人教新课标高中英语必修五第一单元Great Scientists教案（6课时）

Unit 1 Great scientists
Ⅰ. 单元教学目标
技能目标Skill Goals▲ Talk about science and contributions of scientists▲Practice expressing will, hope and suggestions▲Practice expressing the stages in examining a new scientific idea▲Learn to organize a scientific research▲Learn to use the past participle as the predicative & attribute▲Practice describing people’s characteristics and qualities▲Develop the skills of persuasive and descriptive writing
Ⅱ. 目标语言
功能句式 Describing people W ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hat nationality is this scientist When was he / she born When did he / she die What kind of family did he / she come from What kind of education did he / she receive What did he / she achieve in his / her scientific work Why did he / she achieve great success Was it because of his / her talent / intelligence / hard work / persistence / confidence / curiosity / enthusiasm / luck
词汇 1．四会词汇engine ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ), characteristi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )c, theory, scientific, examine, conclude, conclusion, analyse, repeat, defeat, attend, expose, cure, control, absorb, test, severe, valuable, pump, pub, blame, immediately, handle, addition, link, announce, instruct, virus, construction, contribute, positive, strict, movement, god, backward, complete, spin, enthusiastic, cautious, reject, view2．认读词汇infect, infectious, c ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )holera, deadly, outbreak, clue, Cambridge, germ, certainty, creative, cooperative, Nicolas Copernicus, revolutionary, calculation, loop, privately, bright-ness, persuasive, logical3．词组put forward, make a conclusion, in addition, link ... to ..., apart from, be strict with, lead to, make sense, point of view, expose to, absorb into, be to blame, physical characteristic
结构 The past participle ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) as the predicative & attributeFind out the functions of the past participle in sentences.Discover the similarities and differences between the passive voice of the predicate and the past participle used as predicative & attribute.
重点句子 1. John Snow was ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )a famous doctor in London — so expert, indeed, that he attended Queen Victoria as her personal physician. P22. But he became ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera. P23. It seemed the water was to blame. P24. To prevent this fro ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )m happening again, John Snow suggested that the source of all water supplies be examined. P35. Although h ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e had tried to ignore them, all his mathematical calculations led to the same conclusion: that the earth was not the center of the solar system. P66. Only if y ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ou put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense. P77. To his surprise, he found that he could cross six of the bridges without going over any of them twice or going back on himself. P44
Ⅲ. 教材分析和教材重组
1. 教材分析
本单元主要话题是How to org ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )anize scientific research。旨在通过本单元的教学培养学生探究科学、崇尚科学的精神和正确的科学观；帮助学生了解科学的本质和科学家的特质，使学生懂得科学探究的基本步骤和要素；指导学生如何对科学家及其所从事的科研工作进行描述、发表看法，并针对自己的个性特征和兴趣专长，畅谈个人的职业志向和人生规划。
1.1 Warming Up 通过问答形式使学生回顾不同领域不同时代的10位科学家，了解他们对人类的贡献及其成果。
1.2 Pre-reading ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )通过对几个问题的讨论，使学生了解传染病和“霍乱”的基本常识，并了解科研过程中验证某些观点的基本程序和方法。
1.3 Reading 介绍英国著名医 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )生John Snow是如何通过考察分析、探究的科学方法，发现并控制“霍乱”这种传染病的。通过课文学习，使学生了解科学发现的全过程及其严密性；学习描述性文体的基本写作框架。
1.4 Comprehending 共设计了四个题型。
1.5 Learning abou ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t Language 共设计了两大部分，8个练习，对本单元的重点词汇和主要语法项目进行训练。第一部分的1-4题旨在训练学生对重点词汇、短语的运用；第二部分旨在练习过去分词作定语和表语的用法。
1.6 Using Language ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) 由两部分组成：Listening and speaking 是一段关于中国著名科学家钱学森先生的生平介绍的听力材料；Reading and writing是一段关于伟大天文学家哥白尼发表“日心说”过程的短文。
2．教材重组
2.1 将Warming Up，Pre-reading, Reading和Comprehending三部分整合为一节“精读课”。
2.2 将Using Lan ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )guage中的Copernicus’ Revolutionary Theory和Workbook中的FINDING THE SOLUTION整合为一节“泛读课”。
2.3 将Learning abou ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t Language中的Discovering useful structures和Discovering useful words and expressions以及Workbook中的USING STRUCTURES和USING WORDS AND EXPRES-SIONS整合为一节“语言学习课”。
2.4 将Using Language中 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的Listening与Workbook中LISTENING和LISTENING TASK三个部分整合为一节“听力课”。
2.5 将Using La ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nguage中的Speaking与Workbook中的TALKING和SPEAKING TASK三个部分整合为一节“口语课”。
2.6 将 Using Langua ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ge中的Reading and Writing以及Workbook中的WRITING TASK整合为一节“写作课”。
3. 课型设计与课时分配
1st Period Reading
2nd Period Extensive Reading
3rd Period Language Study
4th Period Listening
5th Period Speaking
6th Period Writing
Ⅳ. 分课时教案
The First Period Reading
一、教学内容：Warming up and Reading
二、Teaching goals 教学目标
1. Target language 目标语言
a. 重点词汇和短语
attend, control, se ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )vere, pub, immediately, handle, instructor, pump, contribute, conclude, steam engine, virus, put forward, make a conclusion, expose to
b. 重点句式
To prevent this from happening again, John Snow suggested that ... P3
2. Ability goals 能力目标
Enable the students to talk about science and scientists.
3. Learning ability goals学能目标
Enable the students ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )to learn about some famous scientists and their contributions and how to organize a scientific research.
三、Teaching important points 教学重点及难点
Teaching important points 教学重点
Talk about science and scientists.
Teaching difficult points 教学难点
Talk about science and scientists.
四、教学准备
Teaching methods 教学方法：
Communicative approach， Audio－Visual approach，Task-based activities.
Teaching aids 教具准备：
A recorder and a computer.
五、教学时间
六、学情分析：
本单元主要话题是How to organiz ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e scientific research。旨在通过本单元的教学培养学生探究科学、崇尚科学的精神和正确的科学观；帮助学生了解科学的本质和科学家的特质，使学生懂得科学探究的基本步骤和要素；指导学生如何对科学家及其所从事的科研工作进行描述、发表看法，并针对自己的个性特征和兴趣专长，畅谈个人的职业志向和人生规划。
七、问题聚集:
八、Teaching procedures & ways 教学过程与方式
StepⅠ Lead-in
Ask the students t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o think of some great inventions and inventors in history.
T: Welcome back to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )school, everyone. I guess most of you have enjoyed your holiday. Maybe I should say everyone has enjoyed a scientific life. Why Because you have enjoyed the results of the science and scientists. Now can you tell me the scientists who invented the lights, the gramophone and the computer
S1: Edison invented the lights and the gramophone.
S2: The first comput ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )er was invented by a group of American scientists.
StepⅡ Warming up
First, ask some q ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )uestions about great scientists. Second, ask all the students to try the quiz and find out who knows the most.
T: You know our li ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )fe is closely related to science and scientists. We benefit a lot from them. Can you name out as many scientists as possible
S1: Newton.
S2: Watt.
S3: Franklin.
Sample answers:
1. Archimedes, Ancient Greek (287-212 BC), a mathematician.
2. Charles Darwin, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )Britain (1808-1882). The name of the book is Origin of Species.
3. Thomas Newcomen, British (1663-1729), an inventor of steam engine.
4. Gregor Mendel, Czech, a botanist and geneticist.
5. Marie Curie, Polish and French, a chemist and physicist.
6. Thomas Edison, American, an inventor.
7. Leonardo da Vinci, Italian, an artist.
8. Sir Humphry Davy, British, an inventor and chemist.
9. Zhang Heng, ancient China, an inventor.
10. Stepper Hawking, British, a physicist.
Step Ⅲ Pre-reading
Get the studen ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ts to discuss the questions on page 1 with their partners. Then ask the students to report their work. Encourage the students to express their different opinions.
T: Now, class ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ), please look at the slide. Discuss these questions with your partners. Then I’ll ask some students to report their work.
Show the following on the screen.
What do you know about infectious diseases
What do you know about cholera
Do you know how to prove a new idea in scientific research
What order would you put the seven in Just guess.
Sample answer 1:
S1: Let me try. Infec ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tious diseases can be spread easily. They have an unknown cause and may do great harm to people.
S2: People could be ex ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )posed to infectious diseases, so may animals, such as bird flu.
S3: AIDS, SARS are infectious diseases.
S4: Infectious diseases are difficult to cure.
Sample answer 2:
S1: Cholera is caused by a bacterium called Varian cholera.
S2: It infects people’ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s intestines, causing diarrhea, vomiting and leg cramps.
S3: The most c ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ommon cause of cholera is people eat food or drink water that has been contaminated by the bacteria.
S4: Cholera can ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )be mild or even without symptoms, but a severe case can lead to death without immediate treatment.
Sample answer 3:
S1: I know sth. about ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) it. First we should find the problem. Then, think of a solution.
S2: We should collect as much information as possible.
S3: Analyzing results is the most important stage.
S4: Before we make ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )a conclusion, it is necessary for us to repeat some stages or processes.
Sample answer 4:
S1: I think “Find a problem” should be the first stage.
S2: “Make up a question” should follow the first stage.
S3: “Think of a m ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ethod”, “Collect results” and “Analyze results” are after that.
S4: Of course, b ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )efore “Make a conclusion”, we should “Repeat if necessary”.
T: Well done! When ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )we want to solve some problems, first we should find out the problem, do some research on it, prove your findings, and then make a conclusion. This is a scientific and objective way of researching. Now let’s see how doctor John Snow did his research.
Step Ⅳ Reading
Let the students ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )skim the whole passage and try to work out the meanings of the new words and structures using context.
T: The effect of c ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )holera in the nineteenth century London was devastating. Many people died without knowing the reason. It was doctor John Snow who saved the people. Please look at the screen. Let’s read the whole passage and find answers to the questions.
Show the questions on the screen.
1. What conditions allowed cholera develop
2. Why do you think ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) people believed that cholera multiplied in the air without reason
3. What evid ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ence did John Snow gather to convince people that idea 2 was right
Sample answers:
S1: The dirty water made the cholera develop quickly.
S2: Because peopl ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e could not understand its cause and could not get it cured. So people imagined that some poisonous gas in the air caused the deaths.
S3: He found ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) that many of the deaths were near the water pump while some areas far away from the water pump had no deaths. So when people were asked not to use the water pump, the disease began to slow down. In this way, John Snow had shown that cholera was spread by germs and not in a cloud of gas.
Step Ⅴ Text analyzing
Ask the students to analyze the text in groups.
T: Please look at ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) the chart on the screen. The chart shows that each paragraph of the text explains John Snow’s stages in his research. Please read the text and find out the general idea of each paragraph and match the stage with each paragraph. Discuss it in groups, and then report your answers.
Paragraphs Stages General ideas
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Sample answers:
S1: My group’s o ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )pinion is this: stage one “Find a problem” is expressed in paragraph one. The general idea is like this: John Snow wanted to find the causes of cholera.
S2: Our answer is ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) like this: paragraph two expresses the second stage “Make up a question”. The general idea is like this: John Snow wanted to prove which theory was correct.
S3: “Think of ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) a method” is the third stage. And it is contained in paragraph three. The general idea is like this: John Snow collected data on those who were ill or died and where they got their water.
S4: The fourth ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )stage “Collect results” lies in paragraph four. Its general idea is like this: John Snow plotted information on a map to find out where people died or did not die.
S5: Our group believe ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )paragraph five contains the fifth stage of John Snow’s research. The general idea is like this: John Snow analysed the water to see if that was the cause of the illness. So this stage is to “Analyse the results”.
S6: The sixth stag ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e is “Repeat if necessary”. It is contained in the sixth paragraph. The general idea is like this: John Snow tried to find other evidences to confirm his conclusion.
S7: The last ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) paragraph is about the seventh stage “Make a conclusion”. Its general idea is like this: The polluted dirty source of drinking water was to blame for the cause of the London cholera.
Ask some students to put their answers in the chart.
Paragraph Stages General ideas
1 Find a problem The causes of cholera
2 Make up a question The correct or possible theory
3 Think of a method Collect data ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) on where people were ill and died and where they got their water
4 Collect results Plot information o ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n a map to find out where people died or did not die
5 Analyse the results Analyse the water to see if that is the cause of the illness
6 Repeat if necessary Find other evidences to confirm his conclusion
7 Make a conclusion The polluted dirty ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )source of drinking water was to blame for the cause of the London cholera
T: Now class. Can you tell me what style of the passage belongs to
S1: I think it is a report.
T: Here are three pi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eces of writing. They belong to different writing styles. Now read and find out what style each piece belongs to.
Show the chart and three pieces of writing on the screen.
Report Description Creative writing
Formal language with few adjectives Vivid use of words with similes and metaphors Vivid use of language and more informal style
No speech except quotations No speech except to help the description Speech to show feelings, reactions etc.
Not emotional Emotional to describe atmosphere Emotional to describe feelings
Only one main character No characters May have several characters
Factual Not factual but imaginative Imaginative but can be based on fact
Structural according to experimental method Not structured Beginning, middle, end
Past tense and passive voice Past tense Past tense
Making Way
Once Goethe(歌德), t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he great German poet，was walking in a park. He was thinking about something when he noticed he came to a very, very narrow road. Just at that time, a young man came towards him from the other end of the road. It was too narrow for both of them to pass through at the same time. They stopped and looked at each other for a while. Then the young man said rudely，“I never make way for a fool.” But Goethe smiled and said, “I always do.” Then he turned back quickly and walked towards the end of the road.
Weather Report
Here’s the weather re ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )port for the next 24 hours. Beijing will be fine with the temperature from 4 to 13. Tokyo will be fine too and cloudy later in the day. The lowest temperature is l to 8. London will be rainy and windy later in the day. The highest temperature is 8 and the lowest is 4. New York will be sunny and cloudy later in the day. The temperature is 13 to 19.
Heartbeating
Put your hand ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )to the left side of your chest. Try to feel your heartbeating. The heart takes a little rest after each pump or beat. In boys or girls of your age, heart beats about 90 times a minute. A grown-up’s heart beats about 70 or 80 times a minute. But the heartbeat is different in the same person at different times. For example, the heart beats faster during exercise. It is also faster when a person is angry, scared, or excited. During sleep, the heartbeat slows down.
Sample answers:
S1: I think the f ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )irst piece “Making A Way” is in a style of creative writing. The second piece belongs to a description style. The third piece belongs to a report style.
T: Very good. ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )Now let’s return to our text. Who can tell me the main idea of this passage
S2: I can. Clearly it ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tells us how John Snow defeated the disease cholera by doing scientific research.
StepⅥ Homework
1. Get more informati ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )on about some infectious diseases and modern scientists.
2. Finish the Exercises 1, 2, 3 on pages 3 and 4.
九、课堂板书：电脑WORD文档展示、课件
十、课后反思：
介绍英国著名医生John Snow是如何通过 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )考察分析、探究的科学方法，发现并控制“霍乱”这种传染病的。通过课文学习，使学生了解科学发现的全过程及其严密性；学习描述性文体的基本写作框架。
The Second Period Extensive Reading
一、教学内容：Extensive Reading
二、Teaching goals 教学目标
1. Target language目标语言
a. 重点词汇和短语
movement, compl ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ete, backward, spin, enthusiastic, cautious, reject, topology, lead to, make sense
b. 重点句式
Although he had tried to ignore them ... P7
The problem arose because ... P7
He also suggested that ... P7
2. Ability goals 能力目标
Enable the students to talk about the stages in scientific research.
3. Learning ability goals 学能目标
Enable the students to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) know about the general approach for doing a research.
三、Teaching important points 教学重点及难点
Teaching important & difficult points 教学重难点
Learn about the common stages in doing a research.
四、教学准备
Teaching methods 教学方法
1． Task –based learning;
2． Asking-and-answering activities;
Teaching aids 教具准备
A recorder, a projector and a computer.
五、教学时间
六、学情分析：
本单元主要话题是How t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o organize scientific research。旨在通过本单元的教学培养学生探究科学、崇尚科学的精神和正确的科学观；帮助学生了解科学的本质和科学家的特质，使学生懂得科学探究的基本步骤和要素；指导学生如何对科学家及其所从事的科研工作进行描述、发表看法，并针对自己的个性特征和兴趣专长，畅谈个人的职业志向和人生规划。
七、问题聚集:
八、教学过程
Step I Revision
Ask the students to retell the text.
Sample versions:
S1: I’ll have ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) a try. John Snow was a very famous doctor in London in 19th century. At the time he lived, cholera was the most frightening disease, which killed many thousands of people in the industrial cities of England. Nobody knew the cause of the disease. John Snow believed that cholera was caused by drinking polluted water. He believed that when dirty water from the toilet and drinking water were mixed, it was possible for the illness to be passed from one person to the next. In 1854, he was able to prove that his theory was correct. To do this he approached the problem in a systematic way. He found an outbreak of cholera and studied its effects on a small neighborhood. He gathered information about the drinking habits of the people and used them to justify his theory. He is important because he was the first person to gather information scientifically about a disease in order to find its cause.
S2: OK. I’d like t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o retell Snow’s work in the order of the stages. We know there were seven stages in his research. First Snow, as well as other doctors could not find the cause of the cholera, nor the cure for it. He got interested in two theories. The first suggested that cholera multiplied in the air without reason. The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals. He believed in the second theory. So he collected much information to prove it. He did a lot of research and experiments to analyze the results. All the results were the same: It is certain that the dirty water resulted in the disease. At last he could make a conclusion: It was the polluted water that caused the illness.
StepⅡ Pre-reading
Ask the students to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )look at the pictures on pages 7 and 45. And remind them of the common knowledge of “Sun-Centered Theory” and “the Euler path”.
T: Today we are g ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )oing to learn more about science and scientists. There are two pictures of the great scientists and the illustrations of their theory. You can discuss with your partners about them. Then tell me sth. about them.
S1: We know the f ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )irst picture is Copernicus. He was one of the first scientists to use mathematical observations to collect information. He believed the sun is the center of the universe and the earth and other planets went around it. The illustration shows his theory.
S2: We guess t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he second picture is Lenohard Euler. Euler invented a new branch of mathematics —topology by luck. The chart is about the “Seven Bridges of Konigsberg” and the famous “Euler path”.
Step Ⅲ Reading
Encourage the students to get the general ideas of the passages.
T: In the last p ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eriod, we have learned about how Doctor John Snow used seven stages to prove his conclusion and fulfilled his research. This period we will also deal with two scientific reports. Please read the two passages quickly and try to answer the questions on the screen.
Show the questions on the screen.
1. What’s Copernicus’ fear
2. What’s Euler’s puzzle
3. How did Copernicus prove his theory
4. How did Euler prepare for his research
5. What are their theories
Sample answers:
S1: I have the ans ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )wer. Copernicus found his theory was against the Christian church’s saying. If he spoke out his finding, he would be punished severely.
S2: I know Euler’s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) puzzle. He found that he could cross six of the bridges without going over any of them twice or going back on himself, but he couldn’t cross all seven.
S3: Let me answer ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) the third question. Copernicus had thought long and hard about these problems which astronomers had noticed and tried to find an answer. He used all his mathematical calculations to work on these problems. He had collected observations of the stars for over ten years. All his calculations and observations proved that his theory was right.
S4: I would like t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o say something about Euler’s research. The first stage in his research is to find the problem that he could cross six of the bridges without going over any of them twice or going back on himself, but he couldn’t cross all seven. The second stage is to think of a method: He drew a map and used dots and lines to simplify his analysis. Trying and observing over and over again, he found a general rule.
S5: Copernicus’ t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )heory can be expressed in this way: The sun is the center of the universe. All planets went around the sun in solar system.
S6: I know t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he answer. I am interested in topology. Euler’s theory is called “The Euler path”. It is expressed like this: If a figure has more than two odd points, you cannot go over it without lifting your pencil from the page or going over a line twice.
Step Ⅳ Further-reading
This time the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) students are encouraged to read the two passages carefully and then do the exercises and problems on pages 7 and 46.
T: Now class. Pl ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ease read the two passages again. And discuss the questions on the screen in groups.
Show the questions on the screen.
1. As a scientist ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ), one should be brave. But Copernicus was afraid of being attacked by the Christian Church. So he had hidden his theory for so many years. What do you think of this
2. Euler was calle ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d “the father of modern mathematics”. In what area is topology used today
Sample answers:
S1: I think Coper ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nicus was very coward. He should speak out his discovery and let the world know the truth earlier.
S2: I don’t agree w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ith you. He was more cautious than coward. If he had published his ideas, he would have been killed just as Bruno who was burnt to death because his theory was against the Christian Church’s.
S3: I support yo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )u. Every time when a new idea appears, there are always rejections. It’s normal. Scientists should have patience to spread their truth.
S4: I don’t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )think so. Science can never advance unless people have the courage of their beliefs.
S5: I agree. As a sc ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ientist, you must have the courage to publish your findings. No matter how people oppose it, time will show if your ideas are right or wrong.
S6: But I suppos ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e that Copernicus’ attitude towards his new theory was proper at that time. It made no sense for him to publish his theory in a hurry. He was just cautious not coward. He should protect himself first.
S7: The subway or underground railway.
S8: When we stud ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y computer lessons, we often hear of the computer topology maps.
S9: Maybe telephone nets and electricity nets can adopt topology.
T: I quite a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )gree with you. And I am glad you have known so much about the science.
StepⅤ Practice
For Exercises 1 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) and 2 on page 7 and the problems on page 46, encourage the students to fulfill them quickly and correctly. And check the answers together. And then write the following sentences on the blackboard; ask the students to pay attention to the past participle. Guide them to find out their functions in the sentences.
Show the following on the screen.
1. Nicolas Copernicus was frightened and his mind was confused.
2. He placed a fixed sun at the center of the solar system ...
3. He joined these points together using curved lines ...
T: Please read ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the three sentences and tell me what parts of speech the past participles are acting as.
A sample answer:
In the first sent ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ence, “frightened” and “confused” are acting as predicative. In the second and the third sentence, “fixed” and “curved” are used as attributes.
Step Ⅵ Homework
1. Search on the Int ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ernet for more information about Copernicus and Euler.
2. Prepare for t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he language study, reviewing the words and expressions in this unit.
九、课堂板书：电脑WORD文档展示、课件
十、课后反
Reading and writing是一段关于伟大天文学家哥白尼发表“日心说”过程的短文。
The Third Period Language Study
一、教学内容：Language Study
二、Teaching goals 教学目标
1. Target language 目标语言
重点词汇和短语
virus, contribute, conclude, make one’s way to, reserved seats
2. Ability goals 能力目标
Learn the past participle used as attribute and predicative.
三、Teaching important & difficult points 教学重难点
Learn the past participle used as attribute and predicative.
Teaching methods 教学方法
四、教学准备
Teaching methods 教学方法
1. Task –based learning;
2. Asking-and-answering activities;
3. Grammar-Translation method.
Teaching aids 教具准备
A recorder, a projector and a computer.
五、教学时间
六、学情分析：
本单元主要话题是How to orga ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nize scientific research。旨在通过本单元的教学培养学生探究科学、崇尚科学的精神和正确的科学观；帮助学生了解科学的本质和科学家的特质，使学生懂得科学探究的基本步骤和要素；指导学生如何对科学家及其所从事的科研工作进行描述、发表看法，并针对自己的个性特征和兴趣专长，畅谈个人的职业志向和人生规划。
七、问题聚集:
八、教学过程Teaching procedures & ways
StepⅠRevision and Lead-in
Task 1: Dictate the following important words and expressions.
T: Now class. Let’s have a dictation. Ready
Reference words:
valuable, instruct, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )cure, announce, look into, examine, put forward, immediately, expose, link to, blame, absorb, severe, defeat, reject, test. That’s over, have you finished
Task 2: Ask t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he students to turn to pages 4 and 42 and do Exercise 1. And then check the answers.
Task 3: Ask ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) the students to read and understand the explanations in Exercise 2 on page 4.
T: Very good! Can yo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )u put the verb “make” with a noun to form a “predicate + object” phrase For example: “making a mistake” instead of “to mistake”.
Sample answers:
S: “make an agreement”, “make an admission”, “make an apology”.
T: Well done! Pleas ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e find and collect as many examples as you can as homework. Next period I’ll check your work.
Task 4: Ask the stu ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )dents to do Exercises 3 on page 43 and then check the answers.
Step Ⅱ Practice
Task 1: Enable the students to do the following exercises.
T: Please look a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t the screen and put them into English using “make + n” and past participles.
Show the following on the screen:
约会，闲言碎语，道歉，竞争，选择，不速之客，感到沮丧的学生，受到鼓舞的竞赛者，拥挤的街道
Sample answers:
make an appoi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ntment, make gossip, make an apology, make a contest, make a choice, unexpected visitors, discouraged students, inspired contestant, crowded streets
Step Ⅲ Grammar
Explain the usage ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) of the past participles as predicative and attribute.
1. 过去分词作表语表示主语 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )所处的状态。用作表语的过去分词大多来自及物动词；不及物动词的过去分词能作表语的只限于少数表示位置转移的动词，如go, come, assemble等，它们用在连系动词之后，表示完成意义，无被动意义。例如：
The man looked quite disappointed.
He is greatly discouraged by her refusal.
His hair is nearly all gone.
已经形容词化了的过去分词大多可作表语， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )常见的有accomplished, amazed, amused, astonished, broken, closed, completed, complicated, confused, crowded, devoted, disappointed, discouraged, drunk, excited, frightened, hurt, interested, lost, satisfied, surprised, worried等。
2. 过去分词作定语
a）用作前置定语的过去分词通常来自及物动词，带有被动意义和完成意义。例如：
We like skating in the frozen lake in the winter.
=We like skating in the lake which has been frozen in the winter.
How many finished products have you got up to now
=How many products that have been finished have you got up to now
来自不及物动词的过去分词很少能单独用作前置定语，能作这样用的仅限以下几个词，这时仅表示完成意义，不表示被动意义。例如：
a retired worker=a worker who has retired
an escaped prisoner=a prisoner who has escaped
a faded / withered flower=a flower that has faded / withered
fallen leaves=leaves that have fallen
the risen sun=the sun that has just risen
a returned student=a student who has returned
vanished treasure=treasure that has vanished
b) 用作后置定语的过去分词通常也来自及物动词，表示被动意义和完成意义。这时过去分词相当于一个定语从句。例如：
Things seen are better than things heard.
=Things which are seen are better than things which are heard.
The lobster broiled over charcoal was delicious.
=The lobster which was broiled over charcoal was delicious.
Practice:
将下列句子译成英语。
1. 他看上去又累又沮丧.
2. 我们一得到补充资金,就继续我们的实验。
3. 我们可以看到被阳光照亮的月球的一部分.
4. 经过一个激动和无眠的夜晚之后，第二天我强迫自己在海滨走了很久.
5. 早在1649年,俄亥俄州就决定在每一个城镇建立免费的、由税收支持的学校。
6. 彼得对这一切似乎很惊奇。
Sample answers:
1. He looked tired and depressed.
2. We will go on with ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) our experiment as soon as we get the added fund.
3. We can se ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e the part of the moon lighted by sunlight. 4. After a night spent in excitement and sleepless-ness, I forced myself to take a long walk along the beach the next day.
5. As early as in 1649 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ), Ohio made a decision that free, tax-supported schools must be established in every town.
6. Peter was very amazed at all this.
Step Ⅳ Homework
Prepare for the next period.
九、课堂板书：电脑WORD文档展示、课件
十、课后反思：
练习过去分词作定语和表语的用法。
The Fourth Period Listening
一、教学内容：Listening
二、Teaching goals 教学目标
1. Target language目标语言
重点词汇和短语
astronomer, ast ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ronaut, institute, specialist, sort out, produce, parrot, species, revise, foundation, symbol, analyze, pure, sin, cousin, geometry, calculus, mechanics, practical, topology
2. Ability goals 能力目标
Get the students to know more about scientists and science.
3. Learning ability goals 学能目标
Enable the students to talk about scientific research.
三、Teaching important points 教学重点及难点
Learn about how to organize a scientific study.
四、教学准备
Teaching methods 教学方法
1． Task –based learning;
2．Listening activities;
Teaching aids 教具准备
A recorder, a projector and a computer.
五、教学时间
六、学情分析：
七、问题聚集:
八、Teaching procedures & ways 教学过程与方式
StepⅠLead-in
Ask the students to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )describe the picture on page 6 and guess what details may be talked about in the listening.
T: Now we’ll lis ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ten to a piece about a great Chinese scientist named Qian Xuesen. He was closely related to China’s space industry. Any volunteers to describe the picture on page 6
StepⅡ Listening and Speaking (Page 5)
Ask the students to listen to the recording and answer the questions.
T: Yu Ping an ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d her friend Steve Smith are talking about Qian Xuesen, who has made great contributions to the development of China’s space industry. Let’s look at the screen and read the new words in the material after me: astronomer(天文学家)，astronaut(宇航员)，institute(研究所).
Play the recording and then check the answers.
T: Now I have an a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )dditional question for you: Who is the first to visit the space in China
Ss: Yang Liwei!
T: Great! And what’s the name of the satellite
Ss: Shenzhou V manned spaceship of China!
T: What do you think Qian Xuesen would feel if he knew it
Ss: Of course, he would be very happy and proud.
Step Ⅲ Listening (Page 41)
Task 1: Describe the picture
T: First, let’ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s look at the beautiful flowers in the picture. Who knows the name of it
S1: It’s rose, white rose.
S2: It’s chrysanthemum, I think.
S3: Maybe it’s lily. My mother raises lily at home.
Task 2: Help the stud ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ents learn the possible new words in the listening.
T: Now class, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )in order to understand the listening easily, I’ll tell you some new words in it. Now read after me: species(种类)，parrot(鹦鹉)，blackbird(乌鸦).
Play the tape. And then check the answers.
Step Ⅳ Listening task (Page 44)
Task 1: Introdu ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ce to the students the life and work of Leonhard Euler. Help the students to gain some know-ledge about topology.
T: Please turn to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )page 44 and read the questions and the new words. Can you tell me sth.about topology and “Euler Path”
S4: Euler was a m ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )athematician. He could be called “the father of modern mathematics.”
S5: His rule “the Eul ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )er path” is like this: If a figure has more than two odd points, you can not go over it without lifting your pencil from the page or going over a line twice.
S6: Topology is o ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ne of the newest branches of mathematics. It is not about distance or size but about the connections between things.
Then ask the studen ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ts to listen to the recording and then check the answers.
Step Ⅴ Homework
Ask the students ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) to write a short passage about Euler and his job based on the listening material.
九、课堂板书：电脑WORD文档展示、课件
十、课后反思：
是一段关于中国著名科学家钱学森先生的生平介绍的听力材料，让学生了解钱学森对中国科学作出的贡献。
The Fifth Period Speaking
一、教学内容：Speaking
二、Teaching goals 教学目标
1. Target language目标语言
a. 重点词汇和短语
persevere, patient ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ), creative, hard-working, co-operative, confident, brave, positive, pleasant, polite, determined, energetic, generous, depend-able, strong-willed, talented, easy-going, ambitious, sympathetic, confident, enthusiastic
b. 重点句式
I always wanted to ... because ... P6
The experience I will need is ... P6
I need to practise ... P6
My greatest problem will be to ... P6
2. Ability goals 能力目标
Enable the students to use telephone skills to make an appointment.
3. Learning ability goals 学能目标
Enable the st ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )udents to talk about the personalities and characters of the scientists and their life, work and contributions.
三、Teaching important points 教学重点及难点
Teaching important points教学重点
How to describe a person’s appearance and personalities.
Teaching difficult points 教学难点
How to talk about a scientist and his / her job.
四、教学准备
Teaching methods 教学方法：
Communicative approach， Audio－Visual approach，Task-based activities.
Teaching aids 教具准备：
A recorder and a computer.
五、教学时间
六、学情分析：
七、问题聚集:
八、Teaching procedures & ways 教学过程与方式
StepⅠRevision and Lead-in
Ask the students to di ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )scuss what scientific job they would like to choose.
T: Now, class, would you please tell me what per-sonality you have
S1: I am open and active, but less diligent.
S2: I am confident and enthusiastic, but less careful.
S3: I am the most h ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )onest person in the world! I am strong-willed and ambitious. But I hate hard-working
S4: I am persevering, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) determined, but less co-operative. I like working alone.
S5: I am pleasant, eas ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y-going to work with but I am less intelligent. Attention: just less intelligent not foolish!
T: Very good. All o ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )f you know yourselves well. That’s very important. If we know ourselves well, we may develop ourselves in a certain way. We may fit or suit ourselves to a certain job or environment. Now please tell me what you would like to do in the future according to your personality or character
S6: I would ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )like to be a volunteer. Because I am generous, sympathetic, full of emotion and helpful. I would like to help the poor, especially the poor children in poor areas in China.
S7: I would like to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) be a researcher. Because I am persevering, quiet, careful and hard-working. If I start a program, I’ll keep on with it to the end.
S8: I want to be a manager. Because I am polite, easy-
going, energet ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ic and creative. All these personalities can help me to communicate with others.
Step Ⅱ Speaking (Page 6)
Help the students to think of phrases used in making an appointment.
T: Please speak out some phrases used in telephone dialogues.
S1: Hello. This is ... speaking. Is ... in
S2: Sorry, He is not in. May I take a message for you
S3: Hold on please. I’ll get him.
S4: Would you like him to ring you back
S5: The line is busy. I can’t get it through.
T: Wonderful ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ). Would you please tell me what other expressions can be used in making an appointment
S1: Sorry, h ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e’s busy at the moment. Could you please wait for a moment.
S2: What time would yo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )u like to meet him Please wait a second. Let me check the schedule.
S3: I’m sorry, He i ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s fully engaged today. Can you make an appointment another day
S4: Let’s make it 8 o’ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )clock tomorrow; If you can not come, will you let me know ahead of time
Step Ⅲ Talking (Page 41)
Encourage the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) students to describe the appearance and specialty of themselves and their classmates, or their teachers. Don’t tell who they are describing, let others guess who it is.
T: Now, class ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ). Everybody has their unique specialty in appearance and looking. If we want to recognize a person, we should remember his / her specialty in both looking and wearing. Let’s describe a person and guess who it is.
S5: OK. Let me have a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )try. The person is tall and thin with thick glasses. The person is very serious and always wear white T-shirts. Who is it
Ss: Our physics teacher.
S5: Yes, That’s right.
S6: I’ll give a descr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )iption. I call this person A. A is always smiling. A is always wearing big earrings. A has a round face, bright eyes with long brown curly hair. A is good at singing and dancing.
Ss: We got it. She is Miss Liu, our music teacher.
S6: Yes, you got it.
S7: Now. This person ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )is H. H always wears short hair. H is very tall and a bit hunchback. H always walks with his or her feet outwards.
Ss: Oh, we see. He is our monitor, Wang Ling!
S7: Yes.
T: Well done. Now wor ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )k in pairs. Imagine you are going to meet a specialist about a newly found flower. Your partner will be the assistant to the flower specialist. You both need a description of the other so you can recognize each other when you meet. Now ring the assistant to sort out the necessary information.
A sample dialogue:
S1: Hello. This is Dr Evans’ office. Can I help you
S2: Yes, please. I ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )’d like to change my arrangement to meet Dr Evans. I want to show him this new orchid that I’ve found. We originally arranged to meet in the University laboratory but now I’m unable to do that.
S1: Oh yes. I’ve g ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ot it down here in his diary. Where would you like to meet now then
S2: Outside t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he Botanical gardens on Trumpington Road. But it’s always very crowded there, so I wonder if you could give me an idea of how I could recognize Dr Evans
S1: Yes, of course. ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) He’s tall and thin with long, grey hair and glasses.
S2: That sounds very clear. What other special features does he have
S1: Yes. He walks wit ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )h a limp because he broke his leg when he went skiing many years ago. What do you look like
S2: Dr Evans can easi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ly recognize me. I’m short and thin with brown, curly hair. I always wear a duffle coat and a bobble hat. I’ll be carrying my flower.
S1: I’ll tell him. ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )Thank you for your clear descrip-tion. I’m sure Dr Evans is looking forward to meeting you. Goodbye.
S2: Goodbye.
Step Ⅳ Speaking task (Page 46)
Encourage the students to discuss a certain scientist.
T: Now class. In ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )pairs discuss the life and work of any scientists that you know. Using the questions in the workbook.
A sample dialogue:
S1: Who shall we choose
S2: I’ve done some research on Edison and his child life.
S1: What did you find out about him
S2: Well, little “Al ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )” Edison, who was the last of seven children in his family, did not learn to talk until he was almost four years old.
S1: Really I only know about some of his inventions.
S2: At age 11 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ), Tom’s parents tried to teach him how to use the resources of the local library. This led him to prefer learning through independent self instruction. By age 12, Tom had already become an “adult”. He not only talked his parents into letting him go to work selling newspapers, snacks, and candy on the railroad, he had started an entirely separate business selling fruits and vegetables.
S1: What else do you know
S2: One of the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )most significant events in Tom’s life now occurred when — as a reward for his heroism — the boy’s grateful father taught him how to master the use of Morse code and the telegraph. Over the next years, Edison’s progress in creating successful inventions for industry really took off.
S1: He is really a good example for us to learn from.
Step Ⅴ Homework
T: The follo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )wing is a piece of writing about a great physiologist named Claude Bernard. Read and then change it into a dialogue with your partner.
Show the following on the screen.
Claude Bernard’s1 Ambition2
French physiologist3 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )Claude Bernard (1813-18 78) dropped out of school4 because it was his ambition to become a great writer. At the age of twenty-one, he wrote a five-act tragedy5 called Arthur of Brittany and brought it to a well-known Parisian critic6. The critic read the play and strongly advised young Claude to return to school at once and forget all about writing. Claude did and became one of the greatest biologists7 in history, virtually8 founding “experimental physiology”. When he died in 1878, he was given a state funeral, the first scientist upon whom France had bestowed9 this honor.
Notes:
1. Claude Bernard 克劳德.贝尔纳
2. ambition 雄心; 抱负; 野心
3. physiologist 生理学家
4. drop out of school 中途退学;
drop out 退出; 离队
5. tragedy 悲剧 (comedy 喜剧)
6. critic 批评家; 评论家; critics of art and literature 文艺批评家
7. biologist 生物学家
8. virtually 实际上; 事实上
9. bestow 把……赠与; 把……给与
九、课堂板书：电脑WORD文档展示、课件
十、课后反思：
通过本单元的教学培养学生探究科学 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )、崇尚科学的精神和正确的科学观；帮助学生了解科学的本质和科学家的特质，使学生懂得科学探究的基本步骤和要素；指导学生如何对科学家及其所从事的科研工作进行描述、发表看法，并针对自己的个性特征和兴趣专长，畅谈个人的职业志向和人生规划。
The Sixth Period Writing
一、教学内容：Writing
二、Teaching goals 教学目标
1. Target language 目标语言
重点词汇与短语
suggest, persuade, observation, contributions, achieve, devote ... to
2. Ability goals 能力目标
Enable the students ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) to learn the way of persuasive writing and descriptive writing.
3. Learning ability goals 学能目标
Learn how to write a persuasive writing and a descriptive writing.
三、Teaching important points 教学重点及难点
Teaching important points教学重点
Help the student ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s to learn to write a persuasive writing and a report.
Teaching difficult points教学难点
How to write a report about a scientist and his / her job.
四、教学准备
Teaching methods 教学方法：
Communicative approach， Audio－Visual approach，Task-based activities.
Teaching aids 教具准备：
A recorder and a computer.
五、教学时间
六、学情分析：
七、问题聚集:
八、Teaching procedures & ways 教学过程与方式
Step Ⅰ Presentation
Task 1: Summarize the way of writing a report.
T: Now class, if ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )we want to write a report about a scientist, what contents should we include
S1: The life of the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) scientist, such as his birth and death dates, his family, his education, his personality, his achievements and contributions, his key factors to his success.
T: Yes. You are right. And how do we make an outline about it
S2: We should put ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the collected information under three headlines: life, achievements and key to success.
Task 2: Remind ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the students of the writing techniques and writing features of a report.
Show the following to the students.
ReportFormal language with few adjectivesNo speech except quotationsNot emotional Only one main characterFactual structured according to experimental methodPast tense and passive voice
Task 3: Summarize the way of persuasive writing.
T: You know if ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) we want to persuade sb, we always want to reason with him or her. We must develop our own ideas and provide some evidence to support our ideas so there are always three steps to persuade somebody else to change his or her point of view. Can you point out what the three steps are
S1: I think the first is to give your opinion and idea.
S2: The second is to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )give the reasons and evidence to support your idea.
S3: The third is to make a conclusion.
Show the following to the students.
A persuasive writingFormal or informal, vivid use of languageSpeech to show feelings, reactions, etcEmotional or not emotional to describe feelings and factsOnly two main charactersFactual or imaginative based on factReason and persuade step by step Present tense
Then ask the students ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) to write a short letter as required in Exercise 3.
A sample version:
Dear Nicolaus Copernicus,
I am a student stud ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ying history and I would very much like to read your new theory about the solar system. I hope you will publish it for several reasons. I understand the problems with the present theory. The way the planets move is not what you would expect if the earth was the centreof the universe. It is also odd that the brightness of some stars seems to change. So I agree with you that we need new theory.
I know your o ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )bservations have been very carefully carried out over many years. Now you must have the courage to publish them. Science can never advance unless people have the courage of their beliefs. I know you worry about what will happen if you publish your new theory. No matter how people oppose it, time will show if your ideas are right or wrong.
So I hope you can publish your new theory.
Step Ⅱ Writing
Ask the students to write a report about a scientist.
Sample versions (见附件3, 4, 5)
Step Ⅲ Homework
Ask the students to do the Project on page 47.
九、课堂板书：电脑WORD文档展示、课件
十、课后反思：
通过本单元的教学培养学生 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )探究科学、崇尚科学的精神和正确的科学观；帮助学生了解科学的本质和科学家的特质，使学生懂得科学探究的基本步骤和要素；指导学生如何对科学家及其所从事的科研工作进行描述、发表看法，并针对自己的个性特征和兴趣专长，畅谈个人的职业志向和人生规划。
附页一 New Words
1. characteristic n. 特征，特性。，用来描述人或事物的特征、特点，并非性格
Ambition is a characteristic of all successful businessmen
* Character n. 个性,字符,人物.用来描述人的性格，像是坚强、懦弱、乐观、积极
He is firm in character. 他性格坚强。
2.Put forward 1) 提出 2) 提前
He put forward a plan at the meeting.
They put forward the date of their wedding by one week
反义：put off
put down 记下,镇压 put out 关掉,熄灭
put aside 放在一边 put off 推迟, 延期
put up 建造, 张贴 put on 穿上
put away 收好
3. conclude vt.vi 结束,作结论,推断
The concert concluded with the National Anthem. 音乐会最后以演奏国歌结束。
what do you conclude from them
4. Conclusion n. 结论，结束
draw / reach/ come to a conclusion得出结论
I came to th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e conclusion/drew /reached the conclusion that you were lying.
5. analyse vt分析----- analysis n analyse the results 分析结果
6. attend vt照顾，护理，出席，参加
The headmaster decided to attend Miss Li’s class himself.
attend to 处理；照顾；专心于
I have some important things to attend to. 我有些重要事须处理。
If you go out, I’ll attend to the baby. 你出去的话，我会照顾孩子的。
She didn’t attend to what I was saying. 她没有专心听我刚才说的话。
expose vt暴露，揭露，使曝光
expose…to…/ be exposed to… 暴露
I sit near the window and sometimes I am exposed to the sun.
The broken car was exposed to the wind and rain.
cure n. 治愈，痊愈vt.治愈，治疗
cure sb. of sth./ cure sth
Doctor Smith has cured the boy of his cough.
This medicine can cure your headache.
Is there a certain cure for AIDS yet (n.)
challenge n 挑战vt向。。。挑战
They had challenged and beaten the best team in the world.
It offers a challenge.
absorb vt.吸收，吸引，使专心
absorb… into 吸收 be absorbed in 全神贯注于
The big company has g ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )radually absorbed these small companies into its own organization.
Dry sand absorbs water.
The boy was so absorb ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ed in the computer games that he didn’t realize his father came.
suspect vt.怀疑 n. 被怀疑者，嫌疑犯
suspect sb of sth/doing sth怀疑某人某事
What made you suspect her of having taken the money
enquiry = inquiry n 询问（+about sth.）
severe adj严重的，剧烈的，严厉的
be severe with = be strict with be too severe on sb.
He is severe with himself.
I think you are too severe on your child.
A severe case would cause death without immediate treatment.
14. blame vt责备，谴责 n. 过失，责备
be to blame (for sth.) blame sb. for sth.= blame sth, on sb.
Anyway, I am to blame for this matter.
Do you blame him ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) for the accident ---Do you blame the accident on him
15. handle n. 柄，把手vt.处理，操纵，经销
The children are so naughty that I can't handle them.
She handled a difficult argument skillfully.
This shop handles paper.
16. link vt, n. 连接，联系
link…to… ( relate…to…) 将。。。和。。。联系或连接起来
His fear of people is deeply related/linked to his unhappy childhood.
17.announce vt宣布，通告 announcement (n.)
The government announced its new policies.
18. instruct vt.命令，指示，教导
instruction n. 指示，用法说明，教育，教导，指令
instructor n. 教师，讲师
follow the instructions 按照说明书
on sb’s construction 按照某人的吩咐
-- Who instructs your ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) class in history -- Mr Black. He is our instructor.
She instructed me in the use of this telephone.
I've been instructed to wait here until the lecturer arrives.
We forgot to read the instructions. (an instruction book)
19.responsible adj. 有责任的，负责的
be responsible to…对某人负责
be responsible for…对某事负责任
The pilot was responsible for the passengers’ safety.
Our duty is to hold our ourselves responsible to the people.
contribute vt，vi 贡献，捐献，捐助
contribute to… 有助于，捐助，为。。。撰稿
make a contribution to 捐献，做出贡献
Honesty and hard work contribute to success and happiness.
How much did you contribute to the Red Cross.
She has been contributing to the paper for 5 years.
21.. apart from 除……之外
有两层含义：1. = besides 并未排除
2. = except 真正意义上的排除在外
Apart from the injuries to his face and hands, he broke both legs
Apart from his nose, he is good-looking.
22.be strict with 对……严格
He is very strict with his students.
23. make sense 有意义，讲得通
No matter how I tried to read it, the sentence didn't make sense.
It makes sense to take care of your health
24. spin vi. Vt（使）旋转，纺（纱或线）
We span the coin to see who would have first turn.
I spun around to see who had spoken.
25.enthusiastic: be interested in
enthusiasm n. enthusiastically adv.
She shows boundless enthusiasm for the work.
She greeted him enthusiastically with a kiss.
She is very enthusiastic about Eastern music.
26. cautious: careful to avoid risk
be cautious about/of sb./sth.
The bank is very cautious about lending money.
27. reject vt.拒绝，不接受，抛弃
reject an offer/a possibility/a theory
附页二 Language Points
1. lift up 托起
Lift up those books and bring me the paper that's under them.
2.know about了解有关….的情况
know of听说过
There is something I want to know about .
I know of it , but I didn’t know it well.
3.control---controlled; controlling
He can’t control his anger.
lose control of… / …be (go) out of control
The driver lost control of his car and it knocked into a tree.
The car was out of control and ran into a wall.
in control of…= in charge of… under the control of…
Mr. Brown is in cont ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rol of the money.--The money is under the control of Mr. Brown.
4.in addition (to…) = besides = apart from….
There was an earthq ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )uake. In addition / Besides, there were tidal waves(海啸).
---Apart from an earthquake, there were tidal waves.
He speaks French in addition to /besides/apart from English.
5.suggest:
suggest (to sb.) that….陈述语气 “表明”
suggest (to sb.) that….虚拟语气 “建议” (should)
advise that…虚拟语气 “建议” (should)
Suggest doing sth. (advise doing sth)
Suggest sb’s/sb doing sth (advise sb to do sth)
Are you suggesting that I am not fit for the job
She suggested that we (should) have lunch at the new restaurant.
---She suggested (our/us) having lunch at the new restaurant.
6.every time conj. 引导时间状语从句　“每当／每次”
Every time I hear thi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s sweet song, I can’t help thinking of my happy childhood.
Every time Mum comes back, Joan is practising singing songs.
Cf. immediately, the moment, directly, as soon as conj.
I gave the money back to Mary the moment I saw her.
get done (cf. be done ) / get +adj. (p5)
get lost/burnt/separated/dark
get sb. to do… / have sb. do
I have got Li Ming to turn off the water.
get sth. done
You must get your homework done before watching TV.
get sb. / sth. doing
Who can get the car running
8. lead to: to result in 导致 (p7)
Your carelessness will lead to the trouble in the future.
9..only if 只有
Only if I get a job will I have enough money to go to school.
if only 如果……就好了→ 后面的句子常表示与现在或将来的事实相反，谓语动词要虚拟，用过去时态表示。
If only I could help you!