A组 三年模拟精选(2015～2013)(改编)
按括号内要求填空
1.(2015·安徽江南十校联考)The TV Dwelling Narrowness(《蜗居》)is really
fantastic.The show has succeeded in (get across) much to the audience，which has contributed to its success.
解析 句意：电视剧《蜗居》真的很吸引人。它成功地和观众产生共鸣，这促进了它的成功。get across使……被理解。放在介词后的应为动名词。
答案 getting across
2.(2015·辽宁大连双基测试)Considering his health，I advise him to (set
aside) an hour or two each day to work out.
解析 句意：考虑到他的健康，我建议他每天抽出一到两个小时进行锻炼。set aside留出，拨出。
答案 set aside
3.(2015·陕西一联)Mary often does some translation work to earn extra money，
which (accout for) half of her income.
解析 句意：玛丽经常做些翻译工作来赚取外快，这占了她收入的一半。account for是……的原因；解释，说明；(在数量上、比例上)占。
答案 accounts for
4.(2015·河北石家庄二模)“Judging the voice, and not the appearance” makes the
show—The Voice of China (stand out) from the numerous other reality shows in China.
解析 stand out意思“引人注目”。句意：“判断声音而不是外貌”使得《中国好声音》在中国众多真人秀节目中引人注目。
答案 stand out
5.(2015·江西重点中学协作)I don't know why he (break off) in the middle
of a sentence.
解析 broke off 中断，突然停止。句意：我不知道他为什么话只说了一半就停止。
答案 broke off
6.(2015·延边质检)He was about to do his homework when an unusual noise
(arrest) his attention.
解析 句意：他刚要做作业，这时一个不寻常的声音吸引了他的注意力。
答案 arrested
7.(2015·成都一诊)It is bad manners to (拒绝) an invitation without a
reason.
解析 句意：无故拒绝邀请是不礼貌的。turn down拒绝。
答案 turn down
8.(2015·赣州六校期末)Fully (absorb) in preparing for the coming exam，she
no longer has time to enjoy the various activities in her neighborhood.
解析 句意：她完全聚精会神地准备即将到来的考试，所以她没有时间在社区参加各种各样的活动。absorbed聚精会神。
答案 absorbed
9.(2015·赣州六校期末)He was driving home on the highway last night when a
policeman stopped him and (accuse) him of speeding.
解析 句意：昨晚，他在公路上开车回家，这时一个警察让他停下，指控他超速驾驶。accuse of是固定用法，意思是指控。
答案 accused
10.(2015·潍坊模拟)That hero who died in the war was so brave that he never
(give in) to the enemies until death.
解析 句意：在那场战争中牺牲的那个英雄是如此勇敢，至死他都没向敌人屈服。give in屈服。
答案 gave in
11.(2014·河南新乡、许昌、平顶山二次调研)As the train ran faster and faster，the
lights of the city were soon (把……抛在后面).
解析 句意：随着火车速度的加快，城市的灯火很快就被抛在后面。leave behind表示“把……抛在后面；超过”。
答案 left behind
12.(2014·河北百校联盟)At the edge of the grass，there's a sign saying“ (远
离) the grass”.
解析 句意：草地边缘有一块牌子，上面写着“勿践踏草地”。keep off表示“使……不接近，远离……”，符合语意。
答案 Keep off
13.(2014·甘肃河西联考)—Do you remember John who disliked learning at school?
Have any news about him?
—Oh, John, you couldn't imagine he (变成) teacher.
解析 考查系动词。本句中的turn和become都是系动词，表示“变成……”；成为老师有两种表达：turn teacher，或者become a teacher。句意：——你记得那个在学校里不爱学习的John吗？你有他的消息吗？——你无法想象，他成为了一个老师。
答案 turned
14.(2014·陕西咸阳模拟)The gas in my car is (用尽，耗尽).I must find a
gas station to fill it up as soon as possible.
解析 run out表示“用完，耗尽”，没有被动语态也没有进行时。句意：我的汽油就要用完了，我一定要尽快找到一个加油站加满油。
答案 running out
15.(2014·郑州质检)Since Jerry is absent today, let's get someone else to
(继续，take相关短语) the work where it was left off yesterday.
解析 句意：因为Jerry今天没来让我们找个人从昨天他停止的地方做起来继续他的工作。
答案 take up
16.(2013·广州六校模拟)Economic growth in the world remains weak throughout
2013 and it is hoped that it will (好转，pick相关短语) gradually in 2014.
解析 句意：整个2013年世界经济增长还是疲软，人们希望在2014年会逐渐好转。
答案 pick up
17.(2013·韶关模拟)If you want (accomplish) your goals and dreams, you
have to be willing to pay the price.
解析 句意：如果你想实现目标和梦想，你得愿意付出代价。
答案 to accomplish
18.(2013·广东12校联考)Thousands of visitors (attract) to the Xi'an
International Horticultural Exposition the day it opened.
解析 句意：西安国际园艺博览会开幕那天吸引了成千上万的游客。attract表示“吸引”，符合语意。
答案 were attracted
19.(2013·深圳五校高三联考)When the book，Twilight，was first (出版，
bring相关短语)，it was immediately well received by readers.
解析 考查动词短语。句意：《暮光之城》这本书刚一出版，就立即受到读者的热烈欢迎。此处bring out表示“生产；出版”。
答案 brought out
B组 一年创新导向
1.(关注常见动词和名词的搭配)Time－travel TV series (achieve) great
success and attracted many fans back to TV.
解析 句意：穿越剧获得了巨大成功，吸引了许多粉丝回来看电视。achieve great success获得巨大成功，为固定搭配。
答案 achieved
2.(关注常见动词后跟宾语的用法)—My parents don't allow me to join the club.
—Be patient.They cannot be (expect) to accept the new idea quickly.
解析 句意：——我父母不允许我参加那个俱乐部。——耐心一些。别指望他们那么快就同意。expect“预料，盼望”。
答案 expected
3.(关注动词的熟词生义)During the two conferences, the journalists from the whole
country many problems the peasants were greatly concerned about.
解析 句意：在两会期间，来自全国各地的记者们报道了很多农民非常关心的问题。
答案 covered
4.(关注相同动词＋不同副词的短语)Considering his health I advise him to
(set) an hour or two each day to work out.
解析 句意：考虑到他的健康，我建议他每天预留出一两个小时的锻炼时间。set aside“留出，腾出”。
答案 set aside
C组 语境对点演练
Ⅰ.语法填空
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
(2014·哈尔滨师大附中 东北师大附中 辽宁省实验中学二模)On Thursday Mrs.Clarke locked the door and went to the women's club as usual.
When she came home she sensed 1 unusual.Had anyone got in? The back door and the windows were all locked and there was 2 sign of forced entry.Had anything been taken? She went from room to room checking and 3 (find) her spare camera missing.
The following Thursday she went out at her usual time，but she just took a short walk in a park nearby，came home through the back door and settled down to wait and see what 4 (happen).
It was 4 o'clock 5 the front doorbell rang.Mrs.Clarke was making tea at the time.The bell rang again，and then she heard her letter box 6 (push) open.Picking up the kettle of boiling water，she moved quietly towards the door.A piece of 7 appeared through the letter box，and then a hand. 8 wire turned and caught around the knob (旋钮)on the door lock.Mrs.Clarke raised the kettle and poured the hot water 9 the hand.A sharp cry was heard outside as the wire fell to the floor and the hand was 10 (instant) pulled back，which was followed by the sound of running feet.
1.解析 考查代词。依据下文可知，她意识到有点儿不寻常。something表示“某
事”。
答案 something
2.解析 考查限定词。根据本句中的“The back door and the windows were all
locked”可知，没有破门而入的迹象，故填no。
答案 no
3.解析 考查时态。本空所在句中的and连接两个谓语动词，第一个是went，因
此这里用found。
答案 found
4.解析 考查时态。根据上文可知，她从后门进入，待在屋里，想看看将会发生
什么，故应用would happen。
答案 would happen
5.解析 考查固定句式。“it is/was＋时间点＋ when...”是固定句式，表示“某
事在某时发生”。
答案 when
6.解析 考查非谓语动词。此处表示听见某事正在发生，故应用hear sth doing;
letter box与push之间是被动关系，因此用being pushed。
答案 being pushed
7.解析 考查名词。根据下文中的“wire”可知，小偷是用金属丝打开门的。故此
处应填wire。
答案 wire
8.解析 考查冠词。wire在上文已经提到过，因此此处用定冠词The。
答案 The
9.解析 考查介词。她把开水泼到了小偷的手上，pour sth over/ on sth表示
“把……泼到……上”。
答案 over/on
10.解析 考查副词。这里是用副词修饰“pulled back”。
答案 instantly
Ⅱ.语法填空
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
(2015·辽宁省实验中学月考)In recent years，learning Chinese 1 (become) popular among people around the world.Last month，I 2 (receive) an email from my cousin Jack in Canada.He said he was enthusiastic about China，and asked me to find him some books 3 (intend) for Chinese beginners.I was very pleased to do 4 a favor.So I went from one bookstore to 5 ，hoping to find something suitable for him. 6 (final) I selected a set of Chinese textbooks among a variety of similar ones.Then I went to a post office to have them 7 (deliver) by air without delay.Several days later，I received Jack's email， 8 (say) that he really appreciated the books I 9 (send).I'm very glad that Jack is beginning to learn Chinese just like many other foreigners abroad， 10 I know it may be an enjoyable challenge for him.
1.解析 考查主谓一致和时态。根据时间状语in recent years可知要用现在完成时，
动名词短语learning Chinese作主语，根据主谓一致的原则，要用has become。
答案 has become
2.解析 考查时态。根据时间状语last month可知要用一般过去时。
答案 received
3.解析 考查非谓语动词。此处是短语作后置定语修饰名词books，be intended for
为……设计的/打算的。
答案 intended
4.解析 考查形容词。根据上文内容判断我乐意帮这个忙。
答案 such
5.解析 考查不定代词。固定短语from one...to another 从一个……到另一个。
答案 another
6.解析 考查副词。作者从一家书店到另一家书店去找书，所以此处表示“终于，
最终”的意思。
答案 Finally
7.解析 考查非谓语动词。此处是“have ＋宾语＋补语”结构，them指代买到
的书，和动词deliver之间是被动关系。
答案 delivered
8.解析 考查非谓语动词。从结构分析此处是分词作状语，表示伴随情况。动词
say和主语I之间是主动关系，应该用现在分词。
答案 saying
9.解析 考查时态。寄书发生在他的感激之前，属于过去的过去，应该用过去完
成时。
答案 had sent
10.解析 考查连词。尽管我知道那可能对他来说是一个挑战，但我真的很高兴
他开始和其他外国人一样学汉语了。前后句内容是让步关系，填although。
答案 although
课件79张PPT。连系动词连系动词按其所表示的意义可分为以下三种：
1.变化类表事物发展变化的过程，如become, go, turn, grow, get, fall等。
She grew rich within a short time.
她没多长时间就变得富有了。He became famous as a writer.他成了著名作家。
His face went red with anger.他气得满脸通红。
【温馨提示】 turn, go后面跟可数名词单数作表语时，要省略不定冠词a/an。但名词前有形容词修饰时，则加冠词。
[辨析] 他成了作家。
He turned a writer.(×)
He turned writer.(√)
He turned a great writer.(√)
He turned great writer.(×)2.感官连系动词，与人感觉器官有关的词。
感觉类表人体部位的感受，如feel, smell, taste, look, sound等。
Cotton feels soft.棉花摸起来软软的。
She looks very happy.她看起来非常高兴。
【温馨提示】 look, feel, smell, taste, sound作连系动词时，常用主动形式表示被动含义。
[辨析] 这花闻起来很香。
The flower is smelled sweet.(×)
The flower smells sweet.(√) 3.状态表象类连系动词
状态类表事物所处的状态，如keep, come, run, remain, stand, lie, stay, prove等。
He always keeps silent at meetings.
他开会时总保持沉默。
The weather still remained cold in April.
四月的天气仍然很冷。
He stayed single all his life.他打了一辈子的光棍。 【温馨提示】 连系动词的作用是后接形容词或相当于形容词的结构作表语。除了少数几个(如feel, get, become, grow等)外，不用于进行时态和被动结构。
[辨析] 这种混合物味道不佳。
The mixture is tasted terrible.(×)
The mixture tastes terrible.(√)
妈妈进来时吉姆假装睡觉。
Jim pretended to be falling asleep when his mother came in.(×)
Jim pretended to fall/be asleep when his mother came in.(√) Some people eat with their eyes. They prefer to order what______
(look) nice.
解析 look为系动词，用主动形式表被动含义。句意：有些人用眼睛选择东西吃，他们喜欢点看起来好的菜。looks使役动词常见的使役动词have, make, get, let的用法：
1.have/make/let sb do sth以及get sb to do sth
此结构表示“让某人干某事”。
The teacher had/made/let some students stay in the classroom after school.
放学后老师让一些学生仍待在教室里。2.have/make/get sth (sb) done
此结构表示“让……被做”。过去分词充当宾语补足语，宾语与宾语补足语之间是被动关系。
She has/gets/makes her hair cut once a month.
她每月理一次头发。
3.have sth/sb doing sth
此结构表示“让(使)某人一直做某事”或“让(使)某物处于某种状态”。
The two men had their lights burning all night long.
那两个人让灯亮了一整夜。①make如果是被动语态时后面要用带to的不定式。
He was made to work day and night.
他被迫日夜工作。
②have sb doing用于否定句，表示容忍某人做某事之意，常与can't, won't等连用。
I won't have you doing that again.
我不允许你再那样做了。(2011·江苏，30)—You look upset. What's the matter?
—I had my proposal (turn) down again.
解析 句意：——你看上去不高兴，怎么了？——我的建议又被拒绝了。考查have sth done结构。turned实义动词的用法实义动词是指具有完整意义，可以单独作谓语的动词。根据其在句中是否需要跟宾语，可分为及物动词和不及物动词；根据其所表示的动作是否具有延续性，可分为延续性动词和非延续性动词。
1.及物动词和不及物动词
(1)能直接跟宾语的实义动词称为及物动词。及物动词
后可跟单宾语、双宾语和复合宾语。
He has two younger brothers.
他有两个弟弟。(单宾语)My parents bought me a nice backpack.
我父母给我买了一个好看的背包。(双宾语)
Will you show me your ticket, please?
请把票给我看一下好吗？(双宾语)
I find the book very interesting.
我发现那本书非常有趣。(复合宾语)
Don't keep your children watching TV all the time.
不要让孩子一直看电视。(复合宾语)有时双宾语可变为加介词to或for的形式。
I gave each of the boys an apple. ＝ I gave an apple to each of the boys.我给每个男孩一个苹果。
I bought her a birthday present. ＝ I bought a birthday present for her.我给她买了一份生日礼物。 (2)不能直接跟宾语的实义动词称为不及物动词。若接宾语，要加介词。例如：
Don't run.There's plenty of time.
别跑。还有足够的时间。
The boy smiled when he saw his mother.
见到妈妈，小男孩笑了。
It is impolite to laugh at others.
嘲笑别人是不礼貌的。【温馨提示】 及物动词的宾语变成主语该动词就要变成被动语态，但是，英语中有些动词可用其主动形式表达被动含义，可分为以下三种情况：
(1)某些实义动词的主动形式后跟副词表示被动意义，这类动词有sell, wash, write, last, read, wear等。这种“动词＋副词”结构，常表示事物内部特有的属性。
This kind of cloth washes well and lasts long.
The pen my father gave me as a birthday gift writes smoothly.
Written in simple English, this article reads easily. (2)某些及物动词转为不及物动词后，其主动形式表示被动意义，如open(打开，营业)，close(关门)，shut(关闭), cut(切割)，weigh(重)，act(上演)等。
The door won't shut.这门关不上了。
This shop opens much earlier than it used to.
这家商店比以前营业更早了。
Each stone weighs 2 tons.每块石头重达2吨。(3)某些不及物动词，如happen, occur, come以及短语，如come out(出版), come up(出现), come into being(产生)，come to one's mind(想起), turn out(证明是), come about(发生)，break out(爆发), belong to(属于)等，本身表被动含义，所以它们常用主动形式。
Suddenly an idea came to his mind.
突然间他想起了一个主意。
It never occurred to me to phone you.
我从来没有想到要给你打电话。(1)The factory keeps up its good credit, so its products (sell) very well.
解析 句意：这家工厂保持着良好的信誉，因此它的产品卖得很好。sell表示主语属性，为不及物动词，无被动形式。sell2.延续性动词和非延续性动词
(1)延续性动词表示的动作可以延续，可与表示一段时间的时间状语连用。例如：
The boy slept until seven o'clock this morning.
那个男孩一直睡到今天早晨七点。
She has stayed here for two hours.
她在这里呆了两个小时了。(2)非延续性动词也称终止性动词、瞬间动词，表示的动作不可以延续，是在瞬间完成的，不能与表示一段时间的时间状语连用。常见的有：
They didn't finish their homework until 12 o'clock.
他们直到12点才完成家庭作业。
It began to rain at four o'clock yesterday morning.
昨天早晨四点开始下雨的。【温馨提示】 (1)在否定句中，非延续性动词也可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。
We haven't met each other for many years.
我们已经很多年没有见面了。
(2)非延续性动词一般不用于while引导的时间状语从句。
While the family came here from Japan，they were penniless. (×)
When the family came here from Japan, they were penniless.当这一家人从日本来这里时，他们身无分文。 (√)10个短暂性动词
开始离去，借来还，
参加人死，买到家，
诠释：10个动词为：begin, leave, go, borrow, come, return, join, die, buy, arrive。翻译句子
(2)他们结婚已经十年了。
___________________________________
(3)他参军已经三年了。
___________________________________They have been married for ten years.He has been in the army for three years.常见动词的固定结构1.用于“动词＋sb＋of＋sth”结构的常见动词。
The police accused him of over－speeding.
警察指控他超速行车。(1)The neighbor may you playing your radio too loudly.
解析 句意：你把收音机的音量开得那么大，邻居可能会控告你的。accuse sb of sth 意为“控告某人某事”。Accuse of2.用于“动词＋ sb ＋ for ＋ sth”结构的常见动词有：(2)The police blamed the traffic accident Jack's careless driving.
解析 句意：警察将那起交通事故归咎于杰克的粗心驾驶。考查搭配blame sth on sb 注意勿与blame sb for sth 混淆。on3.用于“动词＋sth ＋from＋(doing) sth”结构的常见动词有：
The heavy rain prevented him from going out.
大雨使他不能外出。
You need warm clothes to protect yourself from the cold.
你需要穿暖些以免着凉。
She has been banned from driving for six months.
她已被禁驾六个月。stop还可用于stop doing sth “停止做某事”，stop to do sth “停下来去做某事”结构。keep还可用于keep doing sth “继续做某事”； keep sb doing sth “让某人一直做某事”结构。
He never stops talking.他总是说个没完。
I'm sorry to keep you waiting.对不起，让你久等了。(3)The teacher kept us (read) the whole morning and we have to stop (have) a rest now.
解析 句意：老师让我们读了一早晨，现在我们不得不停下来休息一下。keep sb doing让某人一直做……，stop to do停下来去做某事。readingto have常见近形近义动词的辨析1.词形相近的动词辨析
(1)动词adapt, adjust, adopt的用法比较。
adapt意为“改编，(使)适应”，常用结构为adapt (oneself) to...或be adapted to表示“改变自己以适应……”。
adjust意为“调整，调节，使适合”，常用结构为adjust (oneself) to . ..表示“适应……”。
adopt意为“收养，领养；采用”。 (2)动词arouse，arise, rise, raise的用法比较。
arouse及物动词意为“引起，激起；唤醒”。
arise不及物动词，意为“发生，产生”。
rise不及物动词，意为“上升，上涨”。
raise及物动词，意为“抬高，举起，饲养，提出，筹集”。
(3)动词acquire, require，request的用法比较。
acquire及物动词，意为“(通过努力)取得，获得，学到”，其名词形式为acquirement。
require及物动词，意为“需要，命令”，其名词形式为requirement。
request及物动词，意为“请求，要求”，其名词形式仍为request。(4)动词expose, export, explode, explore的用法比较。
expose意为“使暴露，使曝光，使遭受”，常用结构为expose sb/sth to表示“使……暴露于或遭受……；使……接触……”。
export意为“出口，输出”。
explode不及物动词，意为“爆炸”。
explore意为“探索，探测”。
(5)动词lay, lie的用法比较。
lay→laid→laid→laying放，下(蛋)
lie→lay→lain→lying躺
lie→lied→lied→lying说谎 (1)No further financial problem (arise), but we once couldn't make both ends meet.
解析 句意：没有出现进一步的财务问题，但是我们已经无法做到收支相抵。arise意为“引发，产生”，为不及物动词，用一般过去时。arose2.词义相近的动词辨析
(1)动词see, look, watch, notice, stare的用法比较。
see意为“看见，观看(电影)，领会，察觉”。
look不及物动词，表示看的动作。
watch意为“仔细看，观看(比赛等)，注视，当心”。
notice 意为“注意到”。
stare表示“长久地、有意地、目不转睛地看”。
(2)动词seat, sit的用法比较。
seat及物动词，表示“(使)就座，可坐(多少人)”，常用结构seat sb或be seated。
sit不及物动词，表示“坐”这一动作。(3)动词win, beat, defeat的用法比较。
win作为“胜利，赢”讲时，后面应接a game, a battle, a contest, a race，但不能接人；如果接人则表示“说服，赢得某人支持”。
beat意为“击败，胜过”，后接对手。
defeat一般意为“战胜， 打败”，还可以表示“把某人难住”。
(4)动词cost, spend, take, pay的用法比较。
cost作“花费”讲时，主语不能是人，通常是事物(包括形式主语it)。spend意为“花费”，主语通常是人。句式： spend on sth/in doing sth
take作“花费”讲时，主语可以是物，也可以是人。常用句式It takes sb some time to do sth
pay意为“支付，付款”，主语一般是人，宾语是金钱也可以是人。短语pay for付……，为……付出代价
(5)动词speak, say, talk, tell的用法比较。
speak一般用作不及物动词，但speak后接语言名词时则用作及物动词。
say及物动词，表示“说，讲”，还可表示“(书信、便条、海报上)写着……”。 talk多用作不及物动词。作“交谈，谈论”讲时，常与介词连用。
tell作“告诉，讲述，吩咐”讲时，常接双宾语，但表示“讲实话，说谎，显示时间”等时，后接单宾语。
(6)cure, treat和heal
cure“治愈，治好”，强调结果。常用短语为： cure sb of sth，意为“治愈某人……病。
treat“医治，治疗”，强调动作。常用短语为： treat sb for sth，意为“治疗某人……病”。
heal“使痊愈，治愈”，多指外伤。 (8)dress, wear, put on和have on
dress sb in表示“给某人穿衣服”；dress sb for/in/as sth 意为“穿……的服装”。
wear“穿着；戴”，宾语为衣服、首饰、手表、花、纪念章、表情、发式等。
put on“穿上”，强调动作，宾语为衣服。
have on“穿着”，强调状态，宾语为衣服；无进行时态。
(9)include和contain
include“包括”，侧重被包含者只是整体的一部分。
contain“包含”，侧重整体内有，指在某一范围或容器内能容纳某物或含有某成分。不用于进行时态。 (10)fit，suit, match的辨析。
fit表示“适合，合身”，指大小、型号的适合，引申为“吻合、协调”。
I have gained weight, so my clothes do not fit.
我体重增加了，衣服都不合身了。
suit作“适合”解，指合乎需要、口味、条件、地位等。常强调颜色、款式等适合某人。
That color doesn't suit your complexion.
这颜色不适合你的肤色。
If we meet at 9 a.m.，would that suit you?
我们9点见面，你方便吗？match表示“在(品质、颜色、设计等方面)与……相配”。
Her shoes match her dress; they look very well together. 她的鞋子与衣服搭配得很好，看上去很相配。
(11)hurt, wound, injure, harm的辨析。
hurt表示“肉体或情感上的痛苦，强调疼痛感”。
Many people were hurt when a bus and a truck collided.
一辆公共汽车和一辆卡车相撞，许多人受了伤。wound表示“由于剑、刀、枪等造成身体上较严重的外伤，特别是在战争中受伤”。
The soldier was wounded in the arm.
这个士兵的胳膊受伤了。injure表示“意外事故或偶发事件造成的伤害”。
There were two people injured in the car accident.
有两个人在车祸中受了伤。
harm表示“引起疼痛、痛苦或损失，其对象可以是自己，也可以是其他人或物”。
Our dog won't harm you.
我们的狗不会伤害你的。
Getting up early won't harm you!
早起对你没有坏处！(12)damage, destroy和ruin
damage“损坏，破坏”，可用于表示损坏或破坏具体的物品，一般暗示损坏后价值或效益会降低，这种损坏是部分性的，通常指损坏的程度不那么严重，还可以修复再用；也可以用于表示损坏抽象的东西。
destroy常指对物体毁灭性的、不可修复的破坏。
ruin常指对物体的不可修复的破坏、毁灭，但这种破坏不指毁灭某物，而是指长期损坏的结果；也可指名声、活动、价值、机会等的毁坏。(13)examine, test和check
examine“检查；考试”，常指挑毛病、找缺点，查漏洞、问题等。
test“测试；考验；化验”，常指对质量、性能、耐力、实力等的测试。
check“核实；核对，审核”，常指对数字、答案、内容、结果等是否完好或一致进行核实。(14)attend, join, join in, take part in和go in for
attend常指“参加”会议、仪式、婚礼、葬礼、典礼或上课、上学、上教堂、听报告、听音乐会等，主要指以观众或听众的身份参加。
join表示“加入”(＝become a member of)，宾语为某组织、团体、人等，如： the army, a group/club等。
join in常指“参加”小型的活动； join sb in (doing) sth意为“加入到某人的行列一起做某事”。
take part in常指“参加”大型会议或集体性的活动，并在其中发挥积极的作用。
go in for常指“参加”某项比赛、考试。(2)—In this day and age, women can have children and jobs as well.
—I can't agree more.It's great to have the two (combine).
解析 句意：——在当今时代，妇女既要带孩子还要工作。——我完全赞成，把两者结合起来，太棒了。考查have sth done结构。combined动词短语的几种常见构成形式1.动词＋介词
例：look at, look for, look into, hear from, wait for等。
当此类动词短语跟宾语时，不能把介词放在宾语之后。
2.动词＋副词
例：turn off, give up, put out, ring off, put away等。
注意：(1)如果宾语较长，就应避免把副词同动词分开。
She turned off all the lights which had been left on.
(2)如果宾语是人称代词，只能放在动词和副词之间。
She gave them away.
3.动词＋副词＋介词
例：catch up with, look down upon, look forward to等4.动词＋名词＋介词
如：take care of, pay attention to, attach importance to等。
注意：“动词＋介词”、“动词＋名词＋介词”、“动词＋副词＋介词”，这三种搭配都是及物的，如变成被动语态，不可漏掉介词。
In this way both grain and vegetables can be well looked after.(不能漏掉after)
5.be＋形容词＋介词
如：be proud of, be afraid of, be interested in等。
6.复杂结构
如：make up one‘s mind, wind one’s way, think highly of等。(2012·江苏，26) —OK, I've had enough of it. I give up.
—You can't (run) your responsibilities.
解析 此处考查动词＋副词＋介词结构的动词短语。句意：——好了，我受够了，我放弃。——你不能逃避责任。run away from附录：高频动词短语
1.agree
agree with ＋ sb/sth 同意某人的看法/观点/所说的话
食物/天气＋ agree (s) with sb 食物/天气适合某人
agree to sth 同意某个建议/计划/安排/办法等
agree on sth 在……方面达成一致意见
agree to do sth 同意做某事
2.break
break away 摆脱，逃跑
break down (机器)出故障；中断；分解
break into 闯入；打断；突然开始break off 中断，折断，突然停止
break out 突然发生；爆发
break through 突破；克服；挣脱而出
break up 打碎；中断
3.bring
bring about引起；造成
bring down 使倒下；使下降；使受挫折
bring forward 提出；提前(＝ put forward)
bring into operation 实施，使生效；使运行
bring out 显示出来；出版，生产
bring up 提出；教育；培养；吐出 4.call
call for 需要；要求；邀请
call off 取消；停止
call on 拜访；看望；号召
call up 打电话；使人想起；召集
5.come
come about 发生
come across 偶遇；碰到；讲清楚
come along 进展；成功；一道走
come into effect 生效come off 发生；举行；成功
come on 快点；走吧；有进展
come out 出来；结果是；出版
come round/around 再现；恢复知觉；改变看法
come through 经历，获得成功
come to 苏醒；达到；总数为
come up 发生；走上前来；(时间)快到
come up against 碰到(困难)
come up to 达到(高度，程度)；符合
come up with 赶上；提出6.cut
cut across 绕近道穿过；超越；遮住
cut back 削减；终止；急忙返回
cut down 削减；减少
cut in 插嘴，打断；突然出来
cut off 切断；中断；隔绝
cut out 删掉；戒掉
cut short 中断；打断；缩短7.end
end up doing最终成为
end up with...以……而结束
end in...以……结尾；以……为结果
bring... to an end结束，使终止
come to an end结束，终止
put an end to使终止，结束；毁掉；杀死
make (both) ends meet使收支相抵，量入为出 8.get
get across (to sb)被传达；被理解
get down to sth/doing sth 开始做某事；开始认真注意(或对待)某事
get on/along进展，进步；相处
get over解决；克服
get through用完；完成；通过；接通(电话)
get into养成某种习惯；参与；开始(某事)；使陷入
get rid of摆脱；除掉 9.give
give away to泄露；赠送；告发
give back 送还；恢复
give in 屈服，让步；交上，呈上
give off 释放出；辐射出；发生
give out 放出；发表；用完
give up 投降；放弃；辞去
10.go
go after 追求；追逐
go ahead 继续下去；开始
go along with 赞成；支持；随行go around/round 足够分配；绕……而行；传播
go back on 违背诺言
go by 时间过去；经过；遵守
go down 下降；下沉；下跌
go for 去；选择；想要；攻击(用语言)
go in for 从事，爱好；参加(竞赛，考试)
go into 研究；调查；从事
go off 离开；爆炸；食品变坏；断电
go on 继续进行；发生
go out 离开；熄灭；过时
go over 浏览，仔细查看，检查，审查go through 通过；经历(苦难)；仔细检查
go up 上升，增长；涨价
11.hold
hold up 支持住；承受住；延迟
hold back 阻挡；隐瞒；抑制
hold on 等着，停住；坚持住；(打电话)别挂断
hold on to 抓紧；保存某物
hold together (使)保持团结
hold one's breath 屏住呼吸
hold out 坚持；维持；伸出 12.keep
keep away from避免接近；远离；不让接近某人/某物
keep back使某人(与……)保持距离；抑制感情等的流露；隐瞒
keep sb from doing sth 阻止某人做某事
keep off避免；使……不接近
keep (on) doing继续做某事
keep...out of...使不进入；使置身于……之外
keep up保持，维持
keep up with跟上；与某人保持联系；熟悉，了解(消息、形势等) 13.look
look after 照顾；关心
look at 看；观察；查阅
look back 回头看；回顾
look down on/upon 轻视，看不起
look for 寻找，寻求；期望
look forward to 盼望；期待
look in 顺便看望；顺便拜访
look into 调查，深入了解
look on 观看，旁观
look out 注意look over 翻阅，浏览
look through 浏览；详细调查
look up 查阅，查出；看望
14.make
make for 快速走向，向……前进；促进
make out 理解，领悟；写出；辩论
make up 组成，占……比例；弥补，补偿；捏造
make up for 弥补，补偿
make up of 由……组成；包含有15.put
put across 解释清楚；使人接受
put aside 放在一边；储存；保留
put away 放好；收好
put down 写下；记下；镇压
put forward 提出；推荐；把……提前
put in 伸进；提出；提交；申请，请求
put in for 申请；正式要求
put off 延期；推迟；关掉；阻止，妨碍
put on 穿上；戴上；上演；增加(体重)
put out 熄灭；关灯；生产出，出版put up 举起；修建；提供
put up with 忍受；容忍
16.run
run across偶然遇见(或看到)
run away from sth 躲开；躲避；回避
run off with sth 偷走某物
run into偶然遇见(某人)；途中遭遇(恶劣天气)；遇到(困难等)
run out (of sth)用完，耗尽
run over溢出；快速阅读
run through匆匆讨论；很快地重复；遍布
run up against sth 遭遇(困难) 17.stand
can't stand (doing) sth无法忍受(做)某事
stand out突出；显眼；出色
stand up for支持；维护
stand for代表；支持；主张
stand by站在旁边，袖手旁观；支持；遵守
stand up to经得起(考验等)18.set
set about开始做，着手
set apart使分离；使显得突出
set aside 留出；拨出；不理会
set back 推迟，阻碍；使花费
set down记下，写下
set off 动身，出发；引起
set out动身，出发；开始；陈述
set up 建立，创立；引起19.take
take after 与……相像
take apart拆卸
take away拿走；使离开；消除(病痛等)
take down记下来；拆掉
take for(错)当作；(误)以为
take in吸收，接收；领会；欺骗
take off 起飞；匆匆离去；脱下
take on呈现；采纳；承担，雇佣
take one‘s time 不要着急，慢慢地做take over 接收，接管，取代
take to喜欢；养成……的习惯
take up 占去，占据；开始；从事
20.turn
turn down关小；调低；拒绝
turn off关上；转弯；解雇；生产
turn out 关上；生产；制造；结果是
turn over 翻转；交付；反复考虑
turn to 求助于，转向
turn up出现；开大易错点1 由其他词性的词转化而来的动词(2012·天津，13) Parents and children should communicate more
(narrow) the gap between them so that they can understand each other better.
解析 句意：为了缩小代沟，进而增进彼此间的理解，父母同子女之间应该多交流。根据句意及gap(代沟)可知narrow(使变窄)正确。此处用动词不定式作目的状语。to narrow【即时小练】
(原创)On the Teachers' Day, we (present) our teacher with flowers.presented以题说法
此题中narrow发生了词性转化，由形容词转化为动词词性。如果忽略构词法会增加做题难度，英语中很多词汇可能会发生词性转化，如water n.水→v.浇水，ship n.船→v.(用船)运输，present n.礼物→v.呈现，赠送等。
突破指南
对于英语构词法的掌握可以帮我们扩充词汇量，词性转化的词很多可以根据其原始意义结合语境得出其新意。易错点2 相似短语搭配易混(1)Practising Chinese kung fu can not only build one's strength, but also develop one's character.
解析 句意：练中国功夫不仅能增加体力，还能培养性格。固定短语build up one‘s strength意为“增强某人的体力”。
(2)(2013·新课标全国Ⅰ，30)At the last moment, Tom decided to put a new character to make the story seem more likely.
解析 句意：在最后一刻，汤姆决定添加一个新角色来使故事显得更加真实。put in意为“投入；添上”。upin【即时小练】
(1)The computer system break suddenly while he was searching for information on the Internet.
解析 break down意为“(机器、车辆等)坏了；(身体)垮掉；(谈话、通信等)中断；(化学上的)分解”。
(2)The teacher stressed again that the students should not _______
(leave) any important details while retelling the story.
解析 本句话的意思为“老师再次强调说，学生在复述这个故事的时候，绝对不能遗漏任何细节”。因此用leave out表示“遗漏，省略掉”的意思。downleave out以题说法
高考中对于动词短语的考查多集中考查近似结构，如相同介词和副词和不同动词的搭配或相同动词和不同介词和副词的搭配。此类短语多且复杂，却是高考题中的必考项目。做对此类题目的关键有二：1.对于语境的正确理解；2.短语意义及用法的扎实掌握。突破指南
无论是不同的动词与相同的介、副词的搭配还是相同的动词与不同的介、副词的搭配，记忆的时候得从不同的动词或不同的介、副词的含义出发，求同存异，仔细区分。例如：send up, give up, set up和put up就得从send, give, set和put的词义上入手去区分四个短语的含义。shoutinglooksdo withrespectfaceget along well完成短文后，你能否对此加以扩展，写一篇80词左右的小短文？
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2015～2011年各省市高考题(改编)
用适当的词或所给动词适当形式填空
1.(2015·浙江，7)Body language can give a lot about your mood，so
standing with your arms folded can send out a signal that you are being defensive.
解析 句意：身势语能够清楚地泄露出你的情绪，因此双臂交叉站着则表示你具有防御性。考查动词短语。give away 泄露，符合语境。
答案 away
2.(2015·江苏，27)The university started some new language programs to cater
the country's Silk Road Economic Belt.
解析 句意：大学开始开设一些新的语言项目，以迎合中国的丝绸之路经济带。考查动词短语。cater for 迎合，满足所需。
答案 for
3.(2015·江苏，29)The whole team count Cristiano Ronaldo, and he
seldom lets them down.
解析 句意：整个团队依靠Cristians Donald，他很少让他们失望。考查动词短语。count on依靠，指望。
答案 on
4.(2015·湖北，25)There is no doubt that this candidate's advantage lies his
ability to communicate with foreigners in English.
解析 句意：毫无疑问，这位候选人的优势在于他能用英语与外国人沟通的能力。考查动词短语。lie in在于……。
答案 in
5.(2015·湖北，26)Don't worry.I'm sure your missing glasses will turn
sooner or later.
解析 句意：别担心。我相信你丢失的眼镜迟早会找到的。考查动词短语。turn up出现；发生；开大；发现。
答案 up
6.(2015·陕西，25)Peter will take his post as the head of the travel agency
at the end of next month.
解析 句意：彼得将会于下个月底就任他旅游公司负责人的职位。考查动词短语搭配。take up开始从事。
答案 up
7.(2015·天津，10)Tom had to turn the invitation to the party last weekend
because he was too busy.
解析 句意：因为太忙了，上周末汤姆不得不拒绝聚会的邀请。考查动词短语。turn down拒绝，符合语境。
答案 down
8.(2015·福建，25)It is said that body language account 55 per cent of a
first impression while what you say just 7 per cent.
解析 句意：据说，肢体语言占第一印象的55%，而语言只占7%。考查动词短语。 account for占……比例。
答案 for
9.(2014·安徽，26)Terry，please look from your cell phone when Grandma
is talking to you.
答案 up
10.(2014·安徽，28)When the sports hero turned at our party，he was
welcomed with open arms.
答案 up
11.(2014·大纲全国，31)Caroline doesn't have a gift for music，but she makes up
it with hard work.
答案 for
12.(2014·福建，25)It is widely acknowledged that students should be
(evaluate) in terms of overall quality.
答案 evaluated
13.(2014·湖北，23)Seeing the big crowd coming towards him，he started to run down
the hill，but (slip) and went down on his hands and knees in the melting snow.
答案 slipped
14.(2014·湖北，24)The old rules have to be (revise) because they only
applied to the circumstances that existed when they were made a hundred years ago.
答案 revised
15.(2014·湖北，26)Is this your necklace，Mary? I came it when I was
cleaning the bathroom this morning.
答案 across
16.(2014·江苏，25)Top graduates from universities are (chase)by major
companies.
答案 chased
17.(2014·江西，27)Anyway，we're here now，so let's get down to some
serious work.
答案 to
18.(2014·陕西，18)Ralph W.Emerson would always set new ideas that
occurred to him.
答案 down
19.(2012·湖北，22)Finally, my thanks go to my tutor, who has offered a lot of
suggestions and comments on my paper and (polish) every page of my draft.
解析 句意：最后，我要感谢我的导师，他给我的论文提出了很多批评和建议，并对每张草稿作了推敲。和前文的offered并列。
答案 polished
20.(2011·辽宁，22)What are you doing out of bed, Tom? You're (suppose) to
be asleep.
解析 句意：Tom，你不睡觉做什么？你现在应该睡觉。out of bed未上床，起床的意思，be supposed to do应当，应该。
答案 supposed
1.动词是每年高考的重中之重，近年高考主要集中在动词短语辨析上。
2.考查重点集中在易混动词及短语辨析，包括近义词及短语和习惯用语的考查，
另外还有熟词生义，以突出考题侧重学生灵活应用能力的考查。
