中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
课后练习课程基本信息
学科 英语 年级 八年级下册
课题 Unit 8 A green world 第2课 Reading
使用教材 牛津译林版 出版日期 2013
学生信息
姓名 学校 班级 学号
学习目标
I. Teaching aims and learning objectivesBy the end of the lesson, students should be able to:1. skim the article for the main idea of the whole text; 2. scan the article for detailed information;3. guess the meaning of the word according to the context; 4. realize the way and importance of protecting environment. II. Teaching contents1. New words and phrases: plastic, separate, recycling, allow, punish, fine, limit, depend, rich, resource, wisely, produce, difference, cut down, depend on/upon, keep it that way, cost little, run out, make a difference2. New structures: It is a country with high mountains and clean blue lakes. Things like glass, plastic and paper are separated into different groups and then recycled. We depend on its rich resources to live. It is important for us to protect it wisely. Remember that everyone can do something to make a difference. III. Focus of the lesson and predicted area of difficulty1. To use skimming and scanning skills to get the main ideas and the specific information. 2. To predict the meaning of the new words in the context.
课后练习
一、单项选择1．People ________ many trees last year.A．cut down B．looked downC．turned down D．put down【答案】A【详解】句意：去年人们砍伐了许多树木。考查动词短语辨析。cut down砍伐；looked down俯视；turned down调小声；put down放下。根据“many trees”可知是砍伐树木。故选A。2．On our way to the picnic, we found we ________ our water and our food ________, too.A．ran out; run out B．ran out of; ran out C．ran out; ran out of D．ran out of; ran out of【答案】B【详解】句意：在我们去野餐的路上，我们发现我们把水用光了，我们的食物也用光了。考查动词短语用法。run out of 用法为：sb run out of sth 某人用光了某物；run out 用法为：sth run out 某物用光了，耗尽了。故选B。3．Wait politely, please. Don’t ________ on others.A．cut in B．cut down C．cut out D．cut off【答案】A【详解】句意：请礼貌地等待。不要打断别人。考查短语辨析。cut in打断；cut down砍倒；cut out切去；cut off中断。根据“Wait politely, please.”可知，是让礼貌些。因此是不要打断他人。故选A。4．—Did you make friends on the Internet —No, it’s not safe. We should ________ the internet invitation.A．write down B．turn down C．cut down D．look down【答案】B【详解】句意：——你在网上交朋友吗？——不交，不安全。我们应该拒绝网络邀请。考查动词短语。write down写下；turn down关小；拒绝；cut down砍倒；look down俯视。根据“No, it’s not safe.”可知，网上交友不安全，所以应该拒绝邀请。故选B。5．Please ________ the water when you brush your teeth.A．take down B．turn up C．turn down D．turn off【答案】D【详解】句意：当你刷牙的时候，请关闭水源。考查动词短语辨析。take down取下；turn up调高；turn down调低，拒绝；turn off关掉。根据“when you brush your teeth”及常识可知，刷牙的时候要关掉水，故选D。二、单词拼写Ⅰ. 根据句意及提示完成单词6．My parents wouldn’t （允许）me to go to the party.7．I might not be able to go to France-it （依靠）on how much it costs.8．She was （罚款）for speeding.9．The factory （生产）100 cars per hour.10．It’s unfair to （处罚，惩罚）a whole class for the actions of one or two students.11．A tall fence （分开，隔开）the two houses.【答案】6．allow 7．depends 8．fined 9．produces 10．punish 11．separates【解析】6．句意：我父母不允许我去参加聚会。根据空前情态动词wouldn’t 可知，此空应填动词原形，句意句意和汉语提示可知，此空故填allow。7．句意：我可能去不了法国，这要依靠花多少钱。此句是一般现在时态，主语it是第三人称单数，根据句意和汉语提示可知，此空故填 depends。8．句意：她因超速行驶被罚款。此句是一般过去时态的被动语态，此空应填过去分词，根据句意和汉语提示可知，此空故填fined 。9．句意：工厂每小时生产100辆汽车。此句是一般现在时态，主语The factory是第三人称单数，根据句意和汉语提示可知，此空故填produces 。10．句意：因为一两个学生的行为而惩罚全班学生是不公平的。根据固定句型It is +adj.+(for sb.)+to do sth.可知，此空应填动词原形，根据句意和汉语提示可知，此空故填punish。11．句意：一道高高的栅栏把两座房子隔开。此句是一般现在时态，主语A tall fence是第三人称单数，根据句意和汉语提示可知，此空故填separates。Ⅱ. 用所给词的适当形式填空12．Air pollution is （harm）to our health.13．In order to make living area better, more trees need （plant）.14．It’s everyone’s duty （protect）the environment.15．Water and soil help （provide）us with necessary food and drinks.16．In many places, rubbish （throw）into lakes and rivers. So many of them （pollute）.17．Factories must stop from （pour）waste water into the nearby rivers.18．As well as people, animals （harm）by pollution.19．Though the two girls are twins, there are many （different）between them.20．We can’t do （harm）to others.【答案】12．harmful 13．planting/to be planted 14．to protect 15．provide 16． is thrown are polluted 17．pouring 18．are harmed 19．differences 20．harm【解析】12．句意：空气污染对我们的健康有害。根据形容词短语be harmful to对…有害;对…有危害;对……是有害的。可知，此空故填harmful。13．句意：为了使生活区更好，需要种植更多的树木。根据句意可知，此句是被动的含义，need doing 是需要被做有被动的意思，need doing = need to be done可知，此空故填. planting/to be planted。14．句意：保护环境是每个人的责任。根据句意可知，此句是强调句型，it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式，此空故填to protect 。15．句意：水和土壤帮助我们提供必要的食物和饮料。根据当help作为动词，其中 to 可以省略. 所。help……do sth 是 help……to do的省略形式，此空故填provide。16．句意：在许多地方，垃圾被扔进湖泊和河流。那么多人被污染了。根据句意可知，此句是一般现在时态的被动语态，, rubbish是不可数名词，助动词故用is；So many of是指那么多人的意思，助动词故用are可知，此空故填(1). is thrown (2). are polluted 。17．句意：工厂必须停止向附近的河流排放废水。根据固定短语stop… from doing阻止做某事，可知，此空故填pouring。18．句意：除了人，动物也受到污染的伤害。根据句意可知，此句是一般现在时态的被动语态，根据空前animals可知，此空故填are harmed 。19．句意：虽然这两个女孩是双胞胎，但她们之间有很多不同。根据空前many可知，此空应填名词的复数形式，根据英语提示可知，此空故填differences。20．句意：我们不能伤害别人。根据固定短语do harm to加害，损害。可知，此空故填harm。三、完形填空阅读下面短文，从短文后所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出能填入相应空白处的最佳选项。Shark fin (翅) soup is a famous and expensive dish. It is very popular in southern China. But do you know that you’re 21 a whole shark each time you enjoy a bowl of shark fin soup When people catch sharks, they 22 their fins and throw the sharks back into the ocean. This is not only cruel to the sharks but also harmful to the 23 . Without a fin, a shark can no longer 24 and slowly dies. Sharks are at the 25 of the food chain (链) in the ocean. 26 their numbers drop too low, it will bring danger to all ocean life. Many people believe that sharks can 27 be in danger because they are the strongest in their food chain. But in fact, around 70 million sharks are caught and sold every year. The numbers of some kinds of sharks have fallen by over 90 percent in the last 20 to 30 28 . Environmental 29 groups around the world are teaching the public not to eat shark fin soup. Help 30 the sharks!21．A．catching B．eating C．killing D．selling22．A．cut off B．take off C．set off D．put off23．A．land B．sky C．water D．environment24．A．run B．smile C．swim D．breathe25．A．top B．middle C．bottom D．end26．A．If B．Unless C．Until D．Though27．A．sometimes B．usually C．never D．seldom28．A．days B．weeks C．months D．years29．A．protection B．animal C．pollution D．plant30．A．clean B．save C．guide D．control【答案】21．C 22．A 23．D 24．C 25．A 26．A 27．C 28．D 29．A 30．B【详解】本文主要讲述了目前鲨鱼被大量捕杀，呼吁我们要拯救鲨鱼。21．句意：但你知道吗，你每享用一碗鱼翅汤就等于杀死了一整条鲨鱼？catching抓住；eating吃；killing杀死；selling卖。根据“each time you enjoy a bowl of shark fin soup”可知，因为鲨鱼鳍是从鲨鱼身上割下来的，所以每享用一碗鱼翅汤就等于杀死了一整条鲨鱼，故选C。22．句意：当人们捕捉鲨鱼时，他们割下鲨鱼的鳍，把鲨鱼扔回大海。cut off切断；take off起飞；set off动身；put off推迟。根据“they...their fins and throw the sharks back into the ocean.”可知，是把鲨鱼鳍割下来，故选A。23．句意：这不仅对鲨鱼很残忍，而且对环境也有害。land陆地；sky天空；water水；environment环境。根据下文“their numbers drop too low, it will bring danger to all ocean life.”可知，大量捕杀鲨鱼，也会对整个海洋生态系统有危害，故选D。24．句意：没有鳍，鲨鱼就不能再游泳，慢慢地死去。run跑；smile微笑；swim游泳；breathe呼吸。根据“Without a fin, a shark can no longer...and slowly dies”可知，没有鱼鳍，鲨鱼就不能游泳了，故选C。25．句意：鲨鱼处于海洋食物链的顶端。top顶端；middle中间；bottom底部；end结尾。结合常识可知，鲨鱼是海洋顶尖掠食动物，处于海洋食物链顶端，故选A。26．句意：如果它们的数量下降过低，将给所有海洋生物带来危险。If如果；Unless除非；Until直到；Though尽管。根据“their numbers drop too low, it will bring danger to all ocean life.”可知，前后是条件关系，应用if引导条件状语从句，故选A。27．句意：许多人认为鲨鱼永远不会有危险，因为它们是食物链中最强大的。sometimes有时；usually通常；never从不；seldom很少。根据“because they are the strongest in their food chain.”可知，因为鲨鱼是是食物链中最强大的，所以许多人认为鲨鱼永远不会有危险。故选C。28．句意：在过去的20到30年里，某些种类的鲨鱼数量下降了90%以上。days天；weeks周；months月；years年。根据“The numbers of some kinds of sharks have fallen by over 90 percent in the last 20 to 30”可知，是指在过去的20到30年里。故选D。29．句意：世界各地的环保组织正在教导公众不要吃鱼翅汤。protection保护；animal动物；pollution污染；plant植物。根据“Environmental...groups around the world are teaching the public not to eat shark fin soup”可知，是指环保组织教导公众不要吃鱼翅汤。故选A。30．句意：帮助拯救鲨鱼！clean清理；save拯救；guide指导；control控制。根据“Help...the sharks!”并结合全文的理解可知，我们要拯救鲨鱼，故选B。
基础过关
能力提升
21世纪教育网 www.21cnjy.com 精品试卷·第 2 页 （共 2 页）
HYPERLINK "http://21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
" 21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)(共29张PPT)
八下 Unit8 A green world
Reading
牛津译林版八年级下册
Content
Learning objectives
01
Lead-in
02
Presentation
03
Practice
04
Summary
05
Homework
06
目录
Learning objectives
After learning this lesson, you can:
To get some ideas about Switzerland;
To talk about how to make a green Switzerland;
To know how to live a green life.
Lead in
Switzerland
Something about Switzerland
Switzerland is situated in Central Europe, here it is bordered by Italy to the south, France to the west, Germany to the north, and Austria (奥地利) and Liechtenstein (列支敦士登) to the east.
Switzerland is a beautiful country with high mountains and clean blue lakes.
单击此处添加标题
Switzerland is a beautiful country with high mountains and clean blue lakes.
Why is Switzerland so beautiful
re____ many things to re_____ pollution
Litter should be s______ into different groups.
v.分开，隔开
eparated
cycle
V.回收利用
v.减少，降低
duce
1. _____________ makes Switzerland so beautiful.
Recycling
Why is Switzerland so beautiful
fined or punished
They are not allowed to break the law, otherwise（否则）, they will be________________.
V.允许
V.罚款 或 惩罚
1. _________________________make Switzerland so beautiful.
Laws to protect environment
1 separate ______
2 recycle ______
3 allow ______
4 fine ______
5 run out ______
6 produce ______
a cause a result
b make someone pay money because he/she has done something wrong
c be used up
d put things into different groups
e let someone do something
f treat something used so that it can be used again
d
f
e
b
c
a
Part B1
View and answer
World Environment Day is on 5 June.
1.Who wrote the article
2.When’s World Environment Day
Kitty’s online friend Martina.
What is Switzerland like
What can be recycled in Switzerland
Does Switzerland have laws to protect the environment
What will happen if you drop litter in a public place in Switzerland
What are the new ways to get energy
Switzerland is a country with high mountains and clean blue lakes.
Things like glass, plastic, paper, old clothes and shoes can be recycled.
Yes, it does. It has many laws to protect the environment.
You will be fined by the police.
To get energy from the sun, wind and water.
Self-learning: Read and answer
Using new energy
A beautiful country
Making laws
Martina’s hope
Recycling
Para. 1
Para. 5
Para. 4
Para. 3
Para. 2
Read for structure
a Martina asks everyone to do something for the environment.
b People are starting to use new energy.
c People in Switzerland recycle many things to reduce pollution.
d The government has laws to protect the environment.
e Switzerland is a beautiful country.
e
c
d
b
a
Part B3
They try to keep their country beautiful and clean.
a country
with high .
and clean blue .
What do people there try to do
They try to keep it that way.
mountains
lakes
Para.1: A beautiful country
How
Three Ways
recycling
making laws
using new energy
para. 2
para. 3
para. 4
Things that can be recycled How to recycle
plastic
glass
paper
old clothes and shoes
Para.2: Recycling
They are _________ into different groups
and then _______.
separated
recycled
There is an organization for ________________.
recycling clothes
Old clothes from all over the country .
Some in charity shops.
Para.2: Recycling
are collected
are sold
Some to the poor.
Others to factories for recycling.
are given
are sent
—What should we do when we have these laws
—We shouldn’t trees or litter. Besides, we should cause air or water pollution.
Government has many ______ to protect the environment.
laws
They have laws
to___________ people who cut down trees.
to_________ people who drop litter in public.
to__________ air and water pollution.
punish
fine
limit
Para.3: Making laws
cut down
drop
less
1. What is our greatest treasure
A. Money B. Water C. Nature
2. What are new energy in Switzerland
A. Wind B. The sun C. Water
3. Why do people use new energy
A. New energy produces little pollution.
B. New energy is very cheap.
C. New energy will never run out .
Para.4: Using new energy
1. What is our greatest treasure
A. Money B. Water C. Nature
2. What are new energy in Switzerland
A. Wind B. The sun C. Water
3. Why do people use new energy
A. New energy produces little pollution.
B. New energy is very cheap.
C. New energy will never run out .
Para.4: Using new energy
d
a
f
c
e
b
Part B2
environment
separated
recycled
collects
litter
the poor
factories
laws
punished
allowed
charity shops
fined
Part B4
Pair-work
recycle
A:What can we do to live a green life
B: We can......
B:What can we do to live a green life
A: We had better......
Conclusion
To save water
To save energy
To reduce air
pollution
Other tips for
a green lifestyle
reuse water
turn off the tap when brushing your teeth
…
turn off TV when not watching it
turn off the computer when not using it
…
Choose public transport
ride bicycles
…
use both sides of a piece of paper
recycle the waste
…
Recycle
Reuse
Reduce
Exercise
1. 我们不被允许砍伐树木。
2. 对我们来说，明智地保护我们的环境很重要。
3. 塑料应该被分成不同的组然后被回收。
4. 如果我们在公共场合乱扔垃圾，我们将被罚款。
We are not allowed to cut down trees.
It's important for us to protect the environment wisely.
Plastic should be separated into different groups and then be recyled.
If we drop litter in public, we will be fined .
二、翻译句子
Homework
1. Read the article and try to recite it.
2. Preview the Grammar.
谢谢
21世纪教育网（www.21cnjy.com)
中小学教育资源网站
兼职招聘：
https://www.21cnjy.com/recruitment/home/admin中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
教学设计
课题 Reading 单元 Unit 8 A green world 课型
使用教材 牛津译林 出版时间 2013 学科 英语 年级 八
教材分析 先通过Free talk: What should we do to live a green life 直接引出本文的主题——环保。通过听读训练，结合书后练习让学生们对文章内容大体了解；之后通过精读、知识点讲解并结合题目让学生提取文章细节并对文章中重点短语和句型进行记忆和理解。最后让学生通过Discussion增强学生对环境保护的意识。
学习目标 通过本课节的教学，让学生达成以下目标：1.知识目标掌握单词：separate, allow, punish, fine, depend, rich, wisely, produce, difference, separate into, cut down trees, depend on\upon, cut down trees, run out, make a difference to sb\sth 2.能力目标(1)通过图片,标题和上下文猜测课文大意；(2)了解瑞士的环保措施；(3)增强学生保护环境的意识。3.情感目标引导、教育学生保护环境。
重点 了解瑞士的环保措施。
难点 增强学生保护环境的意识。
教学过程
教学环节 教师活动 学生活动 设计意图
导入（5分钟） Watch the video and talkT: What do you think of when we talk about Switzerland Why do we call Switzerland “Green Switzerland” Something about Switzerland 【设计意图：利用视频和直观的图片激发学生的学习热情，导入新课并对标题进行阐述，帮助学生更好地理解课文。】
课前活动（10分钟） PredictionT: What is the article about Why is Switzerland so beautiful Step 2 While-readingSkimT: Skim the passage and find out the main idea of each paragraph.Paragraph 1: Switzerland is a beautiful countryParagraph 2: People in Switzerland recycle many things to reduce pollution.Paragraph 3: The government has laws to protect the environment.Paragraph 4: People are starting to use new energy.Paragraph 5: Martina asks everyone to do something for the environment.T: Work out the structure of the article.Part 1 (Paragraph 1): description of green SwitzerlandPart 2 (Paragraphs 2-4): the ways to make the country green Part 3 (Paragraph 5): hope Scanning 1. Ask students to read the passage and answer the following questions.2. Ask students to read the passage and then match the paragraphs with the main ideas.3. Analyze the structure of the article. 【设计意图：通过略读的阅读技能训练，培养学生获取文章大意的能力，对上一环节的猜测进行验证。小组讨论文章的结构，增强学生的篇章整体意识。对上一环节的猜测进行验证，读前预测可以激发学生阅读的兴趣。培养学生通过找主题句来确定主旨大意的阅读技能。】
课中活动（15分钟） Careful reading Paragraph 1T: Read the first paragraph and have a discussion: Paragraph 2T: Read Paragraph 2 carefully and find the detailed information. Underline the useful words and expressions. Paragraph 3 T: Read Paragraph 3 carefully and answer the following questions. Paragraph 4 T: Watch a video and think about the following questions:Paragraph 5T: 5 June is World Environment Day. Let’s work together to make a difference. Work in pairs and discuss what we can do to help. 梳理每个自然段 【设计意图: 理解文章具体信息，训练学生利用指示词去找具体信息的能力，以及在具体语境中猜测词义的能力，鼓励学生自己发现循环利用的意义，培养思考的习惯。】
课后活动（15分钟） Part B2 Part B4Pair-workConclusionExercisehomework 完成Part B2 Part B4 【设计意图: 对学生进行思想情感教育并升华为自我的行为，号召他们努力为环保做出贡献。】
课堂总结 T: We have learned a lot about green Switzerland. How do the Swiss keep their country green
作业 1. Read the article and try to recite it.2. Preview the Grammar.
21世纪教育网 www.21cnjy.com 精品试卷·第 2 页 （共 2 页）
HYPERLINK "http://www.21cnjy.com/" 21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
学习任务单
课程基本信息
学科 英语 年级 八年级下册
课题 Unit 8 A green world 第2课 Reading
使用教材 牛津译林版 出版日期 2013
学生信息
姓名 学校 班级 学号
学习目标
I. Teaching aims and learning objectivesBy the end of the lesson, students should be able to:1. skim the article for the main idea of the whole text; 2. scan the article for detailed information;3. guess the meaning of the word according to the context; 4. realize the way and importance of protecting environment. II. Teaching contents1. New words and phrases: plastic, separate, recycling, allow, punish, fine, limit, depend, rich, resource, wisely, produce, difference, cut down, depend on/upon, keep it that way, cost little, run out, make a difference2. New structures: It is a country with high mountains and clean blue lakes. Things like glass, plastic and paper are separated into different groups and then recycled. We depend on its rich resources to live. It is important for us to protect it wisely. Remember that everyone can do something to make a difference. III. Focus of the lesson and predicted area of difficulty1. To use skimming and scanning skills to get the main ideas and the specific information. 2. To predict the meaning of the new words in the context.
课前学习任务
try to keep it that way 尽力让它一直保持那样be separated into different groups 被分成不同的类别old clothes and shoes 旧衣服和鞋learn about an organization for recycling clothes 了解到一个回收衣服的组织collect old clothes from all over the country 从全国各地收集旧衣服be sold in charity shops 在慈善店出售be sent to factories for recycling 被送到工厂循环利用send our old jeans and T-shirts to this organization 把我们的旧牛仔裤和T恤衫送给这个组织have many laws to protect the environment 有许多发了来保护环境be not allowed to cut down trees 不被允许砍伐树木drop litter in a public place 在一个公共场合丢垃圾be fined by the police 被警察罚款limit air and water pollution 限制空气和水污染make someone pay money 让某人付款put things into different groups 把东西分成不同的组let someone do something 让某人做某事treat something used 处理用过的东西be used again 再被利用set up 建立protect the environment 保护环境recycle many things to reduce pollution 循环利用许多东西来减少污染my online friend 我的网友keep their country clean 让他们的国家保持干净do with old clothes 处理旧衣服sound like a good idea 听起来像个好主意cut down trees 砍伐树木
课上学习任务
【经典句型重现一】In Switzerland, things like glass, plastic and paper are separated into different groups and then recycled. 在瑞士，先把诸如玻璃、塑料、纸张等物品分成不同的类别，然后再循环利用。【考点精讲】separate：v.“分开，隔开”。 separate into “把……分成，分离成”； separate...from...“把……和……分开”。The children were separated into groups for the game. 那些儿童分成小组做游戏。【经典句型重现二】Even old clothes and shoes can be recycled. 甚至连旧衣服和旧鞋也可以回收利用。【考点精讲】even副词，意为“即使，纵然；再者，加之；此外，而且；（表示进一层的意思）甚至（……也），连”。还可接比较级，“还；甚至，更”。Even he is old，he works hard.即使他老了，他仍努力工作。He works even harder. 他工作更努力。【经典句型重现三】For example, we are not allowed to cut down trees. Otherwise, we will be punished. 例如我们不被允许砍伐树木。否则我们将会受到惩罚。【考点精讲】example：n.“例子，榜样”。 for example：“举例”。take an example“举个例子”； give a good example to others “为别人树立好榜样”。allow：v.“允许，准许”。 allow sb. to do sth.“允许某人做某事”； allow sb not to do sth.“允许某人不做某事”。allow doing sth.“允许做某事”； be allowed to do sth. “被允许做某事”。cut down：“砍倒（树木）”；“减少，缩减”。otherwise：“否则，不然”= or = if not。punish：v.“处罚，惩罚”。 punish sb. “处罚某人”；punish sb. for (doing) sth. “因（做）某事处罚某人”。punish sb. by doing sth.“通过做某事来惩罚某人”。punishment：n.“惩罚”。【经典句型重现四】If we drop litter in a public place, we will be fined by the police. 如果我们把垃圾扔在公共场所，我们将会被警察罚款。【考点精讲】fine在此用作动词，意为“惩罚”。 It is said that he will b fined by the police. 据说他将受警方罚款。此外，fine还可用作形容词，意为“好的”。如：I’m fine.【经典句型重现五】We depend on its rich resources to live, so it is important for us to protect it wisely. 我们依靠其丰富的资源生存，所以要明智地保护它，这一点对我们来说是重要的。【考点精讲】depend on：“依靠；取决于”。 depend on sb./sth. for sth.“为某事依靠/指望某人/某物”。depend on sb./sth. to do sth.“指望/依靠某人/某物做某事”。What does the homeless girl depend on 那无家可归的女孩依靠什么生活？wisely：adv.“明智地，充满智慧地”。Even you have enough pocket money, you should spend it wisely. 即使你有足够的零花钱，你也应该明智地花费。【经典句型重现六】These new types of energy cost very little and will never run out. 这些新型能源不仅成本低廉，而且用之不尽。【考点精讲】辨析一：四个花费ake，spend，cost和pay (1) spend的主语必须是人，常用于以下结构：①spend time/money on sth.在……上花费时间（金钱）I spent two hours on this maths problem.这道数学题花了我两个小时。②spend time/money (in) doing sth.花费时间（金钱）做某事They spent two years (in) building this bridge.造这座桥花了他们两年时间。(2) cost的主语是物或某种活动，还可以表示“值”，常见用法如下：①sth. costs (sb.)＋金钱某物花了（某人）多少钱A new computer costs a lot of money.买一台新电脑要花一大笔钱。②(doing) sth. costs (sb.)＋时间 某物（做某事）花了（某人）多少时间Remembering these new words cost him a lot of time.他花了大量时间才记住了这些单词。【注意】cost的过去式及过去分词都是cost(3) take后面常跟双宾语，常见用法有以下几种：①It takes sb.＋时间＋to do sth.做某事花了某人多少时间It took them three years to build this road.他们用了三年时间修完亍这条路。②doing sth. takes sb.＋时间 做某事花了某人多少时间Repairing this car took him the whole afternoon.他花了一下午修车。(4) pay的基本用法是：①pay (sb.)money for sth.付钱（给某人）买…．I have to pay them 20 pounds for this room each month.我每个月要向他们付20英镑的房租。②pay for sth.付……的钱I have to pay for the book lost.我不得不赔丢失的书款。③pay for sb.替某人付钱Don't worry! I'll pay for you.别担心！我会给你付钱的。辨析二：run out/run out ofrun out：“用完”。主语通常是时间、金钱、食物等无生命的名词，后面不能跟宾语。run out of：“把……花完”。主语一般为人，后面必须跟被用完的东西作宾语。My money is running out.我的钱快用完了。【经典句型重现七】Remember that everyone can do something to make a difference! 记住每个人都可以做点儿（对保护环境）有影响的事！【考点精讲】difference：n.“差别，差异”。 make a difference (to sb./sth.) “（对某人/某事）有影响，起作用”。different：adj.“不同的；有差异的”。 be different from“与……不同”。differently：adv.“不同地”。
21世纪教育网 www.21cnjy.com 精品试卷·第 2 页 （共 2 页）
HYPERLINK "http://21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
" 21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
