A组 三年模拟精选(2015～2013)(改编)
1.(2015·太原期末)Then the driver stood up and asked，“ anyone lose a
suitcase at the last stop？”
解析 考查一般过去时。此处是询问过去发生的事情应该用一般过去时，谓语是实义动词lose，所以要用助动词Did。
答案 Did
2.(2015·西铁一中二模)Her mother was excited.“Your father has at last decided to stop smoking，” Jane (inform).
解析 考查一般过去时的被动语态。因Jane与动词inform之间为被动关系，再结合前面的was excited，根据时态一致的原则，此处也要用一般过去时。
答案 was informed
3.(2015·福州八中质检)Being too anxious to help an event develop often
(result) in the contrary to our intention.
解析 考查一般现在时。从句子结构分析，动名词短语Being too anxious to help an event develop作主语，result是谓语动词，应当考虑时态；根据句子意思“急于求成，往往事与愿违”，是客观真理，应当用一般现在时，故填results。
答案 results
4.(2015·保定六市六校联盟)By April 2008，over 10 million articles (put)
on Wikipedia.
解析 考查过去完成时的被动语态。句意：到2008年4月份，1千多万文章已经登在维基百科上。和时间状语by April 2008连用谓语动词要用过去完成时，而且主语articles和动词put之间是被动关系。
答案 had been put
5.(2015·河南六市联考)Tai Chi (call) “shadow boxing” in English.
解析 考查一般现在时的被动语态。句意：太极在英语中被称为shadow boxing。主语Tai Chi与动词call之间为被动关系，且这是一个客观事实，故要用一般现在时的被动语态形式。
答案 is called
6.(2015·山西太原五中月考)A comprehensive study (report) that of the
nearly 3，000 cyclist－motorist crashes that occurred between 2000 and 2010，about 20 percent were hit－and－runs.
解析 考查时态。句意：一个调查报道说，在2000到2010年至少发生了3000起事故，百分之二十的逃逸率。根据后面的occurred可知此处要用一般过去时。
答案 reported
7.(2015·吉林一中月考)For thousands of years，the festival (mark) by
eating Zongzi and racing dragon boats in honour of Qu Yuan.
解析 考查时态。由时间状语for thousands of years可知，谓语动词要用现在完成时，表示端午节一直以来都以吃粽子和赛龙舟的方式进行庆祝。
答案 has been marked
8.(2015·内蒙古包钢一中月考)I'm so sorry，but sometimes the bus can
(delay) by some problems.
解析 考查语态。the bus和delay之间是被动关系，故用被动语态。
答案 be delayed
9.(2015·海南中学月考)Now college graduates (encourage) to start their
own business，which sounds really good for us.
解析 考查时态和语态。句意：现在大学毕业生正在被鼓励自主创业，对我们来说这听起来不错。根据时间状语now可知是正在进行时，学生与鼓励之间是被动关系，故用现在进行时的被动语态。
答案 are being encouraged
10.(2015·宁夏银川一中月考)So far I (adopt) and taught children for over
35 years.
解析 考查时态。根据时间状语so far“到目前为止”可知，该状语要与现在完成时连用。
答案 have adopted
11.(2015·广东揭阳一中、潮州金山中学联考)So the questions must (deal)
with carefully，the same way you would handle any other hot potato.
解析 考查语态。主语questions和动词deal with之间是被动关系。
答案 be dealt
12.(2015·内蒙古师大附中月考)As a child，I lived in a poor family...the worst
impression is that I (feel) hungry all the time.
解析 考查时态。根据时间状语all the time 可知此处要用进行时态，表示“一直”，这里是过去的事情，所以用过去进行时。
答案 was feeling
13.(2015·黑龙江双鸭山一中月考)Sandy：What about his sister，Kate? Did she pass?
Tom：Oh，yes.It seems she (get) good marks.
解析 考查时态。答句意为“好象她得了高分”。发生在过去的事要用一般过去时。
答案 got
14.(2015·河南洛阳一高月考)I think Chinese people choose chopsticks，rather than
knives and forks，because Chinese people，under the influence of Confucianism，
(consider) knives and forks as symbolizing a type of violence traditionally.
解析 考查时态。中国人在儒家思想的影响下，传统地认为刀和叉是暴力的象征。此处表示对现在造成的影响和结果，故要用现在完成时。
答案 have considered
15.(2015·辽宁锦州市质量检测一)He jumped out of the car， (seize) a boy
and pushed him up against the parked car.
解析 考查一般过去时。他从汽车里面跳了出来，抓住一个男孩。和jumped，pushed构成并列谓语，故要用一般过去时。
答案 seized
16.(2014·河北邯郸市一模)Simon：Right.And how many people are coming? Did
you say about 8?
Linda：Yes，they said 8 at first，but (change) to 6 this morning.
解析 考查一般过去时。他们一开始说是8个人，但是后来改成了6个。根据时间状语this morning可知此处要用一般过去时。
答案 changed
17.(2014·山西太原五中模拟)He goes to a Buddhist monk for advice and expects to
(tell) how to live a more simple life.
解析 考查被动语态。此人到庙里拜见高僧寻求指点，期望被告知如何过更简朴的生活。expect sb to do sth 期望某人做某事，因为he和tell之间为被动关系，故要用be told。
答案 be told
18.(2014·辽宁锦州市质量检测一)“He (hurt)，and he's too heavy for
me”.
解析 考查一般现在时的被动语态。句意：他受伤了，对我来说他太重了。he和动词hurt之间是被动关系，且说的是客观事实，故要用一般现在时的被动语态形式。
答案 is hurt
19.(2014·黑龙江大庆一中段考二)He (work) hard at his lessons every
evening for months.He wants to go to Oxford University next year.
解析 考查现在完成进行时。这几个月他一直在努力学习。用现在完成进行时表示最近一直在做的事情。
答案 has been working
20.(2014·黑龙江哈三中一模)If you (happen) meet a girl online who is
intelligent，kind，honest，and you get a good feeling of her，won't you have the desire to get to know her in person?
解析 考查动词的时态和固定表达。条件状语从句要用一般现在时表将来，happen to do sth碰巧做某事。
答案 happen to
21.(2014·山西太原五中模拟)There (be) more than 100 million references
to the word “tuhao” on social media since early September this year.
解析 考查现在完成时。九月份上旬以来，“土豪”一词在中国社交网络上出现了1亿多次。和时间状语since early September this year 连用，要用现在完成时。
答案 have been
22.(2014·黑龙江哈三中二模)All the discoveries in human history have
(make) as a result of curiosity.
解析 考查被动语态。the discoveries和动词make之间为动宾关系，空格前的have表明句子用现在完成时，故要用现在完成时的被动语态。
答案 been made
23.(2013·深圳模拟)Besides，shopping at this time of the year was not a pleasant
experience：people stepped on your feet or (push) you with their elbows(肘部).
解析 考查一般过去时。根据连词or可知，动词push与stepped并列，所以也要用一般过去时。
答案 pushed
24.(2013·韶关重点中学六次月考)The machine (equip) with securing
cameras and alarms and looks like a mini shop with a brick front，a grey roof and a display window.
解析 考查一般现在时的被动语态。这个机器配备有安全摄像机和警报系统。be equipped with配备有……。因为主语The machine是单数，再结合后面的looks like可知，此处要用一般现在时，故要用 is equipped。
答案 is equipped
25.(2013·佛山月考)In recent years，the commercial pressure from supermarket
chains (force) village shops across the country to close.
解析 考查现在完成时。句意：近几年，来自超市连锁店的压力已经迫使乡村商店关门。in recent years相当于recently，和现在完成时连用，因为主语是pressure，所以谓语要用单数形式。
答案 has forced
B组 一年创新导向
1.(关注一般过去时表过去的事实)—You've got your flat furnished, haven't you?
—Yes，I some used furniture and it was a real bargain.
解析 句意：——你的房子装修好了，不是吗？——是的，我买了一些二手家具，确实便宜。从后面的was可知，买家具是过去的动作，故用一般过去时。
答案 bought
2.(关注现在完成时和过去完成时的区别)John and I (be) friends for eight
years. We first got to know each other at a Christmas party. But we (meet) each other a couple of times before that.
解析 根据第一空后面的“for eight years”可知，第一空应用现在完成时；根据第二空前面的“got”及后面的“before that”可知，meet这一动作发生在got之前，故第二空应用过去完成时。
答案 have been；had met
3.(关注过去进行时表过去一段时间内正在进行的动作)—Hey，Gary，did Linda see
you come in?
—I don't think so. She (review) her lessons then.
解析 句意：——嗨，加理，刚才琳达看见你进来了吗？——我认为没有。她当时正在复习功课。根据答语第二句中的then可知应用过去进行时。
答案 was reviewing
4.(关注各种时态的被动语态)A lot of attention (pay) to greenhouse gas
emission. Look at those posters for environmental protection.
解析 句意：温室气体的排放得到了很多关注。看那些关于环境保护的海报。根据“Look at”可知此处指的是现在的情况，且pay与attention之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系，故用现在进行时的被动语态。
答案 is being paid
5.(关注不用在被动语态中的词)—Does China have cultural relics?
—Yes，it is admitted that many cultural relics in the world，such as the Great Wall，the Potala Palace and the Mogao Grottoes， (belong) China.
解析 belong to不用于被动语态和进行时态。“许多世界文化遗产，如长城、布达拉宫、莫高窟等属于中国”，这是一个客观事实，应该用一般现在时。从句的主语是many cultural relics，所以谓语动词要用复数形式。
答案 belong to
C组 语境对点演练
Ⅰ.语篇填空
用括号中动词的适当形式填空。
Welcome to our school.I'd like to introduce you to plans for our school.A lot of work 1 (do) in the past few years.The library 2 (complete) and is ready for use.But we still have to do more work.A new biology lab 3 (build)this year.But we don't have enough money for the equipment.Students in all grades 4 (collect) money.The money which is collected 5 (spend) on new equipment.At present，a plan 6 (make) for a party at the end of the term，at which wonderful performances 7 (put)on.
The gardens of the school 8 (improve) this year.New trees 9 (plant) which will soon give shade in summer.The whole school 10 (paint) during the summer holidays.In fact，our school is becoming more and more beautiful.
答案 1.has been done 2.has been completed 3.is being built 4.are collecting 5.will be spent 6.is being made 7.will be put 8.are being improved 9.are being planted 10.is going to be painted
Ⅱ.语法填空
阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。
(2015·珠海模拟)It was a city in Hubei Province.On International Children's Day，some orphans(孤儿)from the Wuhan Welfare Institute for Children 1 (take) to the park.An elderly westerner was with them.The children were eager to tell him everything that was going on.They held him by the hand and never hesitated to call 2 Grandpa.This man was Professor William Dorrity from Florida，the USA.In 2003， 3 Professor Dorrity and his wife retired，they came to Wuhan and started to work as volunteers at the Welfare Institute.
The Dorritys have been working hard 4 (improve) the conditions at the Welfare Institute since they came.They often take children on day－trips， 5 (bring) along with them all kinds of food for the kids to enjoy.They recently bought audiphones for four orphans 6 hearing problems and small tape recorders for three blind children.They also bought a wheelchair for ten－year－old Tan Jun， 7 suffers from a brain problem.With the 8 (arrive) of spring，the Dorritys took the children for 9 outing.“We love China and we love children，”Dorrity said，“ 10 we are happy to do this.”
【语篇导读】 本文主要讲一对来自佛罗里达州的夫妇退休后在武汉儿童福利院做义工的故事。
1.解析 考查被动语态。孤儿被带到公园，所以用被动形式。
答案 were taken
2.解析 考查代词。call后接双宾语。
答案 him
3.解析 考查连词。“当(when)Dorrity教授和他的妻子退休时”或“在Dorrity
教授和他的妻子退休之后”。
答案 when/after
4.解析 考查动词不定式。动词不定式表示目的，表示“为了改善情况努力工
作”。
答案 to improve
5.解析 考查非谓语动词。they和bring是主动关系，所以用现在分词表示伴随
状况。
答案 bringing
6.解析 考查介词。有听力障碍的孤儿。
答案 with
7.解析 考查定语从句。who作suffers的主语，指代Tan Jun。
答案 who
8.解析 考查词形转换。结构：the＋n.＋of。
答案 arrival
9.解析 考查冠词。take sb for an outing意为“带某人去郊游”。
答案 an
10.解析 考查连词。我们爱中国，我们爱孩子，所以很高兴这样做。
答案 and/so
课件85张PPT。现在时态现在时态主要包括一般现在时，现在进行时和现在完成时。
一、一般现在时的用法
一般现在时是不受时间限制的客观存在，指经常发生的动作或存在的状态。1.表示现状、性质、状态、经常发生的或习惯性的动作，且常与usually, always, every day, twice a week, seldom，sometimes等表频率的时间状语连用。
John sometimes sits up very late.约翰有时很晚才睡。
2.表示客观事实或普遍现象。
The sun rises in the east.太阳从东方升起。
【温馨提示】 表示客观真理、名言、格言等的句子充当宾语从句时，不受主句时态限制，即使主句用过去时态，从句仍然用一般现在时。
[辨析] 老师说光速比声速快。
The teacher said that light traveled faster than sound.(×)
The teacher said that light travels faster than sound.(√)3.如果主句是一般将来时，那么时间、条件等状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来。
If it rains tomorrow, I won't go there.
如果明天下雨，我将不去那儿。
【温馨提示】 (1)在时间、条件、让步状语从句中用一般现在时表达将来含义，也就是说will不用于when, if, even if, unless, whatever, no matter what/when/where等引导的状语从句中表将来，但如果will表示“决心、意愿”时，可用在条件状语从句中。
如果你愿意去那儿，请告诉我。
If you will go there, please tell me.(2)表示按规定、计划、安排、时间表等马上要发生的事时，也用一般现在时表将来，常与具体时间状语连用。该用法仅限于少数表示短暂意义的动词，如：come, go, arrive, leave, begin, take off, stop等。用正确的时态完成句子
(1)It won‘t be long before such a thing (happen) again.
(2)He won‘t speak to her unless she (apologize) to him.
(3)My parents (live) in Hong Kong. They were born there and have never lived anywhere else.
解析 根据第二句中的...have never lived anywhere else.可推知，空格处应用一般现在时表示状态。句意：我父母住在香港。他们生在那里，从未在别的地方居住过。happensapologizeslive二、现在进行时的用法
1.表示此时此刻正在进行的动作或现阶段正在进行的动作，由“be＋现在分词”构成。
What are you doing？你在干什么？
2.表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作。
She is leaving for Beijing tomorrow.明天她要去北京。
3.与always, forever, constantly, continually等词连用，表示赞赏或厌恶等感彩。
He is always helping others.他总是肯帮助他人。
4.用进行时表示渐变过程。
The food is getting cold.食物变凉了。 【温馨提示】
注意下列动词不能用于进行时：
感觉类： look, smell, feel, sound, taste, see, hear等；
情感类：like, love, prefer, admire, hate, fear等；
思想类： wish, hope, expect, want, need, believe, think，understand, agree, know等；
其他类： have, contain, win, hold, belong to等。
[辨析] 他和她正在相爱。
He is in love with her.(√)
He is loving her.(×)(4)—John, what are you (hold) in your hand?
—Look！It's a birthday gift for my grandma.
解析 句意：——琼，你手里拿着什么？——看！这是给我奶奶的生日礼物。考查在特定语境中正确使用时态的能力。根据句意(琼，你手里拿着什么？)和关键词look可知该题应用现在进行时态。holding(5)Because the shop (close) down, all the T－shirts are sold at half price.
解析 句意：因为商店即将停业，所有的T恤衫均半价出售。由句意可知此处强调“即将停业”，close为短暂性动词，所以用进行时表将来。is closing(6)You are always (watch) television. Why not do something more active?
解析 句意：你总是看电视。为什么不做些更积极的事呢？always表示一种不满情绪，现在进行时与其连用表示或褒或贬的情感色彩。watching三、现在完成时的用法
1.表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响或结果，或说话时已完成的动作。常用的时间状语有： already, just, yet, never，before等。
I have already posted the photos.我已经把照片寄出了。
2.表示从过去开始的动作或状态一直持续到现在，往往和for..., since..., up to now, recently, so far等表示一段时间的状语连用。
They have worked here since they left college.
自从大学毕业后，他们就一直在这儿工作。 3.It(This)＋is(will be)＋the first/second/third...＋time＋that从句。that从句的谓语要用现在完成时，that可以省略。
This is the first time I have been here.
这是我第一次来这里。
【温馨提示】 It/This is the last time that...句式中通常不用完成时，而用should＋do的形式。
[辨析] 这是他最后一次来这儿了。
It is the last time that he has come here.(×)
It is the last time that he should come here.(√)4.用在时间状语从句、条件状语从句或让步状语从句中表达将来某时以前已经完成的动作。
When you have learned English, you will find it a bridge to so much knowledge.
当你学习英语之后，你将找到一条通往丰富知识的桥梁。
【温馨提示】
1.短暂性动作的完成时(肯定式)不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。
[辨析] 他父亲离开祖国已经50年了。
His father has left his homeland for 50 years.(×)
His father has been away from his homeland for 50 years.(√) 2.“去过”与“去了”不同。
[辨析] ——你去过北京吗？——是的，我去过。
—Have you gone to Beijing？—Yes, I have gone there.(×)
—Have you been to Beijing？—Yes, I have been there.(√)(7)This is the first time we (see) a film in the cinema together as a family.
解析 “This/It is＋the＋序数词＋time＋that从句”为固定句型，that从句需用现在完成时。句意：这是我们全家第一次到电影院看电影。have seen(8)—I (not find) the book till now.
—Don't worry. You may have left it at home.
解析 句意：——我到现在也没找到我的书。——别担心，你可能把它忘家里了。由句中till now可知应选用现在完成时。haven't found过去时态过去时态通常包括一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时和过去将来时。
一、一般过去时的用法
一般过去时往往暗示现在“已不再这样”。
1.表示过去经常性、习惯性的动作或表示在过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。
She went to the cinema last night with her boyfriend.
昨晚她和她的男友一起去看电影。
When I was in the countryside, I often called on my old friends there.当我在乡下时，经常去拜访那里的老朋友。 2.描述过去时间内连续发生的动作。
The professor put one finger in his mouth, tasted it, and smiled with satisfaction.
教授把一个手指放进嘴里，吮了一下，满意地笑了。
He opened his eyes, put on his clothes quickly and jumped down from the bed.
他一睁开眼睛，就迅速穿上衣服，从床上跳了下来。【温馨提示】
在before和after引导的时间状语从句中，若表示两个过去的动作相继发生，都用一般过去时表示，前一个动作不必用过去完成时。
Henry visited New York before he left for Washington.
亨利去华盛顿之前游览了纽约市。
He was here for only three days before his company sent him to Australia.
他在这里只待了三天，公司就派他去澳大利亚了。3.表示事先不知道或不记得，但现在已知道或记得的事情。
Sorry, I didn't know you were here.
不好意思，我不知道你在这儿。(现在已经知道)
4.在时间、条件、让步状语从句中，若主句用了过去将来时，从句常用一般过去时表示过去将来的意义。
He said he would tell her about the news as soon as he met her.
他说他一见到她就把这个消息告诉她。
He told me he would go to the zoo if it was fine the next day.
他告诉我，如果第二天天气好的话，他将去动物园。(1)—The food here is nice enough.
—My friend (introduce) me a right place.
解析 句意：——这里的食物不错。——我的朋友给我介绍了一个好地方。introduced(2)—Oh, it's you, Mrs Johnson! I (not recognize) you.
—I've just changed my hairstyle and I am wearing a new dress.
解析 句意：——噢，是你啊，约翰逊太太！我(刚才)没认出你来。——我刚换了发型，还穿着新裙子。由语境可知，not recognize的动作发生在对话之前，即过去的事实，故应用一般过去时。didn't recognize二、过去进行时的用法
1.表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作，由“was/were＋现在分词”构成。
She was watching TV at six yesterday evening.
昨晚六点她正在看电视。
He was preparing his lecture all day yesterday.
昨天他一整天都在准备他的演讲。
2.表示动作在另一过去动作发生时进行。
He was reading a novel when I came in.
当我进来时，他正在看小说。 3.表示过去计划好或安排好的将来动作(只限于come, go, leave, arrive, start, move, sail, fly, travel, stay等)。
He said she was arriving the next day.
他说她将第二天到达。
4.与always, forever, constantly, continually连用，表示赞赏或厌恶等感彩。
Comrade Lei Feng was always thinking of others. He never thought of himself first.
雷锋同志总是先想着他人，而不是自己。(3)—Why on earth didn't you answer my phone just now?
—Sorry, but the doorbell (ring) too.
解析 句意：——刚才你到底为什么不接我的电话？——对不起，可是当时门铃也在响。根据句意可知是当对方打电话的同时，有人按门铃，所以应用过去进行时。was ringing(4)—Have you finished reading Jane Eyre?
—No. I (do) my homework all day yesterday.
解析 根据时间状语all day yesterday可知“昨天我一整天都在写作业”。表示在过去某个时间段正在进行的动作，应用过去进行时。was doing三、过去完成时的用法
过去完成时由“had＋过去分词”构成。用法如下：
1.过去完成时表示过去某一动作以前已经发生或完成了的动作(即表示“过去的过去”)。时间状语可用by, before等构成的短语，也可用时间状语从句或通过上下文的语境表示。
He said that he had been abroad for three years.
他说他在国外呆了3年。2.表示动作在过去某一时间之前开始，一直延续到过去的这一时间，而且还可能继续下去的动作，常用的时间状语有：by then, by the end of, by the time, until, before等。
Until then he had known nothing about it yet.
直到那时，他对此仍一无所知。
3.用在It was the first/ second/third...time that...句型中， that从句的谓语要用过去完成时。
This was the first time they had met in thirty－nine years.
这是39年里他们第一次见面。4.It was＋一段时间＋ since从句。since从句的谓语动词用过去完成时。
It was ten years since we had had such a wonderful time.
我们十年来从没这么高兴过。
5.表示愿望或打算一类的词，例如： intend, mean, hope, want, plan, suppose, expect, think等，其过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的意图或希望等，含有某种惋惜的情感。
I had intended to call on you yesterday, but I had an unexpected visitor.
昨天我本来打算去看你，但我这儿来了个不速之客。6.用在表示“一……就……”的句型中： Hardly/Scarcely/Barely had＋主语＋done...when...did...; No sooner had＋主语＋done...than...did...。
Hardly had she gone to bed when the bell rang.
她刚一上床铃就响了。(5)I was just going to move away the heavy case but someone
(do) it. Was it you?
解析 句意：我正打算挪走那个箱子，但是已经有人将它挪走了，是你吗？由句中的was可知，有人挪走箱子发生在“我”挪箱子之前，故用过去完成时。had done(6)—You didn't attend the party. What a pity! We had a good time that evening.
—I (intend) to go, but I had an unexpected visitor.
解析 根据语境可知原本的打算未能实现，聚会已经结束，“打算”应在聚会前，故用过去完成时。句意：——你没参加聚会，多遗憾呀！我们那晚玩得很高兴。——我原打算去的，可来了一位不速之客。had intended四、过去将来时
过去将来时表示从过去的观点来预计以后要发生的动作或存在的状态，这种时态常用于宾语从句中，主句常是一般过去时。
He always said that he would study hard at that time.
他总是说那时他将努力学习。将来时态一、一般将来时的用法
1.“will＋do”表示从现在来看以后要发生的动作或存在的状态，指事物的固有属性或必然趋势。
Fish will die without water.没有水鱼将会死。
2.shall＋do也可表示将来时态，但通常用于第一人称，而will可用于各种人称。
My birthday is coming. I shall be 18 years old.
我的生日快到了，我将要18岁了。3.“be going to＋动词原形”多用于口语中，表示“打算或计划要做某事”。此外，还可以表示说话人根据已有的事实或迹象，对未来进行推断。
They are going to meet outside the school gate.
他们打算在校门口见面。
【温馨提示】
be going to表将来，不能用在条件状语从句的主句中；而will则能，表意愿。
[辨析] If it is fine, we'll go fishing.(√)
If it is fine, we are going to go fishing.(×)4.“be about to＋动词原形”表示“即将……”因此，它不与表示时间的副词或时间状语连用。
The English evening is about to start.
英语晚会即将开始。
be about to do不与具体的时间状语连用，但可与when引导的时间状语从句连用，意为“正要做……突然/就在那时……”。
I was about to go out when the telephone rang.
我正要出去，电话铃突然响了。5.“be to＋动词原形”表示“按计划、安排即将发生的动作”，还可以表示“吩咐、命令、禁止”等。
There's to be a slide show this afternoon.
今天下午要放幻灯片。
You are to hand in your papers by 10 o'clock.
到10点你得交上试卷。①will还可用于表达说话时临时作出的决定。
—Sorry, I forgot to buy the book you need.
——很抱歉，我忘记买你要的那本书了。
—It doesn't matter. I will go myself.
——没关系。我自己去买吧。
②有些动词例如： go, come, begin, leave, arrive, return, take等，其一般现在时、现在进行时都可以表示按计划或安排将要发生的动作或状态。
I'm leaving for Tibet on Sunday.星期天我要去西藏。(1)—You've left the light on.
—Oh, so I have.I'll (go) and turn it off.
解析 句意：——你一直亮着灯。——哦，的确如此。我去关掉。go和后面的turn并列。go(2)—Ann is in hospital.
—Oh, really? I (not do) know. I will go and visit her.
解析 在听完第一个说话者的话之后，“我不知道Ann在住院”这个情况就已经成为过去，所以要用一般过去时。didn't二、将来进行时的用法
表示将来某个时刻或某一时段正在发生或进行的动作。其结构为： will/shall be doing。
I'll be talking with the professor at this time tomorrow.
明天这个时间我将正在和教授谈话。
He will be meeting Mary during Christmas.
在圣诞节期间他将与玛丽见面。
I'll be staying late at the office this evening.
今晚我将在办公室待到很晚。(3)Don't call me at eight o'clock tomorrow morning, for I
_____________(have) a meeting then.
解析 句意：明天上午8点钟别给我打电话，因为那时我正在开会。由语境可知，此处强调将来某一时间动作将正在进行，故用将来进行时。will be having三、将来完成时的用法
表示在将来某个时刻前已经完成或一直持续的动作，并对将来产生一定的影响。常与“by＋将来的某个时间”， when/before引导的时间状语从句连用。其结构为：will/shall have done。
We will have finished Senior Book 2 by the end of this term.
到本学期末我们将学完高中第二册。
By the time you get home I will have cleaned the house from top to bottom.
你到家时我将已把房子彻底打扫一遍了。 (4)By the time he leaves university, he (gain) work experience so long as he takes a part－time job.
解析 句意：只要他获得一份业余工作，到他大学毕业时，他将已经获得了工作经验。by the time...意为“到……时候”，常与完成时态搭配，此处表示“到他大学毕业的时候”，故应该用将来完成时。will have gained完成时行时完成进行时经常考查的是现在完成进行时和过去完成进行时
一、现在完成进行时
现在完成进行时表示一个动作开始于过去，一直持续到现在，并有可能延续下去。现在完成进行体是完成体和进行体的组合。因此，它具备完成体和进行体的一些因素，例如：它具备进行体的未完成性、暂时性、感彩等特点。
They have been living here for 10 years.
他们住在这里十年了。(从过去某一时间开始住，强调现在还住在这儿)
We've been discussing the matter several times this year.
我们今年已数次讨论那件事。(强调说话者“抱怨”的感彩)(1)Over the past decades, sea ice in the Arctic ________________
(decrease) as a result of global warming.
解析 根据时间状语over the past decades“在过去的几十年里”可知，这是一个自过去以来一直持续的动作，所以用完成进行时。句意：在过去几十年里，由于全球变暖，北极的海冰一直在减少。has been decreasing二、过去完成进行时
表示一个动作从过去某个时间开始，一直持续到另一个过去时刻，到那个时刻，这一动作可能刚结束，也可能仍在进行。
He had been living here before he went to New York.
他去纽约之前一直住在这里。(2)—Susan was happy like crazy!
—Oh, yes! Her parents approved of her adventurous trip to Africa that she (expect) for years.
解析 句意：——苏珊高兴得快疯啦！——哦，是的！她父母同意了她期盼多年的非洲冒险之旅。由题干语境分析，expect的动作发生在approved之前，并且expect的动作在过去的过去持续了一段时间，故应用过去完成进行时。had been expecting语态1.被动语态的构成
被动语态由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的，其变化形式如下表：(以do动词为例)
一般现在时：am/is/are＋done
一般过去时：was/were＋done
一般将来时：will/shall be＋done
现在进行时：am/is/are being＋done
过去进行时：was/were＋being＋done
现在完成时：have/has been＋done过去完成时：had been done
将来完成时：will/shall have been done
过去将来时：would/should be done
过去将来完成时：would/should have been done
现在完成进行时：have/has been being done
过去完成进行时：had been being done被动语态be字变，过去分词跟后面。用所给动词的正确语态填空
(1)In the near future, more advances in the robot technology
(make) by scientists.
(2)In the last few years thousands of films__________________
(produce) all over the world.
(3)All visitors to this village (treat) with kindness.
(4)The computer (repair) by tomorrow.
(5)They can't move into the house because it__________________
(paint) now. will be madehave been producedare treatedwill have been repairedis being painted2.被动语态的用法
(1)不知道谁是动作的执行者，或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者。
This jacket is made of cotton.这件上衣是棉料的。
(2)为了强调或突出动作的承受者或事件本身。
Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits.
要求参观者不可触摸展品。(3)在文章标题、广告、新闻中。
Girls wanted.招女工。
【温馨提示】 get＋过去分词可以表示被动，此结构比较口语化。
The patient got treated once a week.
那位病人一周得到一次治疗。歌诀：谁做的动作不知道，说出谁做的没有必要；动作承受者需强调，被动语态运用到。
[辨析] 我们学校也教俄语。
Our school also teaches Russian. (×)
Russian is also taught in our school. (√) (6)—Why does the lake smell terrible?
—Because large quantities of water (pollute).
解析 句意：——这湖水怎么这么难闻？——因为大量的水已经被污染了。large quantities of后面无论跟可数还是不可数名词，谓语动词都应用复数形式，水被污染了才难闻，故用现在完成时的被动式。have been polluted3.主动形式表达被动意义
(1)系动词(look, feel, taste, sound, smell, prove, seem, appear等)＋形容词或名词。
The dish tastes good.这菜味道不错。
(2)表示开始、结束、运动的动词(begin, finish, close, open, start, stop, shut，move, run等)。
The store closes at 6: 00 pm every day.
商店每天下午六点关门。
(3)表示主语的特点或特征的动词(read, write, sell, wash, wear, cut, lock, act, draw, drive, drink, eat, clean等)。 Books of this kind sell well.这类书很畅销。
The pen writes smoothly. 这支钢笔写起来很流畅。
(4)介词in, on, under等＋名词构成介词短语表示被动意义。 常见的有：
under control受控制
under treatment在治疗中
under repair在修理中
under discussion在讨论中
in print在印刷中
on show展出
The building is under construction.大楼正在建设中。 (5)want，require, need后面的动名词用主动形式表示被动含义。
Your coat needs washing.你的上衣需要洗洗了。
(6)be worth doing用主动形式表示被动含义。
This book is well worth reading.这本书很值得一读。
(7)在“be＋形容词＋ to do”中，不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语，用主动代被动。
This kind of water isn't fit to drink.
这种水不适合饮用。
The girl isn't easy to get along with.
这女孩不容易相处。1.be to blame(受谴责)，be to rent(出租)也用主动形式表被动。
2.被动形式表示主动意义的几种情况。
be seated坐着； be hidden躲藏； be lost迷路； be drunk喝醉； be dressed穿着
3.被动语态与系表结构的区别。
此处的系表结构指“连系动词＋用作表语的过去分词”结构，它与被动语态的形式完全一样。要注意它们的区别：
被动语态强调动作；系表结构表示主语的特点或状态。
The book was sold by a certain bookstore.(被动语态)
The book is well sold.(系表结构)完成下列句子
(7)—I'd like a pen which (write) well.
—Will this one do?
解析 句意：——我想要支好用的钢笔。——这支行吗？write作“be capable of being used for writing(指钢笔、 铅笔等)能用于书写，能使用”讲时，为不及物动词，不能用于被动语态。writes(8)He broke the window, so he (该受责备).
(9)The new car (属于) his brother.
(10)There is something wrong with his computer and it
(需要修理).
(11)The new novel written by Mo Yan is (值得一读).
(12)This kind of cake (尝起来美味) and_______ (销路好). was to blamebelongs toneeds repairingworth readingtastes delicioussells well4.使用被动语态时应注意的几个问题
(1)主动变为被动时双宾语的变化。
My friend gave me an interesting book on my birthday.
An interesting book was given to me (by my friend) on my birthday.
I was given an interesting book (by my friend) on my birthday.
(2)主动变为被动时，宾语成主语；(作补语的)不定式前需加to(位置不变)。
The boss made him work all day long.
He was made to work all day long (by the boss). (3)短语动词变被动语态时，勿要掉“尾巴”。
The children were taken good care of (by her).
Your pronunciation and spelling should be paid attention to.
(4)情态动词， be going to, be to, be sure to, have to 等结构变为被动语态时，只需将它们后面的动词原形变为be＋过去分词。
(5)当句子的谓语为say, believe, expect, think, know, write, consider, report等时，被动语态有两种形式：①谓语动词用被动语态，动词不定式作主补。②用it作形式主语，真正的主语在后面用主语从句来表示。句型转换
(13)My mother bought me a bike.
＝My mother a bike me.
＝A bike me.
(14)I let Tom do the job.
＝Tom the job.
(15)We should make full use of our time.
＝Our time should .
(16)We expect him to come on time.
＝He is expected .
＝It is expected that .Bought for was bought forwas let to do be made full use of To come on time He can come on time 5.不能用被动语态的几种情况。
(1)所有的不及物动词或不及物动词短语不能用于被动语态之中。
(2)表示状态的谓语动词，如： last, hold, contain, fit, cost等。
(3)表示归属的动词，如have, own, belong to等。 (4)表示“希望、意图”的动词，如： wish, want, hope, like, love, hate等。
(5)宾语是反身代词或相互代词时谓语动词用主动语态，不能用被动语态。
(6)宾语是同源宾语，不定式、动名词等谓语动词不用被动语态。
[辨析] 这座房子不属于我。
This house isn't belonged to me.(×)
This house doesn't belong to me.(√)易错点1 时间定位不准(2012·四川，9) —Did you catch what I said?
—Sorry. I (answer) a text message just now.
解析 句意：——你听懂我说的话了吗？——抱歉。我刚才正在回复一条短信。根据句意可知，第一个人说话时，“我”正在回复短信，所以没听懂对方的话，故用过去进行时态。was answering【即时小练】
(1)—Does your brother serve in the army?
—No, not now. But he (serve) in the army for 8 years.
解析 根据“No, not now.”，可以判断出空格处隐含的时间是“过去”，所以应选一般过去时。
(2)—Peter, where did you guys go for the summer vacation?
—We (be) busy with our work for months, so we went to the beach to relax ourselves.
解析 问句询问“彼得，过去你们那些人去什么地方过暑假了”，答语前半句说“度假之前已经有数月忙于工作”，动作发生在过去的过去，故用过去完成时。servedhad been以题说法
该题问句“Did you...”易误导学生将行为动作发生的时间定位为一般过去时，而just now又会加深误会，但此题根据问句定位时间是过去，而语境提示可知表示的是刚才对方说话时正在进行的动作。
突破指南
时态的问题实际上就是“时间”和“状态”的问题：先判断准这个动作发生的时间，然后确定在这个时间上此动作的状态，便可以确定时态了。对时间的判断，可以画一个以现在为原点的数轴，在数轴上找参照时间去判断。易错点2 时态语态顾此失彼It is reported that many a new house (build) at present in the disaster area.
解析 由at present可知，动词应用现在进行时，且与主语是动宾关系， 故用现在进行时的被动语态，主语是many a ＋名词单数，谓语动词用单数。is being built【即时小练】
(原创)Could I use your car please? Mine (repair) by the workers.is being repaired以题说法
该种题目难在既考查时态、语态，又考查主谓一致，多个考点置于同一个考题中，考生极易顾此失彼。容易忽略主谓一致和语态。所以综合考虑，用逐一排查时态语态是正确的做法。
突破指南
细心加耐心，时态语态综合考虑，也不能忽略主谓一致，可记住以下歌诀：
动词时态是难关，时间一定要先看；主语确定谓语数，动词变化不很难；短文会话观全局，单句无时判一般。易错点3 易混时态混淆(2012·辽宁，31)I feel so excited! At this time tomorrow morning I (fly) to Shanghai.
解析 句意：我觉得特别兴奋！明天早晨这个时候我就要飞往上海了。考查将来进行时。根据时间状语At this time tomorrow morning可知第二句表示明天早晨的这一时间点正在发生的事情，故用将来进行时。will be flying【即时小练】
(1)—You were not in when I dropped in on you yesterday evening.
—Oh, so sorry. I (wait) at the railway station for my sister from Beijing.
解析 根据语境可以判断出空格处隐含的时间是“过去”，又因为强调当时的情景，所以选过去进行时。was waiting(2)(原创)—Hi, Mary! When did you come here?
—Last weekend. I (experience) a different culture since then.
解析 根据语境Mary自从上周末到了以后一直经历着不同的文化，而且现在并未离开，所以还将继续体验下去，故用现在完成进行时。have been experiencing以题说法
该题容易误用一般将来时，因为题干中的时间状语tomorrow morning会误导考生。但仔细看题干就会发现该题还有更具体的时间状语，强调的是将来某一时间点上进行的行为动作。
突破指南
易混时态辨析是高考英语试题中的常考题型，做好此类题的关键首先要能清晰判断易混时态的异同，如一般过去时和现在完成时，现在完成时和现在完成进行时，一般将来时和将来进行时的差别等。其次，在做题时要善于捕捉句子中所隐含的信息，明确动作行为发生的确切时间。易错点4 忽略固定句型或习惯用法(2013·陕西，17)Jim (watch) a late－night film at home when, right in the middle of a thrilling scene, the television went blank.
解析 句意：吉姆正在家里看一部午夜电影，就在看到一个恐怖场面时，电视黑屏了。根据固定结构sb was doing...when...，应用was watching。was watching【即时小练】
It is the first time that he (be) to Beijing.
解析 根据固定句式It‘s the＋序数词＋time that sb ＋完成时结构，主句谓语是is，从句用现在完成时。has been以题说法
该题容易误用过去时，因为题干中“the television went blank”易误导考生判断所选谓语动词是发生在过去的连续动作而选择一般过去时，但忽略了sb was doing...when sth happened是固定结构。突破指南
熟记固定句式时态，仔细分析题干结构。附常见固定句式的时态：
(1)It is the first/second/... time that sb have/has done.
(2)It was the first/second/... time that sb had done...
(3)sb was/were doing sth when... did...
(4)It's high time that sb did/...should do...
(5)Hardly/Scarcely had sb done sth when sb did...
(6)No sooner had sb done sth than sb did... is standingseeswill bewill grow完成短文后，你能否对此加以扩展，写一篇80词左右的小短文？
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2015～2011年各省市高考题(改编)
用所给单词的适当形式填空
1.(2015·江苏，30)The real reason why prices (be), and still are, too high is
complex, and no short discussion can satisfactorily explain this problem.
解析 句意：价格过去和现在仍然过高的原因是复杂的，没有简短的讨论可以令人满意地解释这个问题。根据and still are可以推断出空白处是对过去时态的考查。
答案 were
2.(2015·湖南，22)As you go through this book, you (find)that each of the
millions of people who lived through World War Ⅱ had a different experience.
解析 句意：在你浏览这本书时，你会发现经历二战的数百万人的经历各不相同。as引导时间状语从句，意思是“当……的时候”，在从句中使用的是一般现在时，所以主句使用一般将来时，即所谓“主将从现”，主句使用一般将来时，从句使用一般现在时。
答案 will find
3.(2015·湖南，25)I wasn't able to hide my eagerness when I (ask), “What
do you wish me to do now？”
解析 句意：在我问“现在你想让我干什么？”时，我无法掩饰自己的迫切心情。从句中的时态应该和主句中的时态保持一致，而不是和直接引语中的时态保持一致。
答案 asked
4.(2015·湖南，28)He must have sensed that I (look)at him.He suddenly
glanced at me and said quietly, “Why are you staring at me like that？”
解析 句意：他一定是感到了我在看他。他突然瞥了我一眼，然后平静地说：“为什么这样盯着看我？” must have done是对过去情况的推测，that后面应该使用过去时，在根据后面“为什么这样盯着看我？”所使用的时态为进行时，可知此处为过去进行时。
答案 was looking
5.(2015·湖南，32)I had a strong desire to reach in and play with the toy, but
(hold)back thankfully by the shop window.
解析 句意：我有一种强烈的进去玩玩具的冲动，但是幸亏被橱窗拦住了。前面had 是一般过去时，此处是并列谓语，也应该使用一般过去时；hold back和主语I之间是被动关系，所以使用被动语态。
答案 was held
6.(2015·北京，22)—Did you enjoy the party?
—Yes.We (treat)well by our hosts.
解析 句意：——你们聚会玩得快乐吗？——是的，主人招待我们很好。根据上一句中的did可知用一般过去时；且we和treated是动宾关系，用被动语态。故该空用一般过去时的被动语态。
答案 were treated
7.(2015·北京，26)In the last few years, China (make)great achievements in
environmental protection.
解析 句意：在最近的几年里，中国在环境保护方面已经取得了巨大的成就。由“in the last few years”可知，此处应用现在完成时。
答案 has made
8.(2015·北京，27)—Did you have difficulty finding Ann's house?
—Not really.She ( give)us clear directions and we were able to find it easily.
解析 句意：——你们找到安的家有困难吗？——真的没有，她已经给了我们清晰的说明，我们能够很容易地找到它。由句意可知give这一动作发生在“我们找安的家之前”，故用过去完成时。
答案 had given
9.(2015·北京，30)—Dr.Jackson is not in his office at the moment.
—All right.I (call)him later.
解析 句意：——Dr.Jackson现在不在他的办公室里。——好的，过一会儿我再给他打电话。由句中的later可知此处要用一般将来时。
答案 will call
10.(2015·浙江，8)Albert Einstein was born in 1879.As a child, few people guessed
that he (go)be a famous scientist whose theories would change the world.
解析 句意：爱因斯坦出生于1879年。小时候，几乎没有人想到他会成为一个其理论将会改变世界的科学家。根据语境可知，此处要用过去将来时。
答案 was going to
11.(2015·重庆，1)—Is Peter coming?
—No, he (change)his mind after a phone call at the last minute.
解析 句意：——彼特要来吗？——不，当接到一个电话后，他最后时刻改变了主意。句中的after a phone call at the last minute 表明动作发生在过去，故用一般过去时。
答案 changed
12.(2015·重庆，13)In my hometown, there is always a harvest supper for the farmers
after all the wheat (cut).
解析 句意：在我的家乡，当所有的小麦被收割完后，总有举行一个丰收晚宴。表示动作在前，要用完成时，且the wheat与动词cut之间为动宾语关系，故要用被动语态。after引导时间状语从句，在条件或时间状语从句中要用现在完成时代替将来完成时。
答案 has been cut
13.(2015·陕西，22)Marty (work)really hard on his book and he thinks he'll
have finished it by Friday.
解析 句意：马蒂一直以来真的是很努力地写这本书，他认为他到星期五就能写完了。考查时态。他的书还没有写完，现在正在努力写，用现在完成进行时表示过去到现在一直持续的动作，并且很有可能还要持续下去。
答案 has been working
14.(2015·陕西，24)At college，Barack Obama didn't know that he (become)
the first black president of the United States of America.
解析 句意：大学的时候，奥巴马不知道他要成为美国的第一位黑人总统。考查动词时态。注定成为，需要用was to become；主句是一般过去时，从句也可以用过去将来时。
答案 was to become/would become
15.(2015·四川，4)More expressways (build) in Sichuan soon to promote the
local economy.
解析 考查时态。句意：四川将建设更多的高速公路以促进当地的经济(发展)。根据时间状语soon可知，此空为将来时的被动形式。
答案 will be built
16.(2015·天津，6)Jane can't attend the meeting at 3 o'clock this afternoon because she
(teach)a class at that time.
解析 句意：琼不能参加今天下午3点钟的会议，因为那时她将在上课。考查将来进行时。时间状语at that time指的是前面的at 3 o'clock this afternoon，表示将来某个时刻正在做某事，要用将来进行时。
答案 will be teaching
17.(2015·天津，9)Despite the previous rounds of talks, no agreement
(reach)so far by the two sides.
解析 句意：尽管之前进行了几次谈判，但到目前为止双方没达成任何协议。考查现在完成时的被动语态。根据时间状语so far可知此处要用现在完成时，主语agreement与动词reach之间为动宾关系，故要用现在完成时的被动形式。
答案 has been reached
18.(2015·安徽，24)Just as I got to the school gate, I realised I (leave)my
book in the cafe.
解析 句意：我刚一到学校门口，就意识到我把书落在餐馆了。考查动词的时态。realized后省略了that，这里是一个宾语从句，从句时态与主句保持一致，“落下”的动作发生在“意识到”之前，应该用过去完成时。
答案 had left
19.(2015·安徽，29)It is reported that a space station (build)on the moon in
years to come.
解析 句意：据报道， 未来几年将在月球上建造空间站。 考查动词的时态和语态。根据in years to come可知该题应为将来时态，再者station和build之间构成被动关系，故用将来时的被动语态。
答案 will be built
20.(2015·福建，26)To my delight, I (choose)from hundreds of applicants
to attend the opening ceremony.
解析 句意：令我高兴的是，我被从好几百人中选出参加这次开幕式。考查动词的时态语态。我被选中，应该用被动语态。
答案 was chosen
21.(2015·福建，30)—Where is Peter? I can't find him anywhere.
—He went to the library after breakfast and (write)his essay there ever since.
解析 句意：——彼得去哪儿了？我到处找不到他。——他早饭后去了图书馆，从那之后，一直在那里写论文。考查时态。根据句意，可以看出早饭之后，彼得一直在持续写的动作，很有可能现在还在持续，故用现在完成进行时。
答案 has been writing
22.(2014·安徽，23)The twins，who (finish) their homework，were allowed
to play badminton on the playground.
答案 had finished
23.(2014·北京，22)—Hi，let's go skating.
—Sorry，I'm busy right now.I (fill) in an application form for a new job.
答案 am filling
24.(2014·北京，31)—What time is it?
—I have no idea.But just a minute，I (check) it for you.
答案 will check
25.(2014·大纲全国，22)Unless extra money (find)，the theatre will close.
答案 is found
26.(2014·福建，23)—Haven't seen you for ages! Where have you been?
—I went to Ningxia and (stay) there for one year，teaching as a volunteer.
答案 stayed
27.(2014·湖南，28)Since the time humankind started gardening，we (try) to
make our environment more beautiful.
答案 have been trying
28.(2014·江苏，23)—How much do you know about the Youth Olympic Games to be
held in Nanjing?
—Well，the media (cover) it in a variety of forms.
答案 have covered
29.(2014·山东，1)Writing out all the invitations by hand was more time－consuming
than we (expect).
答案 had expected
30.(2014·山东，5)They made up their mind that they (buy) a new house
once Larry changed jobs.
答案 would buy
31.(2013·北京，28)Hurry up! Mark and Carol (expect) us.
答案 are expecting
32.(2013·辽宁，30)We are confident that the environment (improve) by
our further efforts to reduce pollution.
答案 will be improved
33.(2012·四川，11)They are living with their parents for the moment because their
own house (rebuild).
解析 句意：他们现在暂时和父母一起居住，因为他们自己的房子正在重建。根据句意可知，应使用现在进行时态，且house与动词rebuild之间为被动关系，故使用现在进行时态的被动语态。
答案 is being rebuilt
34.(2012·重庆，27)Food supplies in the flood－stricken area (run) out.We
must act immediately before there's none left.
解析 分析题干语境可知，食品供应即将耗尽。run out为不及物动词短语，不能使用被动形式，用现在进行时态，可以表示将来。
答案 are running out
35.(2011·辽宁，34)By the time Jack returned home from England, his son
(graduate) from college.
解析 句意：当杰克从英国返回家时，他的儿子已经大学毕业了。by the time到……时候为止，一般与完成时连用。且杰克的儿子大学毕业发生在杰克从英国返回家前，故用过去完成时。
答案 had graduated
课程标准要求中学生掌握常见的十种时态用法。近三年来各地试题考查最多的是一般过去时、过去完成时、过去进行时、现在完成进行时和现在完成时。高考中动词时态命题，每年每份试卷中都有2～3个小题，每小题均设置明确的语境。一般来说，命题人总是把易混淆或相近的时态放在一起，增加考题的难度。而被动语态的考点大都集中在被动语态的时态，近三年来考查最多的时态是现在完成时，其次是一般过去时。
