高中英语 高考题型天天练（26）（35分钟，含答案与解析）

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
高中英语高考题型天天练（二十六）
（时间：35分钟）
一、阅读理解
A
In the largest observational study to date on “superagers” — people in their 80s who have brains as sharp as those 30 years younger — researchers in Spain found key differences in lifestyle that may contribute to these older adults’ sharp minds.
Superagers in the study had more gray matter (灰质) in parts of the brain related to movement, and they scored higher on flexibility, balance and mobility (行走能力) tests than typical older adults — even though the physical activity levels of the two groups were the same. “Though superagers report similar activity levels to typical older people, it’s possible they do more physically demanding activities like gardening or stair climbing,” said senior author Bryan Strange, director of the Laboratory for Clinical Neuroscience at the Technical University of Madrid, in a statement.
“From lower blood pressure and obesity levels to increased blood flow to the brain, there are many direct and indirect benefits of being physically active that may contribute to improved cognitive abilities in old age.” The study, published on Thursday in The Lancet Healthy Longevity journal, followed 64 superagers and 55 cognitively normal older adults who were part of the Vallecas Project, a long-term research project on Alzheimer’s in Madrid (马德里的老年痴呆症). In a series of tests, the study found the Spanish superagers scored lower than typical older adults in levels of depression and anxiety. Mental health issues such as depression are known risk factors for developing dementia (痴呆).
Superagers also told researchers they had been more active in midlife, had been happy with the amount of sleep they got, and were independent in their daily living. Poor sleep is a key risk factor for cognitive decline. “This study adds to what we already know — superaging isn’t just the ability to perform well on a cognitive test,” said Angela Roberts, an assistant joint professor of communication and computer science at Western University in London, Ontario, in an email.
1. What can we learn about superagers in Paragraph 2
A. Physical activities affect the brain composition of superagers.
B. Superagers and typical older adults have similar activity levels.
C. Physically activities like gardening or stair climbing are demanding.
D. Superagers’ brain structure is different from that of typical older adults.
2. What can we learn from the study published in The Lancet Healthy Longevity journal
A. The study focuses on mental health of the subjects.
B. The study finds the relationship between depression and dementia.
C. Cognitive abilities in old age may be improved by physical activities.
D. Superagers are more likely to develop dementia than typical older adults.
3. What may the follow-up study focus on
A. The relationship between sleep and cognition.
B. The relationship between midlife and cognition.
C. The relationship between activity level and cognition.
D. The relationship between independence and cognition.
4. What can we know from Angela Roberts’ words
A. She is good at cognitive tests.
B. She knows little about superaging.
C. Superagers are more active in old age life.
D. Superagers scored high in many aspects.
B
Is forgiveness against our human nature To answer our question, we need to ask a further question: What is the essence of our humanity For the sake of simplicity, people consider two distinctly different views of humanity. The first view involves dominance and power. In an early paper on the psychology of forgiveness, Droll (1984) made the interesting claim that humans’ essential nature is more aggressive than forgiving allows. Those who forgive are against their basic nature, much to their harm. In his opinion, forgivers are compromising their well-being as they offer mercy to others, who might then take advantage of them.
The second view involves the theme of cooperation, mutual respect, and even love as the basis of who we are as humans. Researchers find that to fully grow as human beings, we need both to receive love from and offer love to others. Without love, our connections with a wide range of individuals in our lives can fall apart. Even common sense strongly suggests that the will to power over others does not make for harmonious interactions. For example, how well has slavery worked as a mode of social harmony
From this second viewpoint of who we are as humans, forgiveness plays a key role in the biological and psychological integrity of both individuals and communities because one of the outcomes of forgiveness, shown through scientific studies, is the decreasing of hatred and the restoration of harmony. Forgiveness can break the cycle of anger. At least to the extent the people from whom you are estranged accept your love and forgiveness and are prepared to make the required adjustments. Forgiveness can heal relationships and reconnect people.
As an important note, when we take a Classical philosophical perspective, that of Aristotle, we see the distinction between potentiality and actuality. We are not necessarily born with the capacity to forgive, but instead with the potential to learn about it and to grow in our ability to forgive. The actuality of forgiving, its actual appropriation in conflict situations, develops with practice.
5. What is Droll’s idea about forgiveness
A. People should offer mercy to others.
B. Aggressive people should learn to forgive.
C. Forgiveness depends on the nature of humanity.
D. People who forgive can have their own welfare affected.
6. What does the example in paragraph 2 illustrate
A. To forgive is to love. B. To dominate is to harm.
C. To fight is to grow. D. To give is to receive.
7. What is the writer’s attitude toward forgiveness
A. Favorable. B. Reserved. C. Objective. D. Skeptical.
8. What is message of the last paragraph
A. Forgiveness is in our nature. B. Forgiveness grows with time.
C. It takes practice to forgive. D. Actuality is based on potentiality.
二、七选五
Sometimes, we pour in our best efforts, only to see the worst outcomes. It can be frustrating and demotivating, and slipping into a negative mindset is easy.
In the event of failure, it is very tempting to self-blame or self-pity for what happened. ____9____ Here’s what you can do to make yourself feel good when things don’t work out.
Acknowledge Your Emotions
When things don’t go according to plan, it’s natural to feel disappointed, frustrated, or sad. ____10____ Recognize your feelings and accept that it’s okay to feel that way. By allowing yourself to experience your emotions, you can process them better and move on.
While it is good to recover quickly, the grieving phase is a necessity you shouldn’t skip. People who deny that they failed and that nothing went wrong only find themselves in more complicated situations and a more fractured emotional state. Feel sad, breathe, take a few walks, and think that acknowledging the issue means 50% of your problem is already solved.
Practice Self-Care
____11____ Grab some time to engage in activities that make you happy and relaxed. Take a long bath, walk in nature, meditate, read a book, or watch your favorite movie. When we feel good about ourselves, we are better equipped to deal with life’s challenges.
Surround Yourself with Positivity
Surround yourself with people who inspire you, while being true. ____12____ You could also join a support group or an online community of like-minded individuals who share your interests.
____13____ While you see yourself as a strong person who can handle negativity, it’s best to withdraw from the chaos during recovery. Avoid social media and dealing with colleagues who often trigger negativity.
A. Take a step back and evaluate what went wrong.
B. Don’t suppress your emotions; instead, acknowledge them.
C. However, it’s crucial to pick yourself up and move forward.
D. Spend time with family and friends who love and support you.
E Self-care is the key to healthy mental and physical well-being.
F. Celebrate the small wins with friends who are happy to see you triumph.
G. Having a positive support system can help you stay motivated and focused.
三、完形填空
Last year, my friend, Kydee Williams, and I started a non-profit project because we wanted to do charity work differently. Thus, The Pop-Up Care Shop was ____14____.
TPUCS is a traveling shop of ____15____ donated goods for people in need. During the holidays, we ____16____ clothing drives and then went to women’s shelters. Our main goal was to help inspire women who were ____17____ with hope as well as bring a little holiday cheer to our local communities. ____18____ any project or movement wasn’t easy. Brainstorming and coming up with cool ideas was the ____19____ part, but actually bringing those ideas to life can seem almost ____20____ at times. However, there were lessons about ____21____ that we didn’t fully realize until we started this journey.
From our experience, we learned smaller shelters, especially those in less-commercialized areas were often ____22____ when it came to getting community support. Actually, they were typically more _____23_____ to new and creative ideas and would greatly welcome _____24_____ who offered help. Under our inspiration, many _____25_____ people devoted themselves to non-profit work. Many shelters are understaffed and the staff overworked. Working directly with them helped us _____26_____ the specific needs of the shelter.
While material things like food, clothes, money, and shelter can help people survive, what _____27_____ helps people live is the intangible (无形) necessities like love, presence, patience. Even though we can’t help every single person in the world, we can _____28_____ a world of difference for at least one person.
14. A. found B. donated C. born D. purchased
15. A. cheap B. free C. value D. messy
16. A. quit B. chose C. forbade D. held
17. A. homeless B. fearless C. guiltless D. restless
18. A.Ceasing B. Highlighting C. Starting D. Monitoring
19. A. hard B. fun C. odd D. core
20. A. crucial B. unnecessary C. impossible D. logical
21. A. breaking down B. giving back C. keeping up D. pulling through
22. A. ignored B. emphasized C. mentioned D. estimated
23. A harmful B. relevant C. opposed D. open
24. A. shoppers B. pioneers C. officers D. volunteers
25. A. reliable B. selfless C. creative D. courageous
26. A. understand B. satisfy C. anticipate D. illustrate
27. A. originally B. slightly C. truly D. barely
28. A. identify B. detect C. reveal D. make
四、语法填空
During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, with the development of production, astronomy attained many achievements. The Ganshi Star Classic, ___29___(write) between 375-350 BC, is the earliest astronomical work in the world.
Gan De and Shi Shen respectively conducted astronomical observations in their own aspects ___30___ published their works to the world. They had ___31___ (systematic) observed the movements of the five planets, namely, gold, wood, water, fire and earth, and had ___32___ grasp of the laws of the movements of these planets for the first time. They recorded the names of 800 stars, and determined the positions of 121. Later ___33___(generation)called the records of Gan De and Shi Shen’s determination of stars ”Ganshi Star Classic“. The Ganshi Star Classic is the earliest star table in the world, about 200 years earlier than the first ___34___ (Europe) star table created by a Greek astronomer. To date, their achievements ___35___ (recognise) internationally. Shi Shen was referred to ___36___one of the outstanding contributors to world astronomy, after ___37___ the largest crater (环形山) on the back of the moon was named. Many later astronomers use the data in the ”Ganshi Star Classic“ when ___38____ (measure) the position and motion of the sun, moon and planets. Therefore, the ”Ganshi Star Classic“ occupies an important position in the history of astronomy in China and the world.
【附：解析】
一、阅读理解
【A篇】
【语篇导读】：本文的语篇类型是说明文，主题语境为人与社会。 “超级老人”指的是80多岁的大脑和比他们年轻30岁的人一样敏捷的老人，西班牙的研究人员对“超级老人”进行了迄今为止规模最大的观察性研究，研究发现，生活方式上的关键差异可能导致了这些老年人思维敏捷。文章对此进行了介绍。
1. A 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Superagers in the study had more gray matter (灰质) in parts of the brain related to movement, and they scored higher on flexibility, balance and mobility (行走能力) tests than typical older adults(在这项研究中，超级老人大脑中与运动相关的部分有更多的灰质，他们在灵活性、平衡和行动能力测试中的得分高于普通老年人)”和“Though superagers report similar activity levels to typical older people, it’s possible they do more physically demanding activities like gardening or stair climbing(虽然超级老人的活动水平与一般老年人相似，但他们可能会做更多的体力活动，比如园艺或爬楼梯)”可知，因为超级老人可能会做更多的体力活动，超级老人大脑中与运动相关的部分有更多的灰质，从第二段中可以了解到体力活动会影响超级老人的大脑成分。故选A。
2. C 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“From lower blood pressure and obesity levels to increased blood flow to the brain, there are many direct and indirect benefits of being physically active that may contribute to improved cognitive abilities in old age.(从降低血压和肥胖水平到增加大脑血流量，体育锻炼有许多直接和间接的好处，可能有助于提高老年人的认知能力。)”可知，从发表在《柳叶刀健康长寿》杂志上的研究中可以了解到老年人的认知能力可以通过体力活动得到改善。故选C。
3. A 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Superagers also told researchers they had been more active in midlife, had been happy with the amount of sleep they got, and were independent in their daily living. Poor sleep is a key risk factor for cognitive decline.(超级老人还告诉研究人员，他们在中年时更加活跃，对自己的睡眠时间感到满意，并且在日常生活中更加独立。睡眠不足是认知能力下降的一个关键风险因素。)”可知，后续研究的重点可能是睡眠和认知之间的关系。故选A。
4. D 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“This study adds to what we already know — superaging isn’t just the ability to perform well on a cognitive test(这项研究超过了我们已有的认知——超级老人不仅仅是在认知测试中表现良好的能力)”可知，从安吉拉·罗伯茨的话中可以了解到超级老人在很多方面都得分很高。故选D。
【B篇】
【语篇导读】：本文的语篇类型是议论文，主题语境为人与社会。文章围绕“原谅是否违背人类本性”这一主题进行了深入的探讨和论证，通过对比不同的人类本性观点，分析了原谅在个体和社区中的作用和意义。
5. D 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“In an early paper on the psychology of forgiveness, Droll (1984) made the interesting claim that humans’ essential nature is more aggressive than forgiving allows. Those who forgive are against their basic nature, much to their harm. In his opinion, forgivers are compromising their well-being as they offer mercy to others, who might then take advantage of them.(在一篇关于宽恕心理学的早期论文中，Droll(1984)提出了一个有趣的观点，即人类的本质比宽恕所允许的更具攻击性。那些宽恕的人违背了他们的本性，对他们造成了很大的伤害。在他看来，宽恕者在向他人提供仁慈的同时，也在损害自己的幸福，而这些人可能会利用他们。)”可知，Droll认为宽恕的人违背了他们的本性，对他们造成了很大的伤害，他认为宽恕者在向他人提供仁慈的同时，也在损害自己的幸福。故选D。
6. B 推理判断题。根据文章第二段所举例子上文“Researchers find that to fully grow as human beings, we need both to receive love from and offer love to others. Without love, our connections with a wide range of individuals in our lives can fall apart. Even common sense strongly suggests that the will to power over others does not make for harmonious interactions.(研究人员发现，为了全面成长为人类，我们既需要从别人那里接受爱，也需要向别人提供爱。没有爱，我们与生活中各种各样的人的联系就会破裂。甚至常识也强烈表明，控制他人的意愿并不会促成和谐的互动。)”可知，没有爱，我们与他人的联系就会破裂，控制他人的意愿并不会促成和谐的互动；奴隶制是一个基于对他人的支配和控制的制度，它造成了大量的伤害和痛苦。“For example, how well has slavery worked as a mode of social harmony (例如，奴隶制作为社会和谐的一种模式发挥了多大的作用 )”通过以奴隶社会举例，以反问的方式，来阐明试图通过支配和权力来控制他人并不能带来真正的和谐或幸福，即控制就是伤害。故选B。
7. A 推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“From this second viewpoint of who we are as humans, forgiveness plays a key role in the biological and psychological integrity of both individuals and communities because one of the outcomes of forgiveness, shown through scientific studies, is the decreasing of hatred and the restoration of harmony. Forgiveness can break the cycle of anger. At least to the extent the people from whom you are estranged accept your love and forgiveness and are prepared to make the required adjustments. Forgiveness can heal relationships and reconnect people. (从作为人类的第二种观点来看，宽恕在个人和社区的生理和心理完整性方面都起着关键作用，因为科学研究表明，宽恕的结果之一是减少仇恨，恢复和谐。宽恕可以打破愤怒的循环。至少在某种程度上，与你疏远的人接受你的爱和宽恕，并准备做出必要的调整。宽恕可以治愈人际关系，重新连接人际关系。)”可知，作者认为原谅在个体和社区生物学和心理学完整性中的关键作用，指出原谅能够减少仇恨、恢复和谐，并且能够打破愤怒的循环。作者还提到原谅可以治愈关系，让人们重新建立联系。这些观点都表明作者对于原谅持有支持的态度。故选A。
8. C 主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“As an important note, when we take a Classical philosophical perspective, that of Aristotle, we see the distinction between potentiality and actuality. We are not necessarily born with the capacity to forgive, but instead with the potential to learn about it and to grow in our ability to forgive. The actuality of forgiving, its actual appropriation in conflict situations, develops with practice.(值得注意的是，当我们从古典哲学的角度，即亚里士多德的角度来看，我们会看到潜在性和现实性之间的区别。我们不一定天生就有宽恕的能力，但我们有潜力去学习宽恕，并在宽恕的能力中成长。宽恕的现实性，它在冲突情境中的实际运用，是随着实践而发展的。)”可知，最后一段主要传达了原谅需要实践的信息。作者通过引用古典哲学中关于潜在性和实际性的观点，指出我们并不是天生就具备原谅的能力，而是需要通过学习和实践来培养和发展这种能力。因此，原谅并不是一种自然而然的行为，而是需要我们付出努力去实践的。故选C。
二、七选五
【语篇导读】：本文的语篇类型是说明文，主题语境为人与自我。文章主要讲述了通过情感认知、自我关爱以及积极的社交支持来帮助自己从负面情绪中走出来，重拾动力和积极态度。
9. C 根据上文的“In the event of failure, it is very tempting to self-blame or self-pity for what happened. (一旦失败，人们很容易对所发生的事情感到自责或自怜。)”和下文的“Here’s what you can do to make yourself feel good when things don’t work out.(以下是当事情不成功时，你可以做些什么让自己感觉良好。)”可知，C项(然而，振作起来并向前迈进是至关重要的。)与上文构成转折关系，指出人们面对失败不要气馁而是要敢于前进，下文作为过渡句引出后文的帮助自己从负面情绪中走出来的做法，故选C项。
10. B 根据上文的“When things don’t go according to plan, it’s natural to feel disappointed, frustrated, or sad. (当事情没有按计划进行时，人们很自然会感到失望、沮丧或悲伤。)”和下文的“ Recognize your feelings and accept that it’s okay to feel that way. By allowing yourself to experience your emotions, you can process them better and move on.(认识到你的感受，并接受这种感觉是可以的。通过让自己体验自己的情绪，你可以更好地处理它们并继续前进。)”可知，B项(不要压抑自己的情绪，而是接纳它们。)承接上文，指出要接受自己产生了消极情绪的事实，下文具体描述如何接受消极情绪并继续前进，故选B项。
11. E 根据下文的“Grab some time to engage in activities that make you happy and relaxed. Take a long bath, walk in nature, meditate, read a book, or watch your favorite movie. When we feel good about ourselves, we are better equipped to deal with life’s challenges.(抽出一些时间参加一些能让你感到快乐和放松的活动。洗个长澡，在大自然中漫步，冥想，看书，或者看你最喜欢的电影。当我们自我感觉良好时，我们就能更好地应对生活中的挑战。)”可知，人处在消极情绪中的时候，要想办法为自己减压，E项(自我关照是身心健康的关键。)适合作为本段的主题句，并与本段标题(练习自我关照)相呼应，故选E项。
12. D 根据上文的“Surround yourself with people who inspire you, while being true. (让自己身边充满激励你的人，同时保持真实的自我。)”和下文的“You could also join a support group or an online community of like-minded individuals who share your interests.(你也可以加入一个由志同道合的人组成的支持小组或在线社区，他们与你有着共同的兴趣。)”可知，D项(与爱你、支持你的家人和朋友共度时光。)承接上文，指出了和身边能够对你产生积极影响的人相处，下文又举例说明你可以和志同道合的人一起做喜欢的事情，故选D项。
13. G 根据下文的“While you see yourself as a strong person who can handle negativity, it’s best to withdraw from the chaos during recovery. Avoid social media and dealing with colleagues who often trigger negativity.(虽然你认为自己是一个坚强的人，可以处理消极情绪，但最好在康复期间从混乱中退出。避免社交媒体，避免与经常引发负面情绪的同事打交道。)”可知，G项(拥有一个积极的支持体系可以帮助你保持动力和专注。)适合作为本段的主题句，说明了身边的人要对你起到积极的影响，与下文提到的“远离负面情绪的人”话题相符，故选G项。
三、完形填空
【语篇导读】：本文的语篇类型是记叙文，主题语境为人与社会。文章讲述了，去年作者和朋友创建非盈利项目The Pop-Up Care Shop的经历，该项目为需要的人提供免费的捐赠品，他们发现小型庇护所在获取社区支持方面常遇困难，但更欢迎创新和帮助，作者意识到物质帮助虽重要，但无形的爱、陪伴和耐心更能帮助人们生活，他们虽不能帮助所有人，但能为至少一个人带来改变。
14. C 考查动词词义辨析。句意：因此，The Pop-Up Care Shop诞生了。A. found发现；B. donated捐赠；C. born诞生；D. purchased购买。由上文“Last year, my friend, Kydee Williams, and I started a non-profit project because we wanted to do charity work differently. (去年，我和我的朋友凯迪·威廉姆斯开始了一个非营利项目，因为我们想以不同的方式做慈善工作)”可知，作者和朋友因为想以不同的方式做慈善工作，所以创建了一个非盈利项目，The Pop-Up Care Shop诞生了。故选C项。
15. B 考查形容词和名词词义辨析。句意：TPUC是一家为有需要的人提供免费捐赠商品的旅行商店。A. cheap便宜的；B. free免费的；C. value价值；D. messy混乱的。由上文“Last year, my friend, Kydee Williams, and I started a non-profit project because we wanted to do charity work differently. (去年，我和我的朋友凯迪·威廉姆斯开始了一个非营利项目，因为我们想以不同的方式做慈善工作)”讲这个组织是非盈利项目，是慈善工作，所以提供免费的捐赠品给需要的人。故选B项。
16. D 考查动词词义辨析。句意：假期期间，我们举行了服装活动，然后去了妇女庇护所。A. quit退出；B. chose选择；C. forbade禁止；D. held举办。由下文“clothing drives and then went to women’s shelters”可知，运营非盈利项目的他们举办了衣物捐赠这样的慈善活动，之后把捐赠衣物送到妇女的庇护所处。故选D项。
17. A 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们的主要目标是帮助激发无家可归的妇女的希望，并为我们当地的社区带来一点节日的欢乐。A. homeless无家可归的；B. fearless无畏的；C. guiltless无罪的；D. restless焦躁不安的。由上文“women’s shelters (妇女庇护所)”可知，那些女性应该都是无家可归的。故选A项。
18. C 考查动词词义辨析。句意：开始任何项目或运动都不容易。A. Ceasing停止；B. Highlighting突出、强调；C. Starting开始；D. Monitoring监视。由上文语境可知， 由于这个项目仍在初始阶段，所以启动任何项目或运动都不容易。故选C项。
19. B 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：集思广益并想出很酷的想法是有趣的部分，但实际上，有时将这些想法付诸实践似乎几乎是不可能的。A. hard困难的；B. fun有趣的；C. odd古怪的；D. core核心的。由上文“Brainstorming and coming up with cool ideas”可知，集思广益并想出很酷的想法应该会很有趣，作者通过头脑风暴的趣味性和付诸行动的困难性做对比，此处为表现过程的趣味性。故选B项。
20. C 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：集思广益并想出很酷的想法是有趣的部分，但实际上，有时将这些想法付诸实践似乎几乎是不可能的。A. crucial关键的；B. unnecessary不必要的；C. impossible不可能的；D. logical符合逻辑的。用下文“at times”来强调有时候将想法付诸实践会显得困难，作者通过头脑风暴的趣味性和付诸行动的困难性做对比，强调方案实施的艰难。故选C项。
21. B 考查动词短语辨析。句意：然而，在我们开始这段旅程之前，我们并没有完全意识到关于回馈的教训。A. breaking down发生故障；B. giving back归还、回馈；C. keeping up跟上；D. pulling through渡过难关。通过下文“Working directly with them (与他们直接合作)”与庇护所工作人员直接接触可知，这个项目让作者学到了关于回馈、反馈的道理。故选B项。
22. A 考查动词词义辨析。句意：从我们的经验中，我们了解到，在获得社区支持时，较小的避难所，尤其是那些商业化程度较低地区的避难所往往被忽视。A. ignored忽视；B. emphasized强调；C. mentioned提到；D. estimated估计。由本处语境可知，此处指较小的庇护所，特别是在商业化程度较低的地区，在获得社区支持方面往往被忽视，强调这些庇护所在获取支持方面的困境。故选A项。
23. D 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：事实上，他们通常对新的创意更开放，并非常欢迎提供帮助的志愿者。A. harmful有害的；B. relevant相关的；C. opposed强烈反对的；D. open开放的。由上下文语境可知，这些庇护所对新的和富有创意的想法更开放，与下文“Under our inspiration, many ____12____ people devoted themselves to non-profit work. (在我们的激励下，许多……人投身于非营利工作)”讲更多人投身于此相呼应。故选D项。
24. D 考查名词词义辨析。句意：事实上，他们通常对新的创意更开放，并非常欢迎提供帮助的志愿者。A. shoppers购物者；B. pioneers开拓者；C. officers官员；D. volunteers志愿者。由下文“who offered help”可知，这指的是志愿者，即那些愿意主动提供帮助的人。故选D项。
25. B 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在我们的激励下，许多无私的人投身于非营利工作。A. reliable可靠的；B. selfless无私的；C. creative创造性的；D. courageous勇敢的。由上下文语境可知，由于这个项目激励了更多人投身慈善，这群人都是非常无私奉献的。故选B项。
26. A 考查动词词义辨析。句意：与他们直接合作有助于我们了解庇护所的具体需求。A. understand理解、了解；B. satisfy使满意；C. anticipate期望；D. illustrate说明。由上文“Many shelters are understaffed and the staff overworked. (许多收容所人手不足，工作人员工作过度)”可知，这个组织只有真正接触了这些工作人员才知道他们真正的需求，这里强调通过接触来理解需求。故选A项。
27. C 考查副词词义辨析。句意：虽然食物、衣服、金钱和住所等物质可以帮助人们生存，但真正帮助人们生活的是无形的必需品，如爱、存在和耐心。A. originally原来；B. slightly稍微；C. truly真正地；D. barely几乎没有。由上下文语境可知，此处通过食物、庇护所等物质与爱、陪伴和耐心这样的无形必需品做对比，强调这些事物的真实价值，因此，“truly”作为副词，符合文意。故选C项。
28. D 考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管我们不能帮助世界上的每一个人，但我们至少可以为一个人创造一个不同的世界。A. identify识别；B. detect侦察出；C. reveal揭示；D. make制造。由上下文语境可知，作者希望通过自己的行动去帮助他人，并且呼吁更多人加入慈善的队伍，去为需要帮助的人带去改变，为他们创造一个不同的世界。故选D项。
四、语法填空
【语篇导读】：本文的语篇类型是说明文，主题语境为人与自然。这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了《甘石星经》的相关信息。
29. written 考查非谓语。句意：《甘石星经》成书于公元前375-350年间，是世界上最早的天文学著作。空处为非谓语动词，The Ganshi Star Classic与write为被动关系，用过去分词，作后置定语，故填written。
30. and 考查连词。句意：甘德和石申分别从自己的角度进行天文观测，并向世界发表了自己的作品。前后动词为并列关系，连词为and。故填and。
31. systematically 考查副词。句意：他们系统地观察了金、木、水、火、土五大行星的运动，第一次掌握了这些行星的运动规律。副词systematically修饰动词，作状语。故填systematically。
32. a 考查冠词。句意：他们系统地观察了金、木、水、火、土五大行星的运动，第一次掌握了这些行星的运动规律。have a grasp of “掌握……”为固定短语。故填a。
33. generations 考查名词。句意：后人把甘德、石申的笔录记称为《甘石星经》。名词做主语，generation为可数名词，前无不定冠词修饰，用复数表示泛指。故填generations。
34. European 考查形容词。句意：《甘石星经》是世界上最早的星表，比欧洲第一张由希腊天文学家创造的星表早了大约200年。形容词European修饰名词。故填European。
35. have been recognised 考查时态语态。句意：迄今为止，他们的成就已经得到了国际上的认可。根据To date 可知，本句为现在完成时，主语与谓语为被动关系。故填have been recognised。
36. as 考查介词。句意：石申被认为是世界天文学的杰出贡献者之一，月球背面最大的陨石坑就是以他的名字命名的。be referred to as“被认为是”为固定短语。故填as。
37. whom 考查定语从句。句意：石申被认为是世界天文学的杰出贡献者之一，月球背面最大的陨石坑就是以他的名字命名的。先行词为Shi Shen，作定语从句中介词after的宾语，关系代词为whom。故填whom。
38. measuring 考查非谓语。句意：许多后来的天文学家利用《甘石星经》中的数据来测量太阳、月球和行星的位置和运动。Many later astronomers与measure在逻辑上是主动关系，用现在分词作状语。