2024届高三下学期英语冲刺复习专项高中英语必备单词（五）课件(共29张PPT)

(共29张PPT)
高考英语
必备单词（五）
知识分析
01
freezing ['fri:zi ] adj.冰冻的
annual [' nju l] adj.每年的
antique [ n'ti:k] adj.古老的；n.古董
arise [ 'raiz] v.出现
unemployment [' nim'pl im nt] n.失业
gravity ['gr viti] n.重力
rural ['ru:r l] adj.农村的
scare [sk ] v.受惊吓
murder ['m :d ] n.谋杀；v.谋杀
horizon [h 'raizn] n.地平线
noble ['n ubl] adj.高贵的，贵族的
desperate ['desp rit] adj.绝望的
weaken ['wi:k n] v.削弱
seize [si:z] v.抓住
acknowledge [ k'n lid ] v.承认
payment ['peim nt] n.支付，报酬
priority [prai' riti] n.优先
procedure [pr 'si:d ] n.程序
quote [kw ut] n.引用；v.引述
luxury ['l k ri] n.豪华，奢侈
contemporary [k n'temp r ri] adj.当代的
cooperate [k u' p reit] v.合作(with)
classify ['kl s fa ] v.分类
tight [ta t] adj.紧的
tropical ['tr p kl] adj.热带的
fierce [fi s] adj.强烈的，凶猛的
flexible ['fleks bl] adj.灵活的
fortunate ['f :t nit] adj.幸运的
giant ['d ai nt] adj.巨大的
aggressive [ 'gresiv] adj.好斗的，上进的
anniversary [. ni'v :s ri] n.周年纪念
undoubtedly [ n'dautidli] adv.无疑地
deed [di:d] n.行为
barely ['b li] adv.几乎不
rival ['raiv l] n.对手；v.竞争
salary ['s l ri] n.薪水
hurricane ['h rik n] n.飓风
demonstrate ['dem nstreit] v.证明，演示
beneath [bi'ni:θ] prep.在…之下
brilliant ['brilj nt] adj.卓越的，杰出的
shortcoming [ :t k mi ] n.缺点
optional [' p nl] adj.任选的
paradise ['p r dais] n.天堂
emphasis ['emf sis] n.强调(on)，重点
permanent ['p :m n nt] adj.永久的
capture ['k pt ] v.捕获，占领
justice ['d stis] n.正义
keen [ki:n] adj.热衷的(on)；敏锐的
pure [pj r] adj.纯的，纯粹的
pursue [p 'sju:] v.追求
reform [ri'f :rm] v.改革；n.改革
legend ['led nd] n.传奇
clarify ['kl r fa ] v.阐明
subordinate [s 'b d n t] adj.下级的，次要的
swallow ['sw l ] v.吞下
transfer [tr ns'f (r)] v.转移
trigger ['tr ɡ (r)] v.触发
fasten ['f sn] v.使固定，系(to)
fulfill [ful'fil] v.完成
arrest [ 'rest] v.逮捕
unbelievable [. nbi'li:v bl] adj.难以臵信的
unconscious [ n'k n s] adj.无知觉(意识)的
unforgettable [' nf 'get bl] adj.难忘的
valid ['v lid] adj.有效的
deadline ['dedlain] n.截止时间
restore [ri'st :] v.修复，恢复
reveal [ri'vi:l] v.显示，表明
immigrant ['imigr nt] n.移民
opponent [ 'p un nt] n.对手
shrink [ ri k] v.缩水，收缩
skeptical ['skeptik l] adj.怀疑的
abstract [ b'str kt] adj.抽象的，理论的
abuse [ 'bju:z] n.滥用；v.滥用
accumulate [ 'kju:mjuleit] v.积累
accustom [ 'k st m] v.使习惯(to)
pesticide ['pestisaid] n.杀虫剂
capability [.keip 'biliti] n.能力
cater ['keit ] v.迎合（for)
fancy ['f nsi] v.想象，喜欢
polish ['p li ] v.磨光，完善
portable ['p :t bl] adj.手提式的
protest ['pr utest] v.抗议(against)
stimulus ['st mj l s] n.刺激
summarize ['s m ra z] v.概述
superior [su 'p ri (r)] adj.上层的，较高的(to)
surgery ['s d ri] n.外科手术
thoroughly ['θ r li] adv.彻底地
trail [tre l] n.小径
tremble ['trembl] v.发抖
format ['f :m t] n.板式；v.设计
fundamental [.f nd 'mentl] adj.基本的；n.基础
anonymous [ 'n nim s] adj.匿名的
appetite [' pitait] n.食欲(for)，嗜好
arouse [ 'rauz] v.引起
awful [' :ful] adj.糟糕的
vain [vein] adj.徒劳的(in ~ 徒劳无功)
restless ['restlis] adj.不安的
reverse [ri'v :s] v.逆转；adj.相反的
moderate ['m d reit] adj.适度的
offence [ 'fens] n.冒犯，犯罪
delicate ['delikit] adj.脆弱的，精细的
wag [w g] v.(狗)摇摆(尾巴)；n.摇摆
breakthrough ['breik,θru:] n.突破
reluctant [ri'l kt nt] adj.不情愿的，勉强的
accent [' ks nt] n.口音，重音
adequate [' dikwit] adj.足够的
pavement ['peivm nt] n.人行道
prejudice ['pred udis] n.偏见
prosperity [pr s'periti] n.繁荣，兴旺
resemble [ri'zembl] v.与…相似
resolution [.rez 'lu: n] n.解决，决心
mature [m 'tju ] adj.成熟的
latter ['l t ] adj.后者的
lean [li:n] v.倚，倾斜
compound ['k mpa nd] n.化合物
tolerate ['t l re t] v.容忍，忍受
transmission [tr ns'm n] n.传输
approximately [ 'pr ksimitli] adv.大约地，近似地
artificial [.ɑ:ti'fi l] adj.人造的
athletic [ θ'letik] adj.运动的，健壮的
awkward [' :kw d] adj.尴尬的
模拟练习
02
If you’ve ever noticed uneasiness in your puppy around an unwelcome houseguest，you might be onto something．A new study found that dogs can really sense bad behavior in humans，and are less likely to accept treats from those people．
For the study，which was published in the January edition of Neuroscience & biobehavioral Reviews，researchers set up a scene in which a dog watched his owner try to open a container while two actors were on set．In a series of three tries one of the actors would help the owner open the container，respond neutrally(中立地)，or refuse to help open the container．The other actor responded passively in all three tries．At each end of the try，both actors would offer the dog a treat at the same time．In the tries where the working actor had responded either helpfully or neutrally，the dog was equally likely to accept a treat from either of the two actors．In the third try where he had responded rudely，the dog was more likely to choose the passive actor．
James Anderson，a psychologist who worked on the study at Kyoto University，told the New Scientist that the dogs most likely have a similar ability to notice bad behavior in humans as human babies do．“If somebody is behaving badly，they probably end up with some sort of emotional reaction to it,”he says．Babies have been shown to begin to make these types of connections around age one．
So while you can’t ask your dog’s opinion every time you’re facing a difficult situation，you can consider his judgment of your new friends when thinking about whether they are kind or not．Of course，we’11 suggest doing so according to the situation and your own consideration，but it wouldn’t hurt to take note!
1. What does the new study mainly show
A. Dogs can read humans’thoughts．
B. Dogs are unwilling to accept treats from people
C. Dogs can sense unfriendliness of humans．
D. Dogs feel uneasy around strange people．
2. In the third try，why was the dog more likely to choose the passive actor
A. The dog wanted to please him．
B. His treats appeared more attractive．
C. His action stayed the same during three tries．
D. The dog considered the other actor rude．
3. What does the underlined word”they”in Paragraph 3 refer to
A. Humans． B. Dogs．
C. Babies． D. Psychologies．
【答案】1. C 2. D 3. B
【解析】本文是一篇科普方面的文章。文章主要讲述了一项新的研究发现，狗可以感觉到人类的不良行为。
2. 细节理解题。根据文章第二段最后一句In the third try where he had responded rudely，the dog was more likely to choose the passive actor．可知，狗认为其他演员粗鲁，故选D。
3. 词义推测题。根据前一句old the New Scientist that the dogs most likely have a similar ability to notice bad behavior in humans as human babies do．可知，这里的they指代前句中的dogs。故选B。
The most powerful rocket to leave Earth since the Apollo missions launched(发射)from Florida on February 6．
What was the launch trying to achieve
The Falcon(猎鹰)Heavy test flight was mostly a proof-of-concept，showing the world it is possible to successfully fly a rocket with three re-usable boosters(助推器)beyond orbit．SpaceX billionaire Elon Musk said that the company planned to aim the rocket so the electric car reached Mars’(火星)orbital path around the sun about six months after launch．
He added that the car could pass close to the red planet as it crossed its orbit，though he admitted this was‘extremely unlikely’．
What does SpaceX gain from the flight
SpaceX was built around the idea that reusable rockets could greatly reduce the cost of carrying cargo(货物)into space for paying customers，such as satellites or space station resupplies．
Showing that the huge Falcon Heavy rocket actually works is important if SpaceX plans to sell cargo space on the craft in future，with the company planning to charge customers $90 million per flight．
Has SpaceX achieved its goals
Musk repeatedly warned Falcon Heavy would likely explode on the launch station as a result of its huge power．SpaceX had slightly overcooked one of the rocket’s booster burns，sending the main capsule out of its planned track．The car will likely end up further into the solar system than intended，missing Mars．
In short，the rocket made it beyond Earth’s orbit—SpaceX’s primary goal—but missed its targets to re-land all three boosters and send Musk’s Tesla to Mars．
Does that matter
SpaceX’s failure to re-land all three of its boosters will be a concern for potential customers．Despite the faults，the launch has still been praised by industry experts as a game—changer because of its potential to motivate the company to the very forefront of the modern day space race．
Once it irons out the errors，SpaceX will offer cargo rides aboard the most powerful operational rocket in the world．
8. Why did SpaceX launch the Falcon Heavy—the most powerful rocket
A. To fly a rocket with three re-usable boosters beyond orbit．
B. To test the function of his eclectic car—Tesla．
C. To send the electric car to the orbital path of Mars．
D. To help the government to explore the Mars．
9. What effect will the reusable rockets bring
A. The cost of satellites or space station resupplies will be reduced．
B. More customers can afford the space flight in the future．
C. SpaceX will gain less profit from the flight．
D. They would likely cause explosion．
10. What goal did SpaceX achieve in the last
A. It sent the main capsule into its planned track．
B. The car ended up further into the solar system as intended．
C. The rocket made the car beyond Earth’s orbit．
D. It re-landed all three boosters and sent Musk’s Tesla to Mars．
11. How would the professionals feel about the future of SpaceX
A. It’s unexpected． B. It’s ambiguous．
C. It’s discouraging． D. It’s hopeful．
【答案】8. C 9. B 10. C 11. D
【解析】本文是一篇科普类阅读短文。文章主要叙述了自从２月６日阿波罗号发射以来，又一个最强大的火箭离开地球。
8. 细节理解题。根据文章第二段SpaceX billionaire Elon Musk said that the company planned to aim the rocket so the electric car reached Mars’(火星)orbital path around the sun about six months after launch．可知，SpaceX发射猎鹰重型火箭的原因是将电动汽车送到火星轨道。故选C。
9. 推理判断题。根据文章第四段SpaceX was built around the idea that reusable rockets could greatly reduce the cost of carrying cargo(货物)into space for paying customers，such as satellites or space station resupplies．可知，可重复使用的火箭可以大大降低运载货物的成本，从而可以推断出更多的客户可以负担得起未来的太空飞行。故选B。
10. 细节理解题。根据文章倒数第三段In short，the rocket made it beyond Earth’s orbit—SpaceX’s primary goal—but missed its targets to re-land all three boosters and send Musk’s Tesla to Mars．可知火箭使汽车越过了地球的轨道。故选C。
11. 推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段Despite the faults，the launch has still been praised by industry experts as a game—changer because of its potential to motivate the company to the very forefront of the modern day space race．可知，尽管有失误，不过专业人士仍然认为SpaceX未来仍然给人以希望。故选D。
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