2024届北京市大兴区高三下学期5月英语查漏补缺题练习（含答案）

大兴区2023～2024学年度第二学期 查漏补缺题
高三英语
第一部分 知识运用(共两节, 30分)
第一节 完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
(1)
Kim Stemple, a special-education teacher, faced terrible diseases during her stay in a Boston hospital. While wrestling with depression in her hospital room，Stemple received an unexpected present from a friend: a medal.
Before Stemple got too sick to 1 , she had been a marathon runner and the medal brought back her racing memories. It served as a much-needed pick-me-up, 2 her of the strength and perseverance she once possessed. Surprisingly, it worked like a charm, and then some, 3 her spirits and renewing her determination.
Inspired by this life-changing 4 , Stemple began to think about how such a simple act could bring hope to others going through 5 times. And from this seed of inspiration, her charity, We Finish Together, was born. This initiative collected medals from strangers—runners, dancers, swimmers, singers and even spelling bee winners—and donated them to individuals in need.
Part of the process 6 the donor writing a personalized note on the ribbon, giving the recipient a unique connection to someone who cares. Indeed, for those who were 7 in hospitals and battling health challenges, being presented with a medal and reading the warm 8 really made a big difference. It 9 a reminder that they were not 10 in their struggles and that there was always support available to them.
1. A. live. B. heal C. exercise D. recover
2. A. cheating B. clearing C. breaking D. reminding
3. A. explaining B. lifting C. discovering D. absorbing
4. A. season B. plan C. experience D. solution
5. A. tough B. common C. pointless D. dangerous
6. A. promoted B. insisted C. involved D. shaped
7. A. trained B. stuck C. operated D. warned
8. A. document B. message C. receipt D. gift
9. A. threw away B. put down C. acted as D. dropped out
10. A. shy B. weak C. tired D. alone
(2)
I’ve been paralyzed (瘫痪的) since childhood and I started using a wheelchair in first grade. So I’ve had 30 years to learn just how 1 I am and just how often people assume I’m helpless.
As a culture, Americans are 2 that disability is something they’ve figured out. Disability doesn’t define anyone; try to be 3 ; and the rule that guides them all: be kind.
Well, here’s the 4 : we look through the eyes of nondisabled people so regularly that we 5 to ask even one of the many questions hovering (停留) around the disabled recipients of “ help.” Did you want anyone’s help Was it 6 helpful
“So how am I supposed to be helpful ” you might be asking. You have to 7 the person in front of you. What signals are they giving you What expression do you see on their face If you really can’t 8 , you can ask, but if someone says, “No thank you,” listen.
Like anyone else, disabled people are both capable and in need of some help. If you want to be genuinely, actively “ 9 ” to disabled people, invite them into your organizations, businesses and programs. Include disabled engineers and comedians and lawyers and teachers in your world. This kind of 10 is a kindness for all of us, because listening to voices that are typically silenced brings to the table creativity, innovation and power.
1. A. capable B. desperate C. friendly D. responsible
2. A. promised B. convinced C. trusted D. questioned
3. A. brave B. honest C. helpful D. grateful
4. A. test B. change C. reason D. problem
5. A. forget B. refuse C. continue D. pretend
6. A. still B. also C. even D. already
7. A. believe in B. catch up with C. smile at D. pay attention to
8. A. tell B. answer C. lie D. focus
9. A. kind B. useful C. faithful D. polite
10. A. guidance B. profession C. performance D. inclusion
第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
A
Connected to each other like never before, young people today are becoming agents of change, increasingly 11 （contribute）to innovative solutions that improve people’s lives and the planet’s health.
The United Nations Institute for Training and Research 12 (be) therefore delighted to launch the Young Leaders Online Training Programme, a four-week e-Learning course, to provide participants 13 the knowledge and skills to fully unfold their potential as global leaders.
B
When Halloween arrives, you know there is bound to be some mischief (恶作剧). So I wasn’t 14 (entire) surprised when I opened my front door that night to see my candy bowl completely—and very suddenly—empty. To be fair, this was after some light rain 15 (clear) the street of most trick-or-treaters and the youngest had already made the rounds. I never saw 16 took it, but I did shout “Happy Halloween!” into the night air.
C
When we’re solving a complicated problem, we often gather a group 17 (brainstorm). We’re looking to get the best ideas as quickly as possible. I love seeing it happen—except for one tiny wrinkle. Group brainstorming usually backfires.
Extensive evidence shows that when we generate 18 (idea) together, we’re unlikely to maximize collective intelligence. As the humourist John Smith said, “If you had to identify, in one word, the reason 19 the human race has not achieved, and never will achieve, its full potential, that word would be：‘meetings’. ” But the problem isn’t meetings 20 (they)—it’s how we run them.
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，38分）
第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
How to Use a Modern Public Library
Has it been a while since your last visit to a public library If so, you may be surprised to learn that libraries have changed for the better. It’s been years since they were dusty little rooms with books. They have transformed themselves into places where you can develop your love of knowledge, meet interesting people, or find out how to start a business.
Check out a book. While libraries still lend books, you’ll find it easier to get a copy of whatever you’re looking for, thanks to a cooperative network of area libraries. Via such networks, libraries share their books with each other through the use of delivery vehicles. Once the book you’ve requested is delivered to the nearest branch, they will inform you by e-mail, so you can pick it up.
Check out other items. The library is now a multimedia zone, loaded within formation in many formats. You can borrow movies on DVDs, music on CDs, and popular magazines. Some libraries even lend toys and games. If a popular magazine you want isn’t offered and the library keeps a list of such requests, they may bring it in when enough interest is shown.
Join targeted reading groups. Libraries will often hold reading-group sessions targeted to various age groups. Perhaps you’d like to learn a language or improve your English. The library may sponsor a language group you could join. If you have difficulties reading, ask about special reading opportunities. Your library might be able to accommodate you. And you might find it relaxing to bring your small kid to a half-hour Story Time while you sit quietly in a corner with a good book.
Start a business using the help of your local library. If you want to have a business of your own, your local library can become a launch space for it. In library books and computers, you can find information on starting a business. Many libraries will help you with locally supplied information about business management shared through chambers of commerce and government agencies, and they will offer printing, faxing and database services you need.
21. Public libraries connected by a cooperative network benefit readers by .
A. sharing their books on the Internet
B. giving access to online reading at a library branch
C. sending a needed book to a library branch nearby
D. making the checkout procedures diverse
22. According to Paragraph 3, what items may be checked out from a public library
A. A magazine and an e-book.
B. A game and an oil painting.
C. A music CD and a kid’s toy.
D. A DVD and a video player.
23. As is described in Paragraph 4, taking a small kid to a half-hour Story Time allows .
A. the kid to learn a new language
B. the parent to enjoy quiet reading
C. the kid to overcome reading difficulties
D. the parent to meet their program sponsor
B
One day, I received a call from a colleague. He was about to give a student a zero for his answer to a physical problem, while the student claimed a perfect score. I was elected as their arbiter(仲裁人). I read the examination problem: “Show how it is possible to determine the height of a tall building with the aid of a barometer(气压计) ” The student had answered: “Take the barometer to the top of the building, attach a long rope to it, lower it to the street, and then bring it up, measuring the length of the rope. The length of it is the height of the building. ”
The student had really answered the question completely, but the answer didn’t prove his ability in physics. I suggested the student try again. I gave him six minutes to answer the question, warning that the answer should show some knowledge of physics. Five minutes later, he said he had many answers and dashed off one, which read: “Take the barometer to the top of the building and lean over the edge of the roof. Drop the barometer, timing its fall with a stopwatch. Then, use the physical formula to calculate the height of the building. ”
At this point, my colleague had to accept it, and then the student made almost full marks. I couldn’t help asking the student what the other answers were. He listed many others, and then added, “ Probably the best is to take the barometer to the administrator and said to him, ‘Sir, here is a fine barometer. If you tell me the height of the building, I will give it to you.’ ”
Then, I asked the student if he really did not know the conventional answer to this question. He admitted that he did, but said that he was fed up with high school and college instructors trying to teach him how to think.
The name of the student was Bohr who later was famous all over the world. He won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1922.
24. The student got a zero at the beginning because .
A. the teacher wasn’t satisfied with him
B. his answer wasn’t complete or correct
C. the teacher didn’t fully understand his answer
D. his answer didn’t show his knowledge of physics
25. We know from the passage that .
A. the student knew the expected answer
B. the administrator told Bohr the height
C. the author preferred Bohr’s last answer
D. the teacher was a very stubborn person
26. We can learn from the passage that .
A. instructors can teach students how to think
B. arbiters can help students to get high scores
C. students should be given more freedom in thinking
D. teachers should make students use physical formulas
27. What was Bohr’s attitude toward his schooling
A. Optimistic. B. Critical. C. Approving. D. Ambiguous.
C
Women experience a “gender tenure gap”, lasting in CEO roles at publicly listed companies for shorter periods than men, according to new research which may support the idea that female leaders are subject to a “ glass cliff ” where they are set up to fail.
The concept of the glass cliff is that women are more likely to be appointed as leaders when an organization is in a time of crisis, so that their position is seen as more precarious than male counterparts.
Researchers at the University of Exeter found in 2005 that women were more likely to be appointed as board members after a company’s share price had performed badly. Professor Ryan told the Observer that the Russell Reynolds analysis was “ robust and added to the body of work in this area”.
“If women are more likely to take on leadership roles in times of crisis, then it follows that their time in office is likely to be stressful, more heavily scrutinised and shorter in tenure. This reduced tenure could be for a number of reasons—because there is often higher turnover in times of crisis, because they are judged as not performing well, even though poor performance was in train before their appointment, or because when things start to turn around, men come back into leadership roles.” she said.
Chief executive roles have a very low turnover, she said, which makes progress harder. “I think men can enjoy a greater followership—support within the organization. They can suffer big setbacks and rise again. Women who have been CEOs tend to go off to an alternative career.
However, she said that there was cause for optimism. The number of women on FTSE 350 boards is now 41%, up from 9.5% in 2011, and appointing women is “now the norm”. Russell Reynolds also found in a survey of 1,500 leaders worldwide that there were no signi cant differences in how women and men were perceived by the people who worked for them, showing that they were equally effective as leaders, although women were seen as being better at coaching and development.
28. What does the underlined word “precarious” probably mean
Dangerous.
Profitable.
Essential.
Available.
29. Which of the following statements is correct
“gender tenure gap” can be found in the majority of companies.
Male leaders are less likely to be appointed as board members.
Woman leaders in times of crisis tend to be shorter in tenure.
Female leaders are generally not performing well during their appointment.
30. What does the last paragraph indicate
Women leaders are destined to eliminate glass cliff in the future.
Nowadays woman leaders differ hugely from man leaders in followership.
Man leaders are superior to woman leaders in every aspect.
Woman leaders are no less competent than man counterparts.
D
Lying is something that most of us are expert at. We lie at ease, in ways big and small, to strangers, co-workers, friends, and loved ones. Our capacity for dishonesty is as fundamental to us as our need to trust others, which ironically makes us terrible at detecting lies. Being deceitful is woven into our very fabric, so much so that it would be truthful to say that to lie is human.
The universality of lying was first documented systematically by Bella DePaulo, a social psychologist at the University of California, Santa Barbara. Two decades ago DePaulo and her colleagues asked 147 adults to write down for a week every instance they tried to mislead someone. The researchers found that the subjects lied on average one or two times a day. Most of these untruths were not offensive, intended to hide one’s inadequacies or to protect the feelings of others. Some lies were excuses—one subject blamed the failure to take out the garbage on not knowing where it needed to go. Yet other lies—such as a claim of being a diplomat’s son—were aimed at presenting a false image. While these were minor crimes, a later study by DePaulo and other colleagues involving a similar sample indicated that most people have, at some point, told one or more “serious lies”—making false claims on a college application, for example.
That human beings should universally possess a talent for deceiving one another shouldn’t surprise us. Researchers speculate that lying as a behavior arose not long after the emergence of language. The ability to control others without using physical force likely gave an advantage in the competition for resources and mates, similar to the evolution of deceptive strategies in the animal kingdom, such as camouflage (伪装).“Lying is so easy compared to other ways of gaining power,” notes Sissela Bok, an ethicist at Harvard University who’s one of the most prominent thinkers on the subject. “It’s much easier to lie in order to get somebody’s money or wealth than to hit them over the head or rob a bank.”
As lying has come to be recognized as a deeply-rooted human trait, social science researchers and neuro-scientists have sought to explain the nature and roots of the behavior. Researchers are learning that we tend to believe some lies even when they’re obviously contradicted by clear evidence. These insights suggest that our tendency to deceive others and our weakness to be deceived, are especially consequential in the age of social media. Our ability to separate truth from lies is under unprecedented threat.
31. What can we learn about the study by Bella DePaulo and her colleagues
A. They made adults write the instances where they misled someone one or two times a day.
B. The subjects tended to lie to hide their own feelings and present a different image.
C. Lying was first documented systematically by Bella DePaulo and her colleagues.
D. Bella DePaulo and her colleagues made more than one study to show most people lied.
32. In paragraph 2, the researchers thought that most lies the subjects told in the test were .
A. meaningless B. useless C. harmless D. endless
33. It can be concluded from the passage that .
A. most human beings possess a talent for deceiving because of the emergence of language
B. animals also use deceptive strategies in order to gain an advantage in the competition
C. human beings universally have both talents for deceiving others and detecting lies
D. social media will be able to help human beings to tell truth from lies in the future
34. What is the best possible title for the passage
A. A Surprising Discovery of Lies
B. Lying: A Deeply-rooted Human Trait
C. The Nature and Root of Deception
D. On Human Weakness in Spotting Lies
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Having a shy style isn’t necessarily a problem. 35 But shyness blocks some people from being as comfortable or sociable as they’d like to be. Some people want to feel less shy so they can have more fun socializing and being themselves around others. Here are some tips for overcoming shy feelings.
36
Practice social behaviors like eye contact, confident body language, introductions, small talk, asking questions, and invitations with the people you feel most comfortable around. Smile. Build your confidence this way. Then branch out to do this with new friends, too.
Think of some conversation starters.
Often, the hardest part of talking to someone new is getting started. Think of conversation openers, like introducing yourself, giving a compliment, or asking a question. 37
Give yourself a chance.
Give yourself a chance to practice socializing with new people, and get to know them slowly. People who are shy often worry about failing or how others will judge them. 38 If self-criticism plays a role for you, ask yourself whether you’d be this critical of your best friend. Chances are you’d be much more accepting. So treat yourself like your own best friend. Encourage yourself instead of expecting to fail.
Develop your confidence.
Because shy people can be overly concerned with other people’s reactions, they don’t want to rock the boat. It can mean they are less likely to be confident. Being confident means speaking up for yourself when you should, asking for what you want or need, or telling other people when they’re stepping on your toes.
Most of all, be yourself. It’s OK to try out different conversational approaches you see others using. 39 Being the real you—and daring to let yourself be noticed—is what attracts friends.
A. But say and do what fits your style.
B. Write down what you want to say beforehand.
C. Start small with people you know.
D. Worries and feelings like these can keep you from trying.
E. It’s perfectly OK to take time to warm up to new people and situations.
F. Find group activities where you can be with people who share your interests.
G. Being ready with a conversation starter makes it easier to approach someone.
第三部分 书面表达（共两节，32分）
第一节（共4小题；第40、41小题各2分，第42小题3分，第43小题5分，共12分）
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
Children learn best when the significant adults in their lives—parents, teachers, and other family and community members—work together to encourage and support them. This basic fact should be a guiding principle as we think about how schools should be organized and how children should be taught. Schools alone cannot address all of a child’s developmental needs: the meaningful involvement of parents and support from the community are essential.
The need for a strong partnership between schools and families to educate children may seem like common sense. In simpler times, this relationship was natural and easy to maintain. Teachers and parents were often neighbors and found many occasions to discuss a child’s progress. Children heard the same messages from teachers and parents and understood that they were expected to uphold the same standards at home and at school.
As society has become more complex and demanding, though, these relationships have all too often fallen by the wayside. Neither educators nor parents have enough time to get to know one another and establish working relationships on behalf of children. In many communities, parents are discouraged from spending time in classrooms and educators are expected to consult with family members only when a child is in trouble. The result, in too many cases, is misunderstanding, mistrust, and a lack of respect, so that when a child falls behind, teachers blame the parents and parents blame the teachers.
At the same time，our society has created artificial distinctions （区别）of the roles that parents and teachers should play in a young person’s development. We tend to think that schools should stick to teaching academics and that home is the place where children’s moral and emotional development should take place.
Yet children don’t stop learning about values and relationships when they enter a classroom, nor do they cease learning academics— and attitudes about learning —when they are at home or elsewhere in their community.
These days, it can take extraordinary efforts to build strong relationships between families and educators. Schools have to reach out to families, making them feel welcome as full partners in the educational process. Families, in turn, have to make a commitment of time and energy to support their children both at home and at school.
40. What is important when it comes to children’s education
41. Why is it hard for parents and teachers to build a strong partnership nowadays
42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Families and schools should join hands to support students’ development, and they should be aware that there is a clear division of their responsibilities in the education of children.
43. What are your suggestions on how to get parents involved in school affairs
第二节（20分）
假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国好友Jim给你发邮件寻问你打算如何渡过即将到来的暑假。请用英文给他回复，内容包括：
1.假期安排。
2.说明其理由。
注意：1.词数 100 左右；
2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
Yours,
Li Hua
大兴区2023~2024学年度高三查漏补缺题答案
高三英语参考答案及评分标准
第一部分 知识运用（共两节，30分）
第一节 完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
（1）1-5 CDBCA 6-10 CBBCD
（2）1-5 ABCDA 6-10 CDAAD
第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
11. contributing 12. is 13. with 14. entirely 15. had cleared
16.who 17. to brainstorm 18.ideas 19. why 20. themselves
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，38分）
第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
21-23 CCB 24-27 DACB 28-30 ACD 31-34 DCBB
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
35-39 ECGDA
第三部分 书面表达（共两节，32分）
第一节（共4小题；第40、41小题各2分，第42小题3分，第43小题5分，共12分）。
第一节 阅读表达
40. It is important that parents, teachers and other family and community members work together to (encourage and) support the children./Parents, teachers and other family and community members work together to (encourage and) support the children.(2分)
the meaningful involvement of parents and support from the community(1分)
41. In today’s society, parents and teachers are left with little time to build a strong relationship for the benefit of children./Because neither parents nor teachers have enough time to get to know one another and establish working relationships on behalf of children.
42. Families and schools should join hands to support students’ development, and they should be aware that there is a clear division of their responsibilities in the education of children.
1. According to the passage, it’s a false impression that parents focus on children’s moral and emotional development and teachers stick to teaching academics. In fact, parents should also help the children with their studies and teachers should contribute to children's moral and emotional development as well.
2. According to the passage, in reality, children don’t stop learning about values and relationships when they enter a classroom, nor do they cease learning academics—and attitudes about learning—when they are at home or elsewhere in their community, so parents and teachers should be aware that there isn’t a clear division of their responsibilities in the education of children.
43. Parents can be involved in school affairs in many ways. For example, they can encourage children to complete homework, attend parent-teacher conferences, and be active members of the parent-teacher organization. Besides, they can also volunteer for school activities or provide assistance for schools and students in various ways.
第二节（20分）
One possible version:
Dear Jim,
I'm glad to hear from you. After the college entrance examination, I plan to have a colorful summer vacation.
First, I'll travel to some beautiful places to relax and enjoy the beautiful scenery. This can help me relieve the stress from the exam. Also, I want to learn a new skill, such as playing a musical instrument or cooking, to develop my hobbies. I think it's a good way to enrich my life. Finally, I'll read some interesting books to expand my knowledge.
I believe this summer vacation will be very fulfilling and enjoyable.
Best wishes,
Yours,
Li Hua
评分标准
分档 内容（8分） 语言（8分） 结构（8分）
一档（6-8） 内容完整，详略得当。表述与主题相关。 语言准确，基本无语言错误；句式多样。语言表达基本得体。 条理清晰，结构合理。衔接自然，行文连贯。
二档（3-5） 内容基本完整。表述与主题基本相关。 语言有一些错误，但不影响理解；句式有一定变化。语言表达不太得体。 条理基本清晰，结构基本合理。有一定衔接手段，行文基本连贯。
三档（0-2） 内容不完整。表述与主题不太相关或完全无关。 语言有大量错误，影响理解。语言表达不得体。 条理不清晰。支离破碎。
【注释】
1.分数计算：本题总分20分，采用分项评分方式，其中内容8分，语言8分，结构4分。
具体计算方法：总分(20分) ＝内容(8分)×1＋语言(8分)×1＋结构(8分) ×0.5。
词数要求：词数如果少于80，或者明显多于120，在内容维度酌情扣1-2分。
2.评分时先判断作答内容与题目是否有关，若内容判为零分，语言与结构均为零分。
3.英式、美式拼写均可接受。
4.内容完整包括①所给要点内容；②前后根据情景和交际需要表述的内容；③所表述内容详略得当，展开适度。
5.表述与主题相关度是指所表达内容与情景及给出提示要点的关联疏密程度。
6.语言准确包括语法（主谓一致、时态、数、人称、冠词、代词、介词等）、用词、拼写、大小写及标点符号等要素。
7.语言表达得体指语言表达恰当，考虑到了情景、交际对象和语体变化等因素。
结构既包括段落排布，也包括小句间、句间及段落间的衔接和连贯。其中衔接包括逻辑衔接、语法衔接和词汇衔接。