人教新课标高考英语一轮复习必修一 Unit 2 English around the world

单元知识预览
项目
单词及其词性变化（语法填空必备）
重点单词
1．official adj.官方的；正式的；公务的→office n．办公室→officer n．官员
2．voyage n．航行；航海
3．native adj.本国的；本地的 n．本地人；本国人
4．actually adv.实际上；事实上
5．base vt.以……为根据n.基部；基地；基础→basic adj.基本的；基础的
6．gradual adj.逐渐的，逐步的→gradually adv.逐渐地，逐步地
7．identity n．本身；本体；身份→identical adj.相同的，一样的→identify v．确定；认出；鉴定
8．fluent adj.流利的；流畅的→fluently adv.流利地，流畅地→fluency n．流利，流畅
9．frequent adj.频繁的；常见的→frequently adv.常常；频繁地→frequency n．频率；频度
10．usage n．使用；用法；词语惯用法→useful adj.有用的→use n. & v．使用，利用
11．command n. & vt.命令；指令；掌握→commander n．指挥员，司令员
12．request n．& vt.请求；要求
13．expression n．词语；表示；表达→express v．表达→expressive adj.富于表情的；有表现力的
14．recognize vt.辨认出；承认；公认→recognizable adj.容易认出的；易于识别的→recognition n．认出；认识；识别
15．accent n．口音；腔调；重音
16．lightning n．闪电
17．straight adv.直接地；挺直地 adj.直的；笔直的；正直的
重点短语
1．because of　由于；因为
2．come up 走近；上来
3．at present 现在；目前
4．make use of 利用
5．such as 例如……；像这种的
6．play a part in 扮演一个角色；参与
7．ever before 从前
8．even if/though 即使
9．be based on 以……为基础
10．over time 长期以来
11．in the early days 在早期
12．the same as 相同于
经典句型
（高考书面表达必备）
1．Today, more people speak English as their first, second or a foreign language than ever before.如今说英语的人比以往任何时候都多，他们有的把英语作为第一语言来说，有的把它作为第二语言或外语。
2．Native English speakers can understand each other even if they don’t speak the same kind of English.以英语为母语的人，即使他们所讲的语言不尽相同，也可以相互交流。
3．Believe it or not, there is no such thing as standard English.信不信由你，(世界上)没有什么标准英语。
必备语法（高级句型）
名词性从句
晨读范文背诵
背诵这篇范文注意划线部分的用法
【2015·四川卷】
假如你是李夏。你看到美国留学生Sharon 在网上发帖，希望有人能帮助她提高普通话(Mandarin)水平，她可以教英语作为回报。请根据以下提示用英语给她写一封电子邮件。
1．表达给她提供帮助的意愿；
2．说明你能胜任辅导的理由；
3．给出讲好普通话的两点建议；
4．提出你学习英语的具体需求。
注意：
1．词数120左右，开头语已为你写好；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．文中不得透露个人姓名和学校名称。
Hi, Sharon，
This is Li Xia. I learned from your post that you want to improve your Mandarin.______________________________________________________________________
Li Xia
【参考范文】
Hi,_Sharon，
This_is_Li_Xia._I_learned_from_your_post_that_you_want_to_improve_your_Mandarin. I am quite interested in it. I think I'm fit for it. As a student, I have been learning Mandarin for many years. In addition, I am Chinese, which means Mandarin is a must for me to communicate with others in my daily life. So I'm quite confident that I can help you learn Mandarin.
Learning Mandarin takes time, so if you want to learn it well, you should spend much time practising Mandarin everyday. As the saying goes, “Practice makes perfect.” Besides, you can also read some books in Chinese, see some Chinese films and listen to some Chinese radio programmes. Speaking and listening are very important for a language learning, by which you are sure to make great progress.
In your post, you say you can teach English as a reward. It is just what I want. I'm eager to improve my English. So, if you allow me to help you learn Mandarin, you can also help me improve my English.We can contact each other by video chat every night for half an hour in English and half an hour in Chinese, so that we can improve our oral speaking.
Hope for your early reply!
Li_Xia
语言知识精析
重点单词精讲
考点1．【教材原句】Native English speakers can understand each other even if they don’t speak the same kind of English.以英语作为母语的人，即使他们所讲的语言不尽相同，也可以互相交流。
native adj. 本地的，出生地的；天赋的n. 本地人；出生于某国的人
【例句研读】
(1)China is our native country， and Chinese is our native language.
中国是我们的_________，汉语是我们的___________。
(2)The tiger is native to India.
这种虎_________印度。
(3)He is a native of Beijing.他是___________。　
【归纳拓展】
be native to...　原产于某地 one’s native country/land　本国，祖国
native place　出生地 one’s native language　本国语，本族语，母语
a native of　当地人/产于……的动/植物
【即时巩固】
1． After the international news, he went on to listen to the________ news.
2. _____ English that I couldn’t follow her.
A．So did fast the?native?speak B．So fast did the?native?speak
C．Did the?native?speak so fast D．So fast the?native?did speak
3. Pandas are?native?______ China.
A．with B．to C．for D．in
4. Whoever is_________ to the demanding job will be offered the well-paid one.
A．frequent B．equal C． native D．familiar
考点2．【教材原句】It was based more on German than the English we speak at present.当时的英语更多地是以德语为基础的，而现代英语不是。
base vt.以……为根据 n．基部；基地；基础
【例句研读】
(1)What are you basing this theory on？
你这种理论的_________是什么？
(2)They decided to base the new company in New York.
他们决定将新成立的公司总部___________纽约。
(3)The t0own is an ideal base for touring the area.
这个镇子是在这一地区旅游观光的理想______________。
【归纳拓展】
base sth. on/upon sth.以……为基础(或根据)
base sb./sth./oneself in以……为据点(或总部等)，把(总部等)设在
the base of a column/glass/pyramid柱基/玻璃杯底/金字塔底座
a military/naval base军事/海军基地
【即时巩固】
(1)This news report____________________________(是完全根据实际情况写成的)．
(2)Judgement____________________________(应该以事实为依据), not on hearsay.
(3)I________________________________________________________________________
(根据一个真实的故事做的这期节目)．
(4) There are a great number of words in the English language ______________ on colors.
A. based B. base C basing D. is based
考点3．【教材原句】In English you use a command or a request when you want someone to do something.
command n．[C]命令；指令[U]掌握 vt. & vi.命令；指挥；支配
【例句研读】
(1)The army is under the king’s command.军队由国王直接__________。
(2)She has a good command of the German language.她____________德语。
(3)He commanded us to leave should immediately.＝He commanded that we leave immediately.
他___________我们马上离开。
【归纳拓展】
at one’s command随心所欲地 at/by one’s command奉某人之命
in command of指挥；统帅 under one’s command由……指挥
take command of担任……的指挥 have a good command of很好地掌握
command sb. to do sth.命令某人做某事 command that...(should) do...命令……
【温馨提示】
command后跟从句时，从句中谓语通常用“should＋动词原形”，其中should可以省略。
【即时巩固】
(1)The army is ____________________________(听从国王的支配)．
(2)Didn't you realize the troops were ________________________________________________________________________
(在他的指挥下)?
(3)He ________________________(精通) English.
(4) The teacher commanded that the exercises ________ in an hour.
A．was finished　　　　 B．were finished
C．should finish D．be finished
考点4．【教材原句】In English you use a command or a request when you want someone to do something.
request n. & vt. 请求，要求
【例句研读】
(1) These materials are in great request.__________这些材料。
(2)She made a request for some water.
她____________给点水。
(3)May I request your attention？____________你们注意一下好吗？
(4)I request (of him) that he should leave.
我_______________他离开。
(5)Visitors are requested not to touch the paintings.游客__________油画。
【归纳拓展】
request sth. of/from sb.向某人请求某物 request sb. to do sth.请求某人做某事
request that sb. (should) do sth.请求…… It’s requested that...据要求……
at one’s requestat the request of sb. 应某人之请求be in request有需要，受欢迎
make a request for sth.请求，要求……
【即时巩固】
根据汉语提示完成句子
（1）Well, it does make a slight difference, but we'll ________________.（照你的要求办）
（2）He ignored the neighbour’s requests that he ________________.（不要发出吵闹声）
（3）The staff immediately requested that he ________________. his decision.（重新考虑）
考点5．【教材原句】Although many Americans move a lot, they still recognize and understand each other’s dialects.虽然许多美国人经常搬迁，但是他们仍然能够辨别、理解彼此的方言。
recognize vt. 辨认出；承认
【例句研读】
(1)I recognized Mary by her voice on the phone.我在电话中根据声音___________是玛丽。(2)Lawrence’s novel was eventually recognized as /to be a work of genius.
劳伦斯的小说最后___________天才的作品。
(3) It is recognized that environment pollution has become one of the most serious problems.
人们一致___________环境污染已经成了最严重的问题之一。
【归纳拓展】
recognition n．认出，识别 recognizable adj.可认出的
recognized adj.公认的 recognize sb. /sth. by /from...根据……认出某人/事(物)
recognize sb./sth. as/to be...承认某人(物)是…… It’s recognized that...人们公认……
out of/beyond recognition认不出来
【即时巩固】
(1)用recognize，realize或know的适当形式填空
①I ____________ his voice on the phone just now.
②We ________________ him for about 20 years.
(2)完成句子
Ren Yueli____________________(被公认为)one of the best examples to those who have big dreams.
(3)Even when the film star wears sunglasses or beards,people _______ him．
A．realize B．recover C．request D．recognize
考点6．【教材原句】Then compare them。
compare vt. 比较;对照;比喻;比作
【例句研读】
（1）Your salary is chicken-feed ________________.（与….相比）what you could earn in America.
（2）Her talents stand out ________________.（和其他那些人比起来）
【归纳拓展】
compare … with…把…和…相比 compare…to 把……比作；比喻
compared to/with与….相比 beyond comparison无可比拟地
by comparison比较起来 in comparison with和……比起来
【用法指南】compared to/ with已经形成一种独立的分词形态，具有测试的特殊性，是考试的重点。
【即时巩固】
（1）A beginner's painting______________（不能与…相比）that of an expert, who is very different in quality.
（2）When __________（比较）different cultures，we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities．
（3）Michael’s new house is like a huge palace, ______with his old one.
A. comparing B. compares C. to compare D. compared
重点短语精讲
考点1．because of因为，由于
【教材原句】Later in the next century, people from England made voyages to conquer other parts of the world and because of that, English began to be spoken in many other countries.后来，在17世纪英国人开始航海征服了世界其它地区。于是，许多别的国家开始说英语了。
【例句研读】
(1)He was absent not because of his illness, but because his father died.
他缺席不是__________他生病，而是因为他父亲去世了。
(2)It was because of her that he had gone abroad.
____________，他才出国的。
(3)He realized that she was crying because of what he had said .
他意识到她哭是___________他说的那些话的缘故。
(4)Because of her husband’s being there， I said nothing about her mistake.
___________她丈夫在场，对她的错误我就没说什么。
【归纳拓展】
because of是介词短语，后跟名词、代词或动名词。
because是连词，后跟从句。
【即时巩固】
同义句转换
(1)We had to go to school on foot because of the rain. ＝We had to walk to school ________ it ________．
(2)We won the game because you helped us.＝____________________________， we won the game.
(3) David said that it was______ his strong interest in literature_____ he chose the course.
A．because of; that B．because; so
C．because; that D．why; because
考点2．come up走近；(植物)长出地面；(太阳)升起；出现；被提及
【教材原句】Come up to my office.
【例句研读】
写出下列各句中come up的意思。
(1)I’ll let you know if anything comes up.____________
(2)A child came up to me and showed me the way to the station.________________
(3)Your question came up at the meeting.________________
(4)The sky was dark blue and clear when the moon came up.___________
(5)The young trees have come up._________
(6)I came up for an interview but didn’t get the job.________
【归纳拓展】
come up with想出；提出 come about发生
come across偶遇；偶然发现 (＝come upon) come along一道来；一起去；进步；赶快
come back回来；记起 come on(风、雨等)到来；演出；赶快；得了吧
come out出版；出来，出现；结果是 come to苏醒；总计；达到；谈到
【温馨提示】
作“提出”讲时，come up为不及物动词短语，其主语通常为物，无被动语态形式；若说“提出……来”，应用come up with。
【即时巩固】
(1)He ____________________(走到我跟前) and asked me if I knew the time.
(2)Did you ____________________________(提出新的意见来)?
(3) The question of drug-taking is bound to (一定要) _____ at the next conference.
A．be come up B．come up C．come up with D．be coming up
考点3．make use of利用；使用
【教材原句】So by the 1600’s Shakespeare was able to make use of a wider vocabulary than ever before.所以到17世纪，莎士比亚所用的词汇量比以前任何时期都大。
【例句研读】
(1) We should make good use of every minute to learn well.
我们应该__________每一分钟好好学习。
(2)Our factory is making increasing use of robots.我们工厂正_________机器人。
【归纳拓展】
make full use of充分利用 make the best use of尽量利用
make good use of好好利用，合理利用 make little use of没有很好地利用
be of great use很有用 go out of use不被使用，废弃
come into use开始被使用 be in use在使用中
bring/put...to use加以使用
【注意】在学习语言的过程中应注意语言的活用以及词的搭配。
How much do you know about the use that we have made_of the money？(句子中use做先行词，关系代词that代替use，在定语从句中做make的宾语。)我们对钱的使用情况你了解多少？
【即时巩固】
(1)根据汉语提示完成句子
By the 1600's Shakespeare was able to______________________(用比以前任何时候都大的词汇量)．
(2)同义句转换
He made use of his free time to learn French.＝His free time ________________________ to learn French.
(3) In order to go to a famous university, you must ________ each of the three years in Senior High School.
A．make most of B．make best of
C．make good use for D．make good use of
考点4. play a role/part in在……中担任角色；在……中起作用
【教材原句】Geography also plays a part in making dialects.地理位置对方言的产生也有影响。
【例句研读】
(1)Science and technology plays an important role/part in developing agriculture.
科技在发展农业中____________。
(2)He will play/act the role/part of the doctor in my latest drama.他将在我最新的戏里________。
【提示】play a role/part in是“动词＋名词＋介词”构成的动词短语，这类短语有两个重要考点：
(1)用名词做主语，用于被动句；
(2)用名词做先行词，用于定语从句。类似短语有：make use of, pay attention to等。
【归纳拓展】
play an important role/part in在……方面起重要作用
play the role of sb.＝play/act the part of sb.(在剧中)扮演某人的角色
play the leading role起主要(带头)作用
【即时巩固】
(1)The man ____________________________(在这部电影中扮演角色) and became popular very soon.
(2)John ________________________________(起重要作用) in the success of the meeting.
(3)Clearly your own knowledge and experience will ________your decision.
A．make use of　　　　　 B．play a part in
C．get along with D．get tired of
经典句型剖析
考点1 状语从句的连接词
【教材原句】Native English speakers can understand each other even if they don't speak the same kind of English. 以英语作为母语的人，即使他们所说的英语不尽相同，也可以相互交流。
【句法分析】句中 even if 相当于 even though, 意为“即使；尽管”，引导让步状语从句。even if/though 引导的从句中可用现在时代替将来时。(1)引导让步状语从句的引导词还有 although, though, no matter when/what..., whenever, wherever, however 等等。(2)as也可以引导让步状语从句，但要把其表语、谓语或宾语前置，且前置的单数名词不可以加冠词。
【例句研读】
1.Even if you don't like flowers, you shouldn't miss the flower exhibition.即使你不喜欢花，这次花展你也不应错过。
2.We have decided to visit the museum even if it rains tomorrow.我们决定明天去参观博物馆，即使下雨。
3.Even though you achieve great success in your work, you should not be conceited.
即使你们在工作中取得了巨大的成绩，也不应该自满。
4.Whatever you do, do it well.不管你做什么，把它做好。
5.However hot it is, he won't take off his hat.不管多热，他都不摘下帽子。
6．Girl as she is, she can go alone in the darkness.尽管她是个女孩，她敢一个人走夜路。
【考点聚焦】考查状语从句的连接词。
【即时巩固】
Many of them turned a deaf ear to his advice, ______they knew it to be valuable.
A．as if　　　　　　　　　 B．now that
C．even though D．so that
考点2 believe it or not 信不信由你。常在句中做插入语/no such thing 没有这样的事情。
【教材原句】Believe it or not, there is no such thing as standard English. 信不信由你，(世界上)没有什么标准英语。
【句法分析】(1)believe it or not 信不信由你。常在句中做插入语。
(2)no such thing 没有这样的事情。such与 all, no, some, any, few, little, many, much, several, one 等词连用时，应位于它们的后面。
【例句研读】
①Believe it or not, he refused to accept our offer.信不信由你，他拒绝接受我们的帮助。
②There is no such street in the city.这城市没有那样的街道。
③He said he didn't have time or made some such excuse.他说他没有时间或别的诸如此类的借口。
【考点聚焦】插入语believe it or not和such的用法
【即时巩固】
I’m amazed to hear from my school teacher again. ______， it is ten years since we met last.
A．In a word B．What’s more
C．That’s to say D．Believe it or not
考点3 more...than...
【教材原句】It was based more on German than the English we speak at present. 当时的英语更多地是以德语为基础，而我们今天所说的英语不是。
【句法分析】more...than...可以看成是一种固定句式，其中的more可修饰名词、形容词、副词或动词。此句式一是表示“比……更……”之意，二是用于对人或物的同一性质或同一方面进行比较，表示“与其说……不如说……；不是……而是……”之意。拓展 more...than之后接含有can的从句时，表示否定意义。
He earns more money than he can spend.他赚的钱花不完。
Tom has more insolence than I can stand. 汤姆的傲慢使我难以忍受。
【例句研读】
The book seems to be more a dictionary than a grammar.这本书似乎不是语法书，而是一本词典。
She was more sad than angry when her son lied again.当她的儿子再次说谎时，她的悲伤甚于愤怒。
I more agree with you than I agree with Robert.我不是同意罗伯特的话，而是同意你的话。
【考点聚焦】more...than...的用法
【即时巩固】
[翻译]她看上去比以前漂亮多了。
语法知识精讲
名词性从句(1)
一、考点梳理。
1.根据语境考查不同连接词的辨析
Why not try your luck downtown, Bob? That's____ the best jobs are.
where在此引导表语从句，表示“……的地方”。又如：This is where the river is the deepest.这是河流的最深处。This is where I first met her.这就是我初次与她会面的地方。
2.考查what的用法
(1)____matters most in learning English is enough practice.
what在此引导主语从句，相当于the thing that。
(2)____parents say and do has a life-long effect on their children.
what在此引导主语从句，相当于the thing that~
3.根据句法功能考查连接词的选用
Choosing the right dictionary depends on_______you want to use it for.
what用以引导宾语从句，用作介词on的宾语，其中的what在从句中用作介词for的宾语。
4.考查whatever等的用法
Could I speak to____is in charge of International Sales, please?
whoever有两个主要用法：一是用于引导名词性从句，其意思相当于the person who;二是用于引导状语从句，其意思相当于no matter who。句中的whoever引导宾语从句，用作介词to的宾语，
5.在复杂结构中考查名词性从句的使用
Having checked the doors were closed, and____all the lights were off, the boy opened the door to his bedroom.
that在此用于引导宾语从句，用作动词check的宾语。这是一个比较复杂的句子，句中的现在分词having checked带有两个宾语从句(that) the doors were closed和that all the lights were off，只是前面一个宾语从句省略了引导词that。
6.考查同位语从句的运用
A warm thought suddenly came to me_____I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mother's birthday.
that在此引导同位语从句，修饰A warm thought。此题的难点是A warm thought与其同位语从句被分离开了。
二、要点点拨
名词性从句必记考点
一、that从句
1．that从句作主语时，常用it作形式主语，常见的句型有：
(1)It+be+形容词(obvious, true, natural, surprising, good,wonderful, funny, possible, likely, certain, probable, etc.)+that从句。
It is obvious to the students that they should get well prepared for their future.
(2)It+be+名词词组(no wonder，an honour，a good thing，a pity, no surprise, etc.)+that从句。
It's no surprise that our team should have won the game.不要惊奇，我们队本来就应赢得比赛。
(3)It+be+过去分词(said, reported, thought, expected, decided, announced, arranged, etc.)+that从句。
It is decided that the meeting has been put off till nextMonday.根据决定这个会议已经被推迟到下周一。
注意：
在口语和非正式文体中．that常可省略。在非常短的句子中，that总是不必要的。
It's a pity (that) you're leaving.你要走，真遗憾。
但that从句位于句首时，连接词that是绝对不能省略的。
That we are invited to a concert this evening is good news to us.
我们被邀请去参加今夜的音乐会，这对我们来说是个好消息。
(4)以下情况用虚拟语气：，
①It is suggested/advised/ordered/requested/required/insisted（坚持要，一定要）that sb. (should) do sth.
②It is necessary/important/strange/natural that sb. (should) do sth.
2．作动词的宾语
(1)常见的可以接that从句作宾语的动词有see，say，know, imagine, discover, believe, tell, show, think, consider, make等。在可以接复合宾语的动词之后，如think，make，consider
等，可以用it作形式宾语，此时that不可省略。
注意：一个句子中有两个或多个并列的宾语从句时，引导第二个和以后几个从句的that不可省略。
(2)that从句一般不能充当介词的宾语，偶尔可作except，in，but的宾语。
He differed from his classmates in that he devoted his spare time to reading．他和他的同学不同的地方在于他把业余时间用在读书上。
其他介词后面需要用that从句作宾语时，必须用it作形式宾语。
You may depend on it that I shall always help you.我会一直帮助你，你要相信这一点。
3．作形容词的宾语
某些形容词后常接宾语从句，这类形容词有sure, glad, certain, pleased, happy, afraid, surprised, satisfied等，连接词that可省略。
I'm afraid you don't understand what I said just now.我担心你没有明白我刚才说了什么。
4．作表语
(1)连接词that不可省略。
(2)主句的主语是reason，则表语从句只能用that引导。
(3)主句的主语是advice，suggestion，order，proposal等时，表语从句应用“should+动词原形”，should可以省略。
5．作同位语
The news that the plane will take off on time makes everyone happy.飞机将按时起飞的消息使每个人都很高兴。
特别注意：
that引导的同位语从句与关系代词that引导的定语从句的区别
连接词that引导同位语从句时，应放在某些抽象名词之后。如：fact, hope, desire, thought, suggestion, idea, news,problem，possibility等，对前面的名词起补充说明的作用，连接词that只起引导同位语从句的作用，在从句中不担当任何成分，不能省略。
关系代词that引导定语从句时，关系代词that一方面起引导定语从句的作用，但另一方面，that在定语从句中担当主语或宾语。若作宾语，还可以省略。但是，引导同位语从句的that一般不能省略。
The news that our football team won the match was really encouraging．（同位语从句）
我们的足球队赢得了比赛的消息真是鼓舞人心。
The news (that) we heard on the radio was not true.（定语从句）我们在收音机里听到的消息不是真的。
【例】The fact has worried many scientists ______ the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years.
A. what B. which C. that D. though
【答案】C
【例】News came from the school office ________Wang Lin had been admitted to Beijing University.
A. which B. what C. that D. where
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词性从句的用法。在该题中that引导了一个同位语从句来解释说明news的内容，由于该题把同位语从句后置了，所以很多考生由于不能正确分析句子结构而错误选择了D项。
二、wh-疑问从句
1．作主语，常用it作形式主语
It has not been decided yet who will preside at the meeting.由谁来主持会议还没有确定。
主语从句如果是用what，whatever，whoever等引导的，表示一个具体的东西或人，这种主语从句不能用it来替换。
What he found interested me greatly. 他的发现使我很感兴趣。
Whoever has finished may rest．谁完工了就可以休息。
【例】 A good friend of mine from I was born showed up at my home right before I left for Beijing．
A．how B．whom
C．when D．which
【答案】C
2．作直接宾语
特别注意：
wh-疑问从句还可作介词的宾语，但if从句不能作介词的宾语。
It all depends (on) how we solve the problem.这完全要看我们如何解决这个问题。
We are worrying about what we should do next.我们正在为下一步该怎么办而烦恼。
3．作表语
【例】The little girl who got lost decided to remain _________she was and wait tor her mother.
A. where B. what C. how D. who
【答案】A　
【解析】本题考查连词，remain是系动词，后加表语从句，由句意可知，从句缺地点状语，所以选A。
4．作某些形容词的宾语
You must be careful what you do.你必须小心你所做的事情。
5．作同位语
The question why so many people would choose to live in the countryside but to work in the city is still under discussion.关于为什么这么多的人们将选择住在乡下而在城市工作的这个问题还在讨论中。
三、名词性关系从句可主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语
名词性关系从句实际上是先行词与在其后的定语从句的结合。
what= the thing(s) that/which
whoever= anyone who
whichever= anyone/anything that
whatever=anything that
where=the place where
when= the time when
注意：
连接代词和连接副词一般都表疑问，但what，when，where等连接词有两种含义，一种表示疑问（即：什么，何时，何地），另一种表示陈述(即the thing that，the time when，the place where)。
【例】The how to book can be of help to wants to do the job.
A. who B. whomever C. no matter who D. whoever
【答案】D
注意：名词性关系从句还可作介词的宾语。
四、whether和if在名词性从句中的区别。
下列情况只用whether不用if：
1．引导主语从句且置于句首时。
2．引导表语从句时。
3．引导同位语从句时。
4．引导宾语从句且前置时。
5．作动词discuss和介词的宾语时。
6．其后紧跟or not时。
7．其后跟不定式时。
五、“疑问词+ever”与“no matter+疑问词”的应用。
1．whatever，whoever等既可以引导名词性从句，又可引导状语从句。。引导名词性从句时，其主句缺主、宾、表、定语等，相当于anything that，anyone who等；当引导状语从句时，其主句不缺任何成分，并且主句和从句通常用逗号隔开，相当于no matter what, no matter who等。
“no matter+疑问词”结构只能引导让步状语从句，能和“疑问词+ever”结构互换。但不能引导名词性从句，no matter不能单独使用。
2．what，who等与whatever，whoever等的区别在于：what， who等是指具体的东西或人；用whatever．whoever等是表示任何一个事物或人，无范围可言，语气比前者强烈得多。
【例】She is very dear to us. We have been prepared to do it takes to save her life.
A. whichever B. however C. whatever D. whoever
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词性从句的引导词。句意为：她对我们来说是非常宝贵，我们已经准备好做一切来拯救她的生命。
三、误区警示、
◆典型陷阱题分析◆
??? 1. She was so angry and spoke so fast that none of us understood _______ he said meant.
??? A. that???????????????????? B. what ??? C. that that??????????????? D. what what
???【陷阱】可能误选B.许多同学一看选项首先就排除了C和D，认为这样两个“引导词”叠用的情况不太可能。在A和B两个选项中，选项A肯定不行，因为它引导宾语从句时不能充当句子成分，所以便选择了B.
??? 【分析】正确答案选 D.第一个what 用作动词 meant 的宾语，第二个what 用作动词 said 的宾语，即在 none of us understood what what he said meant 中，none of us understood 为主句，what what he said meant 为宾语从句，而在此宾语从句中又包括有 what he said 这样一个主语从句。
??? 2. After _______ had happened he could not continue to work there.
??? A. which?????????????????? B. how??? C. what??????????????????? D. having
??? 【陷阱】可能误选A.
3.“Is ______ you want to say？” asked the teacher.
??? A. this?????????????????? B. that??? C. all that?????????????? D. that all
??? 【陷阱】根据中文字面意思误选A或B.
??? 【分析】最佳答案选 D.假若选A或B，那么转换成陈述句即为：This is you want to say. / That is you want to say. 显然句中的两个谓语动词 is与want相冲突。选D组成的句子是 Is that all you want to say？其中的that 为句子主语，all 为表语，you want to say 为定语从句，用以修饰all.
??? 4. “When ______ leave for Japan？” “When ______ leave for Japan is kept secret.”
??? A. they will, will they???????? B. will they, they will
??? C. they will, they will???????? D. will they, will they
??? 【陷阱】可能误选D，认为 when 后应用疑问句词序。
??? 【分析】最佳答案选 B.第一个when引出的是一个特殊疑问句，故用疑问词序；第二个 when 引出的是主语从句，故其后用陈述句词序。
5. Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see ______.
??? A. who is he????????????? B. who he is??? C. who is it????????????? D. who it is
??? 【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。
【分析】此题最佳答案为D.首先可以排除A和C，因为空格处实为一个宾语从句，所以不能用疑问句词序。另一方面，但按英语习惯，当用于指代身份不明的人时，要用代词it，而不用 he 或she等。比较以下两句
Mr Smith is at the door. He wants to see you. 史密斯先生在门口，他想见你。
??? Someone is at the door. It may be the postman. 有个人在门口，可能是邮递员。
??? 第一句因前面指明了是 Mr Smith，所以后面用代词 he；而第二句因前面用的是不定代词 someone，说明此人身份尚不明确，故其后用了代词 it 来指代。
【即时巩固】
1.【四川省宜宾市2015届高三第一次诊】8. The results of the experiment proved to be very good, _________ was more than we expected.
A. which??????????? B. what????? ?? C. that???????? D. this
2.【天津市第一中学2015届高三上学期月考】26.-- What a mess! You are always so lazy!
-- I’m not to blame, mum. I am ______ you have made me.
A. how B. what C. that D. who
3.【浙江省重点中学协作体2015届高三第二次适应性测试】5. ____ counts is ____ all those trapped in the building have been rescued.
A. It; that B. What; because C. What; that D. Which; because
4.【北京市东城区2015届高三上学期期末教学统一检测】23. Tom’s most positive quality is _____ he’s very outgoing.
A. that B. why C. how D. whether
5.【北京市东城区2015届高三上学期期末教学统一检测】34. No one knows for certain how the first Americans arrived in _____ is now the United States.
A. which B. what C. where D. why
参考答案
重点单词精讲
考点1．
例句研读
（1）祖国; 母语
（2）产于
（3）北京人
即时巩固
1．native2. B3. B4.B
考点2
例句研读
（1）根据（2）设在（3）地点
即时巩固
(1)is based entirely on/upon facts
(2)should be based on/upon facts
(3)based this program on/upon a true story
(4)A考查base的用法。句意：英语中有许多与颜色相关的词汇。此处based on是过去分词作定语。相当于定语从句which are based on colors.
考点3
例句研读
（1）统率
（2）精通
（3）命令
即时巩固
(1)at the king's command(2)under his command　(3)has a good command of
（4）D　
考点4
例句研读
（1）急需
（2）请求
（3）请
（4）要求
（5）不许动
即时巩固
（1）do as you request
（2）（should）not make any noise
（3）（should）reconsider
考点5
例句研读
（1）辨认出
（2）被认为是
（3）认为
即时巩固
(1)①recognized　②have known
(2)is recognized as/to be (3)D考查动词词义辨析。A．realize意识到，B．recover恢复，C．request要求，D．recognize认出，句意：即使当电影明星戴眼睛和留胡须的时候，人们也会认出他们。选D。
考点6
例句研读
（1）compared to/ with
（2）in comparison with/ compared to/ with the others
即时巩固
（1）can't be compared to（2）comparing
（3）D。
重点短语精讲
考点1
例句研读
（1）因为
（2）就是为了她
（3）因为
（4）因为
即时巩固
(1)because; rained　(2)Because of your help (3)A
考点2
例句研读
（1）发生（2）走近；走上来（3）被提出讨论（4）升起（5）发芽（6）到场
即时巩固
came up (to me)　(2)come up with any new ideas (3)B
考点3
例句研读
（1）充分利用
（2）越来越多地使用
即时巩固
make use of a wider vocabulary than ever before(2)was made use of (3) D
考点4
例句研读
（1）起重要作用
（2）出演医生的角色
即时巩固
(1)played a part/role in this film(2)played an important role/part（3）B
经典句型剖析
考点1 C
考点2 D
考点3 She looks much prettier than ever before.
语法知识精讲
1.A2.B3.C4.A5.B