Unit 7 International Charities 单元核心语法讲解与训练（含答案） 2023-2024学年牛津译林版八年级英语下册

8B Unit7 International charities
单元语法讲解与训练
【概念导入】
1.语态是动词的一种形式，表示的是主语和谓语之间的关系。英语中的语态有两种:主动语态和被动语态。
当主语是谓语的执行者时，用主动语态。当主语是谓语的承受者时，用被动语态。例:
(1)We clean the classroom every day.我们每天都打扫教室。
(2)The classroom is cleaned (by us) every day.教室每天都被(我们)打扫。
2.被动语态由“be动词+及物动词的过去分词”构成。 Be必须与主语的人称、数保持一致。被动语态的时态也是通过动词的变化来表示。
3.被动语态的一般疑问句须将be动词移至主语前。否定句须在be动词后+not.
【一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态用法讲解】
被动语态的构成：
主语 be动词 过去分词
一般现在时 I am helped
You/We/They is
He/ She/ It are
一般过去时 I was helped
You/We/They were
He/She/It was
2. 被动语态的基本用法:
（1）需要强调动作的承受者时。例:
My bike was repaired.我的自行车修好了。
（2）在不知道动作的执行者是谁时。例:
The book i5 written for children.这本书是为孩子们写的。
（3）出于委婉或礼貌而避谈动作的执行者时。例:
This problem was talk about just now·这个问题刚才被讨论过。
（4）动作的执行者是泛指或不言自明时。例:
None of the books was taken away.没有一本书被拿走。
（5）在被动语态的句子中，如果我们需要指出动作的执行者，可以由by引出。例:
Mr Wu is liked all of his students.所有的学生都喜欢吴老师。
【注意】有些动词常用被动语态。如:
He was born in Nanjing.他生于南京。
This mobile phone was made in China.这部手机是中国制造的。
3. 主动语态与被动语态的句式转化:
主动语态 主语 She 谓语(主动式) hurt 宾语 me
被动语态 原宾语(改为主格) I 谓语(被动式) was hurt by 原主语(改为宾格) her.
主语+谓语+双宾语的句式转化:
主动语态 主语 He 谓语(主动式) passed 间宾 me 直宾 a book.
被动语态 原直宾 A book 谓语(被动式) was passed to me by 原主语(改为宾格) him
原间宾(改为主格) I 谓语(被动式) was passed 原直宾 a book by 原主语(改为宾格) him
【主动语态转化为被动语态的小口诀】
宾(语)变主（语），主变宾，by短语后面跟，谓语动词变被动，be后过分来使用，。例：
We planted many trees last year.
Many trees were planted by us last year.
阶梯训练
一、用括号中所给动词的被动语态填空
A.一般现在时的被动语态结构：_____________+及物动词的过去分词+其它+by sb.
1.Football__________ （play） all over the world。
2.Many trees_________（plant） in North China.
3.Rice__________（grow） in South China.
4.A camera _______（use） for taking photos
5.I _______ often ________（ask）to do this work.
B.一般过去时的被动语态结构：___________+及物动词的过去分词＋其它+by sb.
6.The house _________（build） in 1978.
7. All the students _____________ (ask) to bring a kite with them last Sunday
8.The car _________ (clean) by Dad yesterday.
9. I ________（tell）to wait for him right here.
10.When _____ the present ________（give）to him by his mother？
二、将下列句子改为被动语态
1.My uncle sent me a Christmas present last year .
A Christmas present _______ ________ to me by uncle last year.
2.She put the camera on the bed just now.
The camera ________ __________ on the bed ________ ________ just now.
3.Yesterday our teacher asked us to clean the classroom.
Yesterday ________ _______ asked to clean the classroom by our teacher.
4. Volunteer doctors do operations on the plane.
Operations _______ _______ ______ volunteer doctors on the plane.
5. ORBIS doctors helped many.
Many blind people ________ ________ _______ ORBIS doctors.
6. Do you look after your dog well
_______ your dog _______ _______ well _______ you
7. Did people set up Oxfam in 1942
______ Oxfam ________ _______ in 1942 by people
8. We didn’t hold a charity show this year.
A charity show _____ ______ _______ by _____ this year.
9. UNICEF provides clean water and food.
Clean water and food ________ _________ by UNICEF.
10. She doesn’t hand in her homework on time every day.
Her homework _______ ________ in by her on time every day.
三、单项选择
1. The sick boy to hospital by the police yesterday.
A . is taken B. was taken C. takes D. took
2. The new library building last week.
A. was completed B. is completed C. completed D. has completed
3. 一Do you often plant trees in spring
一Yes, many trees in our school every year.
A .plant B. are planting C. are planted D. is planted
4. I to get there before seven tomorrow, so I’ll have to get up early.
A. told B. have told C. will tell D. was told
5.A large number of engineers to Africa by our government to help the people there every year.
A. have sent B. will send C. are sent D. were sent
6. 一Who is the little baby in the photo, Susan
一It’s me. This photo ten years ago.
A . takes B. is taken C. took D. was taken
7. As China grows stronger and stronger, Chinese in more and more schools out of our country.
A. teaches B. is taught C. has taught D. was taught
8. 一Our environment is getting worse than before.
一You’re right. But thanks to Earth Day, people have done more and more useful things to protect the earth since Earth Day .
A. is started. B. was started C. has started D. will start
9 After the hero’s story on CCTV, many people are learning from him.
A. reports B. reported C. was reporting D. was reported
10. 一 Where did you go last night
—I to go to Li Lei’s birthday party.
A .invited B. am invited C. invites D. was invited
四、用括号中所给动词的被动语态完成下面的短文。
Today , I will tell you something about the charities. Basic education for poor people __________ (provide) by UNICEF in many countries. Money _________(donate) by kind people to help the poor children . It ________(set up )in Europe in 1946. Oxfam ________(set up) in the UK in 1942, and the first Oxfam shop ________(open) in 1948.A lot of things _________(sell) in Oxfam shops . The money _________(use) by Oxfam to help poor people. In china , there is a charity project to help poor children to go to school . It ________(call) Project Hope. It _______(start) in 1989 . Many schools _________(build) in poor areas each year.
参考答案
阶梯训练
一、用括号中所给动词的被动语态填空
A. am/ is./are 1. Is played 2. are planted 3.is grow 4.is use 5.am asked
B. was/were 6.was built 7.were asked 8.was cleaned 9.was told 10.was given
二、将下列句子改为被动语态
1. was sent 2.was put by her 3.we were 4.are done by 5.were helped by 6.ls looked after by 7.was not hold us 9.are provided 10.isn’t
三、单项选择
1-5 B A C D C 6-10 D B B D D
四、用括号中所给动词的被动语态完成下面的短文。
is provided , is donated , was set up , was set up , was opened , are sold , is used , is called , was started , are built