高考英语一轮复习学案 人教新课标必修一Unit 5 Nelson Mandela—a modern hero

Unit 5 Nelson Mandela-a modern hero
ELIAS’ STORY
My name is Elias. ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )I am a poor black worker in South Africa. The time __1_______ I first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of my life. I was twelve years old. It was in 1952 and Mandela was the black lawyer ___2_____ whom I went for advice. He offered guidance to poor black people on their legal problems. He was generous with his time, for ___3______ I was grateful.
I needed his help b ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ecause I had very little education .I began school at six. The school ___4______I studied for only two years was three kilometres away. I had to leave because my family could not continue to pay the school fees and the bus fare. I could not read __5_______write well. After ____6________(try) hard, I got a job in a gold mine. However, this was a time ____7_______ one had got to have a passbook to live in Johannesburg. Sadly I did not have it because I was not born there, and I worried about ___8__________I would become out of work.
The day when Nelson ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) Mandela helped me was one of my happiest. He told me how to get the correct papers so I could stay in Johannesburg. I became more hopeful about my future. I never forgot how kind Mandela was. When he organized the ANC Youth League, I joined it as soon as I could. He said:“The last thirty years __9__________(see) the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress, until today we have reached a stage ___10__________ we have almost no right at all.”
It was the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )truth. Black people could not vote or choose their leaders. They could not get the jobs they wanted. The parts of town in which they had to live were decided by white people. The places outside the towns where they were sent to live were the poorest parts of South Africa. No one could grow food there. In fact as Nelson Mandela said:
“ ... we were put i ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nto a position ___11___________ we had either to accept we were less important, or fight the government. We chose to attack the laws. We first broke the law in a way _12________ was peaceful; when this was not allowed ... only then __13__________ we decide to answer violence with violence.”
As a matter of ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )fact, I do not like violence ... but in 1963 I helped him blow up some government buildings. It was very dangerous because if I _____14___________(catch)I could be put in prison. But I was happy to help because I knew it would help us achieve our dream of making black and white people equal.
Using Language
THE REST OF ELIAS’ STORY
You cannot imagin ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e how the name of Robben Island made us afraid. It was a prison __1_______ which no one escaped. There I spent the hardest time of my life. But when I got there Nelson Mandela was also there and he helped me. Mr Mandela began a school for those of us _2________ had little learning. He taught us during the lunch breaks and the evenings _3_________ we should have been asleep. We read books under our blankets and used anything we could find to make candles _4_________(see) the words. I became a good student. I wanted to study for my degree but I was not allowed to do that. Later, Mr Mandela allowed the prison guards to join us. He said they should not ___5__________(stop) from studying for their degrees. They were not cleverer than me, but they did pass their exams. So I knew I could get a degree too. That made me feel good about myself.
When I finished the fo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ur years in prison, I went to find a job. Since I was better _6____________(educate), I got a job working in an office. However, the police found out and told my boss that I had been in prison for blowing up government building. So I lost my job. I did not work again for twenty years __7_________ Mr Mandela and the ANC came to bower in 1994. All that time my wife and children had to beg for food and help from relatives or friends. Luckily Mr Mandela remembered me and gave me a job taking tourists around my old prison on Robben Island. I felt bad the first time I talked to a group. All the terror and fear of that time came back to me. I remembered the beatings and the __8___________(cruel) of the guards and my friends who had died. I felt I would not be able to do it, but my family encouraged me. They said that the job and the pay from the new South African government were my reward after working all my life for equal rights for the Blacks. So now at 51 I am proud to show visitors over the prison, for I helped to make our people free in their own land.
自学加油站
1.---who devo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tes his /her life to helping others. devote vt. 献身于，致力于
短语：devote…to … devote oneself to…= be devoted to
注意： to 为介词，后接名词，动名词，代词
Eg. He devot ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ed his whole life to teaching. He was devoted to teaching / his wife.
I don’t think we should devote any more time to this question.
【考题链接】If you have a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) job，yourself to it and finally you’ll succeed．（10四川）
A．do devote B．do ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n't devote C．devoting D．not devoting
_________ to his research, he cares little about anything else.
A. Devoting B. Devote C. Devoted D. Having devoted
2.He died for his ideas.
die for “为….而死” Eg: He said that he would die for his country.
【辨析】die of 与 die from
die of “因…. 而死 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )”（原因多来自内部：情感，生病，冻饿等）其后常加：hunger, cold poison, illness, old age, disease, boredom, thirst, sorrow, disappointed love, fever, heat等。
die from “ 由于… 而死 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )”（原因常来自外部）后常加：a wound, lack of food, an accident, overwork, carelessness, drinking, a heart attack, some unknown cause.
E.g.: In the war, he died from a wound.
3. Who do you think is a great person do you think 用作插入语，不做任何成分。
插入语应位于疑问词或连词之后，且其后的句子保持正常语序。
Who / what / which / when / where / how do you think --- ---
When do you think ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )it will turn fine How do you think we can get the river clean again
常用做插入语的结构： do you t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hink; do you believe; do you know; do you suggest; I think; I know;等。
4. He was the first man to land on the moon in July, 1969.
the first man to land第一个着陆的人，序数词或由序数词所修饰的名词要用不定式作定语。
He is the fir ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )st man to come here. The last one to arrive pays the meal.
5.mean adj. (1) ( + about / over / with ) 吝啬的，小气的 her husband is very ~ about money.
(2) 卑鄙的， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )心地不好的 Don’t be so ~ to your little brother. This is a ~trick!
(3) Friendship is meant for life. 友谊注定是一辈子的事。
Vt. (1) 意味 I realized what he meant.
(2) mean to do 打算做 Do you mean to go without money
(3) mean doing 意味着 To a certain degree, to raise wages ~s increasing purchasing power.
6. The time when I ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )first met Nelson Mandela was a difficult period of my life.
第一次见到曼德拉时，是我一生中非常艰难的时期。
time 作先行词时，如果意思是“次数”或被序数词修饰时，关系代词用that 或省略that。
This is the last time that I shall give you a lesson.
The first time I saw him was in 1980.
By the time he was 14, he had learned advanced mathematics.
如果time意思是“时间”并在定语从句中作状语时，用关系副词when。
I miss the time when we were together.
I still remember the time when I was young.
【考题链接】There was ____time____ I hated to go to school.（2004湖北卷）
A．a; that B． the; when C．the; that D．a; when (Key: D)
By the time Jack re ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )turned home from England, his son. from college.（2011·辽宁）
A. graduated B. has graduated C. had been D. had graduated (Key: D)
time 前加a, 表一段时期。when = during which
7.. “The last thirty y ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ears have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress, until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.”
“过去30年来所出现的大量法律剥夺了我们的权力，阻挡了我们的进步，一直到今天，我们还处在几乎什么权力都没有的阶段。”
①see (v.): witness. 在此句中意为 “见证”的意思.
2008 saw the great achievements of our country.
②stage在这句中的意思是peri ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )od or step in the development, growth or progress of sb/sth.某人/物的发展、成长、或进步的时期或阶段，与at连用。当先行词为point, case, situation, stage, degree， position，scene，part等表示抽象意义的地点时，关系词用where或与之同等的介词in / at/ to + which。
We were put into a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )position in which we had either to accept we were less important or fight the government.
At this stage where ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )everything is hidden ,it’s too early to say what will happen..
At that time we r ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eached a stag where we had more women readers than men readers.
Increasing poverty ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) has led to a situation where the poorest can’t afford to have children.
Human facial expres ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )sions differ from those of animals in the degree to which they can be controlled on purpose.
In the film th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e part where he broke into the door suddenly let the audience scream.
【考题链接】Later i ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n this chapter cases will be introduced to readers ____ consumer complaints have resulted in changes in the law. (2008江西卷)
where B. when ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) C. who D. which (Key: A)
stage n (1) 舞台 we shall perform all our plays on our school ~.
(2) 阶级；时期 The baby has reached its talking stage.
The plan is still in its early ~ / at early ~.
8. We first broke the law in a waywhich was peaceful.
我们首先以某种和平的方式违反法律。
way做先行词时，如果在定语从句中作状语，关 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )系词可用in which，或that或不填。如果先行词way在定语从句中作主语或宾语，关系代词用that或which。作宾语时还可省略关系代词。
I don’t like the way you speak to others.
I didn’t like the way (which/that) our monitor thought of.
in a way 在某种程度上；in the way挡道；on the way在途中；by the way 顺便说一下
【考题链接】—I think he is taking an active part in social work.
—I agree with you____.（2007陕西卷）
A. on the way B. in ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) a way C. by the way D. in the way (Key: B)
9. In 1963 I helped him blow up some government buildings.
blow up
（1）爆炸,炸毁 The ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) bomb blew up. Rebels attempted to blow up the bridge.
(2)给(轮胎)打气,把(气球)吹起来 I have to get my front tires blown up.
The children blew up their balloons and threw them into the air.
(3)责骂,发火 When we arrived so late, our mother blew us up.
(4)(坏天气等)突然开始,爆发 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) There is a storm blowing up. Our old argument has blown up again.
10. When this was not ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) allowed, Only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.
只是在那时我们才决定以暴力对暴力。
only then 此处引起倒装句 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，当only修饰时间、条件、方式状语，表强调放于位于句首时，句子采用部分倒装的结构,但在强调句中不倒装。
Only by practic ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ing a few hours every day will you be able to master English.
Only in this way can we learn English well.
Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting.
注意：如果句子为主从复合句，则主句倒装，从句不倒装。
Only when he is seriously ill does he ever stay in hospital.
only 修饰主语时，句子不倒装。Only he knew how to solve the problem.
【考题链接】It was onl ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y after he had read the papers Mr. Gross realized the task before him was extremely difficult to complete.
A when B. that C. which D. what
Only by increasing ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the number of doctors by 50 percent properly in this hospital.
A. can be the patients treated B. can the patients be treated
C. the patients can be treated D. treated can be the patients
（扩）1.表否定意义的副词、连词或 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )短语置于句首时，用部分倒装。如：not, never, hardly, seldom, little, not only, at no time.
2.So / neither / nor +助动词 / 情态动词 / be动词 + 主语（表示前一句话的内容也适合该句主语）。
3.So / such … that … 句型中，若so / such …放于句首时，句子用部分倒装。
11. The scientist never lost heart when he was in trouble.
lose heart表示“丧失信心” ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )或“情绪低落”。而lose one’s heart是“爱上了”，需要用介词to说明爱的对象。Please don’t lose heart; you still have more chances.
lose one’s heart to sb / sth 爱上; learn sth by heart 记住；
put one’s heart into sth---一心扑在---上； heart and soul 全心全意地
She lost her heart to him as soon as she saw the handsome soldier.
Nothing is difficul ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t in the world if you put your heart into it 世上无难事，只怕有心人。
Don’t lose heart；make another try．
Tom lost his heart to the lovely dog at first sight．
After gradua ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tion he was sent to work in Tibet．Not long afterwards he lost his heart to the people there．
【考题链接】Keep on try ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ing. Never _____. I’m sure you’ll succeed sooner or later. A. lose hearts B. lose your heart C. work hard D. lose heart (Key: D)
in trouble有麻烦，处于不幸中
短语拓展：get int ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o trouble 遇到麻烦； make trouble 制造麻烦；take trouble to do sth 费心做某事；
have trouble in d ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )oing sth. He never came except when he was in trouble.
be in danger / peace / control / silence / place /battle
12. Why did Nels ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )on Mandela turn to violence to make black and white equal
turn to
（1）求助于The child turned to his mother for comfort.
（2）查阅 I have turned to all the well-known reference books for help.
（3）变成The snow soon turned to rain.
（4）翻到；求助于 turn to page 2.
turn to sb for help = ask sb for help
You can ~ the policeman for help if you are lost in the strange city.
[例] There was no ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t a single person in the street ________ I could turn for help.
A. for whom B. to whom C. for who D. to who
（扩）turn _______; 降低（力量，声音）；拒绝；不接受。 Turn ______ 开大声音；出场；露面
Turn_______ 结果是；被证明是（无被动语态）； turn _______打开（煤气，自来水，电灯）
Keys: down ; up ; out ; on
★It’s one’s t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )urn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事 It’s your turn to make a decision.
★take one’s turn to do sth. = do sth. in turn = do sth. by turns轮流做某事
The nurses atte ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nded the patient in turn / by turns. = The nurses took turns to attend the patient.
【考题链接】She’s having a l ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ot of trouble with the new computer, but she doesn’t know whom to ____. A. turn to B. look for C. deal with D. talk about （ Key: A ）
13. He taught us d ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )uring the lunch breaks and the evenings when we should have been asleep.
他在午饭休息时和我们本该熟睡的晚上教我们。
①should本该发生而实际上未发生。
Look at the time! We should have been at the theatre earlier.
Mary should have handed in her report the day before yesterday.
② asleep, sl ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eep & sleepy语意相近。asleep 是表语形容词，意为“睡着的”。sleep 是动词或名词，意为“睡觉”。sleepy 是形容词，意为“欲睡的; 困乏的”。
—Is he still sleeping
—Yes, he is fast/soundasleep.他正睡得香。
I was too sleepy to hear the end of her talk.
【考题链接】—My ca ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t’s really fat. —You ______ have given her so much food. (2007浙江卷)
A. wouldn’t B. couldn’t C. shouldn’t D. mustn’t (Key: C)
14. I felt bad the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )first time I talked to a group . 第一次给旅行团作讲解时，我的心情很不好。
the first /second /l ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ast time 本是名词短语，但是有时可用作连词词组，引导一个时间状语从句，上面句子中的the first time I talked to a group 可换成：When I talked to a group for the first time，
类似的用法有：the moment ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the minute the instant都等于as soon as；every time 每次/回·····就····each time 每当···时；next time 下次；any time （在）任何时间
有时副词也可充当连词，引导时间状语从句，它们 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )是：instantly, immediately，everywhere等，它们相当于as soon as
例：I started the moment/the minute/ the instant your letter arrived.
Everywhere we arrived, we saw flowers and grass.
What was the na ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )me of the hotel he had stayed in the last time he was in Cairo
它上次来开罗时住的那家饭店叫什么来着？
Next time you come in , please close the door. 当你下次进来时，请把门关上。