牛津译林版八年级英语下册Unit 3-Unit 4 Grammar知识点整理和练习 （无答案）

8B U3-U4 Grammar 梳理复习
知识链接：
现在完成时与一般过去时的区别：
现在完成时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状况，但和现在有联系，强调的是对现在造成的影响或结果，它不能同表示过去的时间状语连用，汉译英时可加“已经”等词。简言之，利用过去，说明现在。例如：
I__________________________________________________我已经读过了由世界著名作家写的小说。（已经看过，且了解这本书的内容）
一般过去时只表示过去发生的动作或状态，和现在无关，它可和表示过去的时间状语连用，汉译英时可加“过”、“了”等词。简言之，仅谈过去，不关现在。例如：
I __________________________________________．我上个月看了这本小说。（只说明上个月看了，不涉及现在是否记住）
练一练：
1.— Lily, why are you still here School is over for half an hour.
— Because I ______ my task yet. I still need one more hour.
A. won’t finish B. didn’t finish C. haven’t finished D. hadn’t finished
2. The book Alice In Wonderland is very interesting. I ______ it twice already.
A. read B. have read C. am reading D. will read
3．—Helen，when did you move here？
—I _______ here since two years ago．
A．moved B．lived C．have moved D．have lived
4．Miss Lin ________ a lot of work for the poor area since 2010.
A. does B. did C. has done D. will do
5.Turn off the radio, dear. Baby is sleeping.
There is no need. He ________(wake) up.
6.— Will you some and pick me up tomorrow morning
— Yes, I (promise).
综合练习
一、用所给动词的现在完成时填空。
— How long have you been in Shanghai ,Mary
— I _______(be) here for three years.
In the past few years there______(be) great changes in my hometown.
—Where are you going for your holiday
— Well , we ______(not decide) yet.
—Why is Jim still here It’s almost eight o’clock.
— Because he _______(not finish) his work.
Miss Gao came to our school in 2009. She _____(teach) here for four years.
Daniel_____(make) many friend since he came to China.
—____you _____(hear) from your pen-friend recently
—No, I’m looking forward to his mails.
I can’t find my pen. Who _______(take) it
He is ill and ______(not eat) anything for two days.
—Can you give me some information about Paris
— Sorry, I _______(not travel) to Paris , so I know nothing about it.
二、单项选择
Please don’t leave until your teacher _______back.
A. will come B. came C. comes D. is coming
The two old friends _______ each other for years.
A. haven’t seen B. didn’t see C. wouldn’t see D. don’t see
Hurry up ! The play ______ for ten minutes.
A. began B. has been on C. has begun D. will begin
If my parents ______ free tomorrow, we ______ for a picnic.
A. are , go B. are ,will go C. will be , will go D. will be , go
I haven’t seen Tom ________1992.
A. since B. for C. ago D. before
—When _____ the accident ______
— At 8.00 last night.
A. was , happened B. has , happened C. did , happen D. was m happening
—Mike , why are you watching TV again
—I ______ my homework,
A .finish B. finished C. have finished D. was finishing
—Can you answer the door, Jim I _______the dishes.
—I’m coming, Dad.
A .do B. did C. have done D. am doing
—I’d like to introduce my best friend to you , Peter.
—Thank you , Lucy. But we ______ already.
meet B. met C. will meet D. have met
Our English teacher is very nice . We ______ friends since three years ago.
A. were B. became C. have been D. have made
【have/ has been 和have/has gone的用法】
1.have /has been 表示曾经去过某地，并且已经回来。通常可与表示次数的状语连用 .例：
(1)________________________________．他去过北京三次。
(2)______________________________________我们还从来没有去过南山。
2. have/has gone表示某人已经去了某地，但还没回来。含有人不在现场之意.例:
(1)________________________________________.他已经去伦敦了。他将在两周后回来。
(2) —Is Tom at home 汤姆在家吗 —No, he isn't. _________________________________. 不在。他去看电影了。
知识链接： have/ has been in/at的用法
have/ has been in/at 表示到了某地并且已经待了一段时间，常和since, for引导的时间状语连用。例：
___________________________Jim 已经来南京两年了。
— Have you ever been to Guangzhou
—_____________________________________.
—_________________________________.
你曾经去过广州吗？ 我从来没有去过广州。我来到了南京。所以你已经在南京待了两年了.
【注意】 have /has gone 和have/has been 后接副词时(home, here, there ),省略介词.例:
(1)___________________________________我昨天就在这儿了.
(2)___________________________________他去那儿度假了.
（3）________________________________他已经去那儿度假一天了。
练一练
1.——Why are you worried
——I’m expecting a call from my daughter. She ______ New York for three years.
A. has gone to B. has been to C. has been in D. has come in
2.A number of tourists _________ Yangzhou many times because it is such a beautiful city.
A. have been to B. has been to C. has gone to D. have gone to
3.—Excuse me ,is Mr Green in the office
—He ________ Singpore for a meeting . He will be back in few days.
A. have gone to B. has gone to C. have been to D. has been to
综合练习
一、 用have been to, have gone to 和have been in 的正确形式完成下列句子
1.—Where is your brother
— He __________ the bank.
2.________ you ever________ New York
3. Jerry and his family _______ Nanjing for 2 years .
4.I _____ never _______ Australia.
5.—______ your father ________ the Great Wall
— Yes, twice.
6.Lucy isn’t here. She ________ the library.
7.Her husband ___________ Guangzhou only once.
8.One of the girls in our class _________ home for 3 days .
9.I miss my daughter very much . She __________ Beijing since 3 months ago.
10.—Is your father in
—No, he _______ to Shenzhen.
—_____ he ever ______ there before
——Yes, he ________ Shenzhen several times.
二、用for 和since 完成下列句子
1. — How long can I keep the book — _____ a week.
2. His grandfather has been dead _______ three years.
3. They have been in Nanjing _________ one year ago.
4. We haven’t seen each other _______ a long time.
5. Jim hasn’t met his friends in China _______ 2012.
6. Her mother has been ill________ two weeks ago.
7. My friend Li Hua has been away from Nanjing _________ three years.
8. I have met lots of friends _________ I came here.
【‘Wh-’words+‘t o’ -infinitives的用法讲解】
不定式和疑问词连用，可以作句子的主语、宾语、表语等。疑问词包括疑问代词what、 which、who和疑问副词how、when、where。常和“疑问词+动词不定式”结构连用的 动词及动词短语有：know，learn、see、hear、ask、tell、decide、explain、find out、 forget、remember、understand等。 例：
① _____________________ is not known. （主语） 何时举行晚会还不知道。
② The problem is ____________________ （表语） 问题是到哪儿弄到一台电脑呢。
③ No one knows______________（宾语） 没人知道如何做这件事。
④ I really don’t know____________________（宾语） 我真的不知道选择哪一个。
★不定式和疑问词连用作宾语时有时可以改为宾语从句。例：
① I don’t know what to do next. = I don’t know what I should do next.
我不知道下一步该做什么。
②Could you tell me how to get to the nearest bank
=________________________________ 你能告诉我如何到达最近的银行？
③ ______________________________________________.
= Paul doesn’t know who he should turn to for help. Paul不知道该向谁求助。
【注意】特殊疑问词why后面不能用“to do”,但是可以跟宾语从句。例：
Suzy will explain why to recommend this book.（.×）
Suzy will explain why she recommends this book. (√)
练一练
1.We’re talking about where______(spend) our coming summer holiday.
2.一Simon, I hear you are going abroad for further study. Have you decided _______
一 Next September.
A. when going B. when to go C. how going D. how to go
3.I don’t remember _______ the book yesterday.
A. where I put B. where did I put C. where will I put D. where I will put
4.一Philip has gone to New Zealand．
一Oh，can you tell me________
A．when did he leave B．when he is leaving
C．when he left D．when is he leaving
【must /have to 的用法讲解】
1、must 和have to 都可以表示需要做某事。不同点在于：
must侧重于说话人的主观意志，表示主观的义务和必要，主要用于肯定句和疑问句，意思是“必须，得，要”。have to侧重于客观的需要，含有“不得不”的意味。例：
(1)He must say it in English. 他必须用英语说这件事。(I want him to do.)
(2)He has to say it in English. 他不得不用英语说。(Because he doesn’t know Chinese.)
(3)He must move the big box.他必须自己搬这个大盒子。 (I am too busy to help.)
(4He has to move the big box.他只好自己搬这个大盒子。 (He’s got no one to help him.)
2. must的否定形式must not（mustn’t）表示禁止，意思是“不能，不许”。如：
(1)You _____________________．你不能在这里抽烟。
(2)Children ______________________. 孩子们不能在街道上奔跑。
have to 的否定形式是not have to，相当于needn’t.(没有必要) 因为它有人称和数的变化，在不同的时态中可以变为：has to , had too ,will have to ,相对应的否定形式:don’t/doesn’t have to , didn’t have to , won’t have to 例：
（1）My husband went to Beijing on business last weekend , so I ____________________.我的丈夫上周末去北京出差了，所以我只好独自看了电影。
(2) They ________________________at the moment．他们目前没有必要买电脑。
【注意】
1.由must引起的疑问句中，肯定回答用must或者是have to ；否定回答用needn’t或者是don’t have to ,意思是不必。例：
一________I finish the work today
一Yes, you______________. / Yes, you_______________
一No, you ______________________ /No, you ____________________
我必须得今天就完成工作吗？ 是的。 / 不，不必。
2. must还可以表示肯定猜测，意思是“一定”。例：
You_____________________ after all that walking．走了这么远的路，你一定饿了吧
must /have to表示提建议，should /had better/why not/why don’t you/perhaps/ let’s / What (how)about 也有这样的用法。
练一练
1.— Must I finish my homework now
— No, you . You can go home now..
A. needn’t B. mustn’t C. shouldn’t D. can’t
2.—Must I go to medical school and be a doctor like you, Dad
— No, you ________, son. You’re free to make your own decision.
A. can’t B. mustn’t C. shouldn’t D. needn’t
3.—Shall I take my swimming suit
—No, you ______. We will just go hiking on the mountain.
A. mustn’t B. couldn’t C. needn’t D. can’t
4.— Dad, must I practice the piano today
— No, you . You may do it tomorrow.
A. needn’t B. mustn’t C. shouldn’t D. can’t
综合练习
一、单项选择
1. —I usually go there by train.　
—Why not ___ by boat for a change 　
A. to try going　 B. try to go C. to try and go D. try going　
2.They have decided to go to Yangzhou for their holiday, but they have not decided ____yet.
A. when go B. what to do it C. how to go D. where to go
3. You ____ be careful with fire when you have a picnic in the forest. It’s too dangerous.
A. must B. can C. may D. will
4.—Why not go to Hainan for a trip this winter
— ______
A. Never mind. B. Because it’s too far. C. Sounds great! D. Because I’m poor.
5. — _____ watching Jacky Chen’s movie tonight —That’s a good idea.
A. Let’s B. What about C. Why not D. Why don’t you
6.—_____ I hand in my homework now, Mr Zhao
— No, you ______. You______ hand it in tomorrow.
A. Shall; may not; have to B. Can; mustn’t; need
C. Should; can’t; may D. Must; needn’t; can
7. You’d better ____ your daughter at home alone. She will be frightened.
A. don’t leave B. don’t to leave C. not to leave D. not leave
8. You are not busy today. ____ go to the zoo with Helen
A. What about B. Why don’t C. Why not D. Let’s
9. — I want to be as slim as Sandy. What should I do
— ____ you ____ exercise more.
A. Maybe; could B. Perhaps; should C. Maybe; must D. Perhaps; must
10. For everyone’s safety, we ______always remember the law against driving after drinking.
A. could B. should C. might D. would
二、按要求改写下列句子，每空一词。
1. The boy drank a glass of milk yesterday morning.(改为否定句）
The boy _______ ________ a glass of milk yesterday morning.
2. I have already seen the film. (改为一般疑问句）
______ you _____ the film_____
3.The girl goes to the park twice a month.（对划线部分提问）
____ _____ _____ the girl ____ to the park
4. Can you show me how I can play this kind of computer games （改为同义句）
Can you show me _____ _____ _____ this kind of computer games
5. I don’t know where I will have my birthday party.
I don’t know _____ _____ ____ my birthday party.
三、 翻译下列句子。
1. 他不知道如何解决这个问题。
______________________________________________
2. 我父亲在学如何给他的朋友发电子邮件。
________________________________________________
3. 我还没决定买哪一本书。
_________________________________________________
4.他生病了，明天将不得不去医院。
__________________________________________________
5.我们最好不要这么晚起床。
____________________________________________________
6.你不应该吃这么多肉。
_______________________________________________________