a life by what we give.
我们靠所得来谋生,但靠给予来创造生活。
To our surprise,he came to life soon.
令我们惊奇的是,他很快苏醒了。
夯实基础
They went to the West and decided to make_a_life there.他们去了西部地区,决心去那里适应新生活。
2 team up with与……合作或一起工作 join with sb. to do
team up结对;合作
on a team属于……队
Why don’t you team up with Helen for the next part
你为什么不和海伦合作做下一部分呢?
夯实基础
Whether one can ________ others indicates his ability and character.
A.team up with B.catch up with
C.work together D.keep in touch with
答案 A
解析 team up with合作;catch up with赶上;work together一起工作,为不及物动词短语,应加with,再加others;keep in touch with与……保持联系。句意为:一个人是否能与别人合作表明他的能力和性格。由句意可知,选A项。
3 take in吸收 absorb ;欺骗 cheat ;包括在内 include or cover ;收留 allow sb. to stay in ;领会,理解;观看
take off起飞;脱下;迅速流行
take to喜欢;亲近;适应
take...for granted认为……理所当然
take over接管;继承;支配
take apart拆开,拆卸
take on呈现;雇用
take out拿出,取出;除去
The monastery has taken in 26 refugees.
修道院已经收留了26位难民。
Lesley explains possible treatments but you can tell she’s not taking it in.
莱斯利解释了各种可行的疗法,不过,你可以看出来,她并没有领会。
夯实基础
写出下列句子中take in的汉语意思
(1)He certainly took us in with his stories about his experiences in Mexico.欺骗
(2)Gazing up into his eyes,she seemed to take in all he said.领会,理解
(3)He persuaded Jo to take him in.收留
(4)They will certainly need to take in plenty of liquid.吸收
(5)I was wondering if you might want to take in a movie with me this evening.观看
Ⅰ.单项填空
1.In my opinion,it is not so helpful to give someone some bread as it is to teach him how to ________.
A.make sense B.make progress
C.make a life D.make his way
答案 C
解析 make a life谋生,符合句意。
2.We decided to ________ his company to improve our working efficiency.
A.team up with B.put up with
C.come up with D.catch up with
答案 A
解析 句意为:我们决定与他的公司合作来提高工作效率。team up with与……合作,符合句意。
3.Losing ________ blood,the wounded soldier was in danger and the doctors must operate on him at once.
A.a great many B.a great number of
C.quite a little D.a great deal
答案 C
解析 blood为不可数名词,a great deal后需加of;a great many与a great number of修饰可数名词复数。quite a little相当多的,颇多的,修饰不可数名词。故选C项。
Ⅱ.汉译英
1.和你合作很愉快。(team up with)
It’s_very_happy_to_team_up_with_you.
2.我们今年要雇用50名新员工。(take on)
We’re_taking_on_50_new_staff_this_year.
                   
1.Tom was ill.That_was_why(那就是为什么) he came late for the meeting.
2.It_is_supposed_that(据猜测) the tower has been there at least 500 years.
3.By_the_time_you_arrived(你到达时),the lecture had already ended.
4.It_occurred_to_him_that(他突然想起) he had sent out the invitations.
5.We all consider what_you_said(你所说的) to be unbelievable.
1 California is the third largest state in the USA but has the largest population.加利福尼亚是美国第三大州,但有最多的人口。
the third修饰largest,意为“第三大的”。形容词的最高级前面可以被序数词以及by far,much,almost,nearly,not quite等词修饰。
Asia is by far the largest continent in the world.
亚洲是世界上最大的洲。
夯实基础
翻译句子
(1)在所有学生中,杰克的数学几乎是最好的。
Of_all_the_students,Jack_is_almost_the_best_in_maths.
(2)海南岛是中国第二大岛。
Hainan_is_China’s_second_largest_island./Hainan_is_the_second_largest_island_of_China.
2 By the time California elected to become the thirty first federal state of the USA in 1850,it was already a multicultural society.到1850年加利福尼亚成为美国第31个州的时候,它已经是一个有着多种文化的社会了。
by the time引导时间状语从句
1 by the time+一般过去时,主句常用过去完成时。
2 by the time+一般现在时,主句常用现在完成时或将来完成时。
By the time he returned almost a year later,his belongings and neighborhood were destroyed.
等到大概一年之后他回到家乡,他的亲戚和邻居都已经不在了。
By the time he was twelve,he had learned mathematics all by himself.到他12岁时,他已经自学了数学。
夯实基础
—Did you catch the early bus this morning
—No.It had left the stop________I arrived there.
A.as soon as B.as the time
C.by the time D.during the time
答案 C
用合适的引导词填空使下列句子成为名词性从句
(1)Who will attend the meeting hasn’t been decided yet.
(2)I believe whoever takes part in the competition will try his best.
(3)Can you tell me what you would like to order
(4)I think that it is unnecessary for me to speak louder.
(5)His mother is satisfied with what he has done.
Ⅰ.单项填空
1.Tom is the second ________ boy in my class.
A.tall B.taller
C.tallest D.the tallest
答案 C
解析 最高级前用序数词修饰,表示程度。
2.A housing bubble is an economic situation________occurs when house prices rise much too fast.
A.which B.where C.what D.why
答案 A
解析 考查关系代词引导的定语从句。指物的先行词situation在从句中作谓语动词occur的主语,所以用关系代词which。句意为:房地产泡沫是房屋价格增长过快的时候出现的一种经济形势。不注意分析从句的结构,就会受思维定势的干扰而误选B项。
3.By the time Jane gets home,her aunt ________ for London to attend a meeting.
A.will leave B.leaves
C.will have left D.left
答案 C
解析 此题中从句中为by the time+一般现在时,主句中应用将来完成时。
4.It is easy to be thankful for the good things,________a life of rich fulfillment comes to those who are also thankful for the setbacks.
A.that B.which C.while D.when
答案 C
解析 考查连词用法。句意为:对美好的事物感恩很容易,然而,硕果累累的人生属于那 些对挫折也心存感激的人。此处while意为“然而”,表示对比。
Ⅱ.汉译英
黄河是中国第二长河。(序数词+形容词最高级)
The_Yellow_River_is_the_second_longest_river_in_China.
                   
1.This is by far________movie that I have ever seen. (2013·辽宁,33)
A.an inspiring
B.a much inspiring
C.the most inspiring
D.the more inspiring
答案 C
解析 考查形容词比较级。句意为:这是我所看过的电影中最激励人的一部。by far表示“……得多,最”,用来修饰比较级和最高级。根据定语从句“我所看过的”可知,此处应该用形容词的最高级形式。
2.It suddenly occurred to him________he had left his keys in the office. (2012·江西,25)
A.whether B.where
C.which D.that
答案 D
解析 It occurs/occurred to sb. that...某人想到/想起……。it是形式主语,主语从句成分完整,不能用连接代词which引导,whether与where不符合句意。故选D项。
3.Before I began this job, I________a babysitter for two years.
A.have been B.was
C.would be D.had been
答案 D
解析 考查动词时态。句意为:开始这项工作之前,我做了两年的保姆。此处began为一般过去时,在这之前应用过去完成时。
4.By the time Jack returned home from England,his son________from college.(2011·辽宁,34)
A.graduated B.has graduated
C.had been graduating D.had graduated
答案 D
解析 句意为:当杰克从英国回家的时候,他的儿子已经大学毕业了。return所表示的动作发生在过去,graduate所表示的动作发生在他回家之前,是“过去的过去”,所以用过去完成时。
5.Some insects ________ the colour of their surroundings to protect themselves.(2011·陕西,25)
A.take in B.take off
C.take on D.take out
答案 C
解析 句意为:有些昆虫可以变成它们周围环境的颜色来保护自己。take on呈现(某种性质、样子等),符合句意。take in 收留(某人),欺骗,吸收,包括,理解;take off(飞机等)起飞,脱掉(衣服等),(观念、产品等)突然大受欢迎;take out取出,均不符合句意。
6.—Can I come and have a look at your new house
—Yes,________! (2011·浙江,17)
A.with pleasure B.I like it
C.I quite agree D.by all means
答案 D
解析 句意为:——我能来看看你的新房子吗?——可以,________!既然答应了对方的请求,就应表示许可或欢迎之意。with pleasure别客气,不用谢;I like it我喜欢它;I quite agree我非常同意;by all means当然可以,好的。所以D项的意义符合语境。
7.________,I managed to get through the game and the pain was worth it in the end.
(2011·安徽,31)
A.Hopefully B.Normally
C.Thankfully D.Conveniently
答案 C
解析 句意为:令人欣慰的是,我成功地通过了比赛,那些伤痛最终是值得的。根据句意可知我通过了比赛。hopefully有希望地;normally正常地;conveniently方便地,便利地,都与题意不符,只有thankfully(感激地,欣慰地)才能体现出我通过比赛的欣慰,所以选择C项。
8.It was never clear________the man hadn’t reported the accident sooner. (2011·江苏,26)
A.that B.how C.when D.why
答案 D
解析 句意为:那个人为什么没尽快地报道那场事故还没弄清楚。由句意可知只有D项符合题意。
9.It never occurred to me________you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind. (2010·陕西,18)
A.which B.what C.that D.if
答案 C
解析 句意为:我从未想过你会成功地说服他改变主意。that引导了主语从句,前面的it是形式主语,指代这一个主语从句。
10.We only had $100 and that was________to buy a new computer. (2010·辽宁,27)
A.nowhere near enough
B.near enough nowhere
C.enough near nowhere
D.near nowhere enough
答案 A
解析 句意为:我们只有一百美元,远远不够买一台新电脑。nowhere near enough意为“远远不够”,是固定用法,且enough修饰形容词或副词时应后置,故选A项。