A组 三年模拟精选(2015～2013)(改编)
1.(2015·四川绵阳一诊)Not until I returned I realize that a quiet town life
was the best for me.
解析 考查倒装句。句意：直到回来，我才发现安静的小镇生活对我才是最好的。not until放在句首，后面的主句要倒装。因为谓语动词为实义动词realize，故要用助动词did并提到主语前面。
答案 did
2.(2015·临沂一模)It took years of work (reduce) industrial pollution and
clean the water.
解析 考查固定表达。句意：减少工业污染和净化污水需要多年的工作。这里是固定句式It takes (sb)＋some time ＋to do sth做某事花费(某人)多长时间，故要用动词不定式to reduce。
答案 to reduce
3.(2015·豫东十校期末)It asks you to act like water：to be flexible as well
strong.
解析 考查固定表达。句意：它要求你表现的像水一样灵活又有力。as well as和……一样。
答案 as
4.(2015·南昌联考)The (hard) you try to beat him，the more likely you will
get hit.
解析 考查固定表达。句意：你越是努力击败他，就越可能被击败。此处为“the＋比较级＋主谓，the＋比较级＋主谓”的句型，表示“越……就越……”。
答案 harder
5.(2015·兰州二模)Go to the village and buy some salt，but pay a fair price for it：
neither too much too little.
解析 考查固定表达。既不要太贵也不要太便宜。neither ...nor既不……也不……。
答案 nor
6.(2015·广东揭阳一中、潮州金山中学联考)They will be as difficult and painful
holding a hot potato.
解析 考查固定表达。他们将和拿着热土豆一样痛苦和困难。此处是“as＋形容词＋as”表示的同级比较句型。
答案 as
7.(2015·乌鲁木齐一中月考)He loved the 4th wife the most.He took great care of her
and gave her nothing the best.
解析 考查固定表达。他悉心照顾她，只给她最好的。nothing but只，仅仅。
答案 but
8.(2015·河南洛阳一高月考)And I'd like to know why Chinese people use
chopsticks. not knives and forks，like Americans?
解析 考查固定表达。我想知道为什么中国人用筷子，为什么不像美国人一样用刀叉呢？固定表达why not...为什么不……呢？
答案 Why
9.(2015·河北石家庄二中开学考)So long as we have some，that's enough.And we
can learn to spend money.
解析 考查固定表达。我们能学会如何花钱。learn后面跟的是“疑问词＋to do”结构。
答案 how
10.(2015·内蒙古师大附中月考)Sometimes hunger hit me so severely I
regarded dried sweet potato slices as delicious snack.
解析 考查固定表达。有时候饥饿感是如此强烈以至于我都把土豆片当作美味的点心。此处是结果状语从句，so...that...结构。
答案 that
11.(2015·内蒙古包钢一中月考)No.And that's not all.The bus was one hour
late.Worse ，it picked up passengers on the way to our destination.
解析 考查固定表达。worse still更糟糕的是。
答案 still
12.(2015·河北石家庄二中开学考)It's unnecessary and it's not important at all.We
needn't care about it.It is one's inner beauty matters.
解析 考查强调句型。重要的是内在美。根据结构可知此处是强调句型it is/was ＋被强调部分＋that/who ＋其他。此处强调的是主语one's inner beauty。
答案 that
13.(2015·海南中学月考)Yes，but it is not as easy you imagine.
解析 考查固定表达。not as...as 与……不一样。
答案 as
14.(2015·河南洛阳一高月考)Chopsticks may be made of any of the following
materials：bamboo，wood，gold，silver，ivory，or plastic，and they may be round or square.
解析 考查固定表达。……它们可能是圆形的也可能是方形的。either...or...或者……或者……。
答案 either
15.(2015·河南濮阳市二模)Radio has changed a lot since we were young.It used
be the major source of fun for the family.
解析 考查固定表达。used to do sth过去常常做某事 。收音机过去是家庭获得乐趣的主要方式，但现在已经不是了。
答案 to
16.(2014·辽宁瓦房店高级中学考前模拟)Tom：Yes.I think the underground is the
most convenient way to travel in London.
Mary：I think ，too.
解析 考查固定表达。I think so, too.我也是这么想的。
答案 so
17.(2014·甘肃天水一中诊断一)Smoking not only does harm to their health
to others.
解析 考查固定表达。抽烟不仅对自己的健康也对别人的健康有害。not only...but (also)...不仅……，而且……。
答案 but (also)
18.(2014·黑龙江大庆一中段考二)Caroline：I think it was interesting.
Joyce： do I.I hear Mike is likely to win all the prizes in the exams this year.
解析 考查固定表达。So do I.我也认为如此。
答案 So
19.(2014·黑龙江哈三中一模)To be honest，I really can't understand how
people depend on that way to make friends.It's kind of risky.
解析 考查固定表达。我不理解人们怎么依靠这种方式来交朋友。how come为什么，怎么会……(那样)。
答案 come
20.(2014·黑龙江佳木斯一中三模)As far as I (concern)，my suggestion is
that we should always have a notebook and a Chinese－English dictionary within easy reach.
解析 考查固定表达。as far as ... be concerned就……而言，根据主谓一致的原则可知要用am concerned。
答案 am concerned
21.(2014·广东肇庆二模)The more he thought about it，the (angry) he
became and soon he noticed the boy became angry too.
解析 考查固定表达。他越想就越生气。“the＋比较级＋主谓，the＋比较级＋主谓”越……越……。
答案 angrier
22.(2013·韶关月考)We were told that our rooms hadn't been reserved for that week，
for the week after.
解析 考查固定表达。我们被告知那周的房间没有预定上，而是定了后一周的房间。not...but...不是……而是……。
答案 but
23.(2013·珠海月考)I can understand why I shouldn't pay too much，Father，but if I
can pay less， not save a bit of money?
解析 考查固定表达。why not do sth？用来询问原因(有时表示一种不可理解的心情)，意为“为什么；为什么不……呢”。
答案 why
24.(2013·广州六校一模)Although it costs more to produce a typical
soccer ball，Jahnigen estimates the One World Futbol can last 30 years.
解析 考查比较结构。虽然它的生产成本比一个典型的英式足球更贵……。more...than...比……更……。
答案 than
B组 一年创新导向
1.(关注强调句型糅合其他从句的考查)—Where did you come across our Chinese
teacher?
—It was in the supermarket I purchased mooncakes.
解析 句意：——你是在哪里遇到我们语文老师的？——就是在我买月饼的那家超市里。答语是强调句式，省略了“that I came across our Chinese teacher”。“ I purchased mooncakes”是定语从句，空处在句中作地点状语，故用where。
答案 where
2.(关注副词置于句首的情况)Hearing the dog barking fiercely, away (flee)
the thief.
解析 句意：听到狗凶猛地叫，这个小偷逃走了。表示地点、方向或时间的副词位于句首时，句子用全部倒装。
答案 fled
3.(关注only＋状语置于句首的情况)Only after I lived abroad for a long time
(experience) different cultures so strongly.
解析 句意：只有我在国外生活了相当长一段时间后，我才强烈地感受到文化的差异。only修饰状语从句置于句首，主句用部分倒装；由only after引导的状语从句的时态可知，主句应用一般过去时。
答案 did I experience
4.(原创)Start out right away, you won't catch the first train.
解析 考查特殊句式的使用。句意：立刻动身，否则你将赶不上第一班火车。此题属于典型的“祈使句＋and/or＋一个表将来的简单句”句式。同时，由句意可知前后两句有转折关系。
答案 or
C组 语境对点演练
语篇填空
阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。
Passage 1
There 1 (be)a girl named Cinderella whose stepmother had two ugly and lazy daughters.Not only 2 they get good cares，but also they needed to do nothing.However， 3 by doing dirty housework could Cinderella get access to food；and seldom could she 4 (gain)some rest.Not 5 midnight was she allowed to go to bed.Poor 6 she was，she was very beautiful.One day，from the palace came 7 invitation，saying that the prince would choose his wife.Away went her stepmother and her stepsisters to the palace. Never had Cinderella 8 (be)permitted to go with them.“ 9 (be)I a princess，I would live a whole new life！”sighed Cinderella.No sooner had she sat down 10 a goddess appeared and gave her a smart dress，a cargo as well as horses.But she warned Cinderella that everything would disappear at 12 o'clock.When Cinderella arrived at the party， 11 attractive was cinderella that the prince only danced with her.Hardly had the clock stricken twelve 12 Cinderella began to run，and she left a crystal slipper on the stair.The prince's servant came to Cinderella's to find out the owner of the slipper.Cinderella's elder sister couldn't wear it. 13 could another sister.Not a word could anybody say when Cinderella wore the slipper perfectly.From then on she lived happily ever after with her prince.
【语篇导读】 灰姑娘每天都要做很多家务，而继母和她的女儿则整日欺负灰姑娘。王子举行选妃舞会，灰姑娘在仙女的帮助下，漂漂亮亮地参加了舞会，并最终成为了王妃。
1.解析 因There be句型为完全倒装，主语为a girl。
答案 was
2.解析 因not only...but(also)...连接两个并列分句，not only放句首，其后分句需要部分倒装；从前后语境看，get该用一般过去时，而get是原形，故前面应加助动词did。
答案 did
3.解析 从could Cinderella get这一部分倒装可以推断，前面是“Only＋状语(介词短语)”。
答案 only
4.解析 因seldom否定词放句首时，句子需要部分倒装，有情态动词could提到主语前面了，因此gain用动词原形。
答案 gain
5.解析 Not until...引导的状语从句的部分倒装。
答案 until
6.解析 因as，though引导让步状语从句，其表语poor提前了。
答案 as
7.解析 作地点状语的介词短语from the palace提前，句子用完全倒装，invitation(请柬)做主语，前面用不定冠词。
答案 an
8.解析 因否定词放句首时，句子需要部分倒装；这是过去完成时的被动语态，
故填been。
答案 been
9.解析 此处的Were I...＝If I were...表示与现在事实相反的假设。
答案 Were
10.解析 因no sooner...than...是固定句式。
答案 than
11.解析 因so...that...是固定句式。
答案 so
12.解析 因hardly...when...是固定句式。
答案 when
13.解析 灰姑娘的一个姐姐不适合，另一个姐姐也不适合，用neither表示前面所述一件事也不适合另一个人或物。
答案 Neither
Passage 2
Our school library, along with many other buildings，is very different from other schools'.There 1 (be)two computer rooms，three art rooms，a meeting room and a reading room in the library building.The number of the books 2 (be)large，and maybe there are 100，000 books in it.It is said that all the books cost our school 200，000 dollars.Maybe 200，000 dollars 3 (be)large to every student.In the era of knowledge explosion，the number of the students who 4 (have)a thirst for knowledge is increasing day by day.Nowadays，our library has been developed into a multifunctional building.There are 50 computers in it.Many a student 5 (like)to surf the Internet at weekends here and now you can see that my classmates，Mike and John 6 (play) computer games there.When you turn to another room，you will find that a professor and writer 7 (deliver)a speech.Each boy and each girl 8 (focus)on his interesting speech.Every time there is a wonderful speech，the audience always 9 (cheer) up.You are entering our art exhibition.A teacher with his students is at the room.On the wall 10 (be)100 pictures，which attract many students.An expert and teacher is explaining something important to us.
【语篇导读】 本文主要介绍学校图书楼功能室以及周末学生在里面的活动情况。
1.解析 因there be句型中be动词常与离其最近的主语保持一致。
答案 are
2.解析 主语是the number of＋名词的复数时，谓语动词用单数形式。
答案 is
3.解析 时间、金钱、距离、重量等的复数当一个整体来作主语时，谓语动词用
单数。
答案 is
4.解析 关系代词who，that，which等在定语从句中作主语时，谓语动词的数应
与句中先行词的数保持一致。
答案 have
5.解析 因many a＋名词作主语时，尽管意义上是复数，但因中心词是单数形式，
谓语动词也用单数形式。
答案 likes
6.解析 两个名词由and连接作主语时，谓语动词一般用复数。
答案 are playing
7.解析 当and连接的两个名词是指同一人时，谓语动词应该用单数形式。“a
professor and writer”意思是“一个教授兼作家”。
答案 is delivering
8.解析 用and连接的单数主语，前面有each，every，no等修饰时，谓语动词
要用单数形式。
答案 is focusing
9.解析 集体名词group，class，family，army，audience等作主语时，如果强调
集体，谓语动词用单数形式；如果强调个体，谓语动词用复数形式。
答案 cheer/cheers
10.解析 在主谓倒装的句子中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语保持一致。
答案 are
课件58张PPT。倒装句一、完全倒装
谓语动词完全置于主语之前的句子，便是完全倒装句，这类句型主要有四种：1.表示方式或方位的副词或介词短语： here, there, now, then, up, down, in, away, off, out, in the room, on the wall等，置于句首。
There goes the bell.铃响了。
On the table were some flowers.桌子上有一些花。当句子的主语由人称代词担当时，句子不倒装。
Here it is./Away they went. 2.such置于句首时
Such was Albert Einstein, a simple man and the 20th century's greatest scientist.这就是爱因斯坦，一个纯朴的人，也是20世纪最伟大的科学家。
【温馨提示】 此句型中的such多被认为是表语，所以，such后的be动词应与其后的“真正的主语”保持一致。
[辨析] 这就是他的临终遗言。
Such is his last words.(×)
Such are his last words.(√)3.“There be”句型
be动词可用“stand, live, exist, lie, remain, seem, appear”等来代替，其形式为：There＋谓语＋主语。
There stands a tower on the top of the mountain.
山顶有座塔。
There appear some black clouds in the sky.
空中布满乌云。
【温馨提示】 在“There be”句型中，be动词根据靠近be动词的名词的单复数来变化。例如：
There is a desk and two chairs in the room.
There are two chairs and a desk in the room.
房间里有一张桌子和两把椅子。 4.表语置于句首时
为了保持句子平衡或强调表语部分，可将作表语的形容词、分词、介词短语等置于句首，构成完全倒装形式，即：形容词/现在分词/过去分词/介词短语＋be＋主语。
Happy are those who are contented.
知足者常乐。
Present at the meeting were twenty teachers and thirty students.
20位老师和30位学生参加了会议。
Seated on the ground are a group of young people.
席地而坐的是一群年轻人。(1)For a moment nothing happened, then (come) voices all shouting together.
解析 考查倒装句式。当某些副词如then, now, here，there, up等置于句首时，句子要用完全倒装形式。句意：一时间，什么都没发生，之后大家一起大笑起来。came(2)判断正(√)误(×)
两扇窗户之间挂有一张画。
Between the two windows hang a picture.( )
Between the two windows hangs a picture.( )
分析 在主谓倒装的句子中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。例如：Here comes the bus.汽车来了。×√二、部分倒装
只把谓语的一部分(多为助动词、系动词be或情态动词)置于主语之前的句子，叫部分倒装句。这类句型主要有三种：
1.only修饰介词短语、副词或状语从句，且放在句首时。
Only then did he realize he was wrong.
直到那时他才意识到他错了。
Only in this way can we learn English well.
只有以这种方式，我们才能学好英语。【温馨提示】 (1)only修饰主语时，句子不可以倒装。
Only he can answer the question.
只有他能回答问题。
(2)only位于句首修饰状语从句时，主句倒装，从句不倒装。
[辨析] 只有他返回时，我们才查明真相。
Only when did he return we found out the truth.(×)
Only when he returned did we find out the truth.(√)2.否定副词或短语never, nor, not, hardly, little, seldom, at no time, by no means, in no case等置于句首时。
Never before have I seen such a moving film.
我以前从未看过这么感人的电影。
At no time will China be the first to use the nuclear weapons.
在任何情况下中国绝不会第一个使用核武器。 3.五个重要的固定句型：
(1)“so/neither/nor＋be/have/助动词/情态动词＋主语”表示“前一句中的内容也适合于另一人或另一事物”。
He came last night, so did I.
他昨晚来了，我也来了。
Lily can't ride, neither/nor can Lucy.
莉莉不会骑车，露西也不会。①如果表示对前面内容的肯定，不使用倒装句式。
—It is hot today.——今天天真热。
—So it is.——的确如此。
②此句型也可写成It is/was the same with＋主语或So it is/was with＋主语。
—Tom is clever and he works hard.
——Tom很聪明而且工作努力。
—So it is with Jack.
——Jack也是这样。(2)在“so＋adj./adv....that...”句型中，如果so＋adj./adv.置于句首，主句用部分倒装，that从句不倒装。
So clearly does he speak English that he can always make himself understood.他的英语说得如此清楚，以至于他总能让别人听懂。
(3)在“not only..., but(also)...”句型中，如果not only置于句首，需将not only引导的句子倒装，但but(also)引导的句子不倒装。
Not only will help be given to people to find jobs，but also medical treatment will be provided for people who need it.
不仅帮助人们找工作，而且会向需要的人提供医疗。(4)当“not until...”置于句首时，until从句的主谓不可倒装， 而只是主句需要倒装。
Not until he returned did we have supper.
直到他回来，我们才吃晚饭。
(5)在as引导的让步状语从句中，通常使用倒装语序(表语/状语/动词原形＋as＋主语)。
Child as he was, he made a living by himself.
尽管他是个孩子，他却自己谋生。Tired as he was, he still went on with his work.
尽管很累，他还是继续工作。
Try as he might, he didn't pass the exam.
尽管很用功，但他考试还是不及格。
【温馨提示】 如果是单数名词或形容词最高级作表语，不再用冠词。
Youngest as he is in our class, he speaks English best.
他虽然是我们班年龄最小的，但他英语说得最好。完成句子
(3)(2011·新课标全国，28)Only when he reached the tea－house
(realize) it was the same place he‘d been in last year.
(4)(2012·辽宁，32)Not until he retired from teaching three years ago (consider) having a holiday abroad. did he realizedid he consider强调句1.强调句型
(1)强调句型的结构与基本用法。
“It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他成分”为强调句型的结构。被强调的成分可以是主语、宾语和状语，但不能是定语或谓语。所强调的可以是单词、短语，也可以是从句，但结构必须完整。被强调的部分指人时，用who或that皆可；指事物或情况时，通常用that。
It was he that broke the window.
是他打破了窗子。(主语)It was her that we met at the school gate.
我们在校门口遇到的正是她。(宾语)
It was in the park that Tom lost his watch.
汤姆是在公园里丢了他的手表的。(状语)
(2)强调句型的问句形式。
①强调句型的一般疑问句只需把is(was)提前。
Is it Professor Wang who teaches you English?
是王教授教你英语的吗？②强调句型的特殊疑问句，只需在一般疑问句前加上疑问词。
Who was it that broke the window?
打破窗子的是谁？
When was it that you called me yesterday?
你昨天打电话给我是什么时候？
(3)含有not...until...的强调句型。
其强调句式为：It is/was not until＋被强调的部分＋that＋其他成分。
It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I recognized her.直到摘下墨镜，我才认出她。【温馨提示】 强调句型It is(was)后面的人称代词若是从句中的主语， is/was的后面应当用主格形式。倘若这一人称代词是从句的宾语，则用宾格形式。
It was him who(whom)I saw yesterday.
我昨天见到的正是他。
It was him who broke the window.(×)
It was he who broke the window.(√)
是他打破了窗户。2.谓语动词的强调
如果需要强调谓语时，用助动词do, does或did。
Do come this evening.今晚一定要来。
He did write to you last week.上周他的确写信给你了。
Tom does study hard now.现在汤姆学习真的很努力。用适当词填空
(1)(2011·陕西，23)It is not how much we do but how much love we put into what we do benefits our work most.
解析 句意：能给我们的工作带来最大益处的不是我们做了多少，而是我们对于自己所做的事情付出了多少爱。考查强调句型。被强调部分为句子的主语not how much we do but how much love we put into what we do，故用that。that(2)(2012·重庆，32)It was 80 years before Christopher Columbus crossed the Atlantic Zheng sailed to East Africa.
解析 考查强调句型。句子虽然比较长，但是其主干为强调句型，是对“80 years before Christopher Columbus crossed the Atlantic”进行了强调，由此可知，空白处应该填写“that”。that省略句一、状语从句中的省略现象
1.当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致，从句谓语动词中又含有动词be时，可以省略状语从句的主语和系动词be，这时从句中可出现如下结构：
(1)连词(as, as if, once)＋名词
Once (he was) a teacher, he now works in a government office.从前他曾当过老师，现在他在政府部门工作。
(2)连词(though, whether, when)＋形容词
Work hard when (you are) young, or you'll regret.
年轻时努力工作，否则你会后悔的。(3)连词(whether, as if, while)＋介词短语
He looked everywhere as if (he was) in search of something.
他到处看好像在找什么东西。
(4)连词(when, while, though)＋现在分词
While (I was) walking along the street, I heard my name called.当我沿着马路走时，听到有人喊我的名字。 (5)连词(when, if, even if, unless, once, until, than, as)＋过去分词
The exhibition is more interesting than (it was) expected.
展览比预料的更有趣。
(6)连词(as if, as though)＋不定式
He opened his lips as if (he were) to speak.
他张开嘴好像要说话。
2.当从句的主语是it，谓语动词中又含有系动词be时，可以把it和系动词一起省略。此时构成“连词(if, unless，when, whenever)＋形容词”的结构。Unless (it is) necessary, you'd better not refer to the dictionary.除非有必要，你最好不要查词典。
另外，我们还可以用so或not代替上文内容，此时可用if＋so/not省略句式。
Get up early tomorrow. If not (you don't get up early), you will miss the first bus.
明天早点起。否则(如果不那样)，你会错过头班车的。
He may not be at home then, if so (he is not at home), leave him a note.
那时他可能不在家。如果那样，就给他留个纸条。(1)Though (surprise) to see us, the professor gave us a warm welcome.
解析 前半句是“Though he was surprised to see us”的省略形式。一般情况下，如果状语从句的主语与主句的主语相同，并且从句的谓语含有be动词，常省略状语从句中的主语和be动词。
(2)(2011·江苏， 33)It sounds like something is wrong with the car's engine. (如果这样的话), we'd better take it to the garage immediately.surprisedIf so二、不定式的省略现象
在一定的上下文中，为了避免重复，有时不定式可以省略，但通常保留不定式符号to。
1.代替动词不定式后被省略掉的动词，常在be afraid, expect, forget, hope, intend, like, love, mean, prefer, refuse, seem, try, want, wish等后面。
I asked him to see the film, but he didn't want to.
我叫他去看电影，但他不想去。
2.在have, need, ought, be going, used等后面。
I didn't want to go there, but I had to.
我不想去那儿，但不得不去。3.在某些形容词 glad, happy, pleased, delighted, afraid, willing, eager等后面。
—Will you join in the game？——你想一起做游戏吗？
—I'd be glad to.——好的。
4.否定形式的省略用not to。
—Shall I go instead of him？——我要代替他去吗？
—I prefer not to.——我宁愿不。
5.如果省略的不定式结构中含有be, have, have been，则要保留这些词。
—Are you monitor of our class？——你是我们的班长吗？
—No, but I'd like to be.——不，但是我想当。(3)—What's the matter with Della?
—Well, her parents wouldn't allow her to go to the party, but she still (希望如此).hopes to祈使句、感叹句及其他句式Work hard and you will succeed.
努力工作你就会成功。
More time and I will do it better.
给我更多时间，我能做得更好。2.感叹句
基本构成形式：(1)What (a/an)＋形容词＋名词＋主语＋谓语！
(2)How＋形容词＋a/an＋可数名词单数＋主语＋谓语！
(3)How＋形容词/副词＋主语＋谓语！
What a clever boy he is！＝How clever the boy is!
多聪明的男孩啊！
What beautiful flowers these are！＝How beautiful these flowers are!
这些花多美丽啊！
How high the mountain is！这山真高啊！3.There be句型的非谓语形式
There being no bus, we had to walk home.
没有公交车了，我们不得不走路回家。
I expect there to be many chances for him to get a job.
我希望他有很多找到工作的机会。
There having been no water for 2 days, the travelers were all very thirsty.已经两天没有水了，这些游客们口渴得很厉害。(1)判断正(√)误(×)
多好的姑娘啊！
How a nice girl she is！( )
What a nice girl she is！/How nice a girl she is！( )
分析 此感叹句中强调的是名词，what引导感叹句。如感叹句中要强调的是形容词或副词，那么就要用how来搭配。如：How disappointed Jenny was！詹妮多么失望啊！
(2)(2013·福建，22)Don't turn off the computer before closing all programs (否则) you could have problems.×√or主谓一致1.就近一致原则和就远原则
(1)由or, not only...but also..., neither...nor...，either...or...，whether...or...，not...but...等连接两个或两个以上的并列主语时，通常根据就近一致原则，谓语动词要与离它最近的主语在数上保持一致。
Neither his parents nor I am able to persuade him to change his mind.
我和他的父母都不能使他改变主意。(2)here/there引导一个句子而主语又不止一个时， 通常根据就近原则，谓语动词要与离它最近的主语在数上保持一致。
Here is a ruler, a few pencils and two books.
这里有一把尺子，几支铅笔和两本书。
(3)“名词＋with, along with, together with, as well as, rather than, but, except等＋名词”结构作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式与第一个名词保持一致。
Tom as well as two of his friends was invited to the party.
汤姆以及他的两个朋友一起被邀请参加聚会了。2.意义一致原则
(1)谓语动词必须用单数的情况
①表示学科的名词以及works(工厂)，news(消息)等作主语时，虽然本身为复数形式，但表示单数意义时，谓语动词仍用单数。
Politics is his favorite subject.政治是他最喜欢的学科。
②表示某些组织机构的名词、书/报名、国名、地名等作主语时，虽然形式上是复数，但所表示的意义是单数，所以谓语动词用单数。
Do you know when the United Nations was set up?
你知道联合国是什么时间建立的吗？(2)谓语动词必须用复数的情况
表示总称意义的名词，如people, police, public, cattle等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
The police are searching for the murderer.
警察正在搜捕杀人犯。
(3)谓语动词的形式依据主语表示的意义而定
①集体名词，如family, class, group, team, club，company, government, population等作主语时，谓语动词的形式根据其在语境中表示的意义而定。当其表示集体意义，强调整体概念时，谓语动词用单数；当其表示集体中各个组成部分，强调个体概念时，谓语动词用复数。As far as I know, his family is not very large but the family are all music lovers.据我所知，他的家族很大，但是每个家庭成员都是音乐爱好者。
②“the＋形容词/分词”表示“一类人”时，谓语动词用复数。
The poor were looked down upon in the old days.
在古时候，穷人被人瞧不起。3.语法一致原则
(1)由and连接的两个名词作主语
①“a/the＋名词单数＋and＋名词单数”表示一个人(双重身份)，谓语动词用单数。
The teacher and poet often gives lectures around the city.
这位老师兼诗人经常在城市周边做报告。
②“a/the＋名词单数＋and＋ a/the＋名词单数”表示两个人，谓语动词用复数。
The teacher and the poet have just arrived.
这位老师和这位诗人刚刚到达。③“every＋名词单数＋and＋ every＋名词单数”表示每一个人，谓语动词用单数。
Every boy and every girl has the right to receive education in our country.
在我们国家每个男孩和女孩都有权利接受教育。
④通常由两个部件组成的物品如：a knife and fork (一副刀叉)等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
Bread and butter is not to his taste.
面包和黄油不合他的口味。(2)表示时间、数量、长度及价格的名词，尽管有时是复数形式但常被看作是一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式。
Is fifty pounds enough？50磅够吗？
(3)“分数/百分数＋of＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词的形式根据of后的名词的形式来定，如果名词是可数名词复数，谓语动词用复数形式；如果名词是单数可数名词或不可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式。
Two－thirds of the books are about science.三分之二的书是与科学相关的。
Only 30% of the work was done yesterday. 昨天只有30%的工作被完成了。(4)当“a number of＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数；当“the number of＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
A number of new houses have been built there.
在那儿已建起许多新房子。
The number of the people who know the secret is very limited.
知道这个秘密的人数很有限。(5)“large amounts of＋不可数名词”作主语，谓语动词用复数；“large quantities of＋不可数名词/复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
Large amounts of money are being invested in the local market.
大量的资金正被投入到当地的市场上。
Large quantities of materials were spent on the building.
建这个大楼耗费了大量的材料。
(6)“many a/more than one＋单数名词”作主语时，尽管其意义是复数概念，但它的谓语动词仍用单数。
More than one person is involved in the matter.
不止一个人卷入到这件事中。 (7)定语从句中的谓语动词的单复数形式与先行词的单复数形式保持一致。
①one of＋复数名词＋关系代词＋动词复数形式。
The Great Wall is one of the world－famous buildings that draw lots of visitors.
长城是吸引大批游客的世界著名建筑之一。
②the (only) one of＋复数名词＋关系代词＋动词单数形式。
The Great Wall is the only one of the buildings on the earth that is seen from the moon.
长城是地球上唯一一个能从月球上看到的建筑物。用所给词的适当形式填空
(1)The writer and translator (be) delivering a speech in our school now.
(2)He or I (be) to go.
(3) (be) not only the students but also their teacher required to attend the meeting?
(4)Ten years (be) a moment in history.
(5)A third of his compositions (have) been corrected. isamAreishave(6)(2013·北京， 23)The famous musician, as well as his students，
(invite) to perform at the opening ceremony of the 2012 Taipei Flower Expo.
解析 本题考查主谓一致。句意：这个著名的音乐家和他的学生被邀请在2012年的台北花展上演出。主语是The famous musician, as well as连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词采用就前原则；2012 Taipei Flower Expo是一个过去的时间，动作已经发生，和现在没有关系，用一般过去时。was invited(7)(2013·上海，39)Among the crises that face humans (be) the lack of natural resources.
解析 考查倒装和主谓一致。句意：自然资源的缺乏是人类面临的危机之一。根据介词短语不可以做主语的原则，可判断出这是一个倒装句，主语为the lack of natural resources，中心词为lack，所以用单数的is。is易错点1 not until的误用Not until the motorbike looked almost new (他才停下) repairing and cleaning it.
解析 not until放在句首，句子应用部分倒装结构。did he stop【即时小练】
改写句子：直到昨天晚上，他才回家。
A：He didn't return home until last night.
B：Not until last night . did he return home以题说法
not until结构用于倒装句型中的主要形式为： Not until＋表示时间的词或从句＋部分倒装结构。该结构有如下特点：(1)not until...部分位于句首；(2)部分倒装结构中无否定性结构；(3)当until后接从句时，且not until...位于句首时，那么主句要倒装，从句不倒装(如本题)。
突破指南
学生应熟记倒装的一些常用词，了解其使用规则，做到“有法可依”。易错点2 省略问题的误区In my opinion, life in the twenty－first century is much easier than (过去).
解析 考查英语中动词不定式省略。当动词不定式中有be动词或have时，应对其进行保留。it used to be【即时小练】
判断正(√)误(×)
(1)我叫他去看电影，但是他不想去。
I asked him to see the film, but he didn't want to.( )
I asked him to see the film, but he didn't want to see.( )
(2)——他还没完成。
——他早该完成了。
—He hasn't finished yet.
—Well, he ought to.( )
—Well, he ought to have.( )√××√以题说法
分析句子结构可知， it指代前面提到过的名词life, used to be表示“过去……”；当动词不定式中有be动词或have 时，要对其进行保留；而在其他情况下保留到不定式符号to即可。
突破指南
省略在高中英语中比较常见，学生应该分清句子结构，再根据具体的省略的原则去做题。先翻译下面的句子，然后连成一篇50词左右的小短文。
1.宋祖英是一位著名的歌唱家，在某些方面她对民族音乐有重大影响。(in some ways，have an effect on)
2.每次举办音乐会，观众都被她的优秀歌唱迷住。(impress)
3.因为出色的表演，她曾获得许多奖项。(award)
4.年轻歌手从她那里学到了很多东西。(learn from)
5.宋祖英决心为中国音乐的发展作出更大的贡献。(make a contribution to)【参考范文】
Song Zuying is a famous musician, who has a great effect on the folk music in some ways.Every time a concert is held, the audience are impressed by her brilliant singing. She has won a lot of awards for her outstanding performance. Some young singers have learned a lot from her. Song Zuying has decided to make a greater contribution to the development of Chinese music.
2015～2011年各省市高考题(改编)
完成下列句子
1.(2015·天津，3)Only when Lily walked into the office that she
had left the contract at home.
当莉莉走进办公室时，她才意识到她把合同忘在家里了。
答案 did she realize
2.(2015·湖南，23)Only after talking to two students that having
strong motivation is one of the biggest factors in reaching goals.
只有在和两个学生交谈之后，我才发现拥有强烈的动机是达成目标的最重要的因素之一。
答案 did I discover
3.(2015·湖南，21)It was when we were returning home I
realized what a good feeling it was to have helped someone in trouble.
我们在回到家时才意识到帮助有困难的人是多么的令人高兴。
答案 that
4.(2015·湖南，24)Video games can be a poor influence if (leave)in the
wrong hands.
答案 left
5.(2015·湖南，31)Always (keep)in mind that your main task is to get this
company running smoothly.
答案 keep
6.(2014·大纲，26) the nurses want a pay increase，they want
reduced hours as well.
护士们不仅想涨工资，而且还想减少工作时间。
答案 Not only do
7.(2014·陕西，17)No sooner stepped on the stage than the
audience broke into thunderous applause.
莫言一登上舞台，观众就报以雷鸣般的掌声。
答案 had Mo Yan
8.(2014·湖南，29)Only when you can find peace in your heart
good relationships with others.
只有当你在内心中找到宁静，你才能与他人保持良好的关系。
答案 will you keep
9.(2014·北京，24) carefully if any change occurs when doing
experiments in the lab.
在实验室做实验时要仔细观察是否有变化发生。
答案 Observe
10.(2014·福建，29)It was the culture，rather than the language，
made it hard for him to adapt to the new environment abroad.
是文化而不是语言使得他很难适应国外的新环境。
答案 that
11.(2014·重庆，10)—I spent two weeks in London last summer.
—Then you must have visited the British Museum during your stay，
you?
——去年夏天我在伦敦度过了两周。
——那你呆在伦敦期间一定参观了大英博物馆，是吗？
答案 didn't
12.(2014·四川，3)Was it because Jack came late for school
Mr.Smith got angry?
史密斯先生很生气是因为杰克上学迟到吗？
答案 that
13.(2014·海南，33)It's not doing the things we like，but liking the things we have to
do makes life happy.
不是做我们喜欢的事情，而是喜欢我们必须做的事情才能使生活愉快。
答案 that
14.(2014·湖南，21)Children，when by their parents，are allowed
to enter the stadium.
由家长陪伴时，孩子们才被允许进入体育场。
答案 accompanied
15.(2013·新课标全国Ⅱ，10) It was (只有他读了那些
文件后) Mr.Gross realized the task before him was extremely difficult to complete.
答案 only after he had read the papers that
16.(2013·新课标全国Ⅱ，12) Only by increasing the number of doctors by 50
percent (病人能够被治疗) properly in this hospital.
答案 can the patients be treated
17.(2013·江苏，27) “Never for a second，” the boy says，“ (我
怀疑) that my father would come to my rescue.”
答案 did I doubt
18.(2013·辽宁，26) At no time (他们违反了规则)the
rules of the game.It was unfair to punish them.
答案 did they break the rules
19.(2013·上海) (看那些图片)，illustrations，titles and headings
and you can guess what the reading is about.
答案 Look at the photos
20.(2012·四川，3)—Goodbye，John.Come back again sometime.
—Sure. (我会的).
答案 I will
特殊句式比较杂乱，掌握起来有一定的难度。主要涉及倒装句、强调句的考查，祈使句、省略句和感叹句也时常出现。近三年的高考题更加注重考查知识之间的交叉现象，如在考查强调句型的同时考查定语从句，把省略、强调句型与时间状语从句、地点状语从句的考查等融合在一起，考查考生综合把握语言知识的能力。
