2016年外研版选修六Module 1 Small Talk language points学案

Module 1 Small talk
language points学案
学习目标
1. Words: lack, adva ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nce, nod, opportunity, impolite, favour, outspoken, absence, coincidence, tease, apology, anyhow, modest, interrupt, imagine, purpose, apologise
2. Phrases: small tal ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )k, make friends, be nervous about, think of, body language, look away from, social rules, in addition, find out, human being, put one’s foot in one’s mouth, as a consequence, cheer sb up, leave out, (be) aware of, take the lead, show off
3. Sentences:
(1) When someone talk ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s, everyone is expected to listen, no matter how dull the person’s speaking may be.
(2) … and the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) famous invitation “if you are ever in Minneapolis/ San Diego / Poughkeepsie, do call by and see us!” is never made without a genuine desire to meet again.
(3) It is estimated ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) that 80%% of all conversations in English is small talk.
(4) Imagine a sit ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )uation where two strangers are talking to each other after someone they both know has left the home, or the café or party, etc.
Introduction and cultural corner
重点句型讲解
1. It is estimate ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d that 80%% of all conversations in English is small talk.
据估计，英语会话中有80%是聊天。
(1) It is estimated that 据估计……/人们估计……
It’s reported that 据报道 It’s said that 据说 It’s believed that人们认为
据说，AAA模式在闲聊时起作用（work）
It is said that AAA model works in small talk.
(2) It is estimated that …结构中it是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的句子。
It is still unknown ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) which class will win the school debate competition.
译： 哪个班会赢 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )得校辩论赛冠军还不知道
2. Imagine a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) situation where two strangers are talking to each other after someone they both know has left the home, or the café or party, etc.
译：设想一个场景：双方都认识的人离开了房间、咖啡馆或聚会后，两个互不相识的人开始攀谈
此句主句为Imagine a situation. where…or party, etc. 为定语从句，修饰situation.
It is helpful to pu ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t children in a situation where they can see themselves differently.
译： 让孩子们处在他们能看出彼此不同的处境中，这是很有助益的。
不要让他处于尴尬的境地 （embarrassed）
译： don’t put him i ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n a situation where he will feel embarrassed.
3. They found something they have in common at last.
译： 最终，他们发现一些他们共同的东西
Reading
Ⅰ Activity 2 on page 2
Ⅱ Careful reading (Fill in the table)
Topic Good 1. _social s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )kills_ help you communicate well and know how to have a conversation.
Methods Learn how to do small talk Think of a recent ne ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ws story. Think of things to tell people about your studies. Think of “2. _safe_” things you can ask people’s opinions about. Think of topics that would be 3. _avoided_ if you were talking to strangers.
Develop your listening skills Dos Show that you are ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )listening by using 4. _ encouraging noises and gesturesKeep good eye contact. Use 5. _positive_ body language. Ask for more information.
Don’ts Look at your watch. Yawn or sigh. Look away from the person 6. __who is talking to you__. Change the subject. Finish other people’s sentences for them.
Learn the rules Arrive 7. _on time_ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )at a party in some countries; in other countries, you don’t need to.Know 8. _how long you should stay_ and when you have to leave. Find out whether to take 9. _a gift__ to hosts and what to take.
Ⅲ Activity 3 on page 3
Ⅳ Language points
1. Have you ever cr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ossed the road to avoid talking to someone you recognize.
译: 你是否做过类似的事情：看见认识的人后，故意过马路以避免与其讲话？ .
基本结构为： have you ever crossed the road
to avoid talking to someone 做 目的状语
you recognize 为 定 从句，修饰 someone .
2. Do you want to mak ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e more friends but lack the confidence to talk to people you don’t know
译 你是不是想交更多朋友，但又没信心和那些你不认识的人说话。
make friends (with sb) 和……交友 ; lack the confidence 缺乏信心
3. Small talk ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )is very important and prepares you for more serious conversations. Be prepared! Have some low risk conversation openers ready. （P2）
译
使……准备……prepare sb for … ；做好准备be prepared ； 准备……Have…ready…
4. In addition, you ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) need to know how long you should stay, and when you should leave（P3）
In addition 除此之外，另外____
（1）In addition to tu ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ition fees, students have to pay for their bus fare.
译 除了学费，学生还要付车费.
（2）除游泳外她还喜欢打网球。
译In addition to swimming, she likes playing tennis.
6. Remember also that ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )in some countries, you mustn’t take the flowers of a certain color, because they are unlucky. （P3）
译（划线部分） 某种颜色的花
※ A certain ：某种 = some
Eg. 在会上由于某种原因他什么也没说。
He said nothing at the meeting for a certain reason.
Homework
1. 过马路 cross the road 2. 避免做…… avoid doing sth
3. 和……交友 make friends (with) 4. 紧张、害怕…… be nervous about…
5. 做计划 do a planning →预先计划一下 do an advanced planning
6. 低出错的开场白 a low- ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )risk conversation openner 7. 社交技能 social skill
8. 使……准备…… prepare ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) sb for sth 9. 做好准备 be prepared (for sth)
10. 准备…… have …ready 11. 双向的过程 a two-way process
12. 涉及做……involve doi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ng … 12. 某种颜色的花 flowers of a certain color
13. 将视线移离…… look ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )away from 14. 除此之外 in addition
15. 缺乏信心 lack the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) confidence 16. 点头同意 nod in agreement
17. 鼓励性的声音和姿势 encou ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )raging noises and gestures 18.社交规则 social rules
19. 积极肯定的体态语言 positive body languages
20. 和一个人谈论他自己他会跟你说上几小时。
Talk to a man about himself, and he will speak to you for hours.
21. How to have good social skills
Reading and vocabulary
一．英汉互译
1. 每次；每当 every time… 2. 结果 as a consequence
3. 另外一次 on another occasion 4. 让某人高兴起来 cheer sb up
5. 大多数时候 mo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )st of the time 6. outspoken human being 直言不讳的人
7. be cautious about ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) 对……小心在意 8. put one’s foot in one’s mouth 讲错话
9. go through 经历 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) 10. discourage sb. from doing sth. 阻止…做……
11. make an apology 道歉 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) 12. 我宁愿不说。 I’d rather not to say
13. 真巧啊！ What ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )a coincidence！ 14. When’s your baby due ” 你什么时候生宝宝？
15.每次我张开嘴就会讲错话。 Every time I open my mouth, I put my foot in it.
16. 她成不了一位优秀的推销员也就不是巧合了。 It was no coincidence that she wasn’t a
very good saleswoman
二． 根据句意及首字母提示完成下列句子。
1. In the absenc ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e of the manager, I shall be in charge of the company.
2. The new store acro ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ss the street has taken away most of my customers, and it is a great loss to my store.
3. The Finance Dire ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ctor was unable to attend the meeting and sent her apology.
4. He was not my ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )close friend; I made his acquaintance at a party last weekend.
5. She is very m ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )odest about her success though she had a drawer of medals.
6. Next Monday is my parents’ 31st wedding anniversary_.
三．用适当的介词或副词填空。
1. He has little ac ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )quaintance _with____ Japanese, but he speaks English fluently.
2. Some of the players may, ___on___ occasion, break the rules.
3. Employers may become overly cautious __about_ taking on new staff.
4. May I ask a favor ___of__ you
5. Just think abo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ut what you went __through___ last time you gave up smoking.
6. The rain discouraged us ___from____ going out.
四．根据括号内的汉语提示完成下列句子，每空一词。
1. He didn’t reali ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ze that he had __put his foot in his mouth___ (说错话).
2. _The absence of_ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )_ (缺少) sunlight made it difficult to take good pictures.
3. In consequence of_ (由于) smoking, my father coughs frequently.
4. It was ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )a coincidence that_ (真巧) he was born on his mother’s birthday.
5. I only ever us ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e that machine _on special occasions_(在特殊的场合) so it’s as good as new to me.
6. She __lef ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t out__ (漏掉) the date on the cheque when she filled in the form.
7. The dog may bite you if you _keep teasing__ (一直挑逗) it.
8. Jim got an _enthusiastic reception _ (热情接待) when he returned home.
9. At the formal ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )party John looks awkward__ (看起来不自在) and out of place.
10. The job _inv ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )olves traveling abroad (包括国外旅行) for three months each year.
Reading and writing
1. I have a favor to ask. 译： 我有一事恳请帮忙。
※ Can I ask you a favor 我能请你帮个忙吗？ → ask sb. a favor 请某人帮忙
※ Do sb. a favor to do sth. 帮某人一个忙
你能帮忙关掉灯吗？
_Can you do me a favor to turn off the lights
※ in favor of sth./sb. 支持，同意
2. I wonder if yo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )u would be kind enough to answer these questions. (客气表达)
Eg. 我不知道你能否把这个便条递给玛丽。
___ I wonder if you would be kind enough to pass the note to Mary _
Reading practice
1. When someo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ne talks, everyone is expected to listen, no matter how dull the person’s speaking may be.
(1) 主句为everyone is expected to listen
When someone talks为时间状语从句；
no matter how dull the person’s speaking may be.为让步状语从句。
(2) be expecte ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d to do sth. 意思为“被期望/被要求做什么”，经常翻译为“应该”等于be supposed to do sth.
2. The famous invitati ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )on “if you are ever in Minneapolis/ San Diego / Poughkeepsie, do call by and see us!” is never made without a genuine desire to meet again.
（1）基本结构为：the famous invitation is never made.
“if you are ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ever in Minneapolis/ San Diego / Poughkeepsie, do call by and see us!”说明invitation的内容。
（2）Do call by and see us 句中 do 用来强调。“do/does/did＋动词原形”可用来强调谓语。如：
Do come this evening. 译 今晚一定要来
他昨天确实开会迟到了。译 He did come late for the meeting yesterday.
（3）Call by 顺路拜访 call on sb. 拜访某人 call at some place 拜访某地
3. …particul ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )arly if you clearly show you’re aware of culture differences, they may hesitate before they ask you similar questions.
※ be aware of 知道；意识到
※ 他很清楚这个问题。 译：He is well aware of the question.
Homework
1. 应该 be expected to do … 2. be aware of 意识到……
3. take the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )lead 带头 4. lead to 导致
5. make compliment ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s 赞美…… 6. 炫耀自己的财富 show off one’s wealth
7. 顺路拜访 call by 8. 最新的电影 the latest movie
9. 两个 a couple of 10. leisure interest 业余爱好
11. cultural differences 文化差异
12. There are no sp ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ecial rules or signs of extra respect for elderly people.
13. To show our respec ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t, we usually have to take our gloves off whoever we are to shake hands
with （无论你跟谁握手）.
14. However wel ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )l prepared you are (无论你准备多好), you still need a lot of luck in mountain
climbing.
15. Please don’t hesitate to contact me if you need help.
译：如果需要帮忙的话，请一定和我联系。
16. It was severa ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )l minutes before I was aware of what was happening. （我意识到正发生什么）
Grammar and Function
Task 1
Find the expression for:
1. obligation: ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) must do, mustn’t do, have to do
2. lack of obligation: ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) don’t need to do, needn’t do, don’t have to do
Task 2 完成第5页的活动3、4
Task 3 As a student, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) you must
you have to
you don’t have to
you needn’t
you mustn’t
Task 4. 请同学们先观察下面的句子， 然后小组讨论这两个短语的区别。
It was Sunday. He didn ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )’t need to go to work. (So, he didn’t go. He stayed home or went somewhere else.)
That year, he w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )as young and didn’t need to serve in the army. (In fact he didn’t. He was studying at school.)
The manager didn’t nee ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d to do such thing s himself. (In fact he didn’t do them. Someone else did them.)
The poor girl ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) needn’t have waited for so long in the rain. (Unfortunately she waited)
You needn’t h ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ave said so much about your being late. (But you kept explaining.)
They needn’t have ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )written the letter to the headmaster. (They wrote a letter to the headmaster but it was not necessary.)
通过上述例句
Task 5 完成第6、7页活动2、3、4
附 情态动词＋have done 用法归纳
英汉互译
1. Guess what! Jane ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )has got A for her paper. He must have read widely.
猜怎么了！简论文得了A.她一定读了很多东西
2. I was very con ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )cerned about you. You shouldn’t have left home without a word.
我快担心死你了，你不应该什么都不说就离开家。
3. You could have done it better but you were too careless.
你本来可以做得更好但你太粗心了。
4. She didn’t get there in time. She may have missed the bus.
她没有及时到那儿，她可能误了公共汽车。
5. My sister stay ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ed with me yesterday so she can’t have attended your lecture.
我姐姐昨天和我在一起，所以她不可能去听了你的讲座。
6. 你肯定知道了真相 (truth)。
You must have ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )known the truth.
7. 你本来应该早点把工作做完。
You should have finished the work earlier.
上午九点我在街上碰到他了，所以他不可能在上课 (have a class)
I met him on the street at 9:00, so he can’t have had a class.
8. 她昨天没来上课。她或许感冒了.
She didn’t co ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )me to class yesterday. She might have caught a cold.
情态动词语法练习（选做作业）
1. I can’t find my purse anywhere.
--You ____ have lost it while shopping. (2008 重庆)
A. may B. can C. should D. would
2. Oh, I’m not fee ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ling well in the stomach. I _____ so much fried chicken just now.
A. shouldn’t eat B. mustn’t have eaten
C. shouldn’t have eaten D. mustn’t eat
3. ---Shall I tell John about it
--- No, you____. I have told him already.
A. needn’t B. wouldn’t C. mustn’t D. shouldn’t
4. She ____ have left school, for her bike is still here. (2008天津)
A. can’t B. wouldn’t C. shouldn’t D. needn’t
5. He __________ have completed his work; otherwise, he wouldn’t be enjoying himself by the seaside. (北京卷)
A. should B. must C. wouldn’t D. can’t
6. —Tom is never late for work. Why is he absent today (江西卷)
—Something ________ to him.
A．must happen B．should have happened
C．could have happened D．must have happened
7. John, look at ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the time. ___________ you play the piano at such a late hour （全国卷3）
A．Must B．Can C．May D．Need
8. Tom, you leave all your clothes on the floor like this ! （全国卷1）
A．wouldn’t B．mustn’t C．needn’t D．may not
9. I _______have ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )been more than six years old when the accident happened. （天津卷）
A. shouldn't B. couldn't C. mustn't D. needn't
10. This cak ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e is very sweet. You __________ a lot of sugar in it. （辽宁卷）
A．should put B．could have put C．might put D．must have put
ACAAB, DABBD
__________________________________________________________________________
Lesson 17 Always young （青春永驻）
My aunt Jennifer ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) is an actress. She must be at least thirty-five years old. In spite of this, she often appears on the stage as a young girl. Jennifer will have to take part in a new play soon. This time, she will be a girl of seventeen. In the play, she must appear in a bright red dress and long black stockings. Last year in another play, she had to wear short socks and a bright, orange-colored dress. If anyone ever asks her how old she is, she always answers, 'Darling, it must be terrible to be grown up!'
* 参考译文
我的姑姑詹妮弗是位演员, 她至少也 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )有35岁了. 尽管如此, 她却常在舞台上扮演小姑娘. 詹妮弗很快又要参加一个新剧的演出. 这一次, 她将扮演一个17岁的少女. 演出时她必须穿一条鲜红色的裙子和黑色的长筒袜. 去年在演另一个剧时, 她不得不穿短袜和一件鲜艳的橘红色的衣服. 一旦有人问起她有多大年纪, 她总是回答: “亲爱的, 长成大人真可怕啊!”
* 课文注释
1. She must be at least thirty-five years old.
must be:对现在情况的一种肯定猜测，带有一定的肯定程度。at least:至少
2. in spite of: 尽管
3. in a bright red dress: 穿一件鲜红色的裙子。介词in表示“穿着”。
4. orange-colored: 橘红色的
5. grown up: 成熟的，成人的
* 文化角
There are two ques ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tions to be avoided at all costs. The first is 'Never ask a woman how old she is'. The second is, 'never ask a man how much he earns'.
Imagine vt. →__imagination_ n. →imaginable/imaginative adj.
I can’t imagine living in a place where there are no cars.
→想像做……_imagine doing sth
→你能想象在雨中漫步吗？_Can you imagine walking in the rain
avoid vt. 避免做…… avoid doing sth
避免犯错误是不容易的 It is not easy to avoid making mistakes.
a. She is lacking in confidence in learning math. (划线部分翻译 缺乏 )
b. More and more high-rise buildings have been built in big cities for lack of space. ( 因为缺乏)
c. Health problems are closely connected with bad eating habits and a (缺乏运动)
Prepare vi.做好准备； vt. 把……准备好，使……有准备;
a. He wanted us to prepare (for the exam) beforehand.
老师要我们为运动会做好准备 The teacher wants us to prepare for the sports meeting.
b. Have you prepared lunch, Mum
你应该努力准备接下来的考试You should struggle to prepare the coming exam.
c. she is preparing herself to make a speech.
父母应该使孩子为未来做好准备. Parents should prepare their children for their future.
must do …, mustn’t do…, don’t need to do …, needn’t do …, have to do…, don’t have to
Didn’t need to do sth. 表示 过去不必做某事
Needn’t have done sth. 表示 过去本不必做某事
（1) must have done：一定…… （对过去动作推测）
（2）can’t /couldn’t have done：决不可能……（对过去动作推测）
（3）may/might have done：有可能…… （过去动作的推测，可能性很小）
（4）could have done本来能够。。。；用来表本来能做而没做
（5）should /ought to have done：本应该做而没做
→shouldn’t/ oughtn’t to have done本来不应该而做了……