人教新课标高考英语一轮复习选修8 Unit 5 Meeting your ancestors

Ⅰ.重点单词识记
1．starvation /stɑ ′veI n/ n．挨饿；饿死
2．regardless /rI′ɡɑ dl s/ adv.不管；不顾
3．somehow /′s mha / adv.以……方式；不知怎么地
4．spit /spIt/ vt.吐出(唾液、食物等)；vi.吐痰
5．delete /dI′li t/ vt.删；删除
6．accelerate / k′sel reIt/ vi.& vt.加速；促进
7．skilful /′skIlfl/ adj.有技巧的；熟练的
8．division /dI′vI n/ n．分割；划分；分配；分界线
9．applaud / ′pl d/ vi.& vt.鼓掌欢迎；赞赏
10．arrest / ′rest/ vt.逮捕；吸引；n.逮捕；拘留
11．alternative / l′t n tIv/ n．可能的选择；adj.供选择的；其他的→alternatively adv.两者选一地
12．accuracy /′ kj r sI/ n．精确；准确→accurate adj.精确的；准确的→accurately adv.准确无误地
13．interrupt / Int ′r pt/ vt.& vi.打断……讲话；打岔；暂时中断或中止→interruption n．中断；打扰
14．assume / ′sju m/ vt.假定；设想→assumption n．假设；假定
15．sharpen /′ ɑ p n/ vt.& vi.(使)锋利；尖锐；清晰→sharp adj.刺耳的；锋利的
16．analysis / ′n l sIs/ n．分析→analyze vt.分析
17．significance /sIɡ′nIfIk ns/ n．意义；意思；重要性；重要意义→significant adj.有重大意义的
18．systematic / sIst ′m tIk/ adj.有系统的；有计划的；有条理的→system n．系统；体系
Ⅱ.重点短语识记
1．regardless_of不管；不顾
2．cut_up切碎
3．look_ahead向前看；为将来打算
4．keep_out...阻止……进入；(使)留在外面
5．show...around领某人参观
6．fed_up_with受够了；饱受；厌烦
7．at_most至多；最多
8．date_back追溯到……
9．be_made_of_由……组成
10．just_then就在那时
11．in_good_condition情况良好
Ⅲ.经典原句默写与背诵
1．That would_have_kept_them_warm，cooked the food and scared wild beasts away as well.
那肯定会给他们取暖、烤熟食物并且吓跑野生动物。
2．If_only_she_had_looked ahead and planned better this year!
她今年要是早有预见，计划得更好些就好了！
3．She had_almost_reached her destination when a delicious smell arrested her progress and she stopped.
快到达目的地的时候，一阵香气扑鼻，她停下来，不往前走了。
4．Abruptly she sat down，only_to_be_scooped_up by her laughing，shouting sister，Luna.
突然间她坐了下去，但又被她那又笑又叫的妹妹卢娜一把搂了起来。
5．He had a large，square face，with strongly pronounced eyebrows and cheekbones.
他的脸盘很大，方形脸，浓眉大眼，颧骨突出。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
1．The way was blocked，so we went by an alternative(alternative) road.
2．As a translator，you should know that accuracy(accurate) is most important in translation.
3．The project was predicated on the assumption(assume) that the economy was expanding.
4．In 2003，the city invested 6 million yuan to preserve(preservation) the character of the old town.
5．This dictionary is specifically(specific) intended for English learners.
6．Can you analyze(analysis) the structure of the sentence for me
7．This new discovery of oil is of great significance(significant) to this area’s economy.
8．We all heaved a sigh of relief(relieve) when we heard that they were safe.
1 identify vt.确认；识别；鉴别
identify sb./sth.as...确认某人……
identify...with...认为……等同于……
be identical to/with和……一模一样
A uniformed driver identified me among the crowd.
一个穿制服的司机在人群中认出了我。
The reporters identified one of the six Americans as an Army Specialist.
记者们认出6名美国人中有一位是陆军技术兵。
夯实基础
用适当的介词填空
(1)She identified the man as her attacker.
(2)He used a fake name nearly identical to/with his own.
2 alternative n.可供选择的事物 a thing that one can choose ；adj.可供替代的 that can be used instead of ；非传统的，另类的
an alternative to...……的替代品
have no alternative but to do sth.别无选择只好做……
There is no alternative...别无选择
New ways to treat headache may provide an alternative to painkillers.
头疼的新疗法可能是止痛药之外的另一种选择。
Do you have an alternative solution to the problem
你有没有别的办法来解决这个问题？
夯实基础
(1)同义句改写
We can not choose but take immediate action to stop pollution.(用there和alternative改写句子)
There_is_no_alternative_for_us_but_to_take_immediate_action_to_stop_pollution.
(2)翻译句子
在这件事上，我们没有选择的余地。
We_have_no_alternative_in_the_matter.
3 applaud v.鼓掌欢迎；赞赏；称赞；赞成
applaud sb.for sth.因某事而赞扬某人
applause n.掌声；喝彩
Every person stood to applaud his unforgettable act of courage.
所有人起立为他不可磨灭的英勇之举鼓掌。
He should be applauded for his courage.
他的勇气值得称道。
夯实基础
用applaud的适当形式填空
(1)They greeted him with thunderous applause.
(2)This last move can only be_applauded.
4 arrest vt.逮捕；吸引；阻止；n.逮捕；拘留
arrest sb.for因……而逮捕某人
arrest one’s attention吸引某人的注意
under arrest被捕；拘留
Police arrested five young men in connection with one of the attacks.
警方逮捕了与其中一次袭击有关的5名青年男子。
Police chased the fleeing terrorists and later made two arrests.
警方追踪逃跑的恐怖分子，后来逮捕了其中两人。
夯实基础
(1)用适当的介词填空
①He’s under arrest for robbing the bank.
②You will be arrested for drunken driving!
(2)翻译句子
他因危险驾驶被警方逮捕。
He_was_arrested_for_dangerous_driving.
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．He was so far away that I ________ him as my former student.
A．identified B．proved
C．supposed D．suggested
答案　A
解析　句意为：他离我那么远以致于我把他看成我以前的学生了。identify...as把……看成……。
2．You have the ________ of working hard and being successful or of not working hard and being unsuccessful.
A．selection B．choice
C．alternative D．option
答案　C
解析　alternative抉择，取舍，指在两者之间做出选择，符合句意。selection挑选，精选；choice一般意义上的选择；option选择权。
3．They were so amazed by the magician’s tricks that they forgot to ________.
A．appeal B．appreciate
C．applaud D．approach
答案　C
解析　句意为：他们对魔术家的表演那么惊讶以致于忘了鼓掌。applaud鼓掌，符合句意。
4．The robber was ________ by the police.
A．arrested B．rested
C．arranged D．announced
答案　A
解析　句意为：强盗被警察逮捕了。arrest逮捕，符合句意。
5．It is generally________that by the first century BC Germanic peoples were living on both sides of the North and Baltic seas.
A．assumed B．suggested
C．imagined D．arranged
答案　A
解析　考查动词辨析。根据句意可知，that后面的内容是现在人们达成的共识，所以用It is generally assumed that...意为“人们普遍认为……”。
6．The next bus will come 20 minutes later.________，let’s go there for a coffee.
A．Somehow B．Anyway
C．Meanwhile D．Therefore
答案　C
解析　句意为：下一趟车20分钟后才到，在此期间，我们去那儿喝杯咖啡吧。meanwhile在此期间；somehow不知怎么地；anyway无论如何；therefore因此。
7．She tried to explain，but the chairman________her in the mid sentence.
A．disturbed B．interrupted
C．broke D．troubled
答案　B
解析　interrupt sb.意为“打断某人”。
8．Can you understand the________of what he said
A．significant B．significance
C．celebration D．welcome
答案　B
解析　句意为：你理解他说的话的重要性吗？significance重要性，符合题意。
Ⅱ.汉译英
1．通过这个故事，我坚信了诚实的重要性，它将有助于建立一个温暖与和谐的社会。(significance) (2012·湖南·书面表达)
From_this_story,_I_am_firmly_convinced_of_the_significance_of_honesty,_which_will_contribute_to_building_a_warm_and_harmonious_society.
2．当你读书时能获得心灵的平静难道不是一件高兴的事吗？(pleasure)(2012·江西·书面表达)
Isn’t_it_a_pleasure_to_have_great_calm_in_mind_while_you_are_reading？
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
1．Police officers lie_in_wait for the gangs who rob their prey at night.
2．She scooped_up Jennie and carried her into the bathroom.
3．We saw a big black bear coming_up to us from the woods.
4．She is determined to do that thing regardless_of all consequences.
5．She was terribly cut_up when she heard the bad news.
1 regardless of不管；不顾
as regards关于；至于
with/in regard to关于
regard...as...把……当作……
regarding prep.关于……
Regardless of what happens my claim is safe and secure.
不管会发生什么，我的主张都是安全的、保险的。
He says what he thinks，regardless of others’ feelings.
他想到什么就说什么，根本不管别人的感受。
夯实基础
用regard的适当形式填空
(1)Davis had very little to say regarding the accident.
(2)As regards economic issues，he agreed with our view.
2 at most至多；最多；不超过 at the most；not more than
at least至少
at best充其量；最好
At most，eight people watched.
最多也就八个观众。
Generally speaking，it will cost a few pence at most.
一般来说，这个东西最多值几便士。
夯实基础
完成句子
(1)Can you at_least(至少) tell me what you’re building
(2)These reports all seem secondhand at_best(充其量)．
3 be fed up with受够了；饱受；厌烦 be bored with
be tired of厌倦……
feed on以……为食
feed...with/on＋食物 用……喂……
feed＋食物＋to...用某物喂养……
People are fed up with all these traffic jams.
人们厌烦这么多的交通堵塞。
Owls feed on mice and other small animals.
猫头鹰以老鼠和其他小动物为食。
图解助记
夯实基础
Children are ________ with their studies because they are expected to do far better than they can.
A．fed up B．given up
C．caught up D．put up
答案　A
解析　由句意“孩子们厌烦学习，因为他们被期望得过高已超过了他们的能力。”可知应选A项。
4 look ahead向前看；为将来打算 to think about what is going to happen in the future
look up to sb.尊敬某人
look down on/upon瞧不起；忽视
look back on回顾
look out当心；小心
The time has come when we should look ahead to the future.
是时候我们来设想一下未来了。
We looked back on the first night we had arrived.
我们回想起到达后的第一个晚上。
夯实基础
选词填空
(1)The children all look_up_to the great baseball player.
(2)Some Hong Kongers used to look_down_on mainlanders as poor cousins.
(3)Do look_out for spelling mistakes in your work.
(4)We must learn the lessons and look_ahead，not backwards.
5 date back追溯到，始于 后接一段时间 该短语无被动语态，作谓语常用一般现在时
date from/back to追溯到；始于 后接表过去的时间
have/make a date with sb.与某人约会
out of date过时的
up to date现代的；最新的
to date到现在为止
fix/set a date确定日期
Belt buckles date back to the bronze age.
腰带扣的起源要追溯到铜器时代。
The model is the newest and most up to date.
这一款是最新的，也是最时尚的。
夯实基础
单句改错
(1)This is a vase dated from Han Dynasty.dated→dating
(2)This is the church which is dated back to 1173.is_dated→dates
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．Nobody has the right to spit in the street ________ their social position or age.
A．in spite of B．though
C．although D．regardless of
答案　D
解析　句意为：不管社会地位或年龄如何，没有人有权当街吐痰。regardless of不管，符合句意。
2．Five people got killed in the accident and seven got lost in the flood，so ________ twelve people lost their lives.
A．at least B．at most
C．at ease D．at war
答案　B
解析　句意为：在事故中5人丧命，7人消失在洪水中，因此最多有12人丧命。at most最多，符合句意。
3．I’m really ________ this weather—why can’t it be sunny for a change
A．fed up to B．fed on
C．fed to D．fed up with
答案　D
解析　考查固定短语：be fed up with厌倦……。
4．You should ________ and keep up a positive attitude to life.
A．look ahead B．look up
C．look back D．look out
答案　A
解析　句意为：你应该向前看，对生活积极乐观。look ahead向前看，符合句意。
5．I anxiously ________ your approval.
A．await B．wait
C．in wait for D．eager for
答案　A
解析　句中缺少谓语动词，排除C、D两项；wait为不及物动词，wait for＝await。故选A项。
6．The traditional friendship between our two peoples ________ ancient times.
A．is dated back to B．dates at
C．dates back to D．is dated from
答案　C
解析　date back to/date from没有被动语态，作谓语动词时，常用一般现在时。
7．The carrot should be________into small pieces if you want to make dumplings.
A．cut down B．cut off C．cut in D．cut up
答案　D
解析　cut up切碎，符合题意。cut down减少(开支)，砍倒；cut off切断，中断；cut in打断，插话，均不符合题意。
8．The disaster took away his family but with a strong will he finally________.
A．picked up B．pulled through
C．got across D．worked out
答案　B
解析　考查短语辨析。句意为：灾难无情地夺走了他的家人，但是，凭着坚强的意志，他最终渡过了难关。pull through渡过难关，符合句意。pick up恢复，派人去接；get across通过，使……被理解；work out锻炼，计算出。
9．—It is reported that the government has lightened the burden on the students.
—Oh, today we are still________from heavy school work，________at preparing us for the entrance examinations.
A．suffering；aim B．suffered；aimed
C．suffered；aiming D．suffering；aiming
答案　D
解析　sb. be suffering from sth.某人正遭受……；aiming at...作伴随状语，意为“打算；目的在于……”。
Ⅱ.汉译英
1．我受够了这个演讲。(be fed up with)
I’m_fed_up_with_the_lecture.
2．我一直很敬重Bill，他既勇敢又有决心。(look up to)
I’ve_always_looked_up_to_Bill_for_his_courage_and_determination.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
1．If_it_hadn’t_been_for_the_snow(如果不是下雪了)，we could have climbed the mountain yesterday.
2．I failed again.If_only(要是……就好了) I had had time to review my lessons.
3．He hurried home only_to_find_the_guests_had_left(结果发现客人们已经走了)．
4．His restlessness suggested that he_wanted_to_leave_immediately(他想立即离开)．
5．With_Jack_waiting_for_me(杰克在等我) at the school gate，I hurried downstairs.
1 We have been excavating layers of ash almost six meters thick，which suggests that they might have kept the fire burning all winter.我们一直在挖掘一层层的积灰，几乎有六米厚，这意味着他们可能整个冬季都在烧火。
have been excavating是现在完成进行时，表示从过去开始一直延续到现在，或将继续延续至将来。
We have been working on this project for over a month now.
到目前为止，我们一直在处理那个项目，已经花了一个多月的时间了。
I have been working in an advertisement company in the last two years.
在过去两年里，我一直在一家广告公司工作。
特别提醒
现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别：
(1)现在完成时强调的是某个刚刚完成的动作或某个动作对现在的影响或产生的结果，也可表示延续性；现在完成进行时则强调动作的延续性，有时表示临时性质。
I have thought it over.
我已经考虑过这件事了。
I have been thinking it over.
我一直在考虑这件事。
(2)现在完成进行时可以表示动作的重复；现在完成时一般不表示重复。
Have you been meeting him recently？(经常约会吗？)
Have you met him recently？(最近见到他吗？)
(3)现在完成进行时有时含有感彩；而现在完成时一般表示平铺直叙，但有时也带有感彩。
What have you been doing？(惊异)
What have you done？(仅是一个问题，让对方回答，也可表示惊异)
夯实基础
翻译句子
(1)这个月电脑销售情况良好。
Computers_have_been_selling_well_this_month.
(2)我一整年都盼着你的礼物。
I_have_been_looking_forward_to_your_gift_for_a_whole_year.
2 If only it could be just like last year！要是能跟去年那样该有多好呀！
1 if only...意为“要是……就好了”。常用来表示强烈的愿望或遗憾，因此主要用于虚拟语气中，用以表达强烈的愿望或非真实条件。表示与现在相反的愿望用过去时；表示与过去相反的愿望用过去完成时；表示与将来相反的愿望用would/could/might＋do。
2 only if...只有……，引导真实条件句。
3 if it were not for.../if it had not been for...要不是……
If only I knew her name.
我要是知道她的名字就好了。
夯实基础
用所给词的适当形式填空
(1)If only she had_lived(live) a little longer!
(2)If it had not been for your help，we would_never_have_found(never find) the station.
(3)If only everyone here were(be) as honest.
3 Abruptly she sat down，only to be scooped up by her laughing，shouting sister，Luna.突然间她坐了下去，却又被她那又笑又叫的妹妹卢娜一把搂了起来。
only to do...“不料……，反而……，结果却……”，是动词不定式作结果状语，表示意料不到的情况，且多为不愉快的结果，有时前面也可不加only；而现在分词作结果状语表示“自然而然的结果”。
He hurried to the airport only to be told that the film star had left.
他匆忙赶到机场，却被告知那位电影明星已经离开了。
I tore the box，only to discover that some of the parts were missing.
我撕开盒子，却发现有些零件不见了。
夯实基础
The driver turned his car sharply to the left to give way to the running bull，only ________ a tree by the road.
A．to knock into B．knocking down
C．to knock at D．knocked over
答案　A
解析　only to do...表示一种“意想不到的结果”，故该句应用不定式。knock into...撞到……上。
用所给词的适当形式填空
(1)I have_been_sitting(sit) here all the afternoon.
(2)She has_been_sweeping(sweep) the street all day.She is too tired.
(3)We have_been_waiting(wait) for you for two hours.We don’t want to wait any longer.
(4)He has_been_collecting(collect) all kinds of stamps since he was ten years old.
(5)He hasn’t_been_teaching(not，teach) here these years.
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．—Did you meet with Liu Xiang
—No.________ I had come here earlier!
A．If only B．If not
C．But for D．For fear
答案　A
解析　答句句意为：没有，要是我早一点来就好了。if only要是……就好了，表示与过去相反的虚拟语气。
2．It ________ for two days，when will it stop？I am eager to go out.
A．has rained B．has been raining
C．rains D．has been rained
答案　B
解析　由语境可知此句应该用现在完成进行时。
3．The girl came ______ to the bus stop，only ______ the bus had gone.
A．running；to find B．to run；to find
C．and ran；found D．running；finding
答案　A
解析　句意为：女孩跑着到了汽车站，结果发现公共汽车已经走了。running to the bus stop是现在分词短语作方式状语。only to find是不定式短语作结果状语，表示意想不到的结果。
4．—Jack works hard.
—So he does.He is often seen________heavily before his teammates have even arrived.
A．to be sweated B．sweated
C．be sweated D．sweating
答案　D
解析　考查分词作主补。此处是see sb.doing“看到
某人正在做……”的被动结构，空格处的内容作主语补足语。动词sweat与其逻辑主语he之间为主谓关系，故用现在分词作主补。
Ⅱ.汉译英
要是我没在湖里游泳就好了！ (if only...) (2010·山东·写作)
If_only_I_hadn’t_swum_in_the_lake!
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
1. The girl has a great interest in sport and ________ badminton classes twice a week over the last three years. (2013·福建，26)
A．took B．is taking
C．takes D．has been taking
答案　D
解析　句意为：这个女孩对运动非常感兴趣，在过去的三年中她每周上两次羽毛球课。由句中的时间状语“over the last three years”可知动作在过去的三年中一直发生，并且有可能将来还持续下去，所以用现在完成进行时。
2．In order to find the missing child，villagers________all they can over the past five hours. (2012·安徽，26)
A．did B．do
C．had done D．have been doing
答案　D
解析　句意为：为了找到丢失的孩子，在过去的5个小时里，村民们做了他们所能做的一切。over the past five hours通常与完成时连用，可排除A、B两项。再结合can为现在时，可知在过去到现在的这段时间里村民们一直在寻找，并有可能继续找下去，因此，符合现在完成进行时的使用条件。故选D项。
3．“Perhaps we need to send for Dr.Smith to see what we can do about it，” Father suggested ________to his neighbor who had come to discuss the problem. (2012·湖北，26)
A．tentatively B．thoughtlessly
C．definitely D．rudely
答案　A
解析　句意为：“看来我们要请史密斯博士来看看我们对此如何处理，”父亲对来讨论此问题的邻居试探性地建议说。A项“试探性地”，符合句意。B项意为“欠考虑地”；C项意为“明确地”；D项意为“粗鲁地”，都与句意不符。
4．George said that he would come to school to see me the next day，but he________.
(2012·北京，25)
A．wouldn’t B．didn’t
C．hasn’t D．hadn’t
答案　B
解析　句意为：乔治说他第二天会来学校看我，但是他没来。前一个分句的谓语动词said为一般过去时，空格处与said并列作后一分句的谓语，故选一般过去时didn’t。
5．After school we went to the reading room to do some reading，only to be told that it________. (2012·安徽，35)
A．was decorated B．had decorated
C．had been decorating D．was being decorated
答案　D
解析　句意为：放学后，我们去阅览室看书，结果被告知阅览室正在装修。阅览室显然是“被装修”，应使用被动语态，故排除B、C两项。根据语境可知，是“正在装修，尚未完成”，故选D项。本题易错选A项。这里涉及一般过去时与过去进行时的区别，前者表示“已完成”，后者为“正在进行或尚未完成”。根据句意，装修是“正在进行，尚未完成”。
6．________ you eat the correct foods ________ be able to keep fit and stay healthy.
(2008·江苏，32)
A．Only if；will you B．Only if；you will
C．Unless；will you D．Unless；you will
答案　A
解析　句意为：只有吃适当的食物，你才能够保持健康。only if位于句首时，主句应用部分倒装形式。